Academic literature on the topic 'Opportunity Zone Program'
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Journal articles on the topic "Opportunity Zone Program"
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Barnes, Philip M., Laura M. Wallace, Demian M. Saffer, et al. "Slow slip source characterized by lithological and geometric heterogeneity." Science Advances 6, no. 13 (2020): eaay3314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay3314.
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Slow slip events (SSEs) accommodate a significant proportion of tectonic plate motion at subduction zones, yet little is known about the faults that actually host them. The shallow depth (<2 km) of well-documented SSEs at the Hikurangi subduction zone offshore New Zealand offers a unique opportunity to link geophysical imaging of the subduction zone with direct access to incoming material that represents the megathrust fault rocks hosting slow slip. Two recent International Ocean Discovery Program Expeditions sampled this incoming material before it is entrained immediately down-dip along the shallow plate interface. Drilling results, tied to regional seismic reflection images, reveal heterogeneous lithologies with highly variable physical properties entering the SSE source region. These observations suggest that SSEs and associated slow earthquake phenomena are promoted by lithological, mechanical, and frictional heterogeneity within the fault zone, enhanced by geometric complexity associated with subduction of rough crust.
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Gotham, Kevin Fox. "Dilemmas of Disaster Zones: Tax Incentives and Business Reinvestment in the Gulf Coast after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita." City & Community 12, no. 4 (2013): 291–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12048.
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Over the last decade, the U.S. federal government has increasingly turned to spatially targeted tax incentives to promote postdisaster revitalization. The logic behind this policy orientation is that targeting public subsidies to particular disaster zones will speed community recovery and encourage business reinvestment. To evaluate this claim, this paper uses the case of the Gulf Opportunity (GO) Zone of 2005 that provided tax incentives to businesses in the Gulf Coast area affected by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita from 2006 through December 2011. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative data, I find that damage was not a consistently significant determinant of GO Zone bond allocation at the parish level. Rather, GO Zone bonds were mainly allocated in low–damage areas and underutilized in New Orleans and heavily damaged areas. Though policy makers designed the program to stimulate small business recovery, GO Zone benefits went to large businesses located in areas least damaged by the hurricanes. Overall, the allocation of bonds using a first–come, first–served strategy combined with the huge size of the GO Zone reduced the effectiveness of the incentives offered and reinforced the disincentives for locating business and investment in disaster–devastated areas.
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Palpacuer-Lee, Christelle, Jessie Hutchison Curtis, and Mary E. Curran. "Stories of engagement: Pre-service language teachers negotiate intercultural citizenship in a community-based English language program." Language Teaching Research 22, no. 5 (2018): 590–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362168817718578.
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The position statement on global competence by the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) emphasizes the need for increased participation ‘in multilingual communities at home and abroad’, and for deeper engagement with languages and cultures (ACTFL, 2014). In response, language teacher preparation programs have sought to increase opportunities for ‘cosmopolitan practice’ (Canagarajah, 2013; Guilherme, 2007). Employing Byram’s (2008) construct of intercultural citizenship, this article explores the potential of service-learning, a sub-set of experiential learning, as such an opportunity. Several studies have established the positive impact of service-learning on teachers’ cultural awareness, yet contact among communities does not necessarily result in engagement (De Leon, 2014; Haddix, 2015). This qualitative study explores the reported experiences of thirty pre-service language teachers and ten linguistically diverse families who participated in an English-focused service-learning project. The analysis outlines how pre-service teachers negotiate intercultural encounters in this program, which we view as a ‘contact zone’ (Pratt, 1991), a zone of possibilities for engagement, leading to action. We discuss the extent to which emerging intercultural citizenship experiences can be transformative (Byram, 2008), and suggest implications for practice.
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Bharadwaj, Nipjyoti, Praveen Edara, and Carlos Sun. "Risk Factors in Work Zone Safety Events: A Naturalistic Driving Study Analysis." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 1 (2019): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118821630.
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Identification of crash risk factors and enhancing safety at work zones is a major priority for transportation agencies. There is a critical need for collecting comprehensive data related to work zone safety. The naturalistic driving study (NDS) data offers a rare opportunity for a first-hand view of crashes and near-crashes (CNC) that occur in and around work zones. NDS includes information related to driver behavior and various non-driving related tasks performed while driving. Thus, the impact of driver behavior on crash risk along with infrastructure and traffic variables can be assessed. This study: (1) investigated risk factors associated with safety critical events occurring in a work zone; (2) developed a binary logistic regression model to estimate crash risk in work zones; and (3) quantified risk for different factors using matched case-control design and odds ratios (OR). The predictive ability of the model was evaluated by developing receiver operating characteristic curves for training and validation datasets. The results indicate that performing a non-driving related secondary task for more than 6 seconds increases the CNC risk by 5.46 times. Driver inattention was found to be the most critical behavioral factor contributing to CNC risk with an odds ratio of 29.06. In addition, traffic conditions corresponding to Level of Service (LOS) D exhibited the highest level of CNC risk in work zones. This study represents one of the first efforts to closely examine work zone events in the Transportation Research Board’s second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) NDS data to better understand factors contributing to increased crash risk in work zones.
