Relevant bibliographies by topics / Optic lobe

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Optic lobe'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Optic lobe"

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Poeck, B., A. Hofbauer, and G. O. Pflugfelder. "Expression of the Drosophila optomotor-blind gene transcript in neuronal and glial cells of the developing nervous system." Development 117, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 1017–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.117.3.1017.

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Mutations in the complex gene locus optomotor-blind (omb) can lead to defects in the development of both the optic lobes and external features of the adult fly. We describe here the expression of omb in the developing and adult nervous system using in situ hybridization. During embryogenesis, omb expression is first observed in the optic lobe anlagen. It later expands to a larger part of the developing larval brain and to the gnathal lobes. Cells in the ventral and peripheral nervous systems begin to express omb after completion of germ band extension. Later in embryonic development, expression declines and only persists in the antennomaxillary complex and in part of the brain hemispheres. During the larval and pupal stages, omb expression in the brain is confined to the developing optic lobes and contiguous regions of the central brain. At these stages, only a few cells show expression in the ventral ganglion. In the eye imaginal disc, transcript accumulation is most conspicuous in a group of presumptive glia precursor cells posterior to the morphogenetic furrow and in the optic stalk. In the adult brain, expression is prominent in several regions of the optic lobe cortex and along the border between central brain and optic lobes. In the mutation In(1)ombH31, 40 kb of regulatory DNA, downstream from the transcription unit, are removed from the omb gene. In(1)ombH31 is characterized by the lack of a set of giant interneurons from the lobula plate of the adult optic lobes. We find that, already during embryogenesis, there is a drastic difference between wild type and In(1)ombH31 in the level of the omb transcript in the optic lobe primordia. The adult mutant phenotype may thus be caused by omb misexpression during embryonic development.
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Koushafar, Z., and A. Mohammadpour. "Morphological study of the midbrain tectum in ostrich (Struthio camelus) embryo." BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 22, no. 2 (2019): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547//bjvm.2064.

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In this study the morphological features of the optic tectum in ostrich embryo were studied macroscopically and microscopically. After gross anatomical study, fixed specimens of the optic lobes in 30th, 36th and 40th embryonic days were processed for paraffin sections. Sections were stained by Harris haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Luxol Fast Blue/Cresyl Echt Violet and Malory PTAH dyes. The optic lobes had large volumes even on the 30th embryonic day and increased proportionally to age. The optic lobe consisted of two parts: gray matter (outer) and white matter (inner). The first external layer of the optic lobe e.g. molecular layer consisted of neural fibres, neuroglia and scarce small neurons. The most common appearance of the optic lobes was characterised by small to medium-sized neurons (rounded to pyramid-shaped with large and pale nucleus consistong of obvious nucleoli arranged in three layers whose thickness increased in the deeper one) supported by neuroglia. Larger size neurons and occasionally multipolar neurons were presented in the interior compared with these layers. The lateral mesencephalic nucleus was detectable in the optic lobe base even on 30th embryonic day and was composed of few multipolar neurons supported by neuroglia. The tectal ventricles were lined with simple cuboidal ciliated ependymal cells in the embryonic period. As embryonic age increased, the ratio of tectal ventricle volume to its thickness decreased. Special stainings showed that Nissl bodies and myelin fibres, also glial fibres were available from the 30th embryonic day and that their density, especially myelin fibres density, increased with age.
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Saifullah, A. S. M., and Kenji Tomioka. "Serotonin sets the day state in the neurons that control coupling between the optic lobe circadian pacemakers in the cricketGryllus bimaculatus." Journal of Experimental Biology 205, no. 9 (May 1, 2002): 1305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.9.1305.

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SUMMARYThe bilaterally paired optic lobe circadian pacemakers of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus mutually exchange photic and circadian information to keep their activity synchronized. The information is mediated by a neural pathway, consisting of the so-called medulla bilateral neurons,connecting the medulla areas of the two optic lobes. We investigated the effects of serotonin on the neural activity in this coupling pathway. Spontaneous and light-induced electrical activity of the neurons in the coupling pathway showed daily variations, being more intense during the night than the day. Microinjection of serotonin or a serotonin-receptor agonist,quipazine, into the optic lobe caused a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of spontaneous and light-induced responses, mimicking the day state. The amount of suppression was greater and the recovery from the suppression occurred faster during the night. Application of metergoline, a non-selective serotonin-receptor antagonist, increased spontaneous activity and light-evoked responses during both the day and the night, with higher effect during the day. In addition, metergoline effectively attenuated the effects of serotonin. These facts suggest that in the cricket's optic lobe, serotonin is released during the daytime and sets the day state in the neurons regulating coupling between the bilaterally paired optic lobe circadian pacemakers.
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Tix, S., J. S. Minden, and G. M. Technau. "Pre-existing neuronal pathways in the developing optic lobes of Drosophila." Development 105, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.105.4.739.

