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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Opportunities to respond'
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Bolt, Teresa Donna. "The Effects of Varied Opportunities to Respond Embedded in a Group Contingency Program." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5914.
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This study investigated the effects of using a group contingency program with three students with disabilities in a small group special education setting. These students exhibited both academic and behavioral difficulties. With the use of Class Wide Function-Related Intervention Team (CW-FIT) students increased their active engagement and correct responses, as well as decreased their disruptive behaviors; however, these behaviors did not maintain over time. CW-FIT with high opportunities to respond showed an even greater improvement than CW-FIT with low opportunities to respond. Increased opportunities to respond resulted in higher levels of active engagement and correct responses and decreases in disruptive behavior for all three students. These results indicate that CW-FIT in combination with high opportunities to respond can help manage students' behavior and help them increase correct responding.
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Sukovskyy, Yevheniy. "TEACHER TRAINING IN OPPORTUNITIES TO RESPOND AND POSITIVE FEEDBACK: EFFECTS ON STUDENT ENGAGEMENT." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/edsrc_etds/9.
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This study investigated the impact of a brief teacher training combined with use of a MotivAider that sought to simultaneously manipulate rate of opportunity to respond and positive feedback on students’ on-task behavior during a classroom activity. The goal of the training was to increase the percentage of time the learner stayed on task during the class activity. Three elementary teacher-student dyads took part in this study. An A-B-A-B withdrawal design was employed to evaluate the function of relation between independent and dependent variables. Results showed low effectiveness of brief training and MotivAider as a strategy of increasing teachers providing the opportunity to respond, positive performance feedback, and student on-task behavior. Although changes in teacher behavior were observed, a functional relation was not established. There were several limitations identified in this study related to data collection process, IOA results, and beginning baseline and intervention phases. Suggestions for future research are provided.
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Davis, Christopher Ivan. "The effects of game modifications on opportunities to respond in elementary volleyball classes /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487687115925028.
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Rismiller, Laura Lacy. "Effects of praise training and increasing opportunities to respond on teachers' praise statements and reprimands during classroom instruction." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1100293893.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 114 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-94).
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Eckler, Jennifer w. "Naturalistic Study of Students with Emotional/Behavioral Problems at the Secondary Level." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1277205810.
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Roberts, Nicholas. "Digitally enhancing customer agility and competitive activity how firms use information technology to sense and respond to market opportunities in hypercompetitive environments /." Connect to this title online, 2009.
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Singer, Leslie S. "Effects of Interspersing Recall versus Recognition Questions with Response Cards During Lectures on Students' Academic and Participation Behaviors in a College Classroom." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7575.
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Instructional design and delivery may be one tool available to teachers to increase the academic and social behaviors of all students in the classroom. Effective instruction is an evidence-based teaching strategy that can be used to efficiently educate our youth across all learning environments. One effective instructional strategy includes increasing students’ opportunities to respond to instructor-posed questions during lectures. Students may respond to questions using a response card system as a way to promote active engagement. This study examined the most common form of instructor-posed questions presented during lecture, recall and recognition questions, to determine the differential effects on students’ academic and participation behavior in a college classroom. Results found no differentiation in students’ academic behavior with respect to question type. Students’ participation behavior was greater when the instructor used class wide active responding procedures than observed in baseline conditions that represented typical college instruction.
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Criss, Caitlin J. "The Role of Goal Setting and Performance Feedback to Improve Teachers’ Classroom Management Skills." The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1618402354463067.
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Murphy, Maurice D. "Tropical cyclone preparedness and response : opportunities for operations research." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45397.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-87).
This thesis explores how operations research methods can be applied in the emergency response community by looking at two recent tropical storm disasters; tropical cyclone Yemyin in Pakistan, June 2007 and super typhoon Durian in the Philippines, Nov 2006. The case studies are used to highlight three common problem areas; determining the scope of the disaster, agency coordination, and relief logistics. The thesis identifies some operational models and applicable research and suggests that these ideas should be formulated as emergency management decision making tools particularly for use in the developing world.
by Maurice D. Murphy.
S.M.
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Nissen, Gustaf. "Cost Reduction Opportunities in Local Distribution Grids with Demand Response." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-132200.
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The development of future smart electricity grids is driven by efficiency and climate targets and economic benefit for producers, retailers and customers on the deregulated electricity market. Since most investments will be made by grid owners acting as regulated monopolies, it is unclear how they will get return on their investments. Can demand response programs create cost reductions for the grid owner that help motivate the investment in smart grids? Two cases of cost reduction opportunities are evaluated assuming that peak loads are reduced by a demand response program: optimization of cable dimensions for lower peak loads when building new grids, and avoided investments in reinforced capacity in the existing grid. Potential cost reductions are estimated for the two example cases, using financial and technical data for Fortum's local distribution grid in Stockholm. The result shows that reducing the capacity in the cables by 70-80 % only brings down investment costs by 3-4 %, since the common expense for excavation outweighs the incremental cost of cables. Over-capacity means increased redundancy and flexibility to increase load in the future, which are valuable features for a grid owner.Regarding investments in the existing grid, a substation that needs replacement because of overload is analyzed. Assuming a continued trend of steadily increasing load, a 34 % peak load reduction would delay the investment 20 years, which is in turn worth 900,000 SEK in 2010 prices.