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Apriani, Eka, Sakut Anshori, and Sarwo Edy. "Eksistensi English Zone Sebagai Media Penerapan Kemampuan Berbahasa Inggris Mahasiswa Program Studi Tadris Bahasa Inggris IAIN CURUP." Cendekia: Jurnal Kependidikan Dan Kemasyarakatan 17, no. 2 (2019): 317–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21154/cendekia.v17i2.1531.
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Abstract: English zone is a place where the students of English Education Study Programs can improve their English skills. The implementation of the English Zone (EZ) in the Tadris of English Study Program has been running for five years. However, this program has not been evaluated yet. Based on the explanation above, the purpose of this research is to find out the effectiveness of the implementation of ZE for English students. This research used a quantitative approach. The data collection techniques were tests and questionnaires. The finding showed that: (1) speaking skills significantly increased with a value of 74.12 or 11.56%, (2) in implementing English Zone, there were many problems faced by the students, such as the opportunity limitation for the students to talk, difficulty in finding speaking partners, students’ embarrassment in starting conversation, attachment to the grammatical rules, eagerness to speak English since only a few lecturers who consistently speak English and the lack of penalty for those who break the rules.ملخص: منطقة اللغة الإنجليزية هي مكان يمكن أن يستخدمه طلاب برامج دراسة تعليم اللغة الإنجليزية لتحسين مهاراتهم في اللغة الإنجليزية. استمر تنفيذ منطقة اللغة الإنجليزية في قسم تدريس اللغة الإنجليزية لمدة خمس سنوات. ولكن حتى الآن، لم يتم تقييم هذا البرنامج. من الشرح المذكور، فإن الغرض من هذا البحث هو معرفة مدى فاعليته. لذلك، استخدم هذا البحث المدخل الكمّي، أما تقنيات جمع البيانات فهي الاختبارات والاستبيانات. تبين النتيجة أن: (1) زادت مهارات الكلام أكثر بنتيجة 74.12 أو 11.56%، (2) هناك العديد من المشكلات التي يواجهها الطلاب عند تطبيق منطقة اللغة الإنجليزية، مثل أن فرصة الكلام للطلاب محدودة، حيث يواجه الطلاب صعوبة في بحث الشركاء للمحادثة، ويشعر الطلاب بالحياء عندما بدء المحادثة، ويكون الطلاب مرتبطون جدًا بالقواعد، ويتحدث الطلاب باللغة الإنجليزية عندما يكون هناك محاضرون فقط، ويقلّ من المحاضرين الذين يتحدثون الإنجليزية باستمرار، ولا توجد عقوبة للطلاب الذين يخالفون النظام.
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Sherchan, R., K. Rijal, and S. B. Bajracharya. "Contribution of buffer zone and community forest programme in household income at Laharepauwa of Rasuwa and Tupche of Nuwakot, Nepal." Nepal Journal of Environmental Science 3 (December 7, 2015): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njes.v3i0.22729.
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Historically, Nepal government has been adequately innovative to experiment new conservation and forestry models. The most marked policy shift was the Buffer Zone Management Regulation (1996) which provisioned for buffer zones and 30-50% revenue sharing with local institutions. Similarly, community forestry, which evolved in mid-70s’ has been innovative approach benefiting millions of forest users. The present study attempted to compare buffer zone and community forestry programmes in terms of economic benefits they bring to the local households. Altogether, 274 households were interviewed. Consultation meeting was organized with Langtang National Park office and District Forest Office, Nuwakot. Similarly, key informant interview was carried out with forest guards and key representatives of user’s groups. The most prevalent sources of incomes were agriculture and livestock. The result shows 92.4% households collected forest resources and derived a seasonal income from NTFP in Laharepauwa. The total and mean (HH/year) incomes calculated were respectively US$ 202,209 and US$ 1,395 for Laharepauwa and; US$ 304,316 and US$ 2,359 for Tupche. However, a share of buffer zone and community forest programme are only 4% and 7% respectively. Buffer Zone program saved 2,351 working days annually or opportunity cost worth US$ 11,198. Likewise, Community Forestry programme saved forest collection times worth US$ 16,586.4. The study concludes that direct benefits of these programmes are not significant but indirect benefit by saving resources collection time is substantial. It is imperative to interpret result cautiously as poverty is multidimensional phenomenon and current study didn’t consider the capabilities of communities to cope poverty.