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We have identified a set of larval neurones in the developing adult optic lobes of Drosophila by selectively labelling cells that have undergone only a few mitoses. A cluster of three cells is located in each of the optic lobes near the insertion site of the optic stalk. Their axons fasciculate with fibres of the larval optic nerve, the Bolwig's nerve, and then form part of the posterior optic tract. These cells are likely to be first order interneurones of the larval visual system. Unlike the Bolwig's nerve, they persist into the adult stage. The possibility of a pioneering function of the larval visual system during formation of the adult optic lobe neuropil is discussed.
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Wang, Hongxia, Richard B. Dewell, Markus U. Ehrengruber, Eran Segev, Jacob Reimer, Michael L. Roukes, and Fabrizio Gabbiani. "Optogenetic manipulation of medullary neurons in the locust optic lobe." Journal of Neurophysiology 120, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 2049–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00356.2018.

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The locust is a widely used animal model for studying sensory processing and its relation to behavior. Due to the lack of genomic information, genetic tools to manipulate neural circuits in locusts are not yet available. We examined whether Semliki Forest virus is suitable to mediate exogenous gene expression in neurons of the locust optic lobe. We subcloned a channelrhodopsin variant and the yellow fluorescent protein Venus into a Semliki Forest virus vector and injected the virus into the optic lobe of locusts ( Schistocerca americana). Fluorescence was observed in all injected optic lobes. Most neurons that expressed the recombinant proteins were located in the first two neuropils of the optic lobe, the lamina and medulla. Extracellular recordings demonstrated that laser illumination increased the firing rate of medullary neurons expressing channelrhodopsin. The optogenetic activation of the medullary neurons also triggered excitatory postsynaptic potentials and firing of a postsynaptic, looming-sensitive neuron, the lobula giant movement detector. These results indicate that Semliki Forest virus is efficient at mediating transient exogenous gene expression and provides a tool to manipulate neural circuits in the locust nervous system and likely other insects.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using Semliki Forest virus, we efficiently delivered channelrhodopsin into neurons of the locust optic lobe. We demonstrate that laser illumination increases the firing of the medullary neurons expressing channelrhodopsin and elicits excitatory postsynaptic potentials and spiking in an identified postsynaptic target neuron, the lobula giant movement detector neuron. This technique allows the manipulation of neuronal activity in locust neural circuits using optogenetics.
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Serikaku, M. A., and J. E. O'Tousa. "sine oculis is a homeobox gene required for Drosophila visual system development." Genetics 138, no. 4 (December 1, 1994): 1137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/138.4.1137.

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Abstract The somda (sine oculis-medusa) mutant is the result of a P element insertion at position 43C on the second chromosome. somda causes aberrant development of the larval photoreceptor (Bolwig's) organ and the optic lobe primordium in the embryo. Later in development, adult photoreceptors fail to project axons into the optic ganglion. Consequently optic lobe development is aborted and photoreceptor cells show age-dependent retinal degeneration. The so gene was isolated and characterized. The gene encodes a homeodomain protein expressed in the optic lobe primordium and Bolwig's organ of embryos, in the developing adult visual system of larvae, and in photoreceptor cells and optic lobes of adults. In addition, the SO product is found at invagination sites during embryonic development: at the stomadeal invagination, the cephalic furrow, and at segmental boundaries. The mutant somda allele causes severe reduction of SO embryonic expression but maintains adult visual system expression. Ubiquitous expression of the SO gene product in 4-8-hr embryos rescues all somda mutant abnormalities, including the adult phenotypes. Thus, all deficits in adult visual system development and function results from failure to properly express the so gene during embryonic development. This analysis shows that the homeodomain containing SO gene product is involved in the specification of the larval and adult visual system development during embryogenesis.
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Liu, Yung-Chieh, Tsung-Han Liu, Chun-Chieh Yu, Chia-Hao Su, and Chuan-Chin Chiao. "Mismatch between the eye and the optic lobe in the giant squid." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 7 (July 2017): 170289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170289.

