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1
Barnes, Philip M., Laura M. Wallace, Demian M. Saffer, et al. "Slow slip source characterized by lithological and geometric heterogeneity." Science Advances 6, no. 13 (2020): eaay3314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay3314.
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Slow slip events (SSEs) accommodate a significant proportion of tectonic plate motion at subduction zones, yet little is known about the faults that actually host them. The shallow depth (<2 km) of well-documented SSEs at the Hikurangi subduction zone offshore New Zealand offers a unique opportunity to link geophysical imaging of the subduction zone with direct access to incoming material that represents the megathrust fault rocks hosting slow slip. Two recent International Ocean Discovery Program Expeditions sampled this incoming material before it is entrained immediately down-dip along the shallow plate interface. Drilling results, tied to regional seismic reflection images, reveal heterogeneous lithologies with highly variable physical properties entering the SSE source region. These observations suggest that SSEs and associated slow earthquake phenomena are promoted by lithological, mechanical, and frictional heterogeneity within the fault zone, enhanced by geometric complexity associated with subduction of rough crust.
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Gotham, Kevin Fox. "Dilemmas of Disaster Zones: Tax Incentives and Business Reinvestment in the Gulf Coast after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita." City & Community 12, no. 4 (2013): 291–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12048.
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Over the last decade, the U.S. federal government has increasingly turned to spatially targeted tax incentives to promote postdisaster revitalization. The logic behind this policy orientation is that targeting public subsidies to particular disaster zones will speed community recovery and encourage business reinvestment. To evaluate this claim, this paper uses the case of the Gulf Opportunity (GO) Zone of 2005 that provided tax incentives to businesses in the Gulf Coast area affected by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita from 2006 through December 2011. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative data, I find that damage was not a consistently significant determinant of GO Zone bond allocation at the parish level. Rather, GO Zone bonds were mainly allocated in low–damage areas and underutilized in New Orleans and heavily damaged areas. Though policy makers designed the program to stimulate small business recovery, GO Zone benefits went to large businesses located in areas least damaged by the hurricanes. Overall, the allocation of bonds using a first–come, first–served strategy combined with the huge size of the GO Zone reduced the effectiveness of the incentives offered and reinforced the disincentives for locating business and investment in disaster–devastated areas.
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Palpacuer-Lee, Christelle, Jessie Hutchison Curtis, and Mary E. Curran. "Stories of engagement: Pre-service language teachers negotiate intercultural citizenship in a community-based English language program." Language Teaching Research 22, no. 5 (2018): 590–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362168817718578.
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The position statement on global competence by the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) emphasizes the need for increased participation ‘in multilingual communities at home and abroad’, and for deeper engagement with languages and cultures (ACTFL, 2014). In response, language teacher preparation programs have sought to increase opportunities for ‘cosmopolitan practice’ (Canagarajah, 2013; Guilherme, 2007). Employing Byram’s (2008) construct of intercultural citizenship, this article explores the potential of service-learning, a sub-set of experiential learning, as such an opportunity. Several studies have established the positive impact of service-learning on teachers’ cultural awareness, yet contact among communities does not necessarily result in engagement (De Leon, 2014; Haddix, 2015). This qualitative study explores the reported experiences of thirty pre-service language teachers and ten linguistically diverse families who participated in an English-focused service-learning project. The analysis outlines how pre-service teachers negotiate intercultural encounters in this program, which we view as a ‘contact zone’ (Pratt, 1991), a zone of possibilities for engagement, leading to action. We discuss the extent to which emerging intercultural citizenship experiences can be transformative (Byram, 2008), and suggest implications for practice.
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Bharadwaj, Nipjyoti, Praveen Edara, and Carlos Sun. "Risk Factors in Work Zone Safety Events: A Naturalistic Driving Study Analysis." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 1 (2019): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118821630.
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Identification of crash risk factors and enhancing safety at work zones is a major priority for transportation agencies. There is a critical need for collecting comprehensive data related to work zone safety. The naturalistic driving study (NDS) data offers a rare opportunity for a first-hand view of crashes and near-crashes (CNC) that occur in and around work zones. NDS includes information related to driver behavior and various non-driving related tasks performed while driving. Thus, the impact of driver behavior on crash risk along with infrastructure and traffic variables can be assessed. This study: (1) investigated risk factors associated with safety critical events occurring in a work zone; (2) developed a binary logistic regression model to estimate crash risk in work zones; and (3) quantified risk for different factors using matched case-control design and odds ratios (OR). The predictive ability of the model was evaluated by developing receiver operating characteristic curves for training and validation datasets. The results indicate that performing a non-driving related secondary task for more than 6 seconds increases the CNC risk by 5.46 times. Driver inattention was found to be the most critical behavioral factor contributing to CNC risk with an odds ratio of 29.06. In addition, traffic conditions corresponding to Level of Service (LOS) D exhibited the highest level of CNC risk in work zones. This study represents one of the first efforts to closely examine work zone events in the Transportation Research Board’s second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) NDS data to better understand factors contributing to increased crash risk in work zones.
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Apriani, Eka, Sakut Anshori, and Sarwo Edy. "Eksistensi English Zone Sebagai Media Penerapan Kemampuan Berbahasa Inggris Mahasiswa Program Studi Tadris Bahasa Inggris IAIN CURUP." Cendekia: Jurnal Kependidikan Dan Kemasyarakatan 17, no. 2 (2019): 317–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21154/cendekia.v17i2.1531.
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Abstract: English zone is a place where the students of English Education Study Programs can improve their English skills. The implementation of the English Zone (EZ) in the Tadris of English Study Program has been running for five years. However, this program has not been evaluated yet. Based on the explanation above, the purpose of this research is to find out the effectiveness of the implementation of ZE for English students. This research used a quantitative approach. The data collection techniques were tests and questionnaires. The finding showed that: (1) speaking skills significantly increased with a value of 74.12 or 11.56%, (2) in implementing English Zone, there were many problems faced by the students, such as the opportunity limitation for the students to talk, difficulty in finding speaking partners, students’ embarrassment in starting conversation, attachment to the grammatical rules, eagerness to speak English since only a few lecturers who consistently speak English and the lack of penalty for those who break the rules.ملخص: منطقة اللغة الإنجليزية هي مكان يمكن أن يستخدمه طلاب برامج دراسة تعليم اللغة الإنجليزية لتحسين مهاراتهم في اللغة الإنجليزية. استمر تنفيذ منطقة اللغة الإنجليزية في قسم تدريس اللغة الإنجليزية لمدة خمس سنوات. ولكن حتى الآن، لم يتم تقييم هذا البرنامج. من الشرح المذكور، فإن الغرض من هذا البحث هو معرفة مدى فاعليته. لذلك، استخدم هذا البحث المدخل الكمّي، أما تقنيات جمع البيانات فهي الاختبارات والاستبيانات. تبين النتيجة أن: (1) زادت مهارات الكلام أكثر بنتيجة 74.12 أو 11.56%، (2) هناك العديد من المشكلات التي يواجهها الطلاب عند تطبيق منطقة اللغة الإنجليزية، مثل أن فرصة الكلام للطلاب محدودة، حيث يواجه الطلاب صعوبة في بحث الشركاء للمحادثة، ويشعر الطلاب بالحياء عندما بدء المحادثة، ويكون الطلاب مرتبطون جدًا بالقواعد، ويتحدث الطلاب باللغة الإنجليزية عندما يكون هناك محاضرون فقط، ويقلّ من المحاضرين الذين يتحدثون الإنجليزية باستمرار، ولا توجد عقوبة للطلاب الذين يخالفون النظام.
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Sherchan, R., K. Rijal, and S. B. Bajracharya. "Contribution of buffer zone and community forest programme in household income at Laharepauwa of Rasuwa and Tupche of Nuwakot, Nepal." Nepal Journal of Environmental Science 3 (December 7, 2015): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njes.v3i0.22729.
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Historically, Nepal government has been adequately innovative to experiment new conservation and forestry models. The most marked policy shift was the Buffer Zone Management Regulation (1996) which provisioned for buffer zones and 30-50% revenue sharing with local institutions. Similarly, community forestry, which evolved in mid-70s’ has been innovative approach benefiting millions of forest users. The present study attempted to compare buffer zone and community forestry programmes in terms of economic benefits they bring to the local households. Altogether, 274 households were interviewed. Consultation meeting was organized with Langtang National Park office and District Forest Office, Nuwakot. Similarly, key informant interview was carried out with forest guards and key representatives of user’s groups. The most prevalent sources of incomes were agriculture and livestock. The result shows 92.4% households collected forest resources and derived a seasonal income from NTFP in Laharepauwa. The total and mean (HH/year) incomes calculated were respectively US$ 202,209 and US$ 1,395 for Laharepauwa and; US$ 304,316 and US$ 2,359 for Tupche. However, a share of buffer zone and community forest programme are only 4% and 7% respectively. Buffer Zone program saved 2,351 working days annually or opportunity cost worth US$ 11,198. Likewise, Community Forestry programme saved forest collection times worth US$ 16,586.4. The study concludes that direct benefits of these programmes are not significant but indirect benefit by saving resources collection time is substantial. It is imperative to interpret result cautiously as poverty is multidimensional phenomenon and current study didn’t consider the capabilities of communities to cope poverty.
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KOLCHUNOV, Vl I., A. I. DEMYANOV, and M. M. MIHAILOV. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES WITH CROSS-SHAPED SPATIAL CRACK UNDER TORSION WITH BENDING." Building and reconstruction 92, no. 6 (2020): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7416-2020-92-6-13-25.
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The article offers a method and program for experimental studies of reinforced concrete structures with cross-shaped spatial crack under torsion with bending, the main purpose of which is to check the design assumptions and experimental determination of the design parameters of the proposed calculation method. The conducted experimental studies provide an opportunity to test the proposed calculation apparatus and clarify the regularities for determining deflections, angles of rotation of extreme sections, and stresses in the compressed zone of concrete. For analysis, the article presents a typical experimental scheme for the formation and development of cracks in the form of a sweep, as well as characteristic graphs of the dependence of the angles of rotation of end sections.
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Tinungki, Georgina Maria. "ZONE PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT GIVES A NEW MEANING TO THE STUDENTS’ INTELLIGENCE IN STATISTICAL METHOD LESSON." Journal of Honai Math 2, no. 2 (2019): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30862/jhm.v2i2.69.
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Development of Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) a learner needs guidance, help from adults or peers with a higher skill set in order of achieve a higher level of development. The level of knowledge or gradual knowledge is called by Vygotsky as scaffolding. Scaffolding means giving learners helps during the early stages of learning, then reducing the quantity of help and giving the learner opportunity to immediately take on the greater responsibility, after being able to do tasks on their own. One in the statistics Lesson program is Statistical Method, which requires high-level thinking since the students are hoped to be able to analyze statistics inference. In this case, students need help during the learning process in order to understand the concept of Statistical Method material optimally. The help could be in the form of guidance, encouragement, outlining problems into other forms that enable students to be independent. By implementing the ZPD process in the form of scaffolding stage, students are able to understand concepts of Statistical Method material optimally.
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Gorgone, Robert G. "Improving Overhaul Planning Through Risk Assessment and Risk Management." Journal of Ship Production 8, no. 04 (1992): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1992.8.4.235.
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The execution of the overhaul of U.S. naval vessels at a public shipyard is fraught with risk. Far too often the work authorization process is constrained by a limited budget. This situation can result in two common outcomes:The shipyard delivers a ship to the customer that has significant repair work either deferred or incomplete.The deferred or incomplete work is screened back to the shipyard late in the overhaul, forcing an upheaval in the logical planning and execution of the availability. Risk affects both the shipyard and ship's force because the completion of the overhaul could be affected by late authorized work resulting in the ship not being able to meet her commitments. As Philadelphia Naval Shipyard (PNSV) is an industry leader in Zone or Group Technology execution methods, it is particularly disruptive to work flow to return to geographic areas and perform work in an area out of phase—or even worse—in an area where similar work is already complete. With the innovation of Zone Technology, it was clear that a consistent and effective risk assessment method must be developed to determine the probability of equipment failure during the testing phase of the overhaul and the impact on cost and schedule to the overhaul. The USS Kidd (DD-963) scheduled availability in 1989 proved to be the ideal opportunity to develop and execute a formal risk assessment and management program. The USS Constellation (CV-64) SLEP availability in 1990 afforded the opportunity to refine and expand the risk assessment methodology.
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Ibrahim, Shewkar, and Tarek Sayed. "Use of Objective Safety Evidence to Deploy Automated Enforcement Resources." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 10 (2019): 726–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119851447.
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Automated enforcement programs have been an important tool for improving traffic safety. Previous work provides strong evidence supporting the impact that these programs have on increasing safety either on a micro-level (e.g., road segments), or at a macro-level (e.g., neighborhood, city). In both cases, there are many variables that can influence and affect the safety impacts of the enforcement program. Additionally, there is a lack of understanding of how specific deployment parameters (e.g., how often to visit an enforcement site) can influence the overall safety on a macro-level (e.g., traffic analysis zone). The objective of this study is to quantify the impact that automated enforcement has on collisions on a macro-level as well as to develop models that would provide enforcement authorities with an empirical tool to help plan their deployment strategy. The results show that an increase in the number of tickets issued for exceeding the speed limit resulted in a decrease in collisions, for all collision severities. Moreover, the results also showed that collision reductions were also associated with spending a longer time enforcing a site for each visit. Quantifying these safety impacts supports decision makers by providing them with an opportunity to analyze the safety benefits in relation to their deployment strategy to maximize the efficiency of their resources.
