Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Opposition (science politique) – Koweït'
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Dazi-Héni, Fatiha. "La dîwâniyya : entre changement social et recompositions politiques au Koweit au cours de la décennie 1981-1992." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0010.
Full textThis study is based on a fieldwork realized between 1989-1992 in Kuwait. The purpose is to analyse social and political strategies of two concurential elites. The old merchant class constituted of proeminent sunni and shi'a families is stil l very influential in the social and political spheres. It's because this group has developped since the 18th century a very cohesive network of social relationships through diwaniyyas and mutual economical interests. The new elite from the socalled "nex middle class" emerged as a moder political and social actor since the mid-eighties. The rentier state and the ruling family's political will have both encourage emergence to break the political predominance of the old merchant class. Here we show that the new elite has developped its own strategies to reinterprate the social tradition and the local folklore through Diwaniyyas. The new young elite (30-45) years old try to integrate. Political modernism through the transformation and the new interpretation given to this traditional private space with is today a semi-public political forum. Finally, these two elites succeeded in expressing a modern political discourse in a tribalized ideology state
Gleich, Michael. "Chile : Spielräume der demokratischen Opposition zwischen Diktatur und Demokratie /." Saarbrücken : Breitenbach, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb370620393.
Full textRamadji, Alfred. "L'opposition partisane dans le systeme politique tchadien 1993 – 2011." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0119/document.
Full textThe research undertaken in this thesis is situated in the global framework of the study of political parties in Chad. However, beyond the partisan experience, our argument underlines the very nature of the partisan antagonism. We defend the idea that the opposition poorly mobilises and manages its political resources. On one hand, the political offer that the opposition proposes is ideologically weak, unclear and less contrasted; and on the other hand, the opposition develops a inefficient and incoherent strategy to manage its political resources. Another major axis in our reflection in this thesis defends the idea the internal limits would not be sufficient to justify the powerlessness and inefficiency of the opposition. The party in power works to weaken the opposition in order to reinforce its hegemony. In effect, in the political competition with the MPS, the opposition is subject to a sort of inequitable exchange. As such, the party in power benefits from a comparative advantage due to its position, notably in its dominance of all the State apparatus and the absolute control which it exercises on the institutions of the Republic
Stüwe, Klaus. "Die Opposition im Bundestag und das Bundesverfassungsgericht : das verfassungsgerichtliche Verfahren als Kontrollinstrument der parlamentarischen Minderheit /." Baden-Baden : Nomos-Verl.-Ges, 1997. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/272131261.pdf.
Full textFilipe, António. "As oposições parlamentares em Portugal : prácticas e intervenções, 1976-2000 /." Lisboa : Vega, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb390700827.
Full textNsiri, Brahim. "La presse des oppositions en Tunisie." Bordeaux 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR30044.
Full textBourguiba's goverment attitude towards the press in tunisia is significant and especially towards the pluralism. Honestly speaking, the liberalism even at little dozes consisted in liberalism of the press regulations. This is not only a result emerging from the regime but expresses in a certain way the specifity almost atavistic of the political and oppositionnel life in tunisia. The opposition is first of all journalistic : this was what bourguiba knew during colonialism and this is the case of his detractors nowdays. In the same way, the press was a tempting mean for the liberalism. And before pluralism was really here, visas were distributed to independant news papers (such as errai). At this stage we spoke a lot about bright interval of the press experience, that does not last for a long as the goverment imposed financial and judiciary control on independant news papers or on those that belong to the opposition non recognized but allowed as if there is a threashold of tolerance beyond wich there is any kind of freedom. This threshold intermingls, with the borders of destourian supremacy. In simple terms, the pluralism is controlled by one and unique party and that means nothing but a soft version of monopartism. But we have to notice that the weakness of the oppositional press can not be separated from the desintegration of the opposition an its' press is dependant of the kind of goverment on power. The political parties are still here but with any power
Mbala, Owono Firmin. "Une culture protestataire entre local et transnational : trajectoire des mobilisations anglophones du Cameroun." Bordeaux 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR40090.
Full textThe present research is a contribution to the current effeorts of globalisation of the collective action theories, i. E. Opening-up of their empirical bases. Contrary to the dominant primordialist interpretations, this study considers that the Anglophone Cameroon collective protests fully deserve a sociology of mobilisations. To understand the persistence and the intensity variations of these phenomena over the longue durée, we propose an integrated framework based on the most recent theoretical developments, without rejecting the Africanist sociology most solid assets. In the wake of an emerging body of work it is suggested that a relevant recycling enables to articulate the categories of "resistance" ans "protestation". This approach is then implemented in two main steps. The first confronts historical and ethnographic data to shed some light on the formation of a collective action repertoire for the considered area. Following the contentious episode of 1990-95, the second part shows how this protest know-how is maintained, enriched or wasted through various trajectories of mobilisations' relative specialisation : institutionalisation, radicalisation and socialisation. Finally, despite increased environmental constraints, a rich Anglophone protest culture, opened and clearly confrontative appears, rooted in a series of local daily practices, as well as fed by transnational dynamics
Neubert, Ehrhart. "Geschichte der Opposition in der DDR, 1949-1989 /." Berlin : C. Links, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37097399m.