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Giant squids ( Architeuthis ) are a legendary species among the cephalopods. They live in the deep sea and are well known for their enormous body and giant eyes. It has been suggested that their giant eyes are not adapted for the detection of either mates or prey at distance, but rather are best suited for monitoring very large predators, such as sperm whales, at distances exceeding 120 m and at a depth below 600 m (Nilsson et al. 2012 Curr. Biol. 22 , 683–688. ( doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.02.031 )). However, it is not clear how the brain of giant squids processes visual information. In this study, the optic lobe of a giant squid ( Architeuthis dux , male, mantle length 89 cm), which was caught by local fishermen off the northeastern coast of Taiwan, was scanned using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging in order to examine its internal structure. It was evident that the volume ratio of the optic lobe to the eye in the giant squid is much smaller than that in the oval squid ( Sepioteuthis lessoniana ) and the cuttlefish ( Sepia pharaonis ). Furthermore, the cell density in the cortex of the optic lobe is significantly higher in the giant squid than in oval squids and cuttlefish, with the relative thickness of the cortex being much larger in Architeuthis optic lobe than in cuttlefish. This indicates that the relative size of the medulla of the optic lobe in the giant squid is disproportionally smaller compared with these two cephalopod species. This morphological study of the giant squid brain, though limited only to the optic lobe, provides the first evidence to support that the optic lobe cortex, the visual information processing area in cephalopods, is well developed in the giant squid. In comparison, the optic lobe medulla, the visuomotor integration centre in cephalopods, is much less developed in the giant squid than other species. This finding suggests that, despite the giant eye and a full-fledged cortex within the optic lobe, the brain of giant squids has not evolved proportionally in terms of performing complex tasks compared with shallow-water cephalopod species.
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Elphick, M., L. Williams, and M. Shea. "New features of the locust optic lobe: evidence of a role for nitric oxide in insect vision." Journal of Experimental Biology 199, no. 11 (November 1, 1996): 2395–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.199.11.2395.

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The enzyme nitric oxide synthase can be localised by NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry. Here we have applied this technique to the optic lobe of the locust Schistocerca gregaria and revealed new features of the insect visual system. Extensive but locally intense staining is associated with identified tracts, distinct neuropiles and cell body groups, and a detailed analysis of stained elements is provided here. The most striking staining occurs in the anterior lobe of the lobula complex and its connection with the medulla by means of the dorsal uncrossed bundle. Eleven groups of cell bodies are identified and their contribution to fibre tracts and neuropile areas is described. Diaphorase-positive fibre tracts pass between all major subdivisions of the optic lobe, but there are no conspicuous fibre connections from the optic lobe to the brain. The widespread distribution of NADPH-diaphorase staining in the optic lobe suggests that nitric oxide is likely to play an important role in information processing in insect vision.
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Hussain, Raflaa S. H., and Amel A. Al-taee. "Comparative Study between Brain and Optic Lobe of Falcon (Falco Columbarius) and Owl (Bubo Bubo)." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 909–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22164909.

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Background: In Iraq have been collected 10 Falcon (Falco columbarius) and 10 Owl (Bubo bubo ) to obtain their brain (optic lobe) and histological comparative between them. Method: In recent study have been collected specimens and used hematoxylin and eosin stain and used silver stain to compare between them. Result: Our result show weight of brain of falcon was less than owl (4.2± 0.04830 , 4.7± 0. 05164) respectively while weight of optic lobe of falcon was more than owl (1.2±0.05270 , 1.1± 0.05164) respectively. Optic lobe of falcon was consist of six layers with thickness (770.7 ±0.48305 ) while owl was consist of three layers only with (707.7±0.48305). Conclusion: brain weight of falcon is less than owl because of long distance which be fly and weight of optic lobe of falcon is more than owl because it has high vision more than owl
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Rodrigues, Eduardo Mello, Gustavo Rassier Isolan, Lia Grub Becker, Leandro Infantini Dini, Marco Antônio Schlindwein Vaz, and Thomas More Frigeri. "Anatomy of the optic radiations from the white matter fiber dissection perspective: A literature review applied to practical anatomical dissection." Surgical Neurology International 13 (July 22, 2022): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_1157_2021.

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Background: Knowledge of the anatomical course of the optic radiations and its relationship to medial temporal lobe structures is of great relevance in preoperative planning for surgery involving the temporal lobe to prevent damage that may result in postsurgical visual field deficits. Methods: In this anatomical study, we reviewed the literature on this topic and applied the information to practical anatomical dissection. The three-dimensional relationship between the course of the optic radiations and structures accessed in the main microneurosurgical approaches to the medial temporal lobe was examined by applying Klingler’s white matter fiber dissection technique to five formalin-fixed human brains. The dissections were performed with an operating microscope at magnifications of ×3–×40. High-resolution images were acquired during dissection for identification of the anatomical structures, focusing on the characterization of the course of the optic radiations in relation to medial temporal lobe structures. Results: In all five dissected brains, we could expose and clearly define the relationship between the optic radiations and medial temporal lobe structures, improving our understanding of these complex structures. Conclusion: The knowledge gained by studying these relationships will help neurosurgeons to develop risk-adjusted approaches to prevent damage to the optic radiations in the medial temporal region, which may result in a disabling visual field deficit.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Optic lobe"

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Gold, Katrina Sarah. "Neural stem cell regulation in the Drosophila optic lobe." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610391.

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Ray, Nandita. "Characterisation of an α-bungarotoxin binding component of chick optic lobe." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46521.

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Guffey, David. "The Localization of GABA-Like Immunoreactivity in the Optic Lobe Neuropils and Optic Tracts of the Cockroach Leucophaea Maderae." TopSCHOLAR®, 1999. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/780.