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KOLCHUNOV, Vl I., A. I. DEMYANOV, and M. M. MIHAILOV. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES WITH CROSS-SHAPED SPATIAL CRACK UNDER TORSION WITH BENDING." Building and reconstruction 92, no. 6 (2020): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7416-2020-92-6-13-25.
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The article offers a method and program for experimental studies of reinforced concrete structures with cross-shaped spatial crack under torsion with bending, the main purpose of which is to check the design assumptions and experimental determination of the design parameters of the proposed calculation method. The conducted experimental studies provide an opportunity to test the proposed calculation apparatus and clarify the regularities for determining deflections, angles of rotation of extreme sections, and stresses in the compressed zone of concrete. For analysis, the article presents a typical experimental scheme for the formation and development of cracks in the form of a sweep, as well as characteristic graphs of the dependence of the angles of rotation of end sections.
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Tinungki, Georgina Maria. "ZONE PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT GIVES A NEW MEANING TO THE STUDENTS’ INTELLIGENCE IN STATISTICAL METHOD LESSON." Journal of Honai Math 2, no. 2 (2019): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30862/jhm.v2i2.69.
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Development of Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) a learner needs guidance, help from adults or peers with a higher skill set in order of achieve a higher level of development. The level of knowledge or gradual knowledge is called by Vygotsky as scaffolding. Scaffolding means giving learners helps during the early stages of learning, then reducing the quantity of help and giving the learner opportunity to immediately take on the greater responsibility, after being able to do tasks on their own. One in the statistics Lesson program is Statistical Method, which requires high-level thinking since the students are hoped to be able to analyze statistics inference. In this case, students need help during the learning process in order to understand the concept of Statistical Method material optimally. The help could be in the form of guidance, encouragement, outlining problems into other forms that enable students to be independent. By implementing the ZPD process in the form of scaffolding stage, students are able to understand concepts of Statistical Method material optimally.
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Gorgone, Robert G. "Improving Overhaul Planning Through Risk Assessment and Risk Management." Journal of Ship Production 8, no. 04 (1992): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1992.8.4.235.
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The execution of the overhaul of U.S. naval vessels at a public shipyard is fraught with risk. Far too often the work authorization process is constrained by a limited budget. This situation can result in two common outcomes:The shipyard delivers a ship to the customer that has significant repair work either deferred or incomplete.The deferred or incomplete work is screened back to the shipyard late in the overhaul, forcing an upheaval in the logical planning and execution of the availability. Risk affects both the shipyard and ship's force because the completion of the overhaul could be affected by late authorized work resulting in the ship not being able to meet her commitments. As Philadelphia Naval Shipyard (PNSV) is an industry leader in Zone or Group Technology execution methods, it is particularly disruptive to work flow to return to geographic areas and perform work in an area out of phase—or even worse—in an area where similar work is already complete. With the innovation of Zone Technology, it was clear that a consistent and effective risk assessment method must be developed to determine the probability of equipment failure during the testing phase of the overhaul and the impact on cost and schedule to the overhaul. The USS Kidd (DD-963) scheduled availability in 1989 proved to be the ideal opportunity to develop and execute a formal risk assessment and management program. The USS Constellation (CV-64) SLEP availability in 1990 afforded the opportunity to refine and expand the risk assessment methodology.
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Ibrahim, Shewkar, and Tarek Sayed. "Use of Objective Safety Evidence to Deploy Automated Enforcement Resources." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 10 (2019): 726–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119851447.
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Automated enforcement programs have been an important tool for improving traffic safety. Previous work provides strong evidence supporting the impact that these programs have on increasing safety either on a micro-level (e.g., road segments), or at a macro-level (e.g., neighborhood, city). In both cases, there are many variables that can influence and affect the safety impacts of the enforcement program. Additionally, there is a lack of understanding of how specific deployment parameters (e.g., how often to visit an enforcement site) can influence the overall safety on a macro-level (e.g., traffic analysis zone). The objective of this study is to quantify the impact that automated enforcement has on collisions on a macro-level as well as to develop models that would provide enforcement authorities with an empirical tool to help plan their deployment strategy. The results show that an increase in the number of tickets issued for exceeding the speed limit resulted in a decrease in collisions, for all collision severities. Moreover, the results also showed that collision reductions were also associated with spending a longer time enforcing a site for each visit. Quantifying these safety impacts supports decision makers by providing them with an opportunity to analyze the safety benefits in relation to their deployment strategy to maximize the efficiency of their resources.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Opportunity Zone Program"
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Carabello, Damian Anthony. "Koz-ez's of good intention An analysis of the effectiveness, outcomes, & legislative intent of Pennsylvania's keystone opportunity zone & expansion zone programs /." Instructions for remote access, 2009. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 2009.<br>Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 47-05, page: 2639. Adviser: Paula A. Holoviak. Includes supplementary digital materials.