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Hoskin, M. G., R. A. Coleman, E. von Carlshausen, and C. M. Davis. "Variable population responses by large decapod crustaceans to the establishment of a temperate marine no-take zone." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68, no. 2 (2011): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f10-143.
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In 2003, an area adjacent to Lundy Island was designated as the United Kingdom’s first no-take zone (NTZ) for nature conservation. The only significant fishery at Lundy was for lobster ( Homarus gammarus L.) and various crabs. The Lundy NTZ provided an opportunity to test hypotheses about the recovery of crustacean populations from fishing. Using an experimental potting program, we simultaneously compared changes in the crustacean populations within the NTZ with those in proximal control (Near Control) locations and two distant control (Far Control) locations. Comparisons were replicated over 4 years, and the results analysed using asymmetrical analysis of variance. There was evidence of a rapid, large increase in the abundance and sizes of legal-sized lobsters within the NTZ, and evidence of spillover of sublegal lobsters from the NTZ to adjacent areas. The NTZ also appeared to cause a small, but significant increase in the size of brown crab ( Cancer pagurus L.) and a decrease in the abundance of velvet crabs ( Necora puber L.) (the latter potentially owing to predation and (or) competition from lobsters). Unlike many previous studies, these results are unambiguous, owing to a robust asymmetrical experimental design. We suggest that regulatory and conservation agencies use this approach, which we have demonstrated to be relatively straightforward, whenever the NTZ requiring evaluation cannot be replicated.
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Case, John, and Michael Quarrey. "Turning employees into owners." Journal of Participation and Employee Ownership 2, no. 3 (2019): 202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpeo-09-2019-0022.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review and analyze policies where employee share ownership might be relevant to the inequality debate in the USA. Design/methodology/approach Description and analysis of policy alternatives designed to increase the prevalence of employee ownership in the USA economy. Findings Since 1974, Congress has passed many provisions to encourage employee ownership, all with widespread bipartisan support. Additional policies would have an even greater impact. Congress could “level the playing field” for corporate divestitures and sales of companies by private equity firms; create Employee Ownership Investment Corporations, modeled after Small Business Investment Corporations, to provide capital for sales to employees; and create an Employee Equity Loan Program to guarantee loans for employee-ownership transactions. Such measures would have no budgetary impact. It could also create tax incentives to encourage corporate and private-equity sales to employees and establish regulations to ensure that employee-owned companies are eligible for the full benefit of recent opportunity zone legislation. Legislation could also encourage publicly traded companies to offer stock to employees at a discount and require companies that receive various forms of special treatment from the government to establish employee stock-ownership programs. Originality/value The academic journal literature has virtually no policy analyses on employee share ownership.
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Dabesa, Fekadu, and Shireye Fekadu Cheramlak. "Practices, Opportunities, and Challenges Of SIP in Primary Schools of Ilu Gelan Woreda, West Shoa Zone, Oromia Regional State." Middle Eastern Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (2021): 58–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/mejress.v2i2.162.
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Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess practices, opportunity and challenges of SIP in selected primary schools of Elu Gelan Woreda. Methodology/Approach/Design: A descriptive survey method was employed. The population of the study was 90 teachers, 14 principals, 7 primary school supervisors, 1Woreda Education Office heads, 3 Woreda Education Office process owners and 31 SIP committee. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using simple statistical tools such as frequent count and percentages, while the data obtained through interviews, Focus Group discussions, Observation checklist and Document review were analyzed qualitatively to substantiate the result of quantitative analysis. Findings: The findings of the study showed that there is a shortage of financial support and a lack of awareness among stakeholders. The results also indicate that there is a lack of learning facilities and poor community participation. The study revealed poor management, poor community mobilization, and poor collaboration in SIP implementation. Practical Implications: Based on the results of the study, it is proposed that an adequate awareness creation program should be implemented to ensure the practical involvement of all stakeholders; organizing and allocating the necessary resources, providing proper technical support and practical training to support the implementation of SIP. The findings of the study may help schools and other educational authorities at different administrative levels in providing valuable information for planners and policymakers to set strategies for better school improvement. Originality/Value: SIP in the study area was not implemented as indicated in the framework of SIP.
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Mancini, Francesco, Gianluigi Lo Basso, and Livio De Santoli. "Energy Use in Residential Buildings: Characterisation for Identifying Flexible Loads by Means of a Questionnaire Survey." Energies 12, no. 11 (2019): 2055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12112055.
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This work shows the outcomes of a research activity aimed at the energy characterization of residential users. Specifically, by data analysis related to the real energy consumption of sample buildings, the flexible loads amount has been identified so as to investigate on the opportunity to implement a demand/response (DR) program. The most meaningful input data have been collected by an on-line questionnaire created within an Excel spreadsheet allowing one to simulate and compare the calculations with the actual dwellings’ consumption; 412 questionnaires have been used as statistical sample and simulations have been performed based on single-zone dynamic model. Additionally, once the energy consumptions have been sorted by the different services, reference key performance indicators (KPIs) have been also calculated normalising those ones by people and house floor surface. From data analysis, it emerges how the Italian residential users are not very electrified. Furthermore, the flexible loads are low and, implementing minor maintenance interventions, the potential of flexibility can decrease up to 20%. For that reason, the current research can be further developed by investigating on suitable flexibility extensions as well as on the automation system requirements which is needed managing the flexible loads.
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Wang, Hua, Walter Keithly, and Rex Caffey. "Factors Influencing Landowners’ Decisions for Income-Generating Activities on Private Coastal Wetland in Louisiana." Resources 8, no. 2 (2019): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources8020105.
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The coastal zone of Louisiana contains more than 3 million wetland acres and has the highest acreage of salt marsh of any state. However, Louisiana accounts for 80 percent of the nation’s coastal land loss. The loss of Louisiana’s coastal wetlands results in changes in economic and ecological benefits on local communities. The purpose of the study is to investigate the factors that motivate private coastal landowners to participate in income-generating activities and the level of income derived from their coastal wetland parcels and to gauge their opinion of potential policy instruments for coastal wetlands stewardship. A double-hurdle model was applied to econometrically identify the determinants on the participation and level of participation in income-generating activities using data collected from a sample of coastal wetland owners. The results based on the estimated parameters and marginal effects revealed that decisions to participate and the level of participation are related to physical characteristics of the wetland and socioeconomic characteristics of the landowner. For example, the type of wetland is the primary factor influencing the decision to participate and the level of participation. In addition, understanding the landowner’s attitude toward wetland restoration program provides the opportunity for policymakers to better evaluate current and potential policies for coastal management in Louisiana.
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Ammar, Achraf, Omar Boukhris, Nicole Halfpaap, et al. "Four Weeks of Detraining Induced by COVID-19 Reverse Cardiac Improvements from Eight Weeks of Fitness-Dance Training in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (2021): 5930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115930.
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Physical training is considered as a low-cost intervention to generate cardioprotective benefits and to promote physical and mental health, while reducing the severity of acute respiratory infection symptoms in older adults. However, lockdown measures during COVID-19 have limited people’s opportunity to exercise regularly. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of Fitness and Dance training, followed by four weeks of COVID-19-induced detraining, on cardiac adaptations and physical performance indicators in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Twelve older adults (6 males and 6 females) with MCI (age, 73 ± 4.4 y; body mass, 75.3 ± 6.4 kg; height, 172 ± 8 cm; MMSE score: 24–27) participated in eight weeks of a combined Fitness-Dance training intervention (two sessions/week) followed by four weeks of training cessation induced by COVID-19 lockdowns. Wireless Polar Team Pro and Polar heart rate sensors (H10) were used to monitor covered distance, speed, heart rate (HR min, avg and max), time in HR zone 1 to 5, strenuousness (load score), beat-to-beat interval (max RR and avg RR) and heart rate variability (HRV-RMSSD). One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data of the three test sessions (T1: first training session, T2: last training session of the eight-week training program, and T3: first training session after the four-week training cessation). Statistical analysis showed that eight weeks of combined Fitness-Dance training induced beneficial cardiac adaptations by decreasing HR (HR min, HR avg and HR max) with p < 0.001, ES = 0.5–0.6 and Δ = −7 to−9 bpm, and increasing HRV related responses (max and avg RR and RMSSD), with p < 0.01 and ES = 0.4. Consequently, participants spent more time in comfortable HR zones (e.g., p < 0.0005; ES = 0.7; Δ = 25% for HR zone 1) and showed reduced strenuousness (p = 0.02, Δ = −15% for load score), despite the higher covered total distance and average speed (p < 0.01; ES = 0.4). However, these changes were reversed after only four weeks of COVID-19 induced detraining, with values of all parameters returning to their baseline levels. In conclusion, eight weeks of combined Fitness-Dance training seems to be an efficient strategy to promote cardioprotective benefits in older adults with MCI. Importantly, to maintain these health benefits, training has to be continued and detraining periods should be reduced. During a pandemic, home-based exercise programs may provide an effective and efficient alternative of physical training.
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Dwijayati, Aprilia Kukuh, Djoko Suprapto, and Siti Rudiyanti. "IDENTIFIKASI POTENSI DAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN EKOWISATA PADA KAWASAN KONSERVASI HUTAN MANGROVE DESA PASAR BANGGI KABUPATEN REMBANG." Management of Aquatic Resources Journal (MAQUARES) 5, no. 4 (2016): 328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/marj.v5i4.14438.
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ABSTRAK Desa Pasar Banggi memiliki potensi pariwisata hutan mangrove yang besar untuk dikembangkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi potensi, kesesuaian ekowisata dan menentukan strategi pengembangan ekowisata pada kawasan hutan mangrove Desa Pasarbanggi Kabupaten Rembang. Penelitian dilakukan pada tanggal 3-27 Juli 2016 di kawasan hutan mangrove Desa Pasar Banggi, Kabupaten Rembang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif eksloratif, dengan menggunakan metode survei dalam bentuk data primer dan skunder. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis kesesuaian lahan dan analisis SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity dan Thread). Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa ketebalan hutan mangrove 100-150 ha dengan kerapatan bernilai 35-40 ind/m2. Potensi ekowisata yang terdapat pada kawasan hutan mangrove desa Pasarbanggi adanya jenis satwa dalam hal ini jenis burung yang dilindungi seperti kuntul kecil, dan kuntul kerbau.Hasil analisis kesesuaian ekowisata mangrove menunjukan pada stasiun I, II, dan III masing-masing adalah 67%, 78%, dan 70% bahwa kawasan hutan mangrove dukuh Kaliuntu termasuk dalam kategori sesuai untuk dijadikan kawasan ekowisata di Kabupaten Rembang.Menurut hasil analisis SWOT, yang menjadi prioritas utama di Desa Pasar Banggi adalah: a) Penentuan zona dalam kawasan konservasi ekosistem mangrove dan b) Peningkatan partisipasi stakeholder terhadap program konservasi ekosistem mangrove. Kata Kunci: Ekowisata; Hutan Mangrove; Pasar Banggi ABSTRACT Pasar Banggi Village has tourism potential of mangrove forests to be developed. The purpose of this research was to identify the potential,analysis comformity of ecotourism and estabilsh the strategy of ecotourism development in the mangrove forest at Pasar Banggi area Rembang Regency. The research was conducted on July 3 - 27th 2016 in the mangrove forest Pasar Banggi Village, Rembang Regency. The method used in this research is descriptive explorative, by using survey method in a form of primary and secondary data. The collected data was then analyzed the conformitu of the land and SWOT analysis (Strangth, Weakness, Opportunity, and Thread). The result of the research showed that the thickness of mangrove forest is 100-150 ha with the density of 35-40 ind/m2. The ecotourism potential that can be found in the mangrove forest at Pasar banggi village is the existence of protected bird such as little egrets and egrest buffalo. The result of the analysis comformity of ecotourism mangrove was shown in the station I, II, and III respectively are 67%, 78%, and 70% that the mangrove forest area of Kaliuntu Village was include in suitable catagory to be targetted as the ecotourism area in Rembang Regency. Based on the SWOT analysis, the major priority in Pasar Banggi Village are: a) Determining zone in mangrove ecosystem concervational area, and b) The increase of stakeholders participation to the mangrove ecosystem concervational program. Keywords: Ecotourism; Mangrove Forest; Pasar Banggi
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Velazquez, Luis, Carlos Anaya, Omar Contreras-Aganza, and Nora Munguia. "A household waste stream analysis in a rural Mexican location." Central European Review of Economics and Management 4, no. 3 (2020): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29015/cerem.875.
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 Abstract:
 Aim: This paper presents a waste stream exploratory study with the purpose of identifying opportunity gaps to reduce environmental and health risks within the household waste stream in a small rural population in Northwestern Mexico by following the waste management hierarchy.