Full textMunyarugerero, François-Xavier. "Réseaux, pouvoirs, oppositions : la compétition politique au Rwanda /." Paris : l'Harmattan, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38975343s.
Full textBerrahou, Salah Eddine. "L'état d'exception au Maroc : essai sur les rapports entre le pouvoir et les partis politiques de l'opposition /." Marrakech : Université Cadi Ayyad, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40938195c.
Full textJansen, Christian. "Einheit, Macht und Freiheit : die Paulskirchenlinke und die deutsche Politik in der nachrevolutionären Epoche 1849-1867 /." Düsseldorf : Droste Verl, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38812833q.
Full textMejia, Lopez Juan Alfonso. "L'édification d'un parti pour l'alternance : le cas du Parti Accion National au Mexique, 1988-2000." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010333.
Full textMoritz, Torsten. "Gruppen der DDR-Opposition in Ost-Berlin, gestern und heute : eine Analyse der Entwicklung ausgewählter Ost-Berliner Oppositionsgruppen vor und nach 1989 /." Berlin : VWF, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb388099266.
Full textRenaudet, Isabelle. "Un parlement de papier : la presse d'opposition au franquisme durant la dernière décennie de la dictature et la transition démocratique /." Madrid : Casa de Velázquez, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39155840g.
Full textEn appendice, choix de documents. Bibliogr. p. 449-482. Index. Résumés en français, espagnol et anglais.
Bousquet, François-Charles. "Le statut de l'opposition sous la cinquième République." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010323.
Full textBrenez, Lou. "A quoi servent les partis parlementaires d'opposition en Russie ?étude de cas des antennes régionales du Parti libéral-démocrate de Russie, du Parti communiste de la Fédération de Russie et de Russie juste à Tomsk, en 2005-2010." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209747.
Full textLes données, recueillies au cours de huit mois et demi de recherche de terrain en Russie, sont essentiellement qualitatives. Une approche organisationnelle et fonctionnelle de l’étude des partis est utilisée afin de comprendre le rôle de ces trois formations dans le système politique russe.
La thèse s’attache à tester trois hypothèses :les partis parlementaires d’opposition remplissent certaines fonctions dans le système politique qui leur assurent le soutien d’électeurs et d’adhérents ;les organisations partisanes du LDPR, du KPRF et de Russie juste sont centralisées de manière à limiter la marge de manœuvre des branches locales et permettre un contrôle étroit de l’appareil central ;ces trois partis transforment au sein des institutions parlementaires le soutien des électeurs en soutien pour le régime.
Tout d’abord, il apparaît que le KPRF, le LDPR et Russie juste remplissent d’autres fonctions dans le système politique que celle de légitimation/stabilisation (Lavau, 1969). Ces fonctions sont multiples. Les activités électorales indiquent que ces trois partis servent, d’une part, de plateforme d’accès aux organes du pouvoir pour les entrepreneurs, d’autre part, la fonction d’expression est assurée en ce que les partis expriment des problèmes, proposent une alternative, et disqualifient certaines pratiques. Pendant les élections, et au sein du parlement régional, les partis assurent dans une certaine mesure la fonction d’organisation de l’opposition. Enfin, le KPRF, le LDPR et Russie juste remplissent, de différentes façons, la fonction d’assistance à la société.
Ensuite, la thèse a vérifié que les trois partis ont une structure interne centralisée à Moscou, tout en mettant en évidence l’interdépendance qui existe entre le siège fédéral et les branches régionales dans chaque parti. Une marge de manœuvre, différente selon les trois formations, existe donc au niveau des branches locales.
Enfin, l’exemple de Tomsk montre qu’une loyauté formelle envers le régime et une opposition réelle sont possibles. Cela implique des ambiguïtés, notamment concernant l’activité des députés de ces partis au sein des parlements locaux./The PhD thesis starts with this paradox: in the 2000s, the Russian party system is dominated by United Russia called the party of power. Nevertheless, this system also allows the existence of parties that claim to be the opposition, while being loyal to the political regime and its leaders. How do these parties resolve this paradox?
The doctoral dissertation in political science seeks to understand the role of parliamentary opposition parties in Russia between 2005 and 2010. It is based on the study of regional branches of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (KPRF), the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR) and Just Russia (SR) in Tomsk, Western Siberia. The qualitative data were collected during eight and a half months of field research in Russia. An organizational and functional approach to the study of political parties is used to understand their role in the Russian political system.
The thesis tests three hypotheses: first, the opposition parliamentary parties perform certain functions in the political system that gives them the support of voters and members. Second, the party organizations of the LDPR, the KPRF and Just Russia are centralized to limit the flexibility of local branches and allow tight control of the central apparatus. Third, we examine if these parties transform the support of voters into support for the regime in the parliamentary institutions at the local level.
The results show three elements. First, it shows that the KPRF, the LDPR and Just Russia perform several functions in the political system. On the one hand, they are platforms for businessmen to access to the organs of power; on the other hand, they express problems, offer an alternative, and disqualify some practices. During elections, and within the regional parliament, parliamentary opposition parties perform to a certain extent the function of organizing opposition. Moreover, the KPRF, the LDPR and Just Russia support citizens in various ways.