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Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a prominent neurotransmitter found in both vertebrates and invertebrates. The action of GABA has been accepted to be inhibitory in nature, but recent evidence suggests it is both inhibitory and excitatory, depending upon time of day. The amount of GABA measured in the brain of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae was discovered to fluctuate in a circadian pattern similar to the pattern of electrical output measured from the optic nerve in L. maderae. Considering the circadian oscillator for L. maderae has been localized to the optic lobes of the brain, the discovery of GABA-like immunoreactivity in the optic lobes and optic tract could be an important first step in localizing cells that comprise the circadian oscillator(s) that control the temporal pattern of many physiological, biochemical and behavioral activities, such as locomotor activity and metabolism. Through the use of monoclonal antibodies and the enzyme alkaline phosphatase, GABA-like immunoreactivity has been discovered associated with neuropils of the optic lobes (lamina, medulla, lobula) and in the optic tract of the cockroach L. maderae. The localization of GABA-like immunoreactivity in the optic lobes and tract of L. maderae is consistent with findings in other invertebrates, including other species of cockroaches.
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Hussey, Dominic Anthony. "Morphology and electrophysiology of retinal photoreceptor terminations in the octopus (Eledone cirrosa) optic lobe." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2323.

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Cephalopods possess a well-developed visual system encompassing a pair of camera-type eyes attached to specific visual processing regions of the central nervous system known as the optic lobes. The retina contains a single type of photoreceptive cell, which send axons via a dorso-ventral chiasma to the optic lobes. Although electrophysiological recordings have been routinely obtained from the retina there are few recordings from the optic lobe. This study investigated the morphology and electrophysiology of the first synapse in the Octopus (Eledone cirrosa) visual system. The morphology and innervation patterns of individual optic nerves onto the optic lobe were revealed using the carbocyanine dye, Oil. Optic nerves had characteristic mapping patterns depending upon where they entered the optic lobe. Nerves innervating central regions of the optic lobe spread laterally in both directions for equal distances. Optic nerves that entered the lobe on the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the lobes spread for greater distances in only one direction. The morphology of the photoreceptor terminations in the cortex were comparable to the morphologies revealed in previous studies. A brain slice preparation of the octopus optic lobe was developed in order to make the first in vitro electrophysiological recordings from the first synapse in the visual pathway. Extracellular pre- and postsynaptic responses were recorded from the optic lobe and these were characterised. Using a variety of techniques (paired-pulse tests, frequency inhibition, ionic substitution) the different evoked field potentials recorded from different layers of the optic lobe slice were separated into pre- and postsynaptic components. Postsynaptic responses obtained in the outer regions of the plexiform zone were polysynaptic and negative in inflection whilst those obtained from the inner granular cell layer and medulla were positive. The effects of altering the extracellular concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ were all investigated. The resultant electrical activity after orthodromic stimulation of a single optic nerve was mapped in the optic lobe slice and plots of lines of isopotential produced. Pharmacological studies using the in vitro slice preparation in conjunction with specific antagonists to vertebrate receptors were employed to reveal the identity of the neurotransmitter released from the retinal photoreceptor terminations. The abolishment of postsynaptic responses with alpha-bungarotoxin and the increase with the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (eserine) indicated that the transmitter released is acetylcholine. Histochemical and immunohistochemical localisations of putative neurotransmitters (or their synthetic enzymes) in the cephalopod optic lobe were attempted. No neurotransmitter-like immunoreactivity was seen in the optic lobe, this was probably due to the primary antibodies used not recognising antigens in the tissue. In the decapod squid, Alloteuthis subulata and Loligo forbesii, AChE histochemistry revealed precise anatomical localisation of this enzyme which concurred with previous studies on other decapod species. This study has enhanced the understanding of the cephalopod visual system by providing a preparation of the optic lobe from which electrophysiological recordings can repeatabley be obtained. This preparation has been used to provide information about how visual information is passed from the retina to the central nervous system.
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Boergens, Kevin Verfasser], and Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] [Borst. "Connectomic analysis of mouse barrel cortex and fly optic lobe / Kevin Boergens ; Betreuer: Alexander Borst." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1156533538/34.

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Lin, Chan, and Nicholas Strausfeld. "A precocious adult visual center in the larva defines the unique optic lobe of the split-eyed whirligig beetle Dineutus sublineatus." BioMed Central, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610139.