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Brooks, Matthew M. "Countering depopulation in Kansas: understanding perceptions of rural life and the effectiveness of the Rural Opportunity Zone Program." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35496.
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Master of Arts<br>Department of Geography<br>Max Lu<br>Many rural areas throughout the Great Plains and Midwest have been affected by a “brain drain,” or the outward migration of highly trained or well-educated people. This hurts many facets of rural communities, including local schools, economies, and available services. In response to a negative outlook for rural areas, in 2012 the State of Kansas implemented the Rural Opportunity Zone (ROZ) Program to encourage young, college-educated adults to move to rural counties. The ROZ program provides tax waivers and student loan repayments to those willing to relocate to participating counties. This research looks at what influences young educated adults to participate in the program as well as how the ROZ’s financial benefits potentially outweigh the drawbacks associated with rural life. The research employed a survey of Kansas State University students as well as interviews with local economic development officials who manage the program. Survey results reveal that even though the majority of students have a stated rural preference most do not view themselves as likely to participate in the program. Despite student interest in the program benefits most view the lack of services and employment opportunities in rural Kansas to be too much of a drawback. County officials expressed similar feelings. Interviews revealed that, though the program primarily benefits those though were already intending to live in a rural area, the program rarely attracts newcomers. In addition, the program is poorly funded in many areas and the lack of affordable housing or high paying jobs limits population growth in a way that the benefits of the ROZ cannot outweigh. Findings from this research will allow communities to make changes that build upon their attributes as well as limit their undesirable characteristics. This research also highlights the need for changes to be made by the State of Kansas concerning the program’s benefits and awareness.
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Miller, Logan. "California, the Land of Opportunity Zones: Using the Real Estate Market to Evaluate a New Tax Program." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2013.
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This study uses real estate data and a distress index to test the success of the “Opportunity Zone” program in California. Part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act that was passed on December 22, 2017, this program offers sizable tax incentives to investors who reinvest their capital gains into distressed neighborhoods across the country. I analyze changes in home values and monthly rents to determine if designated opportunity zones have seen increased investment as a result of the program. Additionally, I use a distress index to examine whether this tax program has merely encouraged investment into already- gentrifying areas or if its benefits have extended to the most distressed and low-income communities. My study concludes that within California, opportunity zone real estate has successfully seen a boost in investment and that this increased investment has extended to even the most distressed areas in the state.
Books on the topic "Opportunity Zone Program"
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Pennsylvania. General Assembly. Legislative Budget and Finance Committee. An evaluation of the Keystone Opportunity Zone (KOZ) Program: As required by House Resolution 115 of 2007. Pennsylvania Legislative Budget and Finance Committee, 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Opportunity Zone Program"
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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation." In Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, edited by David O. Kelch, Fred L. Snyder, and Jeffrey M. Reutter. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch25.
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<em>Abstract</em> .—From 1984 to 1989, artificial reefs were constructed at two locations in central Lake Erie by Ohio State University’s Sea Grant College Program. The goals of the construction projects were to improve sportfishing opportunity in nearshore waters, evaluate the effectiveness of reefs as fish-concentration devices, and eventually assist other coastal communities in developing artificial reef programs. From 1992 to 1995, we conducted evaluations to assess the effectiveness of these artificial reefs as sport fish attractors and to establish their value in sport fishery enhancement projects. Underwater VHS video was used by scuba divers to identify and enumerate fish at both artificial reef sites and at adjacent nonreef control sites. Observation dives were done monthly, weather permitting, from May through October each year. <EM>T</EM> -tests were used to determine seasonal differences in fish abundance between the reef and control sites. At both sites, total seasonal numbers of fish were significantly higher (20–50 times more) at the reef site than the control site (p = 0.05). Smallmouth bass <em>Micropterus dolomieu </em> were the dominant species at both reef sites, comprising over 80% of the observations during most months. Total seasonal numbers of smallmouth bass were also higher during spring and fall than in midsummer, suggesting seasonal patterns and preferences for artificial structure. We conclude that, when properly planned and located, artificial reefs would provide beneficial fish habitat along most of Lake Erie’s nearshore zone and may have application Great Lakes-wide.
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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation." In Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, edited by David O. Kelch, Fred L. Snyder, and Jeffrey M. Reutter. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch25.