Then, the dissertation verifies that the three parties have a centralized internal structure. But it also highlights the interdependence between federal headquarters and regional branches within each party.
Finally, the case of Tomsk shows that formal loyalty to the regime, and a real opposition at the same time, is possible as far as the KPRF, the LDPR and Just Russia are concerned.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Tortolero, Cervantes Francisco. "Majorité politique, opposition et cours constitutionnelles : essai sur l'applicabilité du principe d'intégrité de Ronald Dworkin en Europe occidentale." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010255.
Full textBinam-Bikoï, Auguste Cabral. "La sociologie des mobilisations partisanes au Cameroun : les partis politiques dans l'action collective en contexte de libéralisation post guerre froide." Bordeaux 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR40012.
Full textThe return to multiparty politics in Africa has generated renewed interest of researchers in social sciences for collective action. In the case of countries like Cameroon, the ending of one-party politics triggered contestations of the established order. This context of vulnerability leads to civil disobedience (operation "ghost towns"). Institutional reforms followed and lead to the first multiparty elections in 1992 (legislation on 1st March, the presidential October 11). Other dates will follow, includind, in 1997, 2002 and 2004. In these processes that may experts xcall democratic transitions, political parties are the forefront of mobilisations and other forms of collective action. Yet polically identified object and key players in changes attributed to the "global time" period, the parties still are left aside in policy analysis in Africa. The need for a new focus of politics in Africa justifies an analysis of parties as an object of research in light of collective mobilisation in Cameroon since the liberalisation after the Cold War. This current research work questions the sociological logics by which political parties rally behind the veil of democratic propaganda, popular internationally. On the one hand, it estimates the burden of hegemony, both external and sociocultural on collective action amongst the parties and, on the other hand, this work highlights the strategies and modes of coordination around the conventions of political competition
Baamara, Layla. "La contestation institutionnalisée : sociologie d'un parti d'opposition en contexte autoritaire : le cas du Front des forces socialistes algérien." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0164.
Full textEstablished in the aftermath of Algeria's independence and commonly referred to as the "oldest opposition party", the Front des Forces Socialistes (FFS) has existed for more than fifty years. Forced to operate clandestinely throughout the single-party regime (1962-1989), this party was legalized after the adoption of party pluralism in 1989. Since then, it has participated - albeit in variable ways - to the political competition. How does a party perpetuates itself by remaining in the opposition within power configurations that prevent political change? Contrarily to functionalist approaches and the role of "democratic façade" often attributed to opposition parties in authoritarian contexts, this dissertation examines the endogenous and exogenous logics of protest institutionalization. By exploring partisan opposition practices with a relational approach, this work analyzes how the FFS trajectory incorporates the protest space as well as the institutional political space. It questions the tensions and the challenges generated by this double inscription. Based on fieldwork carried out between 2009 and 2013 with FFS activists and leaders in Algiers, Béjaïa and Tizi-Ouzou, the dissertation sheds light on both the struggles and conflicts that weaken the organization and processes of (re)production of the partisan link that favour its perpetuation
Boyd, Marie-Pierre. "Crises politiques, images des femmes et représentations du pouvoir." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0116.
Full textBecause the women, as critical group, act preferently on the public scene during the troubles and disorder’s periods, it can be interesting to ask if the political crisis that France has known during the XXth century (1936, 1940-1945, 1968) have been decisive for their access to citizenship and the political capacity. Is the political crisis favourable to the women? Have these crisis transformed the social sex relationships? Have they broken the historical linearity? Women’s images, imaginary production, can help to determinate it. We can consider indeed that images contain “the substance of politics”: they explain and justify a power’s representation that traditionally excludes women from the public, institutional and real power. In other words, images show not only how the women are thought in the political and social organization but too how this organization is thought itself, that is to say, which are its main values and principles. If we examine more particularly women’s images during the crisis time – considered as a crisis of the traditional’s power representation – we can show a coincidence between women’s political power exclusion and a process for restablishing order. We have to question this coincidence. A reflexion about the recent French law for political parity complete this sociological research
Saraya, Aliaa. "Les organisations des droits de l'homme en Egypte : analyse d'un engagement pour la défense d'une cause." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004IEPP0014.
Full textFourmont, Alexis. "L'opposition parlementaire en droit constitutionnel allemand et français." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020031.