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INTRODUCTION:Whirligig beetles (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae) are aquatic insects living on the water surface. They are equipped with four compound eyes, an upper pair viewing above the water surface and a lower submerged pair viewing beneath the water surface, but little is known about how their visual brain centers (optic lobes) are organized to serve such unusual eyes. We show here, for the first time, the peculiar optic lobe organization of the larval and adult whirligig beetle Dineutus sublineatus.RESULTS:The divided compound eyes of adult whirligig beetles supply optic lobes that are split into two halves, an upper half and lower half, comprising an upper and lower lamina, an upper and lower medulla and a bilobed partially split lobula. However, the lobula plate, a neuropil that in flies is known to be involved in mediating stabilized flight, exists only in conjunction with the lower lobe of the lobula. We show that, as in another group of predatory beetle larvae, in the whirligig beetle the aquatic larva precociously develops a lobula plate equipped with wide-field neurons. It is supplied by three larval laminas serving the three dorsal larval stemmata, which are adjacent to the developing upper compound eye.CONCLUSIONS:In adult whirligig beetles, dual optic neuropils serve the upper aerial eyes and the lower subaquatic eyes. The exception is the lobula plate. A lobula plate develops precociously in the larva where it is supplied by inputs from three larval stemmata that have a frontal-upper field of view, in which contrasting objects such as prey items trigger a body lunge and mandibular grasp. This precocious lobula plate is lost during pupal metamorphosis, whereas another lobula plate develops normally during metamorphosis and in the adult is associated with the lower eye. The different roles of the upper and lower lobula plates in supporting, respectively, larval predation and adult optokinetic balance are discussed. Precocious development of the upper lobula plate represents convergent evolution of an ambush hunting lifestyle, as exemplified by the terrestrial larvae of tiger beetles (Cicindelinae), in which activation of neurons in their precocious lobula plates, each serving two large larval stemmata, releases reflex body extension and mandibular grasp.
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Kolodziejczyk, Agata. "Chemical circuitry in the visual system of the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Zoologiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-60160.

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Signal processing in the visual system is mediated by classic neurotransmission and neuropeptidergic modulatory pathways. In Dipteran insects, especially in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, the morphology of the visual system is very well described. However neurotransmitter and neuropeptidergic circuits within the optic lobe neuropil are only partially known. Using several transgenic fly lines and antibodies we determined the localization of the classical neurotransmitters GABA, acetylcholine and glutamate in the visual system, and their putative targets via detecting several neurotransmitter receptors. We paid particular attention to the peripheral neuropil layer called the lamina, where the light signals are filtered, channeled and amplified (Paper I). We discovered four new types of efferent tangential neurons branching distally to the lamina. Among them was the first neuropeptidergic neuron (LMIo) in this region of Drosophila. The LMIo expresses myoinhibitory peptide (MIP) and has its cell body located close to the main lateral clock neurons that express the neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor (PDF)(Paper II). Since in other Dipteran species PDF is expressed in processes distally to the lamina, we performed comparative anatomical studies of the MIP, PDF, Ion Transport Peptide (ITP) and serotonin (5-HT) distribution in the visual system of the flies Drosophila and Calliphora. Our data suggest that PDF signaling distal to the lamina of the blowfly might be replaced by MIP signaling in the fruitfly, while ITP and 5-HT expression is conserved in the two species (Paper III). Serotonin is crucial in light adaptation during the daily light-dark cycles. We analyzed putative serotonergic circuits in the lamina. We found that LMIo neurons express the inhibitory receptor 5-HT1A, while 5-HT1B and 5-HT2 are both expressed in the epithelial glia of the lamina. Another novel wide-field neuron with lamina branches expresses the excitatory serotonin receptor 5-HT7. Our studies have identified a fairly complex neuronal circuitry in the tangential plexus above the lamina. (Paper IV). Finally we tested circadian locomotor activity rhythms in flies with the GABAB receptor knocked down on the lateral PDF-expressing clock neurons. We observed significant changes in the activity periods and diminished strength of rhythmicity during DD suggesting a modulatory role of GABA in clock function (Paper V).
At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Manuscript. Paper 5: Manuscript.
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Gibbs, Sarah Margaretha. "Regulation of Drosophila visual system development by nitric oxide and cyclic GMP /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10651.

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Antonio, David Santos Marco. "Processos celulares no desenvolvimento do olho composto de Apis mellifera." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17135/tde-10102008-144722/.