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Krestin, Ruth Viviane. "More money, more science? : how the malaria research community responds to funding opportunities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59780.
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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-108).
Agencies that fund research shape both the rate and direction of scientific progress through the resource allocation choices they make. However, our understanding of the degree to which scientists respond to shifts in that allocation is very limited. How does the scientific community reorganize itself and gain new entrants? How do research priorities change? What collaborative arrangements are formed with the advent of more funding? In this study malaria research is used as a setting in which to explore these critical issues. This provides a useful context not only because it is a relatively small and easily identifiable research community, but also because funding for malaria research has increased more than fourfold over the past 15 years first through a large expansion of the NIH budget and subsequently through the entry of the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation. This provides a quasi-experimental setting to explore how scientific communities react to funding incentives. In particular changes in productivity of scientists, the entry of other biologists into the field of malaria, the diversity of the scientific community and individual research lines pursued, and the collaborative agreements struck, are examined here. The research methods include a bibliometric analysis of the malaria publication space and extensive interviews and discussions with malaria researchers and global health experts. The analysis suggests that when funding is scaled up rapidly, scientific output increases at diminishing returns. Publication growth was accounted for primarily by the entry of scientists into the field of malaria in the late 1990s and onwards, while individual productivity rates remained flat in the advent of more funding. Furthermore, there was a shift in research emphasis towards more applied translational research, particularly drug and vaccine development. Finally, the network of researchers and policy makers became more collaborative, but also concentrated decision making power into the hands of a small, tight-knit global health community.
by Ruth Viviane Krestin.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
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Wagner, Brooklyn K. "Oxytocin and the stress response in beef cattle: Opportunities and Limitations." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555325284731452.
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Klingert, Sonja [Verfasser], and Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Becker. "Evaluating demand response opportunities for data centers / Sonja Klingert ; Betreuer: Christian Becker." Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1228271402/34.
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Bergaplass, Kristian Tveitehaugen, and Christian Eriksen. "Industrial Opportunities in Oil Spill Response in Norway : An Analysis of the Technological Innovation System of Oil Spill Response." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for industriell økonomi og teknologiledelse, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-20975.
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Recent oil spills have made headlines across the world. The 2010 blowout from the Macondo oil well flowed continuously for three months, spilling more than half a million cubic meters of oil into the Gulf of Mexico. The 2002 spill from the tanker Prestige was about a tenth in size, still contaminating thousands of kilometers of coastline. Recent Norwegian examples of spills are the Statfjord platform oil spill, and the shipwreckings of Full City and Server. Trends in energy exploration and transport show increases both in overall activity and in activity in sensitive areas. An example is the activity on the northern coast of Russia, where oil and gas production is increasing, freight of oil is increasing, and a general transport route to Asia may be opened due to the melting of the Arctic ice cap. Accidents and increasing activity along the Norwegian coast calls for further development of the Norwegian oil spill response system and form the background for this thesis. It has investigated the conditions for innovation in the Norwegian oil spill response industry, and has attempted to identify how these can be strengthened. Extensive research on the workings of the system and industry has been conducted to enable a thorough analysis of the technological innovation system of oil spill response. The analysis has resulted in two major findings. The first is the explicit definition of the market as an oligopsony. It is a market characterized by a concentration of buyer power in the two major buyers, NCA and NOFO, which in turn affects the market. One such effect is that companies in the industry are weary of expressing any criticism of the system, fearing for future sales. The second finding is a lack of drivers of innovation in oil spill response. The incentive and opportunity to innovate has been evaluated for three groups of stakeholders: the sellers, the buyers, and the end users. The analysis shows that the sellers have neither opportunity nor incentive to invest in long-term development. The buyers—NOFO and NCA—have a varying degree of incentive to innovate, but limited opportunity. The end users have limited opportunity and incentive to innovate. An implication of these findings is that innovation for the future Norwegian oil spill response is projected to be incremental, following the path it has trodden the last twenty years. To address this projection, and possibly shift the path, there has been suggested certain key actions. These key actions are a start in dealing with the deficiencies that are hindering innovation in oil spill response.
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Bancroft, Sharon L. "The Evolution of Urban Community Development Corporations in Response to Contemporary Challenges and Opportunities." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1719.