Full textParliamentary opposition is certainly an evidence of parliamentarism, but it is not easily defined because of its extreme institutional and behavioural variability, to such an extent that constitutional law fails to be realized. This opposition is partially unwritten as its foundation and practice have preceded its the official recognition by strict law. But, by definition, formal law cannot cover all the oppositional phenomenon’s configuration possibilities, as proven by the importance of conventions beyond written law. Despite everything, its institutionalization was finally required. The vocation of constitutional law is indeed to fix fulcrums for political game, but the question of the juridicity of such a phenomenon must be dealt with. The aim of this work consists of underlining the delicate connection between constitutional law and the parliamentary opposition in Germany and France. If law struggles (imperfectly) to capture it, then in return the opposition mobilizes the juridical instruments that are placed at its disposition. However, this relationship is ambiguous, since constitutional law does not limit itself to writing and because some determinant variables have influenced the implementation of juridical texts. Thus the “performance” of the oppositional phenomenon is not assured, even if it was recognized by the law. The examination of the legal significance of the opposing minority tends to reveal the intrinsic tensions of constitutional law and its political character. Far from being purely static, normativy seems to conceal a certain dynamic.Keywords : parliamentary opposition, system of parliamentary government, parliamentarism, constitutional law, parliamentary law, political law, constitutional order
Dromard, Michaël. "Les doctrines institutionnelles des Responsables Politiques Français vis à vis de la notion de Cohabitation au cours de la 5ème République : 1958-2017." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020080/document.
Full textThe thesis recalls the many positions of the French political officials with respect to the concept of cohabitation during years 1958-2017 and highlights their institutional contradictions which appear according to situations and political circumstances given. It thus emphasizes the many institutional divergences of the right-hand side on the subject : the cohabitationnist refusal of the Gaullist and Pompidolian regims, the Giscardian assent of 1978, the division within the right during Mitterrand years between 1981 and 1995, the union in the denunciation during the first mandate of Jacques Chirac between 1995 and 2002 and finally a succession of contradictions during years 2002-2017. The thesis also records certain institutional divergences on the side of the socialist left : a cohabitationnist will during years 1958-1981, a serious reserve during years 1981-1986 then 1988-1993, a cohabitationnist satisfaction during years 1997-2002 and also a succession of contradictions during years 2002-2017. The thesis shows so the way in which the political leaders have evolved their institutional doctrines according to situations and political circumstances given and also tries to explain their numerous personal strategies and their institutional reflections with respect to the cohabitation
Dubois, Jean-Etienne. "Leçon d'histoire pour une droite dans l'opposition ? : les mobilisations de droite contre le Cartel des gauches dans la France des années Vingt." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF20031/document.
Full textIn the mid-twenties, France was achieving its reconstruction, both economical and political. In 1924, and for the first time since the beginning of the century, the general election took place in a context of a clear bipolarization between left and right, which had a structuring effect on French political field. The victory of the Cartel des gauches at this election appears as a political break-point, that the historiography about political life during interwar years has rather neglected since Jean-Noël Jeanneney’s studies upon Cartel des gauches in the seventies. The organizations of the right-wing learnt a few important lessons from this period when they were in the parliamentary opposition. The most important one was that the political majority coming out democratic election could be changed in the middle of the parliamentary legislature. Indeed, in July 1926, weakened by the growing divisions between radicals and socialists incapable of giving an answer to the increasing financial and monetary crisis, the cartellist majority fell definitely. Raymond Poincaré, the main opponent of the left in 1924, came back to the Council presidency, leading a new parliamentary majority of national union. When the right had been defeated again in 1932 and 1936, it remembered this precedent. Another lesson was that the various social and political mobilizations against the Cartel des gauches had played a significant role to weaken the socialist and radical majority. The community movements, such as catholic or professional ones, and the political organizations mobilized in this period, built a culture and abilities of being in political opposition, that they have reactivated later during the interwar years. This episode proved also the persistence, in political opposition, of structural divisions of the political field of the French right-wing, due to the permanence of doctrinal and strategic splits (the first ones about questions of secularism, foreign policy or parliamentary nature of institutions; the second ones about the political attitude toward the radicals, between uncompromising attitude and conciliation). These divisions, but also the nature of the political debates and the political practices which were developed during these two years, had lasted until the mid-thirties
Ceccaldi, François. "Construction d’une opposition et création d’une troisième voie : les factions de gauche de l’OLP face à Oslo (1993 – 2006)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021EHES0016.
Full textThe present work analyses the political role played by the leftist factions of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), from the signing of the Declaration of Principles (DoP) in September 1993 – more commonly known as the Oslo accords –, to the legislative elections of January 2006. By focusing on the heretofore neglected political left, this study contributes to a more complete political history of the period. It complements an existing literature on the Palestinian leadership, embodied by the Israeli-Palestinian negotiations on the one hand, and the Islamist opposition movements on the other.Drawing on fresh documentary evidence, this work on the leftist factions expands our understanding of Palestinian politics by examining three key issues that have been little – if at all – explored: the discussions of the Palestinian National Dialogue; the unification initiatives of the leftist factions and the PLO’s reform debate. This research work also reconstructs the activities of these factions as they grappled with the radically new political situation produced by the Oslo accords. The creation of a Palestinian Authority, which competed with the representative role played by the PLO, has notably upset the political logic, the power architecture and the nationalist objectives set by the national movement, which now oscillates between liberation and state-building. Between staunch opposition to the agreements and their consequences, and adaptation to a political reality that had become unavoidable, the leftist factions tried to provide a political response that would distinguish them both from Fatah and from the Islamist movements.Between 1993 and 2006, the leftist factions tried several political initiatives, including unification, coalition and creation of political platforms. However, due to the hegemony of Fatah, competition from Hamas and weakness in their own party structures and political programs, the leftist factions were ultimately unable to propose a third way. The victory of Hamas in the 2006 legislative elections evinced this failure and made the political landscape increasingly polarized, confirming the political marginalization of leftist factions
Le, Divellec Armel. "Le parlementarisme allemand." Paris 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA020006.