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<em>Abstract</em> .—From 1984 to 1989, artificial reefs were constructed at two locations in central Lake Erie by Ohio State University’s Sea Grant College Program. The goals of the construction projects were to improve sportfishing opportunity in nearshore waters, evaluate the effectiveness of reefs as fish-concentration devices, and eventually assist other coastal communities in developing artificial reef programs. From 1992 to 1995, we conducted evaluations to assess the effectiveness of these artificial reefs as sport fish attractors and to establish their value in sport fishery enhancement projects. Underwater VHS video was used by scuba divers to identify and enumerate fish at both artificial reef sites and at adjacent nonreef control sites. Observation dives were done monthly, weather permitting, from May through October each year. <EM>T</EM> -tests were used to determine seasonal differences in fish abundance between the reef and control sites. At both sites, total seasonal numbers of fish were significantly higher (20–50 times more) at the reef site than the control site (p = 0.05). Smallmouth bass <em>Micropterus dolomieu </em> were the dominant species at both reef sites, comprising over 80% of the observations during most months. Total seasonal numbers of smallmouth bass were also higher during spring and fall than in midsummer, suggesting seasonal patterns and preferences for artificial structure. We conclude that, when properly planned and located, artificial reefs would provide beneficial fish habitat along most of Lake Erie’s nearshore zone and may have application Great Lakes-wide.
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Gadzama, Njidda M. "North East Arid Zone Development Programme: Diaspora partnership opportunity in research and development in the Sahel of Nigeria." In Diaspora. WASD, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.47556/b.diaspora2016.12.
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Bohlman, Andrea F. "Silence." In Musical Solidarities. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190938284.003.0003.
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This chapter offers a history of martial law (1981–84) in Poland to argue that music was a mode of civil resilience as well as a crucial means of conveying information and writing histories from below. The declaration of martial law brought about economic hardship and the curtailment of civil liberties, but also stimulated music making in three zones: public streets, church sanctuaries and private homes, and internment camps/prisons. This chapter revisits oral histories and diaries from the time to rehear the interplay between singing and military sounds during protests against the declaration. Experimental scores, concert programs, and observational songs played in domestic salons complicate the assumption that martial law effected a cultural hold—a metaphorical silence. The material culture of music in detention reveals that song—religious hymns, ballads, and legion songs—provided internees and prisoners the opportunity to reclaim authorship over their own histories.
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Lekakos, George, and Konstantinos Chorianopoulos. "Personalized Advertising Methods in Digital Interactive Television." In Encyclopedia of Multimedia Technology and Networking, Second Edition. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-014-1.ch155.
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The ability to deliver personalized advertising messages has long been a major objective in marketing since it allows marketers to meet heterogeneous consumer needs and target their messages more effectively (Arens & Bovee, 1994). However, traditional one-to-many marketing approaches applied in mass media suffer from their inability to meet this objective (Dibb, 1998; Hoffman & Novak, 1997). In order to increase the efficiency of their strategy, marketers identify homogeneous groups of consumers (market segmentation) which they target according to their marketing objectives. Thus, market segmentation has become the most important marketing tool for targeting purposes (McBurnie & Clutterbuck, 1998), also utilized in the TV advertising domain in conjunction with domain-specific features such as time zones and/or program typologies. However, this strategy has admittedly little to offer towards the ultimate goal of one-to-one communication, since the targeted unit is the segment rather than the individual consumer, and therefore individual needs cannot be satisfied. In the broadcasting television advertising domain, media coverage either exceeds the targeted market segment or leaves potential customers without exposure to the message, thus reducing its cost effectiveness (Belch & Belch, 1995). At the same time, TV viewers have to deal with a vast amount of available advertising information. The issue of information overload, typical in information theoretic terms, is also experienced in the case of TV advertisements as advertising clutter, which has been identified as one of the significant factors associated with the negative attitude of viewers towards advertising and can have a negative impact on television advertisement recall or recognition (Mord & Gilson, 1985). Relevant surveys reveal that 80% of the viewers feel that there is “too much advertising in television” (Elliott & Speck, 1998), while more than 75% of consumers are not happy with the broadcasted advertisements (Hawkins, Best, & Coney, 1998 ). Current target marketing methods are limited in their ability to efficiently target consumers at the individual level, particularly in mass media such as television. Thus, personalization of advertisements provides marketers with the opportunity to increase advertising effectiveness by targeting consumers who are most likely to respond positively to the advertising message. The present article investigates appropriate personalization methods for the domain of digital television advertisements by examining relevant methods utilized for personalized Web applications. In addition, it is concerned with the design of the interactive elements of a typical 30-second advertisement in support of the personalization process. The two objectives of this article are interrelated: the selection of a personalization technique affects the design of interactive advertisements since it indicates the type of interaction data that should be collected in order to enable personalization. The next section of this article opens up the discussion on personalization from a theoretical point of view and in the following section specific personalization techniques are compared. Next, the types of interaction data required to achieve personalization are discussed and the article concludes with further discussion and conclusions.