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Butler, Andrew T., and Jason M. Carter. "USMC installations command information environment: opportunities and analysis for integration of first responder communications." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/43884.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThis thesis analyzes the current, planned, and potential future first responder policies, procedures, networks, and architecture in theMarine Corps. The current technology and information systems are studied to examine the level of interoperability between civilian and military first responders. Camp Pendleton Safety and Emergency Services Battalion is used as a case study in order to assess how these groups can combine their efforts in the case of an emergency or natural disaster. The planned first responder program, Emergency Management Command and Coordination (EMC2), is also assessed to examine the potential capabilities and interoperability that can be garnered through modernization of technology, networks, and information systems. The current and planned systems will be analyzed to determine how theMarine Corps can integrate into the Department of Commerce’s first responder network (FirstNet) in the future. This integration planning is vital in order to vet misalignment of civil and Department of Defense information technology security policies, foster ease of implementation of FirstNet for theMarine Corps, and to ensure early planning based on possible implementation models and metrics.
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Sten, Amanda, and Katja Åström. "Opportunities and barriers for an increased flexibility in residential consumers’ electricity consumption." Thesis, KTH, Energi och klimatstudier, ECS, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191446.
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I Sverige står hushållen för en stor del av den slutliga elanvändningen och deras konsumtionsmönster bidrar till att skapa höga förbrukningstoppar, särskilt under vintermånaderna när elbehovet är som störst. Om hushållen kunde tänka sig att vara mer flexibla i när de använder el skulle förbrukningstoppar kunna dämpas avsevärt och balansen mellan elproduktion och elanvändning bli lättare att upprätthålla. Idag utnyttjas inte efterfrågeflexibilitet i någon större utsträckning, förutom den från vissa elintensiva industrier. Den flexibla kapacitet enskilda hushåll skulle kunna bidra med är naturligtvis lägre än hos industrier, men sammanslaget skulle hushållskunders flexibilitet kunna ge en substantiell inverkan på elsystemet. Vid låga utetemperaturer finns det en uppskattad potential att genomföra effektjusteringar om cirka 1 400 – 3 100 MW om värmelasten hos drygt hälften av samtliga eluppvärmda hus i Sverige omdisponeras till andra tidpunkter, och ytterligare några hundra MW om drygt hälften av samtliga hushåll i Sverige vore flexibla i när de använder hushållsel. Enligt en studie av Broberg m.fl. (2016) skulle drygt hälften av hushållen i Sverige kunna tänka sig att vara flexibla, beroende på vad flexibel innebär. Hushåll som använder el för uppvärmning kan vara flexibla genom att tillfälligt öka eller minska inomhustemperaturen, eller om de använder el i kombination med något annat uppvärmningssätt – genom att byta energikälla. Justeringen kan även ske automatiskt om uppvärmningssystemet är utrustat med central styrutrustning. Om ett stort antal kunders flexibla laster samlas ihop av en marknadsaktör skulle den totala flexibla lasten kunna säljas som kapacitet på grossistmarknaden för el eller erbjudas som upp- eller nedregleringsbud på reglermarknaden. Studien av Broberg m.fl. (2014) har även analyserat hur stor ekonomisk kompensation hushåll vill ha i utbyte mot att vara flexibla. Sett till den flexibla kapacitet hushållskunders efterfrågeflexibilitet bedöms motsvara, cirka 1 400 – 3 100 MW, är kompensationskraven legitimerade, åtminstone om den flexibla kapaciteten erbjuds på någon marknadsplats för elhandel. Styrtjänster som innebär att elanvändningen automatiskt optimeras efter elpriset kan dock vara dyra idag, vilket innebär att det främst tros vara hushåll med hög elförbrukning som utnyttjar dem och de bör därför subventioneras. En annan form av flexibilitet är att anpassa elanvändningen efter det timvarierande elhandelspriset. Den enda förutsättningen för att konsumenten ska tjäna på en sådan anpassning är att elförbrukningen mäts och debiteras på timbasis, vilket är fallet för de relativt få kunder som har valt att teckna timprisavtal. På grund av att konsumentpriset på el inte varierar särskilt mycket saknas incitament för att kunder ska vilja anpassa sin användning efter priset. Det behövs därför en mer effektiv prissättning som exempelvis förstärker volatiliteten eller gör det dyrare eller billigare att använda el vid vissa tidpunkter.In Sweden, residential consumers account for a large share of the final electricity consumption. Their consumption patterns pose great impact on the network power peaks, especially during the winter. If residential consumers were more flexible in their consumption, peaks would be alleviated considerably and the balance between electricity supply and demand would more easily be maintained. Today, demand side flexibility is not utilized to any greater extent, except the one from energy intensive industries. De flexible capacity a single household could contribute with is of course less than within industries, but if flexible capacity from a large number of households were bundled up it would provide a considerable impact on the electricity system. At low outdoor temperatures there is an estimated potential to reach power adjustments in the size of 1 400 – 3 100 MW if the heat load in just over half of the electric heated houses in Sweden were displaced, and a few hundred more if residential consumers were flexible in their consumption of domestic electricity. According to a study by Broberg et al (2016) approximately half the population would consider to be flexible in their electricity consumption under the right circumstances. Households that use electricity for heating can be flexible through temporarily adjust the indoor temperature, or – if they heat their homes with electricity in combination with another heat source – by switching heat source. The adjustment can also be automatic if the heating system is equipped with a central control unit. If flexible capacity from a large number of households is bundled up into grid worthy demand response by a market actor, the capacity could be offered as bids on organized electricity markets. The study by Broberg et al (2014) also analysed how much compensation households require in exchange for being flexible. The compensation levels are justified with regard to the flexible capacity that can be gathered form households, 1 400 – 3 100 MW, at least as long as the capacity is sold in an organized electricity market. Services for automatic control of heating systems, where the power output is optimized after the varying electricity price, can be expensive today, which indicates that mainly households with a high electricity consumption utilize them today. Hence, they need to be subsidized. Demand side flexibility can also be to manually change consumption patterns in response to price signals. The only precondition is that the electricity consumption is measured and billed on an hourly basis, which is the case for the relatively few consumers with hourly rate agreements. The volatility of the electricity price is however subdued due to the large share of fixed surcharges, which means there is lack of incentive for consumers to adapt their consumption in response to price variations. Hence, the volatility needs to be amplified through efficient pricing.