Full textThe parliamentarism instituted in Germany by the Constitution of 1949 is grounded on a fundamental norm : the election of the Chancellor by the Parliament. Born from the unsuccessful experience of the Republic of Weimar and the positive achievement of the German Lander since 1919, it constitutes an original but consequent way of codification of the principle of parliamentary government. The existence and the work of the government are therefore entirely based on the positive will of the parliamentary majority (system of "pure monism"). Clearly distinct from the traditional theory of the balance of powers, the German system establishes a close institutional solidarity between government and Parliament, which is ever increased by the political practice, ending in a joint direction of the state by the cabinet and the majority, in constant interaction. From the analysis of history, positive law and political practice, parliamentarism can be reconsidered as the political link which overcomes the formal distinction between executive and Parliament. Parliamentary government "necessarily implies substantial counter-powers : in Germany, a strong parliamentary opposition, but chiefly federalism itself, by which the governmental majority is structuraly compeled to make constant compromises. The limitation of the power is finally completed by a strong constitutionnal court
Renaudet, Isabelle. "La presse d'opposition au franquisme durant la dernière decennie de la dictature et la transition démocratique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX1A001.
Full textFrom 1966 (date when a new law on the press was adopted) to 1975, the press (legally recognized) was an instrument of fight in the hands of a left wing opposition, which strove in favour of the institution of a democratic regime in spain. Because the daily press was closely supervised by censorship, it was particularly, the periodical press which was the centre of this prostest against the establishment. The roots of democracy are, therefore, to be found in the pages of those magazines which favoured cultural forms of expression. Their fate was, nevertheless, paradoxical, although history has confirmed their fight was right, they have, in fact, nearly all disappeared, victims of the democratic transition. This story, therefore, is not a bvanal press story; it is on the one hand, the story of a political fight which was conveyed through the press, instead of through the polls; on the other hand, it is the story of a missed reconversion, soone after the death of franco
Dondi, Sebastiano. "Pouvoirs et contrepouvoirs : les limites juridiques au pouvoir majoritaire dans la dynamique du regime politique en Italie et en France." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100056.
Full textThis PhD dissertation consists in a comparative study of veto players (or counter-powers) that, according to Italian and French Constitution, aim at affect the legislative activity of the executive and majoritarian power and of its majority in the Parliament, i.e. laws and decrees-law. They are summarily: the referendum, the opposition parties, the head of the State, the Conseil d’Etat and the constitutional justice. The research, after the initial chapter regarding an innovative classification of veto powers which describes them with a dogmatic approach, explores in depth the existing relations among veto players and their interactions with Power. The methodology is based on an empirical and systematic analysis of some classic case-studies
Il lavoro di ricerca è uno studio comparato tra Italia e Francia dei contropoteri che, secondo Costituzione, intervengono sul prodotto del lavoro del Potere maggioritario, le leggi e i provvedimenti di rango primario. Si tratta del referendum, l’opposizione parlamentare, il capo dello Stato, il Conseil d’Etat e la giustizia costituzionale. La tesi, dopo un capitolo iniziale dedicato ad una innovativa classificazione dei poteri di veto idonea a inquadrarli dogmaticamente, si propone di indagare in profondità le relazioni che legano fra di loro gli organi di contropotere e come questi interagiscano con il Potere. La metodologia utilizzata è innovativa e si basa su un’analisi empirica basata su casi esemplari e basata sul metodo sistematico
Heine, Sophie. "Les résistances à l'intégration européenne en France et en Allemagne: une analyse des idéologies sous-tendant les critiques de gauche contre le Traité constitutionnel européen." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210553.
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This doctoral dissertation analyses the content of the critiques made by some left-wing social and political actors in France and Germany against the current EU. The study focuses on the debates that surrounded the project of European Constitution and more specifically on the more general ideologies underlying these arguments. In order to understand, compare and classify these critiques, idealtypes have been elaborated on four dimensions (socio-economic, political, identity-related and strategic). This research fills a gap in the literature analysing so-called "eurosceptic" actors by concentrating on the ideas conveyed by these currents. Indeed, most of this literature mostly tries to explain this phenomenon. And when it addresses the issue of ideology, it is only to build too far-reaching categories. The conclusion also aims at exploring possible explanations of theses resistances to the EU beyond the traditional theories, based on strategic agency, culturalism and institutionalism, and insisting more on the role of ideas and material structures.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Modoux, Magali. "Vers une théorie de la libéralisation consolidée ? : la transition politique mexicaine à l'aune des expériences de gouvernements d'opposition au niveau des états fédérés." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003IEPP0007.
Full textBougrat, Jérémy. "L’opposition non-communiste de la Ve République dans la Guerre froide : l’esprit de détente, 1962-1966." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040117.