 Design / Research methods: The study consisted of three phases. Firstly, a one-stage cluster sampling was conducted to characterize the household waste in this rural population. A cluster in this study was a block. There were 54 clusters, but only 40 with occupied houses. The clusters were selected by simple random sampling. During the second phase of this study, a survey was conducted to examine the waste management practices of the residents of sampled houses. Considering that 51 were the habited houses in the sampled clusters, a simple random sampling for finite populations was selected. Finally, a quadrat sampling method was conducted. The total area of the municipal landfill site was divided into black and white quadrats. The white color was represented by tails while the black color was represented by heads. The color of the sampled quadrats was selected after 50 flip virtual coins for true randomness.
 Conclusions/findings: Findings in this study indicate the willingness of the inhabitants in this rural location to participate in source reduction initiatives. Findings also showed that organic waste was the predominant material in the household waste composition. Therefore, there are opportunities to enhance composting at home or even implement a community composting program. The riskier situations revealed by this study were observed at the landfill site where air emissions and leachate occurred.
 Originality/value of the article: Based on the waste stream analysis, there are some opportunities to reduce the environmental and health risks in a small rural zone in Northwestern Mexico. In this regard, this study can serve as an example to analyze and compare sustainable opportunities in other rural zones around the world.
 Keywords: Waste management, Rural Development, Landfill, Waste Stream Analysis.
 JEL: Q510, Q530, R110
 
 
 
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Burke, M. Grace, Inga Musselman, Allan Lockley, et al. "WELCOME FROM THE SOCIETY PRESIDENTS." Microscopy and Microanalysis 11, no. I1 (2005): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927605150363.
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Aloha! On behalf of the Microscopy Society of America (MSA), the Microbeam Analysis Society (MAS), the International Metallographic Society (IMS), the Australian Microscopy and Microanalysis Society (AMMS, Inc.), the Australian Microbeam Analysis Society (AMAS), Microscopy New Zealand (MNZ), and the Committee of Asia-Pacific Societies for Microscopy (CAPSM), we welcome members of microscopy and microanalysis societies throughout the world, and particularly those in the Pacific Rim, to our jointly-sponsored international Microscopy and Microanalysis 2005 meeting in Honolulu, Hawaii, scheduled for July 31–August 4, 2005. The Program Committee, chaired by Bob Price, has already arranged an interesting series of symposia and tutorials, including sessions on pathology, microorganisms, macromolecules, nanotechnology, instrumentation, materials characterization, microanalytical techniques, focused ion beam, and advances in microscopy. There will also be a special Presidential Symposium, “The Golden Anniversary of Imaging Atoms,” to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the first images of atoms obtained using field-ion microscopy by Müller and Bahadur. Of course, an essential aspect of the technical program is your vital contributed paper! There are great reasons to arrive early for M&M 2005. Besides the outstanding technical programming for M&M 2005, there will be an excellent Pre-Meeting Congress and a series of topical one-day courses providing a perfect way to acclimatize to the local time zone! Our venue in Honolulu will be all the more enjoyable thanks to the dedication and hard work of the M&M 2005 local arrangements committee, co-chaired by Tina Carvalho and Marilyn Dunlap. A fabulous opening reception on the lawn of the Sheraton Waikiki will be held on July 31, 2005 to welcome you. The Hawaii Convention Center will be our venue for technical symposia, short courses, and the commercial exhibition, with plenty of space for meeting new colleagues and renewing acquaintances. Our Sustaining Members and Exhibitors are committed to making the Commercial Exhibition a must-see event, and a great opportunity to examine new instrumentation in a unique setting. Microscopy and Microanalysis 2005 promises to be an exciting international scientific meeting in a most delightful venue. We look forward to seeing you in Honolulu!
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Yang, Fan, Xiao-Long Huang, Yi-Gang Xu, and Peng-Li He. "Magmatic Processes Associated with Oceanic Crustal Accretion at Slow-spreading Ridges: Evidence from Plagioclase in Mid-ocean Ridge Basalts from the South China Sea." Journal of Petrology 60, no. 6 (2019): 1135–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egz027.
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Abstract Magmatic processes associated with oceanic crustal accretion at slow-spreading mid-oceanic ridges are less well understood compared with those at fast-spreading ridges. Zoned plagioclase in the basalts might record these magmatic processes as a result of the very slow intra-crystal diffusion of CaAl–NaSi. Plagioclase phenocrysts in plagioclase-phyric basalt from Hole U1433B of International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 349 in the South China Sea show complex zoning patterns (e.g. normal, reverse, oscillatory and patchy). These samples provide a rare opportunity to determine the magma dynamics associated with oceanic crustal accretion at slow-spreading ridges through time. Igneous lithological units in Hole U1433B consist of a series of massive lava flows at the bottom and a thick succession of small pillow lava flows at the top. Most of the plagioclase phenocrysts in the massive lava show core–rim zonation with high-An cores (An ∼85%; in mole fraction; Pl-A) in equilibrium with melts that are more primitive than their host. Some high-An cores of Pl-A phenocrysts contain melt inclusions and are depleted in La, Ce, Y and Ti, but enriched in Sr and Eu; this is interpreted as resulting from dissolution–crystallization processes during reaction of hot melt with pre-existing plagioclase cumulates. In the pillow lavas, most of the plagioclase phenocrysts show normal core–mantle–rim zonation (Pl-B) with An contents decreasing gradually from the core to the mantle to the rim, suggesting extensive magma mixing and differentiation. Reversely zoned plagioclases (Pl-C) are sparsely present throughout the basalts, but mostly occur in the lower part of the drill hole. The cores of euhedral Pl-C phenocrysts are compositionally comparable with the mantles of Pl-B phenocrysts, suggesting that the evolved magma was recharged by a relatively primitive magma. Melt inclusion-bearing Pl-A phenocrysts occur mainly in the massive lava, but rarely in the pillow lava, whereas Pl-B phenocrysts are present dominantly in the pillow lava, which reflects reducing melt–rock interaction and enhanced magma mixing, recharging and differentiation from the bottom to the top of the hole. In addition, the extensive magma mixing and differentiation recorded by Pl-B phenocrysts in the pillow lava require the existence of a melt lens beneath the mid-ocean ridge. Consistently, the plagioclase phenocrysts in the pillow lava mostly lack melt inclusions, corresponding to very weak melt–rock reactions, which indicates that the magma was transported through plagioclase cumulates by channel flow and requires a higher magma supply to the magma conduit. Therefore, the textural and compositional variations of plagioclase phenocrysts in the samples reflect the changes in magma dynamics of the mid-ocean ridge basalt through time with respect to oceanic crustal accretion at slow-spreading ridges. Overall, the oceanic crustal accretion process is sensitive to the magma supply. In the period between two episodes of extension, owing to a low melt supply the primitive melt percolates through and interacts with the mush zone by porous flow, which produces melt inclusion-bearing high-An plagioclase through dissolution–crystallization processes. At the initial stage of a new episode of extension, the melt infiltrates the mush zone and entrains crystal cargoes including melt inclusion-bearing high-An plagioclase. During the major stage of extension, owing to a relatively high melt supply the melt penetrates the mush zone by channel flow and can pool as melt lenses somewhere beneath the dikes; this forms intermediate plagioclases and the reverse zoning of plagioclases by magma mixing, recharging and differentiation in the melt lens. Such magmatic processes might occur repeatedly during the episodic extension that accompanies oceanic crustal accretion at slow-spreading ridges, which enhances the lateral structural heterogeneity of the oceanic crust.
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Arora, N., F. Arinde, E. Lang, et al. "P007: Development of provincial recommendations for domestic violence screening in emergency departments and urgent care settings in Alberta." CJEM 21, S1 (2019): S65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2019.198.
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Introduction: Alberta has one of the highest rates of domestic violence (DV) in the country. Emergency departments (EDs) and urgent care centres (UCCs) are significant points of opportunity to screen for DV and intervene. In Alberta, the Calgary Zone began a universal education and direct inquiry program for DV in EDs and UCCs for patients &gt; = 14 years in 2003. The Calgary model is unique in that (a) it provides universal education in addition to screening and (b) screening is truly universal as it includes all age groups and genders. While considering expanding this model provincially, we engaged in the GRADE Adolopment process, to achieve multi-stakeholder consensus on a provincial approach to DV screening, as herewith described. Methods: Using GRADE, we synthesized and rated the quality of evidence on DV screening and presented it to an expert panel of stakeholders from the community, EDs, and Alberta Health Services. There was moderate certainty evidence that screening improved DV identification in antenatal clinics, maternal health services and EDs. There was no evidence of harm and low certainty evidence of improvement in patient-important outcomes. As per Adolopment, the expert panel reviewed the evidence in the context of: a) values and preferences b) benefits and harms, and c) acceptability, feasibility, and resource implications. Results: The panel came to a unanimous decision to conditionally recommend universal screening, i.e., screening all adults above 14 years of age in EDs and UCCs. By conditional, the panel noted that EDs and UCCs must have support resources in place for patients who screen positive to realize the full benefit of screening and avoid harm. The panel deemed universal screening to be a logistically easier recommendation, compared to training healthcare professionals to screen certain subpopulations or assess for specific symptoms associated with DV. The panel noted that despite absence of evidence that screening would impact patient-important outcomes, there was evidence that effective interventions following a positive screen could positively impact these outcomes. The panel stressed the importance of evidence creation in the context of absence of evidence. Conclusion: A GRADE Adolopment process achieved consensus on provincial expansion of an ED-based DV screening program. Moving forward, we plan to gather evidence on patient-important outcomes and understudied subpopulations (i.e. men and the elderly).
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Vlasenko, N. O. "Soil and geobotanical, typological characteristics of bottomland forest with short-term flooding Poltava-city green belt." Ecology and Noospherology 26, no. 3-4 (2015): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/031524.
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Carrying out its assignment Poltava-city green belt bottomland forests with short-term flooding, has significant anthropogenic impact, needs constant research of forest biogeocoenosis present day condition. There have been done the complex research of bottomland forests with short-term flooding which are located in the range of Poltava-city green belt. Forest types according to O. L. Belgard have been noted. Soil and geobotanical characteristics, soil sections macromorphological peculiarities have been given, results of soil water extracts analysis in the investigated forestry have been noted. Throuout the complex researches of all components of forest biogeocoenosis the learning of forest and environment coorelation that is due to anthropogenic effect is topical. Especially it concerns the big cities green belt of industrial regions that suffer from the human direct influence or indirect consequences of his living. Thereby the National special-purpose program «Forests of Ukraine» for 2010–2015 was approved the aim of which is a complex study of this category of forest-steppe zone forest biogeocoenosis. For this reason was made an accent to investigate all-round the Poltava-city green belt forests related to Poltava Region throuout the regional special-purpose program of forestry integrated development «Poltava region forests by 2015». To identify the soil and geobotanical characteristics of biogeocenosis and physical and chemical piculiarities of bottomland forests with short-term flooding adaphotop we will consider the most typical sample plots of different plantations according to its forest stand that grows in relatively identical conditions. Forest areas of Poltava-city green belt belongs to the eastern soil and climatic forest-steppe zone of Poltava Region and is situated in forest-stepp belt of Left bank of Dnipro inside the Dnipro and Donetsk dimple. The most common soils are deep, low humic chernozem and middle clay-loam soil. There are mulch and sandy, agrilloarenaceous soils in river valleys. The picture of exploration area ground structure looks in such a way. The most common ground species of the area is a loess-like clay loam. There are sands observed near the river bed of Vorskla and clay on steep slopes. Soddy-meadow and chernozem-meadow, sandy loam and clay loam soils are involved in the bottomland forests formation. Typical chernozem occupies significant territories, which is formed by herbaceous grouping of mesoxerophytes, euxerophytes and xeromesophytes. Floodplain soils are divided into three parts: riverine, central and terrace near flood plain. In the riverine part is formed the most light mechanical components of interbedding soils formed on new derived silt from slightly humic layers. There are a low percent of humus (not more than 1 %) and nutritional chemicals. Thereby their fertility is low. In the central part of floodplain had been formed the sandy loam and clay loam soils with stronger profile on the massive, often calcareous or carbonaceous parent rock material. In cases of flood the water is widely overflowed and stay for a long time rich in sludge particles. It is the richest soils of the floodplain. The done research gave us the opportunity to clear up that the bottomland forests with short-term flooding of Poltava-city green belt are consist mainly of oak, aspen and alder forests. The formation and distribution of the main associations of floodplain forests depend on the regime of floodplain, trophotop and relief inhomogenuity. It was noticed that it can be found three more typical natural forest vegetations related to bottomland forests with short-term flooding inside the Poltava-city green belt: Dc' 3 (moist linden oak forest with hairlike sedge), Dn / 4 (alder forest with muddy tall herbaceous vegetation), Dc / 2 (live aspen forest with). It was noticed, that in all investigated plant formations the forest site type is sandy loam with different variations: live (SP / 2), moist (SP / 3), muddy (SP / 4). Different variations of soil has been investigated. There is no carbonate in soils of the investigated biogeocenosis. Water extract analysis tell about the lack of salinity properties, dry particles ranges (0,05–0,2 %), pH is alkaline. Detailed soil and geobotanical characteristics and establishing peculiarities of bottomland forests with short-term flooding adaphotop will give opportunity to reconstruct the existing Poltava-city green belt plantations and organize the stationary investigations with the aim of their more rational employment and saving.
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Cao, Ling, Yong Chen, Shuanglin Dong, et al. "Opportunity for marine fisheries reform in China." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 3 (2017): 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1616583114.