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Os processos que regem o desenvolvimento dos olhos compostos em insetos têm sido amplamente estudados em Drosophila melanogaster onde estes se originam a partir de discos imaginais. Pouco se sabe, porém, sobre o desenvolvimento do lóbulo óptico e da retina em outros insetos que, na sua grande maioria, não possuem discos imaginais de olhos separados do sistema nervoso central. Neste sentido, a análise comparada do desenvolvimento dos olhos de Apis mellifera pode contribuir não somente para aspectos evo-devo entre as grandes famílias dos insetos holometábolos, quanto pode elucidar questões de plasticidade de desenvolvimento pois os olhos compostos apresentam fortes características sexo e casta-específicas. Com o objetivo primário de elucidar os padrões de divisão e diferenciação celular durante o desenvolvimento do olho em A. mellifera realizamos análises histológicas e de imunomarcação durante o desenvolvimento pós-embrionário, juntamente com análise de expressão do gene roughest em tempo real. Para imunomarcação utilizamos o anticorpo anti-fosfo-histona H3 fosforilada que marca células em fase M do ciclo celular. Foram analisadas larvas operárias entre o terceiro instar larval (L3) até pupas de olho branco, rosa e marrom, com foco sobre o quinto instar larval que fica subdividida em fase de alimentação e crescimento (L5F), fases de tecelagem de casulo (L5S) e prepupa (PP). O desenvolvimento do lóbulo óptico em Apis mellifera ocorre por dobramento neuroepitelial, a partir de um centro de diferenciação, seqüencialmente gerando as camadas neurais do lóbulo óptico (lóbula, medula e lâmina). A lâmina (última a surgir) 6 apresentou-se com desenvolvimento mais lento e em duas fases antes da metamorfose: a primeira fase é o seu surgimento no começo do quinto instar larval acompanhando o primeiro pico de expressão de roughest e a segunda fase ocorre durante a tecelagem de casulo com o desenvolvimento do córtex acompanhando o segundo pico de expressão de roughest. Ainda durante o segundo pico de expressão de roughest os rabdômeros da retina começam a ficar visíveis, assim como os feixes axonais. Estes porém estarão completamente formados somente após a metamorfose.. O desenvolvimento completo da lâmina, lóbula e medula e da retina ocorre somente após a metamorfose. Durante a fase pupal as estruturas do lóbulo óptico estão prontas, porém na retina observa-se ainda gradual pigmentação, encurtamento dos feixes axonais e alongamento dos rabdômeros até atingirem o seu comprimento final logo antes da emergência.
The processes that drive compound eye development in insects have been broadly studied in Drosophila melanogaster in which they arise from imaginal discs. Little is known about optic lobe and retina development in other insects, most of which do not have imaginal eye discs attached to the nervous system. For this reason, a comparative analysis of eye development in the honey bee, Apis mellifera, not only contributes to evo-devo aspects comparing the major families of holometabolous insects, but also may elucidate questions about developmental plasticity because the compound eyes of the honeybee show strong sex and caste-specific differences. Since our primary objective was to elucidate the pattern of cellular differentiation and division during eye development we performed histological and immunolabelling analyses during the postembrionic stages of development, concomitant with a realtime analysis of roughest gene expression. For the immunolabelling experiments we used an anti-phospho-histone H3 antibody that labels cells in M phase. We analyzed eye development in worker larvae starting with the third instar until white, pink and browneyed pupae, paying special attention to the fifth instar which was subdivided into feeding phase (L5F), cocoon spinning phase (L5S) and prepupae (PP). Optic Lobe development in Apis mellifera occurs by neuroepithelial folding initiating from a differentiation center, in the larval brain. This center sequentially produces the neural layers of the optic lobe (medulla, lobula and lamina). Development of the lamina, which is the last layer to be formed, takes more time and happens in two steps before metamorphosis. The first step is emergence at the beginning of the fifth larval instar coinciding with the first peak of roughest gene expression. The second step 8 occurs during the cocoon spinning phase and is marked by its inner differentiation, again accompanied by a second peak of roughest expression. During this second peak of roughest expression the rabdomers in the retina become visible. These, however, cplete thir development only during the pupal stage. The development of the lamina, lobula and medulla is not complete until after metamorphosis, even though these optic lobe structures are structurally defined already at the beginning of the pupal phase. Retinal development in this phase is marked by gradual pigmentation, axonal bundle shortening and rabdomer elongation, which reach their final size just prior to emergence of the bees from their brood cells.
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Antonio, David Santos Marco. "Processos Celulares e Moleculares no Desenvolvimento do Sistema Visual em Operárias e Zangões de Apis mellifera." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17135/tde-22042013-103859/.