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He, Annette. "Response to Technological Innovation: The Impact of STEM Graduates on Employment Opportunities in Accounting Services Firms." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1146.
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What is the effect of STEM (science, technology, engineering, math) degrees on employment in accounting services? Many accounting firms are beginning to rely on recent technological developments such as big data and Artificial Intelligence. Although firms have traditionally hired professionals from pure accounting backgrounds, technology is creating a new demand for skills focusing on data analytics, computer science, statistics, and many more. This thesis analyzes the impact of increasing employment diversity; one way of maximizing the potential of technological innovation is to focus recruiting on STEM graduates. Thus, this thesis uses an empirical analysis on the effect of STEM degrees and accounting services employment; this relationship is compared with variables that have had or will affect accounting services employment in the twenty-first century: Sarbanes Oxley regulations, accounting degrees, public research and development funding, and unemployment rates. The conclusions from this analysis help suggest future educational implications for accountants.
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Higginson, Sarah L. "The rhythm of life is a powerful beat : demand response opportunities for time-shifting domestic electricity practices." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16018.
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The 2008 Climate Change Act set legally-binding carbon reduction targets. Demand side management (DSM) includes energy use reduction and peak shaving and offers significant potential to reduce the amount of carbon used by the electricity grid. The demand side management (DSM) schemes that have tried to meet this challenge have been dominated by engineering-based approaches and so favour tools like automation (which aims to make shifting invisible) and pricing (which requires customer response) to shift demand. These approaches tend to focus on the tools for change and take little account of people and energy-use practices. This thesis argues that these approaches are limited and therefore unlikely to produce the level of response that will be needed in future. The thesis therefore investigates the potential for time-shifting domestic energy demand but takes a different angle by trying to understand how people use energy in their daily lives, whether this use can be shifted and some of the implications of shifting it. The centrepiece of the work is an empirical study of eleven households energy-use practices. The interdisciplinary methodology involved in-house observations, interviews, photographs, metered energy data and disruptive interventions. The data was collected in two phases. Initially, a twenty-four hour observation was carried out in each household to find out how energy was implicated in everyday practices. Next, a series of three challenges were carried out, aimed at assessing the implications of disrupting practices by time-shifting food preparation, laundry and work/ leisure. A practice theory approach is used to shift the focus of attention from appliances, tools for change, behaviour or even people, to practices. The central finding of this work is that practices were flexible. This finding is nuanced, in the light of the empirical research, by an extended discussion on the nature of practices; in particular, the relationship between practices and agency and the temporal-spatial locatedness of practices. The findings demonstrate that, in this study at least, expanding the range of demand response options was possible. The research suggests numerous possibilities for extending the potential of practices to shift in time and space, shift the energy used in practices or substitute practices for other non-energy-using practices, though there are no simple technological or behavioural fixes . More profoundly, however, the thesis concludes that infrastructures of provision , such as the electricity grid and the companies that run it, underpin and facilitate energy-use practices irrespective of the time of day and year. In this context technology-led demand response schemes may ultimately contribute to the problem they purport to solve. A more fundamental interrogation of demand and the infrastructures that serve it is therefore necessary and is almost entirely absent from the demand response debate.
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Valizade, Danat. "Trade unions and the rise of contingent labour in the United Kingdom : challenges, opportunities and the trade union response." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12967/.