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China’s 13th Five-Year Plan, launched in March 2016, provides a sound policy platform for the protection of marine ecosystems and the restoration of capture fisheries within China’s exclusive economic zone. What distinguishes China among many other countries striving for marine fisheries reform is its size—accounting for almost one-fifth of global catch volume—and the unique cultural context of its economic and resource management. In this paper, we trace the history of Chinese government priorities, policies, and outcomes related to marine fisheries since the 1978 Economic Reform, and examine how the current leadership’s agenda for “ecological civilization” could successfully transform marine resource management in the coming years. We show how China, like many other countries, has experienced a decline in the average trophic level of its capture fisheries during the past few decades, and how its policy design, implementation, and enforcement have influenced the status of its wild fish stocks. To reverse the trend in declining fish stocks, the government is introducing a series of new programs for sustainable fisheries and aquaculture, with greater traceability and accountability in marine resource management and area controls on coastal development. As impressive as these new plans are on paper, we conclude that serious institutional reforms will be needed to achieve a true paradigm shift in marine fisheries management in China. In particular, we recommend new institutions for science-based fisheries management, secure fishing access, policy consistency across provinces, educational programs for fisheries managers, and increasing public access to scientific data.
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Борисова, Виктория Анатольевна. "IMPLEMENTATION OF TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR THE JUNIOR SKILLS COMPETITION: TRADITIONAL CLASSROOM AND REMOTE LEARNING FORMATS." Tomsk state pedagogical university bulletin, no. 5(217) (September 3, 2021): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/1609-624x-2021-5-105-115.
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Введение. Подготовка обучающихся к участию в соревновательных мероприятиях Junior Skills – актуальная задача современного образования. Особенностью процесса обучения робототехнике, электронике и инженерно-техническому творчеству является деятельность, основанная на практическом выполнении задач. Практический подход к профессиональному самоопределению отлично представлен через мероприятия движения World Skills Junior. Остается открытым вопрос об определении эффективности используемых организационных форм – очного и дистанционного обучения. Важно учитывать особенности, сильные и слабые стороны каждого формата взаимодействия для эффективного обеспечения непрерывности образовательной линии и процесса самоопределения обучающихся в условиях непредсказуемости современности. Цель – определение педагогических условий формирования необходимых практических навыков у обучающихся при подготовке к соревнованиям Junior Skills через очную и дистанционную формы взаимодействия. Материал и методы. С 2018 по 2020 г. на базе Детского центра образовательной робототехники Томского государственного педагогического университета и Курлекской средней общеобразовательной школы Томского района реализованы программы подготовки к соревнованиям Junior Skills. Подготовку прошли 75 обучающихся 3–6-х классов и 58 обучающихся 9–11-х классов. В исследовании были реализованы методы сравнительно-сопоставительного анализа, моделирования, наблюдение и опросные методы. Результаты и обсуждение. В ходе проведения опытно-экспериментальной работы разработана и апробирована модель дистанционного формата реализации образовательной программы по подготовке обучающихся к соревнованиям профессионального мастерства уровня Junior Skills Russia, а также серия заданий по формированию первичных самостоятельных практико-ориентированных проб (по профилям робототехника, программирование, моделирование, электроника). Заключение. Дистанционная форма образовательной программы добавляет в общий перечень мер подготовки к соревнованиям профессионального мастерства дополнительный опыт тренировки самоконтроля, выводит обучающихся из зоны комфорта и помогает научиться контролировать свой уровень стресса при работе в нестандартных условиях, дает возможность принимать ответственность за свои действия и позволяет самоопределиться с дальнейшим профессиональным профилем. Introduction. Preparing schoolchildren for participation in JuniorSkills competitions is an urgent task of modern education. A feature of the process of teaching robotics, electronics and engineering and technical creativity is activities based on the practical implementation of tasks. A hands-on approach to professional self-determination is well presented through the events of the World Skills Junior movement. The question of determining the effectiveness of the organizational forms used in face-to-face and remote learning remains open. It is important to take into account the peculiarities, strengths and weaknesses of each format of interaction. It is important for effectively ensuring the continuity of the educational line and the process of self-determination of students in the conditions of the unpredictability of our time. Aim and objectives. Determination of the pedagogical conditions for the formation of the necessary practical skills among schoolchildren in preparation for the Junior Skills competition through face-to-face and remote forms of interaction. Material and methods. The distance model of the Junior Skills program was tested on the basis of two sites: The Children’s Center for Educational Robotics of the Tomsk State Pedagogical University and the Kurlek Secondary School of the Tomsk District. Since 2018, 75 students in grades 3–6 and 58 students in grades 9–11 have been prepared for competitions in the field of professional self-determination. The training took place in face-to-face and remote formats. Results and discussion. In the course of the experimental work, a model of the distance format for the implementation of the educational program for the preparation of schoolchildren for competitions of professional skills of the Junior Skills Russia level was developed and tested. A series of tasks has been developed for the formation of primary independent practice-oriented tests (for the profiles of robotics, programming, modeling, electronics). Conclusion. The remote form of the educational program adds additional experience of self-control training to the general list of preparation measures for professional skill competitions. It takes schoolchildren out of their comfort zone and helps them learn to control their stress levels when working in non-standard conditions. Also, it gives the opportunity to take responsibility for their actions and allows self-determination with a further professional profile.
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Василенко, Валентин, and Valentin Vasilenko. "MANAGING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF CRIMEA BASED ON THE TOURISM CLUSTERS." Services in Russia and abroad 11, no. 6 (2017): 94–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.22412/1995-042x-11-6-8.
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Along with machinery manufacturing, agriculture and port economy in the Republic of Crimea (RC) there is widely represented the sphere of services, which makes up more than 60 % of the Gross Regional Product and includes developed recreational activities. The Crimean Region (without Sevastopol) according to the number of the objects of placement occupies the second place, and according to the number of the placed tourists occupies the fifth place in the country. Last year Crimea was visited by more than 5,5mln tourists, exceeded the their number in 2015 for 21,6 %, what can be compared with the best indices of the Ukrainian period (2012 and 2013), though the potential of the touristic and recreational sphere (TRS), despite the losses of the recent decades, remains unused. The analysis of the economic state of Crimea has defined the existing problems of the region and under the conditions of realizing the Federal Targeted Program and Special Economic Zone shows that the existing system of the recreational economy and health resort services of Crimea are able to become the point of growth and driving force of the sustainable regional development. The unique opportunities of the progressive and qualitative development of the new subject of the Russian Federation based on the TRS priority made it possible to build the of sustainable development management system of the of the Republic of Crimea, and to work out its own model of the region development management. These models can be represented as the factors of restructurizing and creating administrative, economic and social connections and provide an opportunity to form the subsystem of management of the sustainable development of the Republic of Crimea based on the cluster integration of tourism and new relations of management. The article underlines that the creating cluster must be based on working out the concept of forming and functioning of the tourist and recreational cluster, which must be based on the wellgrounded infrastructure and technological network of creating the final product, and on the organizational community of the participants' interests and opportunities for maneuvering the available resources. Such approach increases the interest of municipalities, population, and region in the cluster integration, activates the mani-festation of the synergetic and cumulative effect, and also leads to forming the effect of multiplier in the region development.
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Little, Sarah. "Engaging Youth in Placemaking: Modified Behavior Mapping." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (2020): 6527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186527.
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Typically excluded from conversations about place, youth are becoming recognized as agents of change in placemaking. This article explores adapting a quantitative research method, behavior mapping, into a more youth-friendly qualitative participatory action research (PAR) method for placemaking projects, namely modified behavior mapping (MBM). The goal of MBM is to instigate placemaking conversations with youth with an understanding of an aspect of the lived experience of place and existing behavior. Sites are divided into observation zones, and youth are led through the zones by a trained facilitator. Like the quantitative method, MBM requires a list of behaviors of interest and a basemap. Behaviors are organized into groups on an observation sheet in a youth-friendly checklist format. A new checklist is printed for each observation zone. Basemaps can be an aerial photo or a downloaded map; however, creating a basemap by taking measurements will create science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) learning opportunities. While in the observation zone, youth check the behaviors observed. Unlike the quantitative method, MBM does not require strict data collection protocols or a statistical analysis which makes the method more youth-friendly. Instead, MBM affords an opportunity for youth to reflect on their use of space and on others’ use of space. Results are disseminated through focus group discussions in order to create design programs or designs of place.
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Simpson, B. S., V. Bulone, S. J. Semple, G. W. Booker, R. A. McKinnon, and P. Weinstein. "Arid awakening: new opportunities for Australian plant natural product research." Rangeland Journal 38, no. 5 (2016): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj16004.
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The importance of plants and other natural reserves as sources for biologically important compounds, particularly for application in food and medicine, is undeniable. Herein we provide a historical context of the major scientific research programs conducted in Australia that have been aimed at discovering novel bioactive natural products from terrestrial plants. Generally speaking, the main approaches used to guide the discovery of novel bioactive compounds from natural resources have included random, ethnobotanical and chemotaxonomic strategies. Previous Australian plant natural product research campaigns appear to have lacked the use of a fourth strategy with equally high potential, namely the ecologically guided approach. In addition, many large studies have sampled plant material predominantly from tropical regions of Australia, even though arid and semi-arid zones make up 70% of mainland Australia. Therefore, plants growing in arid zone environments, which are exposed to different external stressors (e.g. low rainfall, high ultraviolet exposure) compared with tropical flora, remain an untapped reservoir of potentially novel bioactive compounds. Research of Australian arid zone plants that is ecologically guided creates a new opportunity for the discovery of novel bioactive compounds from plants (and potentially other biota) for application in health care, food and agricultural industries.
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Saffe, C., E. Jofré, P. Miquelarena, et al. "High-precision analysis of binary stars with planets." Astronomy & Astrophysics 625 (May 2019): A39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935352.
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Aims. We explore for the first time the probable chemical signature of planet formation in the remarkable binary system HD 106515. Star A hosts a massive long-period planet with ~9 MJup detected by radial velocity, while there is no planet detected at the B star. We also refine stellar and planetary parameters by using non-solar-scaled opacities when modelling the stars. Methods. We carried out a simultaneous determination of stellar parameters and abundances by applying for the first time non-solar-scaled opacities in this binary system, in order to reach the highest possible precision. We used a line-by-line strictly differential approach, using the Sun and then the A star as reference. Stellar parameters were determined by imposing an ionization and excitation balance of Fe lines, with an updated version of the FUNDPAR program, ATLAS12 model atmospheres, and the MOOG code. Opacities for an arbitrary composition were calculated through the opacity sampling method. The chemical patterns were compared with solar-twins condensation temperature Tc trends from the literature and also mutually between both stars. We take the opportunity to compare and discuss the results of the classical solar-scaled method and the high-precision procedure applied here. Results. Stars A and B in the binary system HD 106515 do not seem to be depleted in refractory elements, which is different when comparing the Sun with solar twins. The terrestrial planet formation would have been less efficient in the stars of this binary system. Together with HD 80606/7, this is the second binary system that does not seem to present a (terrestrial) signature of planet formation, when both systems host an eccentric giant planet. This is in agreement with numerical simulations, where the early dynamical evolution of eccentric giant planets clears out most of the possible terrestrial planets in the inner zone. We refined the stellar mass, radius, and age for both stars and found a notable difference of ~78% in R⋆ compared to previous works. We also refined the planet mass to mp sini = 9.08 ± 0.20 MJup, which differs by ~6% compared with the literature. In addition, we showed that the non-solar-scaled solution is not compatible with the classical solar-scaled method, and some abundance differences are comparable to non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) or galactic chemical evolution (GCE) effects especially when using the Sun as reference. Therefore, we encourage the use of non-solar-scaled opacities in high-precision studies such as the detection of Tc trends.
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Gupta, P. "Cancer Prevention and Control Through Advocacy on Tobacco Control, Cancer Control by Focusing on Primary and Secondary Prevention on Cancer." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (2018): 125s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.63900.
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Background and context: Cancer Aid Society an ISO 9001 national level social organization working since 1987 for control and prevention of cancer. I am connected with this society from nine years and helping society to reaching his goal to improve the qualities of life of peoples. We are addressing on healthy lifestyle, tobacco abuse, active and passive smoking etc. Our society is working at community level by generating awareness among masses, crowd for the prevention of cancer. As we know cancer is the second biggest killer disease after heart attack and death due to cancer are almost five times more than AIDS. Aim: “Your health is our concern” is our mission and “Quality in cancer control” is our vision. So we are going to community level school, colleges, malls, offices aware peoples for the prevention of cancer. We are also working for palliative care for improving quality of life of cancer patients. Palliative care is care for uncared. We are also covering all the factors of palliative care but mostly focuses on spirituality. Strategy/Tactics: We have eight branches all our the country at Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabd, Lucknow, Mumbai, Kolkata these all are the metro cities of India and in branch we have minimum three social workers who all are covering the near by states so it shows our national presence. Having offices and accommodation in these cities save cost of hotels for stay. So in this way we are covering the whole country. Program/Policy process: We allot the areas to each social worker which they have to covered in the given time. In the month mostly minimum each social worker is doing 10 workshops which is organizing free of cost without any charges from institutions. We visit the institution and taking permission from head for conducting cancer awareness workshop. Outcomes: Personally in my nine years of working I have explored more than 24 states of India in which each year I have address more than 1 lac peoples for cancer prevention. Until now I have covered more than 500 institutions in the country and conducted the workshops. And declared more than 800 institutions tobacco free zone under COTPA ACT made by government of India. What was learned: In my work the thing only I learned is serving humanity is a service to God. So I am working for prevention of cancer I feel lucky that Cancer Aid Society give me opportunity for serving society.