Full textStarting after Stalin’s death in March, 1953, the de-Escalation of East-West antagonism nevertheless experienced fluctuations in the ensuing years, reaching its climax of international tension with the Cuba crisis of autumn 1962. Thus began a period of respite broadly known as the “Détente”. And so our mission was established: to study the influence of this international context on the French political world. From the end of the Cuba crisis to General de Gaulle’s journey to Soviet Union in June, 1966, de Gaulle’s perception of the cold war evolves and reveals a more or less strong “spirit” of Détente. If all non-Partisan parties and organizations of the Non-Communist opposition are in favor of Détente, rare are those who call for lowering their guards when faced with a country that remains the most likely of adversaries. The issue of security is central for political officials aspiring to assume power. In order to move forward towards a strengthening of the Détente, all while addressing the issue of an omnipresent Germany, it is necessary to continue European construction, follow the path of collective security, disarm simultaneously, and develop links with the East
Serres, Thomas. "Le cartel pendant la crise : violences et perpétuation de l'ordre dans l'Algérie contemporaine." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0059.
Full textThis dissertation investigates the dynamics of the Algerian crisis, understood as a multiform process that exacerbates structural violences, endangers the ruling -coalition, and which ultimately leads to the reshaping of the political system. The ruling coalition appears to be structured as a cartel gathering various social groups and individuals who seek to perpetuate their benefits. Yet, political leaders remain unable to produce a positive image of their action for the country. This situation results in widespread rejection of political authorities, seen as violent and corrupt, but does not lead to an uprising, despite the ongoing wave of protest. Finally, the crisis allow the production of a discourse that naturalizes domination by upholding the representation of the Aigerian people as inherently violent and anarchic
Edelman, Marina. "La vie et l'oeuvre d'Anna Akhmatova comme un phénomène de l'opposition intellectuelle en URSS." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ53943.pdf.
Full textMotta, Alessio. "J-1 : sociologie des déclenchements d'actions protestataires." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. https://ecm.univ-paris1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/4c78d7be-cf3a-4684-b193-1c8c6ed098f2.
Full textCollective protests outbreaks are often overlookedinsocial scienceand explained by metaphors (“last straw”, explosion…) or more erudite myths. This dissertation intends to fill thisgap, as I propose an innovative theoretical framework inspired by interactionist and constructivist approaches to detail how protest triggers work. For this purpose, I conducted several qualitative and quantitative studies based on interviews, archives, online documents studies, direct observation and experimental methods, about student mobilizations, riots and various other collective actions. The micro-sociological component of this research focuses onthe decisive role of strategies of self presentation and of the construction of a certainty that other players will join the action, at the triggering thresholds The sociohistorical and macro-sociological component focuses on the effects of institutionalized and shared knowledge which provides the players with an chorage in their calculations and enables them to cope with the uncertainty that precedes the triggering instants. In this part, I introduce various factors that contribute to the realization of the collective action by making it subjectively certain for players. For example, some “typical triggers” or “typical trigger situations” can be linked to given mode of actions (“typical collective reactions”) by tradition or clichés. The aim of this dissertation is not only to build a theory to explain triggers of collective protests outbreaks, but also to provide both social scientists and activists withnew ways of anticipating or producingsuch triggers
Ribeiro, Michele Pordeus. "« Droite » et « gauche » dans les discours d’un événement électoral. Une étude sémantique et contrastive des presses brésilienne et française : les élections présidentielles de 2002 au Brésil et de 2007 en France." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA024.
Full textThis thesis aims to study the relations among event, discourse and culture through the analysis of selected press discourses from two discursive moments: the 2002 presidential election in Brazil, in O Estado de S. Paulo, and the presidential election of 2007 in France, in Le Monde. The research investigates the role of the discourse, as well as the culture in the construction of an electoral event in the media. From the conflictual character of the presidential elections, we propose a lexical-semantic analysis of the opposition’s words, “droite”, “gauche”, “direita” and “esquerda”, which refer to the political conflict. The analysis is divided into two main parts: first, these words are studied by a historical bias and through the representations present in dictionaries; in the second part, it proceeds to an analysis of its lexical-syntactic environment: we defend the thesis that the co-text reflects the relation between the subject and the world, which is crucial to the construction of the meaning. The opposition’s words are analyzed by the complex syntactic structures (in locative, agentive and qualifying constructions), which enables to see different points of view about them. The analysis finally reveals regularities and differences between the newspapers, which leads us to consider the presence not only of practices and transnational representations, as well as “cultural” specificities
Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar as relações entre acontecimento, discurso e cultura por intermédio da análise de discursos de imprensa selecionados a partir de dois momentos discursivos: a eleição presidencial de 2002 no Brasil, em O Estado de S. Paulo, e a eleição presidencial de 2007 na França, em Le Monde. A pesquisa investiga o papel do discurso, bem como o da cultura na construção de um acontecimento eleitoral pela mídia. Partindo do caráter conflituoso das eleições presidenciais, propomos uma análise léxico-semântica das palavras da oposição, “direita”, “esquerda”, “droite” e “gauche”, que fazem referência ao conflito político. A análise divide-se em duas partes principais: na primeira, essas palavras são estudadas por um viés histórico e através das representações presentes nos dicionários; na segunda parte, procede-se a uma análise do seu ambiente léxico-sintático: defendemos a tese de que o cotexto reflete as relações entre o sujeito e o mundo, sendo ele determinante para a construção do sentido. As palavras da oposição são analisadas por meio de estruturas sintáticas complexas (em construções locativas, agentivas e qualificantes), o que permite evidenciar pontos de vista diferentes em relação a elas. A análise revela enfim regularidades e divergências entre os jornais, o que nos leva a considerar a presença, não só de práticas e de representações transnacionais, como também de especificidades “culturais”
Yahya, Kidir Shawnm. "Le rôle des intellectuels dans les transformations politiques et sociales après l'apparition de l'opposition en 2009 au Kurdistan irakien." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H203/document.