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This thesis is a rigorous empirical investigation into the trade union response to contingent labour in the United Kingdom. It contributes to knowledge and understanding about trade union strategies and methods directed towards contingent workers and casts light on challenges and opportunities posed to trade unions by the rise of contingent labour. The thesis challenges a dual labour market theory that rests on the assumption that labour markets are structured homogeneously into primary and secondary segments populated by contingent workers and standard employees respectively. It demonstrates explicitly that at least within trade union membership dynamic converging and diverging tendencies between primary and secondary segments distort a frontier between them and thereby affect employee behaviours. This has profound implications for trade unions, as their responses to contingent labour are still predicated upon the existence of dichotomous labour markets. The thesis uncovered internal inconsistency of strategies and methods employed by trade unions such that instead of being inherently inclusive they appear to be rather pragmatic and driven by dynamic tendencies between the membership segments. In general, trade unions confronted with a diverging tendency between their primary and secondary membership segments struggled to articulate systematic responses to contingent work. This occurred because trade unions have yet to address challenges emanating from such dynamic processes, especially in relation to the differences between contingent workers’ and standard employees’ attitudes towards trade unions. Taken together, these findings suggest that cohesion and inclusiveness of trade union responses to contingent labour depend largely on the trade unions’ ability to absorb converging and diverging tendencies between their membership segments.
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Zhang, Li. "Peasant household economy under the influence of international trade, industrialization, and urbanization a case study of Wuxi peasants' response to economic opportunities, 1860s-1940s /." online access from Digital dissertation consortium, 2002. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3040214.
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Brinkel, Johanna [Verfasser]. "A user-centred evaluation of a mobile phone-based interactive voice response system to support infectious disease surveillance and access to healthcare for sick children in Ghana: users’ experiences, challenges and opportunities for large-scale application. Part of a concept and pilot study for mobile phone-based Electronic Health Information and Surveillance System (eHISS) for Africa / Johanna Brinkel." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1204561826/34.
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Lequeux, Audrey. "Impact du ciblage du domaine de liaison de HIF-1α avec HIF-1β sur le paysage immunitaire du mélanome Targeting HIF-1 Alpha Transcriptional Activity Drives Cytotoxic Immune Effector Cells into Melanoma and Improves Combination Immunotherapy Hijacker of the Antitumor Immune Response: Autophagy is Showing its Worst Facet Impact of Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment and Tumor Cell Plasticity on The Expression of Immune Checkpoints Improving Cancer Immunotherapy by Targeting the Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment: New Opportunities and Challenges." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL026.
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L’hypoxie est une caractéristique majeure des tumeurs solides et elle est capable d’induire un microenvironnement tumoral immunosuppressif. Nous avons étudié l’impact de l’inhibition du domaine de liaison de HIF-1α avec HIF-1β sur le paysage immunitaire du mélanome murin B16-F10. Le ciblage de ce domaine de liaison inhibe l’activité transcriptionnelle de HIF-1α dans les cellules B16-F10 in vitro. In vivo, l’inhibition de l’activité transcriptionnelle de HIF-1α dans le mélanome B16-F10 montre une diminution significative de la croissance tumorale et une amélioration consistante de la survie des souris. La croissance tumorale est restaurée dans les souris immunodéficientes, soulignant l’importance du système immunitaire dans le contrôle de la croissance du mélanome. L’étude du phénotype des cellules immunitaires intra-tumorales révèle une augmentation de l’infiltration des cellules Natural Killer (NK), des lymphocytes T CD4+, des T régulateurs, des macrophages de type M1 et M2 et des cellules dendritiques lorsque l’activité transcriptionnelle de HIF-1α est inhibée. La déplétion de cellules NK dans notre modèle expérimental restaure la croissance tumorale, soulignant le rôle des NK dans la surveillance du mélanome B16-F10. Le changement du paysage immunitaire observé dans notre modèle corrèle également avec une modification du réseau de cytokines caractérisé par une nette augmentation de la sécrétion de CCL5 et de CCL2. En conclusion, cette étude met en évidence le rôle de HIF-1α dans le contrôle de la croissance et le remodelage du paysage immunitaire du mélanome B16-F10. Elle indique la possibilité de combiner un inhibiteur de HIF-1α avec une immunothérapie basée sur le blocage des points de contrôle immunitaire pour étendre leur efficacité et leur bénéfice thérapeutiques à un plus grand nombre de patients cancéreuxHypoxia is a major feature of solid tumors and is able to induce a tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Here, we investigated the impact of inhibiting of the binding domain of HIF-1α to HIF-1β on the immune landscape of B16-F10 melanoma. Targeting this binding domain inhibits the transcriptional activity of HIF-1α in B16-F10 cells in vitro. In vivo, inhibiting the transcriptional activity of HIF-1α in B16-F10 melanoma shows a significant decrease in tumor growth and a consistent improvement in mice survival. Tumor growth is restored in immunodeficient mice, highlighting the critical role of the immune system in controlling melanoma growth. The phenotyping of intra-melanoma immune cells reveals an increase in Natural Killer (NK), CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells, M1 and M2 macrophages and dendritic cells. NK depletion restores tumor growth in our experimental model, highlighting the role of NK cells in melanoma surveillance. The alteration of the immune landscape that we observed also correlates with a clear increase of secreted CCL5 and CCL2. In conclusion, this study highlights the role of HIF-1α in controlling the growth and the immune landscape of B16-F10 melanoma. It indicates the opportunity of combining HIF-1α inhibitors with immune checkpoint blockade to extend immune checkpoint blockade efficiency and therapeutic benefit to a larger number of cancer patients
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Baloche, Valentin. "Contributions négatives et positives de la galectine-9 au développement tumoral : étude dans des modèles tumoraux murins syngéniques In the MB49 Murine Model, Genetic Ablation of Galectin-9 Enhances Anti-Tumor Immune Response: Possible Role of a Greater CXCL9/Il-6 Production Tumor Exosomal Micrornas Thwarting Anti-Tumor Immune Responses in Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas Interferon β and Anti-PD1/PD-L1 Checkpoint Blockade Cooperate in NK Cell-Mediated Killing of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells Interferon Beta Increases NK Cell Cytotoxicity against Tumor Cells in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma via Tumor Necrosis Factor Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Emerging Therapeutic Targets for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Opportunities and Challenges Galectin-9 Promotes a Suppressive Microenvironment in Human Cancer by Enhancing STING Degradation." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS117.