Conference papers on the topic "Opportunity Zone Program"
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Stuttaford, Peter, Hany Rizkalla, Khalid Oumejjoud, et al. "FlameSheet™ Combustor Engine and Rig Validation for Operational and Fuel Flexibility With Low Emissions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56696.
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Flexibility is key to the future success of natural gas fired power generation. As renewable energy becomes more widely used, the need for reliable, flexible generation will increase. As such, gas turbines capable of operating efficiently and in emissions compliance from extended low load to full load will have a significant advantage. A wider range of gas fuels, including shale gas and refinery/industrial byproduct gas, is becoming increasingly available, with the opportunity to further reduce the cost of electricity. A combustion system capable of operating with wider ranges of heavy hydrocarbons, hydrogen and inerts will have an advantage to accommodate the future fuel gas trends and provide value to gas turbine operators. The FlameSheet™ combustor incorporates a novel dual zone burn system to address operational and fuel flexibility. It provides low emissions, extended turndown and fuel flexibility. FlameSheetTM is simply retrofittable into existing installed E/F-class heavy duty gas turbines and is designed to meet the energy market drivers set forth above. The operating principle of the new combustor is described, and details of a full scale high pressure rig test and engine validation program are discussed, providing insight on rig and engine emissions, as well as combustion dynamics performance. The FlameSheetTM implementation and validation results on a General Electric 7FA heavy duty gas turbine operating in a combined cycle power plant is discussed with emphasis on operational profile optimization to accommodate the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), while substantially increasing the gas turbine normal operating load range.
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Pecora, Rosario. "Multi-Modal Morphing Wing Flaps for Next Generation Green Regional Aircraft: The CleanSky Challenge." In ASME 2018 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2018-8108.
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Regional aviation is an innovation driven sector of paramount importance for the European Union economy. Large resources and efforts are currently spent through the CleanSky program for the development of an efficient air transport system characterized by a lower environmental impact and unequalled capabilities of ensuring safe and seamless mobility while complying with very demanding technological requirements. The Green Regional Aircraft (GRA) panel, active from 2006, aims to mature, validate and demonstrate green aeronautical technologies best fitting the regional aircraft that will fly from 2020 onwards with reference to specific and challenging domains: from advanced low-weight and high performance structures up to all-electric systems and bleed-less engine architectures, from low noise/high efficiency aerodynamic up to environmentally optimized missions and trajectories management. The development of such technologies addresses two different aircraft concepts, identified by two seat classes, 90-pax with Turboprop (TP) engine and 130-pax, in combination with advanced propulsion solutions, namely, the Geared Turbofan (GTF), the Advanced Turbofan (ATF) and the Open Rotor (OR) configuration. Within the framework of the Clean Sky program, and along nearly 10 years of research, the design and technological demonstration of a novel wing flap architecture was addressed. Research activities aimed at demonstrating the industrial feasibility of a morphing architecture enabling flap camber variation in compliance with the demanding safety requirements applicable to the next generation GRA in both open rotor and turboprop configurations. The driving motivation was found in the opportunity to replace a conventional double slotted flap with a single slotted morphing flap assuring improved high lift performances — in terms of maximum attainable lift coefficient and stall angle — while lowering emitted noise, fuel-burnt and deployment system complexity. Additional functionalities for load control and alleviation were then considered and enabled by a smart architecture allowing for an independent shape-control of the flap tip region during cruise. The entire process moving from concept definition up to the experimental qualification of true scale prototypes, characterized by global and multi-zone differential morphing capabilities, is here described with specific emphasis on the adopted design philosophy and implemented technological solutions. Paths to improvements are finally outlined in perspective of a low-term item certification and series production.
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Raymond, Jérémie, Jean-Marie Finot, Jean-Michel Kobus, Gérard Delhommeau, Patrick Queutey, and Aurélien Drouet. "On the choice of CFD codes in the design process of planing sailing yachts." In SNAME 19th Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium. SNAME, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/csys-2009-004.