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Samarina, Vera P., Tatiana P. Skufina, Diana Yu Savon, and Svetlana S. Kudryavtseva. "Technological Windows of Opportunity for Russian Arctic Regions: Modeling and Exploitation Prospects." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 9 (2021): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14090400.
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The problems of exploitation of technological windows of opportunity are of particular scientific and practical interest in terms of the development of Russia’s national economy, and the Arctic region, which has a strong mineral and raw materials potential, is important in terms of its use for achieving the technological and national security of the Russian state. Considering this, the study of the theoretical and methodical aspects of the development of emerging technological windows of opportunity is important and relevant for the regions of the Russian Arctic zone. The purpose of this study is to assess the potential and reserves for exploitation of the emerging technological windows of opportunity during the deployment of a new technological order by mobilizing material and human capital in the Arctic regions. Methodological tools for the study of this problem included dynamic series analysis, structural analysis, comparison, description, descriptive statistics, cross-correlation analysis, production function model and its visualization. An analytical review of scientific publications, a set of tools and methods of research, allowed to obtain the following scientific results: A significant variability in the contribution of science-intensive and high-tech industry to the formation of gross value added in the Arctic region has been revealed; meanwhile, we can note stable dynamics of the contribution of the Arctic economy to the gross domestic product (GRP) of Russia as a whole. There is a steady excess of the productivity index over the Russian average, which can be regarded as a potential for growth of high-tech components of labor in the development of the economy of the Arctic region. There is a negative statistically significant relationship between the share of the gross regional product of the Arctic in the Russian GRP and the share of gross value added (GVA) of science-intensive products in the Arctic GRP, which can be regarded as a factor preventing the exploitation of the emerging technological windows of opportunity. The construction of a model of production function of technological windows of opportunities for the Arctic zone of Russia pointed to the presence of potential in the exploitation of emerging technological windows in the Arctic zone of Russia in the development of human capital through the activation and use of high labor productivity, creating high-performance jobs. The results of the study, its findings and its proposals can be used in the development, monitoring and implementation of state federal and regional programs and projects aimed at improving the level of technology and science intensity of production in the Arctic zone, improving its competitiveness, which is highly important for the national economy.
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Mitchell, Ian. "ASSESSMENT AND REMEDIATION OF A LIGHT NON-AQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID HYDROCARBON PLUME IN FRACTURED BEDROCK." Journal of Environmental Solutions for Oil, Gas, and Mining 5, no. 1 (2019): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/2377-3545-5.1.1.
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INTRODUCTION During the extension of an access road on the Canadian Forces Base (CFB) Esquimalt in Colwood, British Columbia, a black, viscous, liquid hydrocarbon product was observed oozing from newly exposed bedrock fractures in the roadside. Road excavation was subsequently halted to undertake assessment and remediation of the hydrocarbon product. The exposed bedrock was dammed with sawdust, a geomembrane barrier was installed and the area was backfilled until an appropriate course of action could be determined. The site location is shown in Figure 1. The property boundary and key site features are shown in Figure 2; the hydrocarbon seep is shown in Figure 3. Bunker C oil is a heavy-end (high molecular weight) hydrocarbon product that has a specific gravity slightly less than water and is therefore a light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL). The source of the LNAPL was inferred to originate from a decommissioned fuel depot located approximately 100 m distance uphill from the road, where 40,000 barrels of Bunker C fuel oil were historically stored in one of three, large above-ground storage tanks (ASTs). A Bunker C oil spill reportedly took place at the tank farm more than two decades prior; however, the spill volume was unknown and initial investigations found no evidence of contamination between the roadside LNAPL occurrence and the former AST. Furthermore, there was also anecdotal evidence that an historic asphalt manufacturing facility may have operated in the vicinity of the access road. A hydrocarbon product similar to Bunker C is used in the manufacture of asphalt. The source and extent of the LNAPL and the potential migration pathways to the roadside location were therefore unknown. When an LNAPL spill occurs in the subsurface, the LNAPL can migrate downward under gravity through the soil pore space in the unsaturated zone. When LNAPL encounters the ground water table (the top of the saturated zone), it tends to spread out laterally because it is less dense than water and will migrate primarily in the direction of the water table gradient (water table slope). However, when LNAPL encounters bedrock, the direction of LNAPL migration can become much more complicated depending on the degree and orientation of bedrock fractures that control its movement. When fracture density is sufficiently high and the fractures are interconnected, contamination is able to migrate down-gradient through the bedrock in the same manner as through unconsolidated materials. However, when dominant structural features are prevalent that favour specific orientations, preferential pathways are created that can result in the cross-gradient migration of LNAPL. This paper presents a case study for the assessment and remediation of LNAPL in bedrock at the Canadian Forces Base (CFB) Esquimalt (the site). Geological mapping of bedrock structural features has long been used by the mining industry to identify key structures associated with economic zones of mineralization and to predict the location and extent of mineralized targets. In a similar regard, to effectively remediate LNAPL within fractured bedrock requires the identification and characterization of any structural features that might be controlling the preferential migration of LNAPL within the subsurface to other areas of the site. A significant amount of surface outcrop is present at the site and this was recognized as a cost-effective opportunity to complete a geological assessment of the bedrock. A geological mapping program was subsequently undertaken to assess bedrock outcrops for fracture density, fracture aperture, the orientation of primary fracture sets and lithologic contacts. The area was also inspected for larger scale structural features such as faults, deformation and erosional features that might influence contaminant migration. Fracture sets and lithologic contacts were mapped by outcrop location, and fractures with visible LNAPL were mapped separately from those without LNAPL. The geological data collected was used to construct stereographic projections of structural planes on a stereonet. Poles to structural planes were plotted and colour-coded by area and by presence/absence of LNAPL. The plots were then analyzed individually, and as a composite plot, to identify the dominant preferential pathways controlling LNAPL migration at the site. By superimposing these features on areas where LNAPL was observed, LNAPL delineation targets were effectively identified and the plume was subsequently delineated with confidence and remediated.
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Smith, Bradley P., and Robert G. Appleby. "Promoting human–dingo co-existence in Australia: moving towards more innovative methods of protecting livestock rather than killing dingoes (Canis dingo)." Wildlife Research 45, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr16161.
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Existing methods of reducing livestock depredation are heavily biased towards lethal control. However, criticism regarding the efficacy of such practices is rising. In Australia, over 200 years of lethal control has done little to resolve the conflict between dingoes (Canis dingo) and livestock producers. That is, killing dingoes does not necessarily prevent livestock losses. Rather than continuing with lethal control programs, there is an opportunity to shift to more innovative, effective and ethical non-lethal measures of protecting livestock from attacks. Traditionally, buffer zones (areas surrounding livestock enterprises or national parks where attempts are made to eradicate all dingoes entering that zone) have been put in place as a means to limit conflict. Although seen as more strategic than indiscriminately baiting over large areas, targeting dingoes in buffer zones does not necessarily remove problem animals. In addition, dingoes from outside baited zones eventually fill any territorial voids created. In order to break this cycle, we propose amending the traditional approach, so that instead of killing dingoes in these sensitive zones, they are excluded from production areas or otherwise discouraged from interacting with livestock (what we term ‘living buffer zones’). This can, in principle, be achieved through adoption of a suite of non-lethal management approaches, including aversive conditioning, which to-date has not been widely examined. In turn, resident dingoes conditioned to avoid livestock and/or livestock areas will maintain territories that largely exclude non-resident dingoes. Occasional ingress by transient dingoes will be met by the same exclusion and aversive strategies and are likely to quickly move on if harassed by resident dingoes. Such a strategy takes advantage of our ever-increasing knowledge of dingo biology and behaviour and leverages well established principles of animal learning. By funnelling funds currently spent on killing dingoes into experimental investigations of non-lethal approaches, we conclude that significantly more livestock will actually be saved.
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King, M. J., and Mark Mansfield. "Flow Simulation of Geologic Models." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 2, no. 04 (1999): 351–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/57469-pa.
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Summary We report upon our experience in performing flow simulation within detailed three dimensional geologic models. Such models have the potential to significantly improve mechanistic understanding of fluid flow through our reservoirs, especially those influenced by strong contrasts in permeability at multiple scales. We have found that utilizing these static models in a dynamic sense places new requirements upon the models, and forces a reevaluation of the theoretical foundations behind our flow simulators. We review a range of physical and numerical concepts, and provide the required conceptual extensions and new derivations. Introduction The last several years have seen an explosive growth in the ability of the petroleum industry to develop flow simulation models based upon detailed three dimensional geologic descriptions.1–9 As "Shared Earth" models, they provide an integrated repository of static data and a means of visualizing and integrating well and reservoir data at multiple scales.10–12 These models tend to be large and complex, as they include the reservoir structural framework, reservoir zonation and flow units, trends in quality, and local reservoir heterogeneity. Such an integrated data set offers a significant opportunity to improve our mechanistic understanding of fluid flow through our reservoirs, especially those impacted by strong contrasts in permeability and the interaction of complexity at these many scales.13–15 Until recently, such modeling activities have required access to research codes, and specialists to utilize them. But, with a wide range of vendor tools now available, it is possible to build such models within asset teams without the direct involvement of the specialists. However, this does not imply that the underlying technology has matured to the point where it can be used routinely. In the course of an asset study of bypassed oil within the Magnus reservoir, we have repeatedly run into limitations of the available industry tools. This is especially true in the treatment of the geologic model as a flow simulator, e.g., in performing fluid flow simulation on the geologic grid, with that model providing the initialization data. We do not believe that this is a shortcoming of the specific tools, but is instead due to the additional requirements being placed upon our theoretical foundations by these new reservoir modeling applications. In some instances the theoretical foundations seem to be well developed; we need only to generalize the derivations. This is the case when evaluating well connection factors for wells at arbitrary orientations to the computational grid, now with a (symmetric) full tensor permeability.16–22 Some concepts need only a slight reexamination. How does the definition of tensor permeability differ between the geologic model and a flow simulator? Other concepts and algorithms have relied heavily upon the existence of a computational grid with an (I, J, K) "shoe box" topology. These are the most in need of reexamination. The most important is the definition of transmissibility if the principle directions of permeability are not aligned with the computational grid. The most "obvious" generalization of the ECLIPSE NEWTRAN equation is not guaranteed to provide positive transmissibilities.23–25 What formulation (or formulations) should we use instead? Similarly, the usual equations for the upscaling of effective permeability from a fine to a coarse grid is strongly dependent upon the shoe box topology of the grid.26,27 How do we formulate the upscaling calculation when the fine grid is not a simple refinement of the coarse grid, or where upscaling regions are irregular in shape? There are also new requirements placed upon the geologic model. A computational grid and static model which is adequate for defining volumes may be far from optimal for modeling flow. This is demonstrated within the Magnus geologic model at reservoir zone boundaries, where the erosion of one zone by another generates nonconformities across much of the grid. A new gridding algorithm has been implemented, improving our ability to model flow at these boundaries. A simple treatment of transmissibility across the pinched out cells at the zone boundaries is also derived, which greatly simplifies the finite difference formulation at the boundary. Work was performed as much as possible using standard industry tools. As a result the issues that arise, and the solutions we present, will reflect a compromise between the "correct" or "ultimate" solutions and those that are practical today. Nonetheless, we believe that the conceptual developments and many of the particular solutions we present will be of general applicability. This paper will first discuss the management of the computational grid at zone boundaries and the transmissibility across pinched-out cells. It will be necessary to include a brief introduction to the modeling requirements posed by the remaining oil study of the Magnus reservoir. Permeability will be discussed next. How does its representation differ between the geologic and simulation models? Transmissibility will be reviewed and two different formulations will be derived. The applicability of each will be discussed. An extension of Peaceman's expression for the well connection factor to full tensor permeability will be provided, although with minimal details of the derivation. The final section of the paper provides two formulations of the upscaling of effective permeability: one for each of the two definitions of transmissibility. Key result equations are listed at the end of each section. Smedvig's IRAP Reservoir Modeling System (IRAP/RMS version 4.0.7) was used to construct the geologic models.28 TSC's streamline based FRONTSIM simulator was used for the flow modeling.29 BP's TIME OF FLIGHT (TOF) streamline code30–32 was used to visualize the flow solutions. (At the time of this project, industry codes were unable to provide this capability.) A research upscaling code was used for the demonstration examples cited in the last section of this paper, but not for any of the production work. Managing the 3D Geologic Grid The issues that we discuss have all arisen in an evaluation of the habitat of the remaining oil of the Magnus sand member (MSM) of the Magnus reservoir.33 The Magnus MSM is a large Upper Jurassic, sand dominated, turbidite reservoir. It was discovered in 1974, commenced production in August of 1983, and was on plateau until January of 1995. Since then, decline has been managed with an active infill drilling program.34
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Curtin, Erin. "Tennessee Education Savings Account: Tipping the Scales From Equity to Choice." Iris Journal of Scholarship 2 (July 12, 2020): 98–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.15695/iris.v2i0.4771.