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Mecanismos que regem o desenvolvimento do olho composto e lóbulo óptico tem sido amplamente estudados em Drosophila melanogaster onde a retina é formada a partir de um disco imaginal anexado com o cérebro e os lóbulos opticos a partir do primórdio óptico externo. Através de histologia comparativa e análise de expressão gênica no desenvolvimento do sistema visual em Apis mellifera nós procuramos elucidar questões sobre plasticidade do desenvolvimento subjacente a fortes diferenças sexo- e casta-específico no olho assim como contribuir com aspectos evo-devo. O desenvolvimento dos lóbulos ópticos ocorre por dobramento neuroepitelial a partir de um centro de diferenciação no cérebro larval. Deste centro, a medula, lamina e lóbula surgem ao mesmo tempo em operárias e zangões. Dois passos marcam a diferenciação da lâmina (i) sua origem a partir da diferenciação de neuroblastos da camada mais externa da medula, isso coincidindo com o primeiro pico de expressão de roughest, e (ii) 24 horas mais tarde o aparecimento dos omatideos hexagonais coincidindo com o segundo pico de expressão de roughest. Com a inclusão de genes candidatos relacionados com o desenvolvimento do olho e lóbulos ópticos em insetos [small optic lobe (sol), eyes absent (eya), minibrain (mnb), sine oculis (so), embryonic lethal, abnormal vision (elav) e epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr)] nós encontramos distintos picos de expressão para sol, eya, mnb e so em níveis de transcritos e tempo de aparição do pico diferindo entre operárias e zangões. Enquanto estes quatro genes mostraram relativa sincronia durante o desenvolvimento em zangões, o mesmo não ocorreu em operárias. Além disso, em operárias sol é muito mais expresso na pré-pupa do que em zangões. Ambos os sexo mostraram padrões muito similares de expressão de elav, exceto por um atraso em zangões. Em contraste, a expressão de egfr ocorre antes em zangões. Durante a phase chave no desenvolvimento do sistema visual, uma análise global do transcriptoma, por meio de micro-arranjos mostrou vários genes relacionados com ciclo celular entre os diferencialmente expressos. Em conclusão, a relação entre tempo e eventos morfológicos com os padrões de expressão gênica revelou diferenças possivelmente relacionadas com mecanismos subjacentes ao desenvolvimento do sistema visual altamente dimorfico de Apis mellifera.
Developmental mechanisms governing compound eye development in insects have been broadly studied in Drosophila melanogaster, where the retina is formed from an imaginal disc attached to the larval brain. However little is known about eye development in other insects, most of which do not have such imaginal eye discs. Through a comparative histological and gene expression analysis of eye development in the honey bee, Apis mellifera, we intended to elucidate questions about developmental plasticity underlying the marked sex and castespecific differences in eye size, as well as to contribute to evo-devo aspects. Optic lobe development occurs by neuroepithelial folding initiating from a differentiation center in the larval brain. From this center, the medula, lamina and lobula arise at the same time in drones and workers. Two steps mark the differentiation of the lamina (i) its origin from neuroblasts differentiating in the outer layer of the medula, this coinciding with the first peak of roughest expression during the feeding stage of the fifth larval instar, and (ii) 24 hours later, the appearance of hexagonal ommatidia, coinciding with a second peak in roughest expression. Upon including further candidate genes related to insect eye development [small optic lobe (sol), eyes absent (eya), minibrain (mnb), sine oculis (so), embryonic lethal, abnormal vision (elav) and epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr)] we found distinct expression peaks for sol, eya, mnb and so, with timing and relative transcript levels differing between drones and workers. Whereas these four genes showed a relatively synchronous pattern of expression in drones in the fifth larval instar, this was not so in workers. Furthermore, in prepupae sol was higher expressed in workers than the other three genes, and also in comparison to drones. Both sexes showed a strikingly similar expression pattern for elav, except for some delay in drones. In contrast, egfr expression was found to occur earlier in drones. Through a global transcriptom analysis, done at a key step of larval development, several genes were reveled as diffetentially expressed, many of these regulating cell cycle steps. In conclusion, the relationship in the timing of morphological events with gene expression patterns revealed differences possibly related to mechanisms underlying development of the highly dimorphic compound eye in the honey bee.
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Books on the topic "Optic lobe"

1

The arrow of love: Optics, gender, and subjectivity in medieval love poetry. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press, 2003.

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Luce, amore, visione: L'ottica nella lirica italiana del Duecento. Roma: Aracne, 2013.

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Takao, Kumazawa, Kruger Lawrence, and Mizumura Kazue, eds. The polymodal receptor: A gateway to pathological pain. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1996.

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DeFelipe, Javier. Optic Lobe of Lower Vertebrates. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190842833.003.0008.

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Kennard, Christopher, and Sara Ajina. Visual pathways. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.240601_update_001.

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Visual disturbances may be caused by diseases of the optic disc, optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, lateral geniculate nucleus, optic radiations, and occipital lobe of the brain, as well as other brain areas involved in complex visual processing.Diagnosis of disturbances of the visual pathways requires both knowledge of their anatomy and physiology, and the ability to carry out a thorough neuro-ophthalmological examination which should enable (1) documentation of the character and extent of the visual disturbance, and (2) topographic localization of the lesion, so that the relevant investigative techniques, such as radiological imaging, can be appropriately requested....
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Brooke, Alice. Divine Reflections. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198816829.003.0002.

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This chapter explores Sor Juana’s best known auto sacramental, El divino Narciso. In particular, it focusses on what previous critics have perceived to be the weakness of the play, that is Sor Juana’s choice of Narcissus as a figure of Christ. In contrast, this study argues that the apparent dissimilarity between Narcissus’ self-love and Christ’s selfless love is precisely the reason for Sor Juana’s choice. In particular, it explores a little-known source for the play, Jakob Masen’s Speculum imaginum, and its connection to Golden Age theories of wit. Specifically, it demonstrates how Masen’s emphasis on originality and the unexpected, together with his theories on mirrors and optics, explains Sor Juana’s Christological reading of the Ovidian myth. The study then turns to the loa to explore how the treatment of optics in the auto can also be applied to its introductory piece, and how this illuminates its reading of the Conquest.
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Stewart, Dana E. Arrow of Love: Optics, Gender, and Subjectivity in Medieval Love Poetry. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2003.