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The discussion is based on results gathered during the first two years of a 3 years research program for the benefits of Groupe Finot-Conq, Naval Architects. The introduction presents the objectives of the program: Setting up a practical method using numerical and experimental available tools to design fast planing sailing yachts. The aim of this paper is to compare advantages and disadvantages of four different kinds of CFD codes which are linear and non-linear potential flow approach, RANSE solver using finite differences method and RANSE solver using volume of fluid method. The Fluid Mechanics Laboratory of the Ecole Centrale de Nantes (France) has developed those three approaches so those homemade codes will be used for this study. The first one is REVA, a potential flow code with a linearised free surface condition. ICARE is a RANSE solver using finite differences method with a non linear free surface condition. It is extensively used for industrial projects as for sailing yachts projects (ACC for example). ISIS-CFD is a RANSE solver using finite volume method to build the spatial discretization of the transport equations with unstructured mesh. The latter is able to compute sprays for fast planing ships but is also the slower in terms of CPU time. In addition, we had the opportunity to test FS-FLOW which is a potential flow code with a non linear free surface condition distributed by FRIENDSHIP CONSULTING. Numerical results for the four codes are compared with the other codes' results as with tank tests data. Those tank tests were made using captive model test technique on two Open60' models. Reasons of the choice of the captive model technique are explained and experimental procedures are briefly described. Comparisons between codes are mainly based on the easiness of use, the cost in CPU time and the confidence we can have in the results as a function of the boat speed. Flow visualizations, pressure maps, free surface deformation are shown and compared. Analysis of local quantities integrated or by zone is also presented. Results are analyzed focusing on the ability of each code to represent flow dynamics for every speed with a special attention to high speeds. The practical question raised is to know which kind of answers each code can bring in terms of tendencies evaluation or sensitivity to hull geometry modifications. The main goal is to be able to judge if those codes are able to make reliable and consistent comparisons of different designs. Conclusion is that none of the codes is perfect and gather all the advantages. It is still difficult to propose a definitive methodology to estimate hydrodynamic performances at every speed and at every stage of the design process. Knowing each code limitations, it appears more coherent to use each of them at different stages of the design process: the quickest and less reliable to understand the main tendencies and the longest and more precise to validate the final options.
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Tucker, Paul, Simon Eastwood, Christian Klostermeier, Richard Jefferson-Loveday, James Tyacke, and Yan Liu. "Hybrid LES Approach for Practical Turbomachinery Flows: Part 1—Hierarchy and Example Simulations." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23431.
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Unlike Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) models which need calibration for different flow classes, LES (where larger turbulent structures are resolved by the grid and smaller modeled in a fashion reminiscent of RANS) offers the opportunity to resolve geometry dependent turbulence as found in complex internal flows — albeit at substantially higher computational cost. Based on the results for a broad range of studies involving different numerical schemes, LES models and grid topologies an LES hierarchy and hybrid LES related approach is proposed. With the latter, away from walls, no LES model is used, giving what can be termed Numerical LES (NLES). This is relatively computationally efficient and makes use of the dissipation present in practical industrial CFD programs. Near walls, RANS modeling is used to cover over numerous small structures, the LES resolution of which is generally intractable with current computational power. The linking of the RANS and NLES zones through a Hamilton-Jacobi equation is advocated. The RANS-NLES hybridization makes further sense for compressible flow solvers, where, as the Mach number tends to zero at walls, excessive dissipation can occur. The hybrid strategy is used to predict flow over a rib roughened surface and a jet impinging on a convex surface. These cases are important for blade cooling and show encouraging results. Further results are presented in a companion paper.
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Slee, Adam J., John Stobbart, David T. Gethin, and Stephen J. Hardy. "Case Study on a Complex Seal Design for a High Pressure Vessel Application." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-29103.
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The results from a project to investigate the design and optimisation of a metallic seal ring as part of an end cap for a 140 tonne pressure vessel are presented. A vessel loading condition of 4483 bar (65,000 psi) internal pressure was stipulated. The design of a metallic seal of 762 mm (30″) bore diameter provided a challenging task, due to the extremely high pressure application. A detailed Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was carried out to evaluate a proposed seal and the initial conclusion was that it required complete re-design. In this work, analysis and interpretation were used to establish the modelling method for the seal. The FEA model that was developed for seal optimisation contained elasto-plastic material response, frictional contact modelling and advanced pressure field application. To maintain sealing contact pressure, the seal has to overcome differential radial deflections between the vessel and the end cap during pressure loading. The optimisation process developed a novel profiled seal contact that reduced contact stresses by 48%. This eliminated seat damage occurring during pressure loadings, whilst maintaining an adequate contact pressure ratio during a complete loading cycle. Structural deformations cause the seal contact point to shift, providing the opportunity for liquid to penetrate up to the contact point. Limitations were recognised within the FE software, which allowed unidirectional pressure penetration only. To overcome this limitation, a bespoke user subroutine was written to revise the contact algorithms within the Abaqus FE program. This enabled the model to capture ‘contact pressure zones’ to correctly progress by opening and (for the first time) close in response to seal and seat deflections.