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Comme les autres galectines, la galectine-9(gal-9) est une lectine animale qui interagit avec un sous-groupe défini de polysaccharides portés par des glycoprotéines ou des glycolipides. La gal-9 associée aux cellules exerce de multiples fonctions dans le cytoplasme, dans le noyau et à la surface de la membrane plasmique. Quelques publications suggèrent que la gal-9 intra-cellulaire inhibe la mobilité des cellules malignes et exerce un effet antimétastatique. En outre la gal-9 peut être sécrétée dans le milieu extra-cellulaire où elle se comporte comme une cytokine avec des effets principalement immunosuppresseurs. Ces effets ont été mis en évidence dans un contexte tumoral chez l’homme et dans des modèles murins. Cependant, on ne disposait pas jusqu’à présent d’un modèle tumoral murin permettant d’évaluer les effets pro-tumoraux ou antitumoraux de la gal-9 indépendamment de la gal-9 des cellules infiltrantes. Pour résoudre ce problème, nous avons dérivé, en employant la technologie CRISPR/Cas9, des clones isogéniques invalidés ou non pour la gal-9 à partir de 2 lignées tumorales murines : CT26 (fond génétique BALB/c) et MB49 (fond génétique C57BL/6). Dans le cas de la lignée MB49, nous avons pu mettre en évidence un phénotype remarquable in vivo. Lors de transplantations itératives, on assiste pour les tumeurs dérivées des clones invalidées à une réduction drastique de la croissance tumorale au bout de 3 ou 4 passages sur les souris syngéniques mais pas sur les souris immunodéficientes. L’émergence de la réponse immunitaire responsable de cet arrêt de la croissance tumorale a été étudiée par immunohistochimie, dosage de cytokines en multiplex dans les extraits tumoraux et analyse du transtriptome par RNAseq. L’augmentation de la production intra-tumorale d’interféron-γ, de CXCL9 et d’Il-6 semble jouer un rôle important dans le renforcement de la réponse immunitaire contre les tumeurs KO-gal-9Like other galectins, galectin-9 (gal-9) is an animal lectin which interacts with a defined subgroup of glycans carried by glycoproteins or glycolipids. Gal-9 associated with cells performs multiple functions in the cytoplasm, in the nucleus and at the surface of the plasma membrane. Some publications suggest that intracellular gal-9 inhibits the mobility of malignant cells and exerts an anti-metastatic effect. In addition, gal-9 can be secreted into the extracellular medium where it behaves like a cytokine with mainly immunosuppressive effects. These effects have been demonstrated in the context of human tumors and in mouse tumor models. However, so far there was no murine tumor model available to assess the pro-tumor or anti-tumor effet of gal-9 independently of gal-9 produced by infiltrating cells. To address this issue, we derived isogenic clones invalidated or not for gal-9 from 2 murine tumoral lines : CT26 (BABL/c genetic background) and MB49 (C57BL/6 genetic background), using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. In the case of the MB49 line, we were able to demonstrate a remarkable phenotype in vivo. During serial transplantations, we saw, for tumors derived from invalidated clones, a dramatic reduction in tumor growth after 3 or 4 passages in syngenic mice but not in immunodeficient mice. The emergence of the immune response responsible for this arrest of tumor growth was investigated by immunohistochemistry, multiplex cytokine assay in tumor extracts and transcriptome analysis by RNAseq. Increased intra-tumor production of interferon-γ, CXCL9 and Il-6 appears to play an important role in enhancing the immune response against KO-gal-9 tumors
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Ma, Chien-Kang, and 馬建綱. "Identifying Kaohsiung port’s competitiveness priorities and opportunities in response to the emergence of Xiamen port." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46962484925036031905.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
運籌管理所
95
China’s rapid economic growth has brought booming economic growth to the nearby countries. China’s economic growth also increases the total cargo throughput in the ports of South-east Asian countries, especially China itself. The ratio of actual Harbor throughput and designed throughput in 2003 are 1.98, 1.53, 1.96, and 1.77 in Shanghai, Ning Po, Shenzhen and Qingdao respectively. The harbor throughput ratio of Xiamen Port is 0.88. Most of the important costal ports are overloaded but Xiamen Port, locates at the west of Taiwan Strait, still got rooms for containers. In 1996 and 2000, the container flows of Xiamen Port were 4 million TEU and 40 million TEU respectively. In the last decade, the container throughput was a ten-fold increase. It is estimated that the container throughput of Xiamen Port will be 8 million TEU in 2010. Xiamen Port is transforming into a hub port. The inland economic hinterland of Xiamen is limited by its location due to Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangzhou in the south of Xiamen Port and Ning Po and Shanghai in the north. In the present, Xiamen Port is developing international forwarding business in the basis of “developing the forwarding business as the priority of Xiamen Port.” Xiamen