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This article provides an analysis of Tennessee’s newly signed Education Savings Account policy, a school choice initiative. The policy provides vouchers, in the form of a debit card, to students in grades K-12 who are at or below 200% of the federal poverty line and are zoned to attend a Nashville, Shelby County, or Achievement School District school. Using the Policy Window Framework the author uncovers that the policy was created in a federal and state-level political convergence, which attempted to place equity at the forefront of the issue. However, using Levin's Comprehensive Education Privatization Framework, we can see that neoliberal ideals of choice and efficiency conquer equity in the finalized policy. The author predicts the outcomes of this new policy using this framework in tandem with 3 case studies: Louisiana Scholarship Program, DC Opportunity Scholarship Program, and Tennessee’s Individualized Education Accounts.
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Whalen, Brian. "Introduction." Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 13, no. 1 (2006): vi—viii. http://dx.doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v13i1.169.
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This is an ambitious year for Frontiers. In addition to this eclectic volume of articles, we will be collaborating with the Forum on Education Abroad on two Special Issues: A History of Study Abroad, Beginnings to 1965 and our second Undergraduate Research volume. We are grateful to the IFSA Foundation for providing the funding that helps to make these publications possible. 
 Both the History of Study Abroad and the Undergraduate Research volume will debut at the Forum Conference in Austin, Texas, March 1–3, 2007. The History is written by Bill Hoffa, and it is landmark publication that provides insight into the development of study abroad as a field. Bill’s research and writing makes our work more meaningful, and we are pleased to be able to publish it.
 The second Undergraduate Research volume contains a wide range of examples of student research conducted as part of study abroad. In this volume we are pleased to provide another perspective on this example of student learning: that of the on-site faculty advisor. We have asked faculty who advised and supervised the student research on-site to discuss the meaning of the research within the context of the local community in which it was conducted. The introduction to this volume by Paul Houlihan, President of the School for Field Studies, discusses the importance of considering the needs and perspectives of the communities in which our students conduct their research.
 Our partnership with the Forum continues to produce important results that benefit the field of education abroad. We look forward to publishing a third volume featuring Undergraduate Research (2008) as well as Part Two of the History of Study Abroad in this ongoing collaboration. Other special projects are also being planned to benefit both Frontiers readers and Forum members. 
 This volume at hand reflects our commitment to publishing a wide variety of approaches to understanding study abroad. The lead article by J. Kline Harrison, “The Relationship between International Study Tour Effects and the Personality Variables of Self-Monitoring and Core Self-Evaluations” provides more data on the outcomes of short-term study abroad, in this case business study tours that are embedded within home campus courses. Harrison investigates the perceived effectiveness of these tours and the associated impact on two personality variables: “self-monitoring” and “core self-evaluations.” The results of this research inform us about the benefits of this type of study abroad and also about instruments that may be useful to employ in other studies assessing the impact of study abroad.
 Our second article is from colleagues at the Lienhard School of Nursing at Pace University, Sophie R. Kaufman, David N. Ekstrom, and Lillie M. Shortridge-Baggett. Their article, “Assessing International Opportunities in Higher Education: A Matrix-based Assessment Tool,” presents a means to evaluate strategically international program opportunities on our campuses and within our organizations. The authors draw on their implementation of this assessment tool on their own campus to make a case for it. At a time when many of us are faced with often competing ideas for study abroad expansion, this tool may very well prove to be useful for helping us to make strategic decisions.
 In her article, “Re-Reading Student Texts: Intertextuality and Constructions of Self and Other in the Contact Zone,” Karen Rodriguez, a Resident Director in Guanajuato, Mexico, expands our understanding of study abroad texts, identities, pedagogy and student learning. Using a student’s poem as her starting point, Rodriguez applies insights from critical theory to analyze the study abroad learning environment. Her article prompts us to consider the multiple ways in which our students are engaged in an ongoing textual interplay in which they are simultaneously writers, co-writers, and texts being written. 
 Jacqueline McLaughlin and Kent Johnson offer a fruitful way to frame the short-term study abroad experience in order to maximize student learning and the assessment of learning outcomes. In their “Assessing the Field Course Experiential Learning Model: Transforming Collegiate Short-term Study Abroad Experiences into Rich Learning Environments,” the authors aim to present a program model that facilitates critical thinking while engaging students in active scientific inquiry. Presenting a case study of their three-week course in Costa Rica, McLaughlin and Johnson provide an example of how to integrate curricular design with assessment practice.
 In his “Ethnographic Inquiry: Reframing the Learning Core of Education Abroad,” Anthony Ogden uses case studies and theories about intercultural competency in order to propose that ethnographic inquiry become the core of our education abroad programs. Ogden takes us through the various facets of education abroad programs and discusses the value of integrating an ethnographic approach into each one to yield more effective learning outcomes. He emphasizes that to incorporate this learning paradigm does not require a complete overhaul of programs, but rather a reframing of them.
 The final two articles in this volume offer differing viewpoints on study abroad in non-traditional locations. In his “Non-traditional Study Abroad Destinations: Analysis of a Trend,” Ryan Wells defines and discusses study in non-traditional locations by comparing the benefits of and rationales for these programs with those of study abroad programs in traditional locations. Wells concludes that based on his analysis study abroad in non-traditional locations appears to help individuals, institutions, and society to meet their respective goals for education abroad.
 Michael Woolf presents a different view in his “Come and See the Poor People: The Pursuit of Exotica.” He argues that study abroad in non-traditional locations is proceeding without enough thought being given to the intellectual and academic reasons for it. Woolf asserts that what is attracting the development of study abroad in non-traditional locations more often than not is a fascination with the exotic, and that this is not a desirable or realistic way to develop such programs, especially when education abroad, more than ever, needs to be taken seriously.
 I want to take this opportunity once again to thank our institutional sponsors. Their continued support of Frontiers makes it possible to publish what we hope are thought-provoking and useful articles that shed light on the work of study abroad. I want also to extend a special thanks to those colleagues who have served as reviewers of manuscripts for this volume. Frontiers is very much a collaborative effort and our continued growth and success is widely shared.
 Brian Whalen, Dickinson College
 The Forum on Education Abroad
 I n t r o d u c t i o n
 ©2015 The Forum on Education Abroad
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Movchan, T., V. Artеmov, and D. Bulysheva. "THE USE OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES TO OPTIMIZE FARM SIZE." Аграрний вісник Причорномор'я, no. 94 (December 25, 2019): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.37000/abbsl.2019.94.14.
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It is recommended to implement forecasting management models in the area of land use and protection by applying linear programming methods to optimize the size of farms, which land is located in different natural and economic zones. Analysis and assessment of land use in natural-economic zones is a type of management activity for deep understanding of the dialectic of a managed object development and true assessment of its moving forces. This enables to simulate the situation of land use, to identify a specific goal, to choose the means to achieve it and to obtain the optimum result. The implementation of the proposed forecast models of the optimal farm size is carried out by linear programming in three ways (northwest corner method, minimum cost method and What-If analysis method, that uses Solver, a Microsoft Excel add-in program). The implementation of the above approaches is based on the example of four farms and five natural-economic zones. The obtained solutions show that the best result is attained by using Solver for What-If analysis method, a Microsoft Excel add-in program. The northwest corner method gives the worst result, but this is the simplest solution. The minimum cost method depends on the researcher qualification and produces the result that is most often found between the results obtained by the northwest corner method and the "Solver" procedure. When using the method of the northwest corner a program of consideration of different options for the distribution of land resources and the choice of the optimal solution was developed. This allows to find an optimal result of land allocation according to the result, which is similar to the result of the procedure "Solver", but it is more adapted for the direct participation of the researcher in the process of solving problems. There is an opportunity to improve the result by changing the original data, which simulates the forecast of the distribution of farm land in natural-economic zones, while minimizing production costs. In the absence of access to computers, the solutions obtained by the northwest corner and the minimum cost methods can be improved by the potential method.
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Waite, M. W., J. R. Weston, D. W. Davis, and C. J. Pearn. "Identification and Exploitation of a High-Producing Field Extension With Integrated Reservoir Analysis." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 3, no. 03 (2000): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/64533-pa.
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Summary The Wafra field is located in the partitioned neutral zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. The field produces oil from the Ratawi oolite reservoir, which has been under production since 1956. Barriers to fluid movement have severely restricted aquifer support to the overlying carbonate grainstone reservoir, leading to production-induced pressure depletion and low recovery rates. Creative integration of three-dimensional seismic aspects, well log stratigraphy, and engineering analysis revealed an unexploited reservoir extension that is more open to aquifer pressure support. Wells drilled along this extension are expected to yield higher initial production rates and longer sustained production. The model was used to drill two successful step-out wells that have increased field production by over 12,000 BOPD. Eight of ten additional wells have now been drilled as a follow-up to this success. This paper reviews the case history with a focus on the multidisciplinary integration that led to opportunity identification and exploitation. Introduction The Wafra field, jointly operated by Saudi Arabian Texaco and the Kuwait Oil Company, is located in the partitioned neutral zone (PNZ) between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia (Fig. 1). The field has produced from the Lower Cretaceous Ratawi reservoir since 1956. Liquid withdrawal over the years has depleted reservoir pressures in some parts of the field, leading to a decline in production. Based on prior reservoir characterization and simulation studies in 1995,1 a peripheral water injection and an extension development program have been undertaken in order to arrest the decline and increase the production by over 40,000 BOPD.2 In 1996, a 104 sq mile three-dimensional (3D) seismic survey was acquired to help design and implement these programs. Structural and Stratigraphic Framework The Wafra field is a large anticline approximately 6 by 10 miles in dimension (Fig. 2). The field is composed of a main NW-SE trending structural feature called the Main area, and a lower amplitude extension area east of the Main area called East Wafra. The Ratawi oolite reservoir is found at a depth of 6,135 ft subsea at the structural crest and had an original oil-water contact at about 6,520 ft subsea. Most of the structuring occurred in Middle Cretaceous time as sediment draped over deep-seated horst blocks. Oil migration and accumulation are thought to have occurred primarily in Early Eocene time. The Ratawi formation consists of a marine transgressive sequence of carbonate rocks deposited during Early Cretaceous time. The formation is composed of three distinct intervals: the lower-most Ratawi oolite reservoir, and the overlying Ratawi Limestone and Ratawi Shale cap rocks (Fig. 3). The Ratawi oolite reservoir was formed by a prograding carbonate sand shoaling sequence deposited on a low-angle carbonate ramp or detached platform. The commercially productive reservoir interval is composed primarily of porous grainstones and packstones. Less porous packstone, mudstone, and wackestone facies resulted from a more-restricted lagoonal environment in the central part of the field, and deeper marine shelf facies on the platform boundaries. Stratigraphic analysis of well log data provides an understanding of the depositional framework and serves as a basis for modeling facies distribution within the reservoir. Fig. 4a is a well log cross section traversing the Main area and East Wafra along the path A-B in Fig. 2. The gamma ray (GR) log curves are flattened on the base of the Ratawi limestone (cap rock) and span the interval of the Ratawi oolite reservoir. The GR curves indicate a remarkable character similarity from well to well that is almost exclusively related to the presence of uranium minerals.1 This determination is supported by x-ray analysis of core data that found an absence of clay. Additional evidence is found in comparisons of the GR (uranium, potassium and thorium) with the computed GR (potassium and thorium) from spectrometry gamma ray logs. The computed GR data show a largely diminished log character, implying that the GR log character is largely a function of uranium content. Hence, the correlative nature of the GR curves indicates that the uranium was present at the time of deposition—probably due to regional-scale climatic or environmental influences such as atmospheric fall-out from volcanic activity. This explains the consistent levels of uranium, independent of lithology and porosity, and allows detailed chronostratigraphic correlations to be made. Fig. 4b is an east-west stratigraphic cross section through the reservoir along the same path as in Fig. 4a, showing porosity logs with GR depositional time lines superimposed. The thick solid lines mark lithostratigraphic boundaries between an interval consisting primarily of porous grainstone, which for purposes of this paper will be referred to as the "upper reservoir," a tight interval of predominantly mudstone and packstone, referred to as the "Basal barrier," and a porous grainstone interval called the "lower reservoir." Almost all of the Ratawi oil production is from the upper reservoir grainstones. The chronostratigraphic facies heterogeneity evident in Fig. 4b owes its origin to a transgressive sequence of prograding grain shoals deposited in relatively shallow water.3 During the early stages of transgression, as the shoals prograded over the Wafra paleo-high, muds and finer grain carbonates were deposited in intershoal lagoons. As the sea level rose, carbonate sediment productivity and accumulation surpassed the rise in sea level, resulting in an overall shallowing with time. Evidence of this can be seen in the general coarsening upward character of the porosity logs. With progressively shallower water depths and associated higher depositional energy, the grain shoals became spatially more extensive while the lagoonal areas retreated, ending in fairly expansive grain shoals in the later stages of reservoir development. At the end of Ratawi oolite time, a rapid increase in relative sea level drowned the shoaling sequence, and deposited the deeper marine Ratawi limestone and shale members.
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Okolie, Ugochukwu Chinonso, Chinyere Augusta Nwajiuba, Michael Olayinka Binuomote, Christian Ehiobuche, Ntasiobi Chikezie Nwankwo Igu, and Ogungboyega Suliyat Ajoke. "Career training with mentoring programs in higher education." Education + Training 62, no. 3 (2020): 214–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-04-2019-0071.