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Elizondo, Hazel A., Bereket Lebassi, and Jorge E. Gonzalez-Cruz. "Modeling and Validation of Building Thermal Performance of the 2007 Santa Clara University Solar Decathlon House." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54044.
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Sustainability is an issue of great importance in the building and energy sectors. In the United States, about 40% of total energy use is in buildings, 30% of raw materials are used in buildings, 30% of waste outputs come from buildings, 30% of greenhouse gas emissions are attributed to buildings, and 12% of potable water consumption occurs in buildings. Thus, there is a great necessity for the rapid deployment of highly sustainable buildings that are aesthetic and reliable. Solar houses are highly sustainable and can be designed to be reliable by using streamlined technologies, providing as much power as needed, and by minimizing the energy usage within the building. The US DOE Solar Decathlon offered a great opportunity to test these criteria which were at the same time the fundamental elements taken into consideration when designing the Santa Clara University (SCU) solar house in 2007 [1]. In this research the SCU solar decathlon solar house energy and thermal performances were analyzed. The energy and thermal loads were modeled using EnergyPlus™ software which helps to perform detailed modeling of the energy and thermal performances of buildings. The conditioned space of the building consists of two rectangular shaped zones, the living room and the bedroom, which together are approximately 45ft along the east-west direction and 11ft wide. Wood framing with R-19 insulation, made from recycled jeans, was used for the walls. The roof and the floor are constructed of a bamboo wood frame with foam insulation. Daylighting was maximized through active windows (i.e. electro-chromic), energy efficient appliances were incorporated along with solar thermal air conditioning, heating and hot water. Performance parameters for the mechanical systems were developed from conventionally available technologies and the control set-points were based on DOE Solar Decathlon 2007 (SD07) guidelines [1]. The thermal energy design decisions for the house were based largely on a combination of the solar decathlon contest requirements and that technologies were sustainable and commercially available. The house was tested in Washington DC in October 2007 during the competition and performed excellently well ranking at the top in the following categories: energy balance, thermal comfort, and hot water. Data collected during the event provide the unique opportunity of validating the simulated energy and thermal performances of the house with weather file created from the real-time weather data. The created weather file is used to run new simulations of the SCU SD07 house, from these results we can assess the accuracy of the simulation program used. If accuracy is high enough, annual simulations are executed to demonstrate how the house would perform under extreme climatic conditions in different regions.
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Naharindra, Adhi, Mohd Hisham Abd Hamid, A. Ghafar A Halim, et al. "Application of Tubing Stem Test as Alternative Low-Cost Solution for Dynamic Reservoir Evaluation: Case Study from Appraisal Well in Offshore Malaysia." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21834-ms.
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Abstract This paper demonstrate a unique combination of techniques and equipment that enabled dynamic reservoir evaluation process using simplified Drill Stem Test (DST) string and completion accessories. The well testing was conducted on a shallow slanted offshore well, drilled into faulted reservoirs with multilayer and complex fluids environment. Key technical challenges to perform well testing includes designing a custom DST string to cater for the multilayer reservoir and articulating a surface well testing equipment that capable of efficient separation to ensure safe and environmental friendly disposal while having accurate flowrate measurements, to deliver good interpretable data given that the uncertainty and complexity of the formation and the well itself. During drilling campaign, contingency plan to mitigate against losses was implemented which had a significant impact on the well testing program. As such, uncertainty-based well test design and interpretation methodology was used to address this and to achieve well objectives. This involved numerical model analysis considering reservoir uncertainties and their interaction with each other, to identify which parameters can be interpret confidently and to indicate the test duration for the well testing program. Since the area is nearby to producing fields, several cases model based on reservoir pressure regime was also constructed during the design stage to tolerate flexibilities for the decision tree. The well testing was successfully conducted result from integrated approach to well test design and realtime data support throughout the operation along with innovative DST string design, customize completion accessories for multiple zones testing and adaptive intervention tools for highly deviated well. Matching with nearby wells were also conducted during monitoring to predict future pressure behaviour which allow for the duration of final build-up to be optimized. Given that Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) is the top of priority, an important aspect of the surface well testing package was the water treatment equipment to treat the produced water from reservoir before being discharge in order to guarantee safe environmental disposal. The well was successfully test at maximum flowrate 2,000bpd of oil and 20MMscf/d of gas with traces of produced water. Data gathered thru the Tubing Stem Test (TST) can used to interpret reservoir parameters and all the well testing objectives were successfully achieved despite the many challenges encountered during the drilling campaign and design stage. The end results may contradict traditional testing methods for pressure transient analysis, but hopefully this paper might create the opportunity to replicate TST as quick and effective reservoir evaluation in other parts of the world.