Port is doing some beneficiary measures for shipping such as: toll charge and port environment. By promoting Songyu container terminal into operation and to innovate the port clearance supervision model, Xiamen Port aims to build an overall South-east Asia port networking services and trying to bypass part of South-east countries’s transshipping containers. Kaohsiung Port, locates at the west Pacific, is the main pivot port of Taiwan. The container cargo reached 9.77 million TEU in 2006, ranked 6th in the world container port. The handling containers in Kaohsiung consist of import & export containers, transshipped containers and offshore transshipment center. Transshipped containers accounts for about 52% of the total container flow and Kaphsiung Port is the main transshipping center of North-east, South-east Asia and North America. The counterpart ports of offshore transshipment center are Xiamen and Fuzhou ports. The cargo flow of Xiamen port is superior to Fuzhou port. The development of Xiamen port may have impact on the transshipping of Kaohsiung Port and offshore transshipment center container throughput. Facing this trend, what’s the solution for Kaohsiung Port to cope with and that is also the main discussion in the article. By collecting ideas from references, using Analytic Hierarchy Process, constructing facilities and organizations, operating measures, customer services and policy & regulations, applying 22 standards in the responding strategy, conducting surveys to the main shipping managers of Kaohsiung Port and getting the weight and priority by using Expert Choice software, it turned out five important weights: 1. try to increase shippers’ switching cost in Kaohsiung Port such as: to provide rent, operation fee and tariffs in order to strengthen customers loyalty 2. Direct Cross-Strait Transportation can develop the resources and market between Taiwan and China 3. strengthening the operating efficiency in Kaohsiung Port to make the fee more flexible and competitive 4. in accordance with the demands of shippers, to strengthen the interaction with shippers 5. efficiency reform, clearance integration, to combine with Free Trade Zones, bonded area and export processing zone.
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Mendes, Susana Marina Pedrosa. "Promise : promoting youth involvement and social engagement : opportunities and challenges for 'conflicted' young people across Europe : estudo piloto." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/22875.
Full textAbstract:
O presente estudo piloto enquadra-se no projeto “PROMISE” e tem como principais objetivos contribuir para o estudo da adequabilidade da metodologia definida no âmbito do referido projeto, bem como compreender a perspetiva dos jovens relativamente ao abandono escolar, enquanto conflito. Participaram quatro jovens (19 - 24 anos), que vivenciaram o abandono escolar precocemente. Utilizando-se uma metodologia mista, foram recolhidos dados de caracterização dos participantes, fatores de risco e proteção, autoconceito, coping e sintomatologia psicopatológica (questionários); assim como, realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada para aceder à narrativa do jovem acerca do abandono escolar e respetiva resposta. Os resultados sugerem que o protocolo de recolha de dados adequa-se às especificidades da população-alvo e que o abandono escolar não é sempre entendido como um conflito. No momento do abandono, a presença de um ou vários fatores de risco e de proteção parecem ter impacto nesse acontecimento e na forma como é percecionado. No momento atual, os resultados sugerem a importância da relação entre características individuais (e.g., autoconceito, coping e sintomatologia psicopatológica), fatores de risco e proteção, para o entendimento que os jovens têm relativamente ao abandono escolar, realçando-se a importância de uma abordagem multidimensional.The present pilot study, is part of the project entitled “PROMISE” and aims to contribute to the study of the suitability of the methodology defined in the scope of this project; and to understand the youth perspective on school early leaving as a conflict. In the study, participated four youth (19 -24 years old), who experienced early school leaving. Using a mixed methodology, data was collected regarding participants' sociodemographic characterization, risk and protection factors, self-concept, coping and psychopathological symptoms (through questionnaires); and a semi-structured interview was conducted in order to access youth perceptions about early school leaving and their response to this conflict. Results evidence that data collection protocol fits to the target population, and early school leaving is not always seen as a conflict. The presence of one or more risk and protective factors, in the moment of the school leaving, are indicated to have impact in its occurrence and in youth understanding of it. Results, regarding the current moment, suggest the importance of the relation between youth individual characteristics (e.g., self-concept, coping, and psychological symptoms) and risk and protective factors to their understanding of early school leaving, highlighting the importance of a multidimensional perspective.