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PurposeThis study explores how career training with mentoring (CTM) programs work in Nigerian higher education (HE) institutions to foster students' career development and employability of graduates. It also explores how Nigerian HE curriculum can be adequately used to facilitate CTM as well as possible constraints to effective implementation of CTM programs in Nigerian HE institutions.Design/methodology/approachThe study draws on interviews with well-qualified and experienced experts from six Nigerian public universities (each from the 6 geo-political zones of Nigeria), and 20 industries also within the same 6 geo-political zones of Nigeria that were selected for this study using a purposeful sampling technique. The study interviewed 33 experts comprising 21 senior academics at Nigerian universities and 12 industry executives to reveal substantial information about CTM programs in Nigerian HE institutions.FindingsDrawing on the three key themes that emerged during the thematic analysis and linked to social cognitive career theory, it is clear that participants are convinced that CTM can enhance clarity about students' career ambitions, career interests, personal development plans and employability. Findings show that there are some career-related programs or activities that Nigerian HE students are presented with, but the programs have not been effective as to offer graduates quality career guidance and employability skills that employers demand. Acknowledging these, participants recommend establishing CTM centres in all Nigerian HE institutions to provide students with the opportunity to receive quality career advice, coaching and mentoring services while schooling.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study shed light on varying resources required to cope with the demands of labour market in terms of supply of competent workforce that can contribute to Nigeria's economic growth and development. The findings are highly relevant for Nigeria and other developing countries' policy and research initiatives that aim to promote social inclusion and equity and improve better working conditions for all. The findings also have implications for career development and employability of HE graduates in developing world context.Originality/valueUnderstanding the role that CTM programs can play in facilitating career development and graduate employability can arguably be of importance within the developing world context. This study, therefore, provides significant suggestions on how to build sustained HEIs and labour market partnership to foster career development and employability of HE graduates through establishing CTM centres in every Nigerian HE institutions.
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Zghibi, Adel, Ali Mirchi, Mohamed Haythem Msaddek, et al. "Using Analytical Hierarchy Process and Multi-Influencing Factors to Map Groundwater Recharge Zones in a Semi-Arid Mediterranean Coastal Aquifer." Water 12, no. 9 (2020): 2525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092525.
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Mapping groundwater recharge zones (GWRZs) is essential for planning artificial recharge programs to mitigate groundwater decline and saltwater intrusion into coastal aquifers. We applied two multi-criteria decision-making approaches, namely the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the multi-influencing factors (MIF), to map GWRZs in the Korba aquifer in northeastern Tunisia. GWRZ results from the AHP indicate that the majority (69%) of the area can be classified as very good and good for groundwater recharge. The MIF results suggest larger (80.7%) very good and good GWRZs. The GWRZ maps improve groundwater balance calculations by providing estimates of recharge-precipitation ratios to quantify percolation. Lithology, land use/cover and slope were the most sensitive parameters followed by geomorphology, lineament density, rainfall, drainage density and soil type. The AHP approach produced relatively more accurate results than the MIF technique based on correlation of the obtained GWRZs with groundwater well discharge data from 20 wells across the study area. The accuracy of the approaches ultimately depends on the classification criteria, mean rating score and weights assigned to the thematic layers. Nonetheless, the GWRZ maps suggest that there is ample opportunity to implement aquifer recharge programs to reduce groundwater stress in the Korba aquifer.
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Dudek, Anna. "The Development of Tourism in Protected Areas and the Exploitation of the Natural Environment by Local Communities in Africa and Asia." Miscellanea Geographica 11, no. 1 (2004): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2004-0029.
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Abstract From an economic point of view, protected areas do not bring in high profits, in comparison to other possible ways of land usage. National parks and nature reserves are costly in their creation, as well as in their subsequent upkeep and management. In developing countries, their operation can be the source of many political and economic problems. Usually, local communities neighboring protected areas perceive the existence of a protected zone negatively, although they are often able to avail themselves of park resources in various ways. Besides being given the opportunity to rationally make use of certain park resources, community members may be employed as park attendants, which is a practice that is widespread. A part of the profits obtained from the developing tourist industry may be allocated towards local development programs, e.g. the building of a new hospital or school. Some national parks, while lacking the adequate infrastructure necessary for tourism, grapple with a lack of funds. The lack of earning opportunities in connection with the development of tourism results in the local community’s over-exploitation of park resources. This often manifests itself in an increased incidence of poaching in the protected area.
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Poe, Jonathan C., Wei Jia, Zhiguo Li, et al. "Targeting the Human Notch 2-BCR Axis: A Driver of B-Cell Hyper-Responsiveness in Active Chronic Graft-Versus Host Disease (cGVHD)." Blood 126, no. 23 (2015): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.145.145.
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Abstract While Notch signaling is being well studied with regard to T cell pathology and graft-versus host disease (GVHD) (Tran IT et al., 2013. J. Clin. Invest.), the role of Notch receptors in the development and activation of B cell subsets in chronic GVHD (cGVHD) genesis remains unknown. We previously identified a subset of Ôpre-germinal centerÕ B cells within the peripheral blood of cGVHD patients that is largely absent in patients without cGVHD. In addition to cell surface characteristics, this extrafollicular B cell subset has potential functional characteristics of marginal zone (MZ)-like B cells, including increased responsiveness to surrogate antigen stimulation. Along with increased proliferative responses to BCR stimulation, B cells from patients with active cGVHD had significantly increased signaling via proximal B cell receptor (BCR) molecules, including Syk and BLNK. In murine models with lymphopenic environments, Notch 2 binds the ligand Delta-like 1 (DLL1/Dll1) and drives maturation of MZ-like B cells. Also, healthy human B cells have increased Notch receptor responsiveness after BCR stimulation. Together previous studies allowed us to hypothesize that a Notch 2 signaling axis underpins B cell hyper-responsiveness in human cGVHD. We found that limiting dose BCR stimulation with surrogate antigen in the presence of Notch ligand over-expressing cells (OP9-DL1) resulted in maintenance of cell surface Notch 2 expression at significantly higher levels on B cells from patients with active cGVHD compared to patients without cGVHD, as assessed by flow cytometry analysis (P < 0.01). We also found that in the presence of Notch ligand, B cells from patients with active cGVHD responded to minimal BCR stimulation with surrogate antigen. Using nearly 100x less surrogate antigen than was required to induce proliferation without Notch ligand, cGVHD B cells proliferated to a significantly greater degree than B cells from patients with no cGVHD, as evaluated by Ki-67 staining using flow cytometry (P < 0.001 in a two-sided t-test, Figure 1A). Likewise, concomitant BCR- Notch activation of active cGVHD patient B cells was associated with significantly increased B-cell size compared to patients without disease (P < 0.01). BLNK expression in active cGVHD B cells was also maintained at higher levels under these conditions, suggesting a mechanistic link between the BCR and Notch pathways in cGVHD. Strikingly, targeting Notch 2 with an antagonistic monoclonal antibody (mAb) (Wu Y et al., 2010. Nature; kindly provided by Genentech, Inc.) completely abrogated the BCR-Notch axis hyper-responsiveness of active cGVHD B cells without affecting B-cell survival (P < 0.001, Figure 1B). In this in vitro system, using nanoString Technologies¨ gene profiling, we found that two, well-defined effector genes downstream of Notch signaling were significantly decreased in active cGVHD B cells after exposure to the anti-Notch 2 mAb (P = 0.0006 and P < 0.02, respectively, compared to isotype control mAb). Also consistent with a Notch 2-driven activation pathway, the expression of multiple genes involved in homeostasis/cell cycle regulation were altered in active cGVHD B cells exposed to anti-Notch 2 mAb (P < 0.01). Finally, ongoing in vivo analyses of the Notch 2 mAb in a pre-clinical mouse model of cGVHD indicates that Notch 2 blockade does not negatively impact early B cell recovery following bone marrow transplantation. These results may reveal that therapeutic targeting of Notch 2 alone would be sufficient to quell B cell hyper-responsiveness in active cGVHD, while preserving protective humoral immunity. In summary, our data suggest a working model in which Notch-mediated aberrant B cell maturation contributes to cGVHD pathophysiology. In this model, Notch 2 stimulation along with a combination of complex B-cell selection and tolerance mechanisms afford production of pathological B cells. Given that Notch 2 is a cell surface receptor expressed by activated B cell subsets of pathological relevance, and Notch 2 blockade has been shown to be well-tolerated in pre-clinical models, our findings support an important clinical opportunity: Targeting Notch 2 on B cells in active cGVHD represents a viable future therapeutic strategy worthy of continued investigation. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grant 5K08-HL107756, and a Translational Research Program grant from the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. Figure 1. Figure 1. Disclosures Rizzieri: Teva: Other: ad board, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Other: ad board, Speakers Bureau.
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Yarasheva, A. V. "REGIONAL ECONOMIC PROBLEMS: LABOR POTENTIAL OF THE FAR EAST DEVELOPMENT." Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management, no. 3 (October 7, 2018): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31775/2305-3100-2018-3-32-37.
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The article deals with the problem of reducing the total population and reducing labor potential in the Far Eastern Federal District of the Russian Federation. Among the reasons that influence this process, a relatively low standard of living of the population is identified (lagging behind the average Russian population shares with incomes below the subsistence level, unemployment and access to social benefits), which contributes to an increase in migration outflows. Against the backdrop of a negative coefficient of natural profit, the migration of the able-bodied strata of the population poses a threat to the implementation of the state plan for the long-term social and economic development of the Far East. It has been suggested that the implementation of the “Far Eastern Capital” program is one of the ways to attract highly educated labor resources to the territory of the subjects of the Far-Eastern macroregion. The program envisages the allocation of financial resources that are applied by the population exclusively in the given territory in order to improve their living standards (housing and the opportunity to open their own business), as well as the quality of the educational (and hence labor) potential. The increase in population due to the solution of issues of material and social well-being will contribute to the expansion of domestic effective demand in the Far East. This, in turn, will lead to the successful functioning of the territories of advanced development and special zones of investment attractiveness.
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Dutta, P. K., and O. P. Mishra. "Fractal analysis of INSAR and correlation with graph-cut based image registration for coastline deformation analysis: post seismic hazard assessment of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake region." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems Discussions 2, no. 1 (2012): 149–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gid-2-149-2012.
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Abstract. Satellite imagery for 2011 earthquake off the Pacific coast of Tohoku has provided an opportunity to conduct image transformation analyses by employing multi-temporal images retrieval techniques. In this study, we used a new image segmentation algorithm to image coastline deformation by adopting graph cut energy minimization framework. Comprehensive analysis of available INSAR images using coastline deformation analysis helped extract disaster information of the affected region of the 2011 Tohoku tsunamigenic earthquake source zone. We attempted to correlate fractal analysis of seismic clustering behavior with image processing analogies and our observations suggest that increase in fractal dimension distribution is associated with clustering of events that may determine the level of devastation of the region. The implementation of graph cut based image registration technique helps us to detect the devastation across the coastline of Tohoku through change of intensity of pixels that carries out regional segmentation for the change in coastal boundary after the tsunami. The study applies transformation parameters on remotely sensed images by manually segmenting the image to recovering translation parameter from two images that differ by rotation. Based on the satellite image analysis through image segmentation, it is found that the area of 0.997 sq km for the Honshu region was a maximum damage zone localized in the coastal belt of NE Japan forearc region. The analysis helps infer using matlab that the proposed graph cut algorithm is robust and more accurate than other image registration methods. The analysis shows that the method can give a realistic estimate for recovered deformation fields in pixels corresponding to coastline change which may help formulate the strategy for assessment during post disaster need assessment scenario for the coastal belts associated with damages due to strong shaking and tsunamis in the world under disaster risk mitigation programs.
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Pozdnyakova, E. M. "BACHELOR DEGREE PROGRAMS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND REGIONAL STUDIES: A COMPETENCE-BASED APPROACH TO PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF STUDENTS IN FOREIGN LANGUAGES." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 6(33) (December 28, 2013): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2013-6-33-101-105.
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The notion of scientific paradigm has taken some time to be accepted by linguists, and eventoday the problem of boundaries of coexisting nowadays linguistic paradigms remains debatable. Althoughmethodological guidelines of a paradigm of scientific knowledge in linguistics have in principle beenworked out, the fact that linguistics is intensively approaching interdisciplinarity entails the appearance ofoverlapping zones “on the boundaries” of linguistic paradigms as well as “on the boundaries” of linguisticsand other cognitive sciences. Cognitive-discursive paradigm offers results of research, devoted to the role oflanguage unfolding in thought. Being both fundamental and experimental, cognitive approach contributessignificantly to the development of applied sciences, in particular to the theory and methodology of languageteaching. The approach gives opportunity to study conceptualization and categorization processes, lexicaland discursive competence in the view of applied teaching goals.The article stresses that cognitive-discursive paradigm:– is increasingly growing in its interdisciplinary nature, thus approaching even closer the EFL teaching;– investigates represented in the language knowledge and experience structures, introducing theexperience of the world around us into lexical competence of EFL students;– considers one of its major tasks further investigation of mental lexicon;– as the discursive practice is becoming even more accessible for EFL students in the course of on-linecommunication, it offers new methods of teaching communication, based on cognitive theory of discourse.