Full textIn the Kurdish society, the role of Kurdish intellectuals regarding political and social transformations is crucial. According to the history of the Kurdish society, its nature on its composition, Kurdish intellectuals have their own particularities. Therefore they are to be distinguished from other intellectuals. Somehow, Kurdish intellectuals have always took part to the liberation of Kurdistan. The main part of the work was dedicated to the cultural climate existing in th Kurdish society. Which are the cultural organizations and their role in a Muslim society? How do they work? Which place take media organs, education and higher education in Kurdistan? Do they have any influence on intellectuals? Do unions and juridical bodies have a real function in Kurdistan? Many secondary sources as newspapers, review and survey, specialized or non-specialized journals depending upon the importance of delivered information were used, as well as many websites. Besides, some TV shows were viewed (political meeting and debates with intellectuals). A fieldwork in Kurdistan was undertaken to carry out this work, mainly in the cites of Suleimany and Erbil. For security reasons, the city ok Kirkuk was ruled out. Some temporal constrains did not allow any meeting with intellectuals from Dehuk. Thence, the work is focusing on two cities only. However intellectuals from each categories mentioned above were interviewed
Tremblay, Patrice. "La faillite du libéralisme et le consensus anticommuniste : l'opposition au maccarthysme à la Chambre des représentants, 1950-1954." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28584.
Full textBellot, Marie. "Faire entendre les voix en Chine : jeunesse qualifiée, autoritarisme négocié et civisme ordinaire." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2009.
Full textIn China, issues related to mobilization, commitment, political engagement and collective action are sensitive. They are considered, in a contemporary way, through landlord movements or opposition forces to local projects, particularly in connection with environmental, health and ecological issues. It is almost impossible for political dissidence, a form of frontal engagement that stands at yet another end of the political activism spectrum to exist in the current context. This thesis aims at showing how discrete practices of politics are being produced by analyzing the political engagement of skilled young people within the framework of an interactionist conception of power. We intend to demonstrate how, in a context of bargained authoritarianism and partial regulatory regimes, higher education graduates create practices and forms of association in "intermediate spaces". Starting from constrained political engagement, young graduates develop mobilization and “shifting” skills that reveal new forms of temporary and ordinary civism
Vaz, Céline. "Le franquisme et la production de la ville : politiques du logement et de l’urbanisme, mondes professionnels et savoirs urbains en Espagne des années 1930 aux années 1970." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100196.
Full textFrancoism and urban production. Housing and urban policies, professionals and urban sciences in Spain from the 1930's to the 1970's.An urban model oriented towards growth, lack of public facilities and infrastructure, high proportion of owner-tenancy, shortage of public housing, or the relevance of real state in the national economy are some of the characteristics of Spain’s urban development during Franco’s dictatorship. It became a main social concern and way to criticize Franco’s regime at the end of the dictatorship. The aim of this PhD thesis is to study the mode of production of Spanish cities during the dictatorship and the social urban movement at the end of the regime. This research is based on the double analysis of national urban planning and housing policies and of the role of one of their principal actors: the architects. During the Franco’s era, State’s intervention was indeed reflected on housing and town-planning through a set of central institutions or bodies, of legal provisions and official measures. Theses decisions determined the mode of urban development. Owing to their privileged position in the building sector in Spain, architects play a key role in the definition and implementation of these policies. Moreover, some architects were years later the leaders of urban criticism and urban social movement. This set-up brings into light the development, if not the constitution, of the urban space as a category of public action during the Franco years, as well as its effects on the professional and scientific fields. This PhD thesis intends to constitute a social history of urban policies during the Franco’s era (1939-1975). Through this approach, it contributes to a better knowledge of the history of this period, of the history of urban social sciences and public action and of the sociology of professions
Gagné, Jean-François. "Alliance Politics in Hybrid Regimes : Political Stability and Instability since World War II." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9711.