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Oliveira, José Carlos Seixas dos Santos. "Gestão dos riscos em projetos de construção." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/25897.
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Dissertação de mestrado em Construção e Reabilitação SustentávelComo materializar uma ideia, com base em planos e respeitando limites de custo e prazo? Sem desprezo pelas restantes variáveis, estas tem sido as principais preocupações de quem tem a obrigação de o conseguir. Desde sempre, os grandes construções das civilizações Maia, Egípcia, Romana e outras, foram conseguidas tendo como fonte uma inesgotável disponibilidade de recursos humanos (essencialmente mão-de-obra escrava), económico (pilhagens das guerras, comercio, impostos...), que permitiam consagrar grandes projetos a grandes ideias de inspiração religiosa, administrativa, militar, económica... Porém, a evolução e a limitação dos recursos reclama a otimização dos processos. Assim, torna-se imperioso que os recursos consumidos para a execução dos projetos sejam aplicados de uma forma racional, procurando sempre o difícil equilíbrio entre os objetivos do projeto e a sua execução física, tendo em conta a disponibilidade de recursos consignados. Os fatores que contribuem, positivamente ou negativamente, para a concretização dos objetivos do projeto, são chamados Riscos, que podem ser intrínsecos ao próprio projeto (variáveis internas) ou extrínsecas ao mesmo (variáveis externas). A partir da necessidade de gerir as variáveis externas e internas a um projeto, nasce a Gestão de Projetos. Não é mais do que a reunião de um conjunto de procedimentos e conceitos, suportados por conhecimentos existentes organizados, otimizados e aplicados às necessidades de controlo do projeto, que emergem durante o seu ciclo de vida. Uma das áreas da Gestão de Projetos, é a Gestão dos Riscos. A aplicação desse conhecimento à Gestão dos Projetos é tão justificável, quanto o entender que o sucesso de um projeto está dependente da forma como são geridas as variáveis que, inevitavelmente, condicionam o seu resultado. Como controlar os efeitos dessas variáveis, sobre os objetivos do projeto? Adotando uma metodologia de Gestão do Risco, adequada ao projeto em causa, de modo a permitir gerir esses fatores, quer na sua origem (probabilidade de ocorrência) quer no seu efeito (impacto) sobre os objetivos do projeto. A gestão dessas variáveis, é conhecida como Gestão dos Riscos. Não controlar os riscos de um projeto, é meio caminho andado para o seu insucesso. Há que contar com eles, geri-los seja para minimizar os seus efeitos (ameaças), seja para os potenciar (oportunidades). Não há projetos sem riscos, assim como não haverá sucesso, ignorando-os. Saber geri-los, em conjunto com os restantes procedimentos que dão corpo à Gestão dos Projetos, é uma tarefa indispensável e incontornável pois a sua transversalidade quer ao ciclo de vida do projeto quer aos próprios procedimentos da Gestão dos Projetos, faz dele mais do que uma necessidade, é um mecanismo de presença constante, sob a forma de vigilância, antecipação, preparação e ação.
How to make an idea come true based on plans, and respecting time and budget limits? With no despise for all the other project variables, these have been the main worries of who has the obligation to achieve it. Ever since the biggest project constructions from the Maya, Egyptian, Roman and other ancient civilizations, were attained thanks to an endless availability source of human resources (most of them slaves who worked as labours), economic resources (war pillages, trade, taxes…), which allowed to accomplish great projects, coupled with great inspiring ideas based on religious faith, economic needs, administrative organization, military goals… However, the human and social evolution, as resources restrictions as well, have demanded for processes optimizations. Consequently, that kind of restriction requires for rational resources consumption, used for project goals achievement, given their growing unavailability and, therefore, its cost. The reasons that may influence, negatively or positively, all project goals success, are called Risks, which can come up from inside or outside the project itself. From the need to manage the internal and external variables of a project, we got the Project Management. It is not more than a set of procedures and concepts, supported by existing organized knowledge, optimized and used for project management needs, during his life cycle. One of the Project Management knowledge area, is the Risk Management. The use of this knowledge area, in the Project Management is as correct, as understanding that a project success depends on how variables are, or are not, successfully managed, which inevitably impact the result. How to control, those variables effects, on project goals? Using a Risk Management methodology, appropriate for the project demands, so that allows to manage those issues, whether on their origin (event likelihood) or over his effect (impact) on project goals. This event management is known as Risk Management. Not controlling project risks is half way for his unsuccessful end. They exist, are part of the project, and should be taken into account, managing them whether to minimize their effects (threats), and/or to empower them (opportunities). There are no projects without risks, as there will be no success, ignoring them. Knowing how to manage Risks, together with all the other procedures, which are part of the Project Management body, is indispensable and plays a required role, for its importance and permanent use, during project life cycle or all the Project Management areas. Therefore, that makes of it more than a need, it is a framework that is always being used, on a monitoring way, predicting his likelihood and impact, preparing the response and acting instead of reacting.