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Marshall, Thomas, Ewa M. Mottier, and Robert A. Lewis. "Motivational Factors And The Hospitality Industry: A Case Study Examining The Effects Of Changes In The Working Environment." Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS) 11, no. 3 (2015): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jbcs.v11i3.9289.
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The Mandarin Oriental Hotel in Bangkok is a world-wide leader in hospitality management. A critical ingredient for their success has been developing and maintaining superior performance from their employees. How is that accomplished? What Human Resource Management (HRM) practices should organizations invest in to acquire and retain great employees? Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of providing a supportive work environment, one that engenders employee satisfaction and promotes effective service performance among hospitality employees. But what is a supportive environment for hotel workers who are required to be responsive to the needs of guests twenty four hours a day? The Mandarin Oriental’s unique approach involved building a separate area in the hotel dedicated to the well-being of their employees. This area—The O-Zone—originated from the idea of providing workplaces which support fun and enjoyment as part of work-life balance. The case focuses attention on how changes in the working environment can significantly enhance the recognition and appreciation of employees A dedicated employee center in the hospitality industry has not been explored before and offers up an exceptional opportunity to examine the effect on motivation and how the center may be appreciated differently by employees based on gender, department and work experience—an important consideration for Human Resources when designing incentive programs.
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Loktiev, A. A. "Heat regime of Transcarpathian depression." Мінеральні ресурси України, no. 2 (August 19, 2020): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31996/mru.2020.2.25-31.
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A mathematical model of the temperature field was constructed and the temperature values for hypsometric levels of 1000, 2000 and 3000 m were calculated. for these hypsometric levels, as well as a map of the isothermal surface +50 ºC.
 Working with this program involves the construction of digital models of the surface, ancillary operations with them and visualization of surfaces. The digital model of the surface has the form of values in the nodes of a rectangular regular grid, the dimension of which depends on the specific problem to be solved. The efficiency of the program of interpolation of two-dimensional functions is determined by the following aspects: a set of various interpolation methods; the ability of the researcher to control the various parameters of these methods; availability of means of an estimation of accuracy and reliability of the constructed surface; the opportunity to clarify the result based on the personal experience of the expert in view of various additional factors that could not be depicted as source data.
 It is confirmed that the patterns of distribution of the natural thermal field in the upper part of the earth’s crust are due to a number of reasons, the main of which are the lithological composition of rocks, features of tectonic structure and the nature of groundwater movement. As a result of the analysis of graphic constructions, a sharp decrease in the subsoil warming towards the Carpathian folded structure was witnessed. It has been scientifically proven that the subsoil warming within the Mukachevo basin is much higher than within the Solotvyno basin. The confinement of geothermal anomalies to zones of intensive development of deep faults has been confirmed mathematically and experimentally. Based on this feature, it can be argued that the presence of positive geothermal anomalies is a criterion of gas bearing capacity for predicting deposits within local defiection objects.
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Şerifoğlu, Tevfik Emre. "The Malatya-Elazığ region during the Middle Bronze Age: a re-evaluation of the archaeological evidence." Anatolian Studies 57 (December 2007): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s006615460000853x.
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AbstractThe Malatya-Elaziğ area is one of the most intensively studied regions in eastern Turkey, but archaeologically the general picture is still not very clear. Most of the archaeological excavations and surveys in the area were conducted as part of the Keban and Turkish lower Euphrates salvage projects within a very short period of time. Although the project results were published, still most of the original data is not available and few intensive field projects have since undertaken to fill the gaps between the previously studied areas. As the survey areas are now under water, there is no opportunity to re-survey the areas covered. Under these circumstances, it seems useful to re-analyse the available material in conjunction with evidence provided by other disciplines like geography, geology and even biology up to an extent, aided by certain computer applications; predominantly GIS software but also certain computer programs used by other disciplines for specific analyses. This re-evaluation of the current evidence has made it possible to identify a settlement system that was formed of small clusters of sites, and it can also be suggested that the area was divided into three cultural zones during most of the Middle Bronze Age.
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Myerson, Mark. "A brief perspective of foot and ankle leadership over the decades." Journal of the Foot & Ankle 14, no. 3 (2020): 221–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30795/jfootankle.2020.v14.1216.
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I remember so clearly when I first became a member of the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society in the early 1980s. I knew everyone. It was a small organization that facilitated friendships, collegiality as well as academic and professional interaction. Now as then, these incredible friendships that we have all established over the decades define our professional life.
 
 For those of you who have been involved in the education of residents and fellows you will understand how relevant this is to your own personal growth. I have always felt strongly that you cannot be an educator unless you’re prepared to listen to your students. In the earlier years of training fellows, it was not much of an age differential, and while there was always a matter of the difference in knowledge and experience, I did not yet have the “seniority”. However, over the decades I’ve learned that some of our closest relationships emanate from these mentoring experiences. Here is a quote from Dr George Quill, a fellow in 1989: “In hindsight, I was doubly fortunate to be only the second surgeon in the world to matriculate with Mark Myerson because, in doing so, I gained a generous mentor and a dear friend for life!” Remember this: as an educator you inevitably give of yourself, but you will also receive something in return. When we share compassion with others, we are all tremendously enriched. Teaching of residents and fellows is a responsibility that we all share. During the formative training particularly of fellows, I want them “to lose their GPS”. Residents learn by repetition, but this encourages sterility without analysis. And by following the acquisition of knowledge blindly without questioning and analyzing the process does not help one grow. This is what I mean about losing your GPS, since sooner or later our fellows need to break away from the mentality of being guided by their mentor’s thinking and develop strategies of their own.
 
 I have never been afraid to push the envelope of experiences, and I have always embraced intellectual, personal, academic, and professional challenges. Many of you may have heard me saying that life begins at the edge of your comfort zone. In my practice of medicine, I’ve never felt any room for complacency. To accept everything as given, whether we read it in a prominent journal, or hear it from a colleague is meaningless until we can prove it for ourselves. This I learned from my mentor, Dr. Melvin Jahss who insisted in the early 1980’s that very few things were actually new ideas. He maintained that if one read the literature in depth, particularly in other languages, it was all there. I was reminded this many years later when I “rediscovered” what we knowas today as the Ludloff osteotomy. I was sure that I had performed a new procedure. However, sure enough, my fellow at the time Dr. Hans Trnka found this technique referred to in the German literature, and although my technique was completely different since Ludloff did not use any fixation, the rest is history.
 Where do new ideas come from? I’m sure that all of you have said to yourselves at one point in time or another “oh, why did I not think of that?” As long as I can remember I have derived immense satisfaction and enrichment from research and investigation, and this passion has never diminished. It has been part of my life and continues to be an integral source of stimulation for me. Many of you do not have the resources nor access to research, but I am sure that all of you wonder about outcomes and results pertaining to your own innovative thinking. Try to share these ideas with others and find like-minded individuals who want to explore new ideas. Some of the most productive times for me have been when I am sitting quietly listening to music. When I go to the symphony orchestra, I scribble research notes and ideas onto the program. Multitasking it’s something that for surgeons comes naturally. Find a quiet time for yourselves and just think, don’t do!
 
 As many of you know, I’ve devoted these past years to humanitarian service through an organization which I founded, Steps2Walk (www.steps2walk.org). This has been an extraordinary journey, and I and the others who have supported us either on our medical advisory board, or as surgeon volunteers have all been touched and blessed by this opportunity. The spectrum of deformities which we treat is indeed challenging, but when by performing humanitarian service, one experiences the deep fulfillment that can only come from improving the lives of others. I truly believe that you cannot experience your practice of orthopedic surgery nor reach your potential until you do something for someone who can never repay you.
 
 Steve Jobs said that “the people who are crazy enough to think that they can change the world are the ones who do”.
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Sousa, Nayara Francisca Cabral de, Rafaella Nunes Lucena, Raquel Bezerra dos Santos, and Weslla Karla Albuquerque de Paula. "The appyroaches of contraceptive methods by nurses from the family health strateg program for lactating women." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 6, no. 2 (2012): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/reuol.2052-14823-1-le.0602201219.
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ABSTRACTObjective: to analyze the development of educational activities promoted by professional nurses for lactating women, during family planning, as part of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) program in the urban areas of Caruaru Municipality, Pernambuco, Brazil. Method: descriptive and exploratory quantitative field research and non-probabilistic convenience sampling. The sample was composed of 27 nurses. The data were collected from a questionnaire including 19 objective questions after written informed consent was obtained (protocol 576/09, registered under the Ethics Committee in Research from the Associação Caruaruense de Ensino Superior). Results: during the analysis, it was noted that most of the nurses (88.5%) had promoted educational activities regarding family planning and declared the need for related periodic professional training. The use of condoms was mentioned as the most appropriate method during lactation and also for lactating multiparous women. Conclusion: the FHS program does not involve educational activities focusing on family planning, missing an opportunity to expound on contraceptive methods. This study verified that education is given by most of the nurses who guide lactating women toward correct contraceptive methods that do not pose risks to breastfeeding. Descriptors: contraception; puerperium; breastfeeding; family planning.RESUMOObjetivo: analisar o desenvolvimento de atividades educativas às lactantes realizadas pelos enfermeiros (as) durante o planejamento familiar nas Estratégias de Saúde da Família (ESF) da zona urbana do município de Caruaru. Método: pesquisa de campo de abordagem descritiva e exploratória, de natureza quantitativa, não probabilística por conveniência. A amostra foi composta por 27 enfermeiros. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi composto por 19 perguntas objetivas, preenchidas pelos participantes após assinatura do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido, sob protocolo 576/09 do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Faculdade ASCES. Resultados: durante a análise observou-se que a maioria (88,5%) das entrevistadas realizava atividades educativas sobre planejamento familiar e sentiam necessidade de capacitação periódica relacionada ao tema. O preservativo foi indicado pelos participantes como método mais adequado ao período da lactação, e também para multíparas lactantes. Conclusão: conclui-se que algumas ESF não realizam atividade educativa voltadas para o planejamento familiar, restringindo esse momento apenas como oportunidade para entrega de métodos contraceptivos, o que não é a realidade da maioria delas. Verificou-se que ações educativas são realizadas pela maioria dos enfermeiros, que orientam os corretos métodos contraceptivos às lactantes sem oferecer risco no processo da amamentação. Descritores: anticoncepção; puerpério; amamentação; planejamento familiar.RESUMENObjetivo: analizar el desarrollo de las actividades educativas realizadas por los enfermeros para la enfermería (as) para la planificación familiar en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF) en el área urbana del municipio de Caruaru. Método: un estudio de campo del enfoque descriptivo y exploratorio, cuantitativo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 27 enfermeras y se caracteriza por ser no aleatoria. El instrumento de recolección de datos se compone de 19 preguntas objetivas completado por los participantes después de la explicación del estudio y la firma de un consentimiento informado, protocolo 576/09 del Comité de Ética en Investigación de la Facultad de ascetismo. Resultados: a partir del análisis de los cuestionarios, se observó que la mayoría (88,5%) de los encuestados la realización de actividades educativas sobre planificación familiar y percibe la necesidad de formación relacionados con el tema de cada seis meses. Los condones fueron mencionados por los participantes como el más adecuado para el período de lactancia, y para las madres multíparas. Conclusión: a través del estudio podemos concluir que las actividades educativas se llevan a cabo por las enfermeras en enfermería de la ESF, de la zona urbana del municipio de Caruaru-PE, se centró en la planificación familiar y métodos anticonceptivos más recomendados por profesionales para que la audiencia no interfiere con el proceso de amamantamiento, demostrando que las enfermeras están llevando a cabo intervenciones educativas para segundo anticonceptivos recomendados por el Ministerio de Salud. Descriptores: la anticoncepción; puerperio; la lactancia maternal; planificación familiar.
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Yimame, Kidist Teferra, and Fikre Dubale Betree. "Verification of Efficacy of Bitoxybacillin/ Bacillus thuringiensis on Red Spider Mite, Tetranychusurticae on Cut Roses." Research on World Agricultural Economy 1, no. 1 (2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36956/rwae.v1i1.240.
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Cut roses industries, new income resource in Ethiopia, most of flower industries are established near and around to Addis Ababa city, especially in west and east Shewa zones, most of flower enterprise established by foreigner, which is enhance global economy and creates jobs opportunity. Red spider mite, Tetranychusurticae is the major obstacles for flower production here in Ethiopia, in order to increase the quality and quantity of flower production need to plan different control strategies. Objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of these naturally occurring bacteria in controlling the red spider mite in rose flower farms. This experiment was donning on Menagesh, Gallica flower farm and the variety was Limbo flower, the application time was at flowering stage. Two rounds at the rate of 7ml/l by using Motorized knapsack sprayer for four consecutive months. The analysis of variance on mite count data after the application of Bitoxybacillin (Bt) and Abamectin 1.8%EC showed no significant difference (p>0.05) even after 21 days after the second spray (Table 1). However, the population density of the spider mite in Bt treated plots was very low in all sampling dates compared to the untreated check and Abamectin. The pest population (original data) after three weeks of the Bitoxybacillin applications was 68.1 per stem compared to Abamectin 1.8%EC (125.1) and control (110.57) indicating the registered miticide failed to suppress the mite population in roses. Bitoxybacill, would be advisable to have it registered in Ethiopia as alternative synthetic miticides for the control of red spider mite in Integrated Pest Management program.