Full textThe thesis studies stability and instability in hybrid regimes. The research question is: under which conditions the authority of the elites in power is recognized or contested? Our answer rests on the inclusive or exclusive dimension of the ruling coalition: that is, the strategic alliance between the ruling elites and dominant social groups. Inclusion favors consent and stability whereas exclusion favors contention and instability. The composition of the ruling coalition depends on (i) the degree of extra-legal organized violence and (ii) the degree of state penetration over the territory and in the economy. The first variable identifies which social group in the state (military officers) or in the regime (opposition parties) is dominant and influences the forms of political communication with the ruling elites. The second variable identifies which social group in the state (bureaucrats) or in society (local leaders) is dominant and shapes the relation between regions and the center. The thesis contribution is to deepen our understanding of political institutions in hybrid regimes by focusing on the identity of dominant social groups according to a given context. It offers a simple, flexible and original model that allow us to grasp causal relations that would otherwise be counter-intuitive. Hence, political stability is also possible in a country where the state is weak and/or rebellion movements exist; and instability in the opposite context. It all comes down to the composition of the ruling coalition. In order to illustrate the line of reasoning and unfold the richness of our framework, a comparative historical analysis of the ruling coalition in Malaysia (1957-2010), Indonesia (1945-1998), Senegal (1960-2010) and Paraguay (1945-2008) is used. The main conclusion is that the two variables are key. One without the other necessarily amounts to an incomplete explanation of political alliances at stake when dealing with conditions of stability and instability in hybrid regimes.
Bardall, Gabrielle Simon. "Voices, votes and violence : essays on select dynamics of electoral authoritarian regimes." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18513.
Full text“Voices, Votes and Violence: Essays on Select Dynamics of Electoral Authoritarian Regimes” concerns the expression of commonly excluded voices under electoral authoritarian (EA) regimes, from the challenges of institutionalized processes (specifically, elections and voting) to rationalizations for extra-institutional behaviors (notably political violence). The essays are presented in two parts. The first two essays in Part I concern frameworks for studying incumbent and opposition behaviors in semi-authoritarian states. The three essays in Part II examine a specific sub-field of EA regime dynamics: political participation of women. Each chapter provides findings as summarized below. Chapter 1 explores methodological challenges in studying semi-authoritarian regimes (such as EA) by critically engaging with a leading framework of analysis in the field. An independent replication of Levistky and Way’s 2010 classification model of competitive authoritarianism (CA) reveals coding discrepancies in the authors’ case selection which impact the broader theory of CA regimes and have methodological implications for the comparative study of hybrid regimes in general. Chapter 2 examines opposition party behavior under EA regimes. I hypothesize that EA oppositions’ electoral and regime objectives (“dual games”) align under conditions where there is relative certainty of outcomes but diverge where either regime or electoral uncertainty is greater, resulting in four identifiable behavior types. Testing the theory on 55 elections in 29 sub-Saharan African states, I demonstrate that the four behavior types are functions of the degree of state repression and the level of organizational capacity of the opposition. Chapter 3 reveals and defines the gendered nature of electoral violence (a common feature of EA regimes). An original database of over 2000 incidents of election violence in six countries as well as fieldwork from over fifty countries reveal the existence of significant gender-differentiation in the manifestation of election violence as well as the presence of a previously unrecognized phenomenon, gender-based election violence (GBEV). The chapter introduces definitions, a taxonomy and typology of both forms of violence. Chapter 4 delves deeper into the topic by examining the complex relationship between information and communication technologies and gendered election violence. The notions of gender-differentiated and gender-motivated violence are extended to political violence in this chapter. Information and communication technologies are found to both facilitate gendered forms of political violence as well as empower resistance and violence mitigation. The final chapter provides the solution to a longstanding puzzle of political exclusion in EA (and other) regimes by demonstrating the complementarity of specific forms of temporary special measures (TSMs) in electoral systems based on single-member districts (SMDs). The chapter presents a five-part classification of TSM options in SMDs, including an original interpretation of “Alternate Thresholds”. Analyzing the five TSM types through country case studies, Chapter 5 illustrated that discrepancies in the adoption of quotas between electoral systems are the result a knowledge gap rather than intrinsic traits of electoral systems, as previously assumed.
Houde, Anne-Marie. "Le vote eurosceptique parmi l'électorat europhile." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22753.
Full textMorency-Laflamme, Julien. "Regime crises in Africa : a study of armed forces’ behaviour." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18518.
Full textThis Ph.D. dissertation analyzes the factors that influence armed forces’ decisions to tolerate or suppress opposition movements demanding political reforms which could lead to regime change. This dissertation helps to fill a large gap in the literature as only a few scholars have attempted to explain military behaviour during regime crisis. It does so through an analysis of how anti-coup policies and opposition forces’ characteristics lead to the formation of marginalized military cliques and their potential support for regime change. It theorizes that the head of state’s survival strategy, specifically coup-proofing measures, influences military factions’ willingness to preserve the status quo. Reliance on loyalists leads to armed forces with a powerful core loyal to the incumbent regime and willing to use repression, while the strategy of counterbalancing leads to armed forces largely unattached to the maintenance of the regime. Under these circumstances, opposition forces can foster regime defection when they offer a viable alternative to the incumbent government, if the opposition can unify around a moderate platform that provides realist demands vis-à-vis regime forces. The main argument, on the influence of divergent coup-proofing policies on military actions, is assessed through a comparison of Benin and Togo. In each state, authoritarian regimes responded to the challenge of opposition mobilization by initiating negotiation processes. Divergences in coup-prevention techniques and credible commitment capacity of the opposition explain why the opposition campaign in the beginning of the 1990s was successful in Benin but failed in Togo. This research is based on two methods: process-tracing and the comparative method.