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Z, Wang G., Claus Richard O, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Analyses of near- and far-field two-lobe patterns outside the output endface of a two-mode fiber. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1991.

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Z, Wang G., Claus Richard O, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Analyses of near- and far-field two-lobe patterns outside the output endface of a two-mode fiber. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1991.

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Analyses of near- and far-field two-lobe patterns outside the output endface of a two-mode fiber. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Optic lobe"

1

Heppner, John B., John B. Heppner, Minos E. Tzanakakis, Minos E. Tzanakakis, Minos E. Tzanakakis, Pauline O. Lawrence, John L. Capinera, et al. "Optic Lobe." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 2682. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_1865.

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Cajal, Santiago Ramón y. "Structure of the Optic Lobe of Lower Vertebrates." In Texture of the Nervous System of Man and the Vertebrates, 511–39. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6315-3_24.

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Cohen, Rochelle S., Harish C. Pant, and Harold Gainer. "Squid Optic Lobe Synaptosomes: Structure and Function of Isolated Synapses." In Squid as Experimental Animals, 213–33. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2489-6_13.

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Perruchoud, Benjamin, and Boris Egger. "Immunofluorescent Labeling of Neural Stem Cells in the Drosophila Optic Lobe." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 71–78. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-655-9_5.

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Perenin, M. T. "Optic Ataxia and Unilateral Neglect: Clinical Evidence for Dissociable Spatial Functions in Posterior Parietal Cortex." In Parietal Lobe Contributions to Orientation in 3D Space, 289–308. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60661-8_17.

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Glantz, Raymon M., and Clyde S. Miller. "Signal Processing in the Crayfish Optic Lobe: Contrast, Motion and Polarization Vision." In The Crustacean Nervous System, 486–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04843-6_36.

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Fischbach, K. F., F. Barleben, U. Boschert, A. P. M. Dittrich, B. Gschwander, B. Houbé, R. Jäger, E. Kaltenbach, R. G. P. Ramos, and G. Schlosser. "Developmental Studies on the Optic Lobe of Drosophila Melanogaster Using Structural Brain Mutants." In Neurobiology of Sensory Systems, 171–94. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2519-0_13.

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Glantz, R., and C. Pfeiffer-Linn. "Synaptic Mechanisms of a Dual Channel Contrast Detection System in the Crayfish Optic Lobe." In Frontiers in Crustacean Neurobiology, 157–64. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-5689-8_17.

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Talesa, V., M. Grauso, M. Arpagaus, E. Giovannini, and G. Rosi. "Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a cDNA Encoding AChE from Optic Lobe of Loligo Opalescences." In Structure and Function of Cholinesterases and Related Proteins, 143. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1540-5_35.

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Stewart, Dana E. "Spirits of Love: Subjectivity, Gender, and Optics in the Lyrics of Guido Cavalcanti." In Late Medieval and Early Modern Studies, 37–60. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.lmems-eb.3.1785.

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Conference papers on the topic "Optic lobe"

1

Tony, Essam S., and Sujeet K. Chaudhuri. "A Directional Coupler Acousto-optic Filter With Reduced Side lobe Levels." In Integrated Photonics Research. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ipr.1994.fh4.

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Yu, S. C. M., and S. C. Low. "A Preliminary Analysis on the Vortical Structure of a Coaxial Geometry With a Central Lobed Nozzle." In ASME 1997 Turbo Asia Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-aa-112.

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The vortical structure of the turbulent, confined, coaxial geometry with a central lobe forced mixer have been determined by measurements using a two-component fibre-optic laser-Doppler anemometer at a Reynolds number of 5.1 × 104 (based on the baseline circular nozzle diameter, Di = 30 mm, and bulk mean velocity, Ur, of the two streams at 1.7 m/s). Ratios of the annular mean to the core mean velocity (λ) were kept at 0.4, 1.1 and 2.0 respectively. Results showed that the mixing processes were greatly enhanced by the formation and interactions of the normal and streamwise vorticity. In particular, the deformation and the subsequent stretching of the normal vortices shed at the nozzle walls by the streamwise vortices played a crucial role in the mixing processes. The higher speed stream appeared to determine the form of mixing downstream. For all the cases considered, strength of the streamwise vorticity were dissipated within 6Di from the nozzle exit plane.
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Ferreira, João Henrique Fregadolli, Amanda Maieski, Caio Disserol, and Helio Afonso Ghizoni Teive. "Corticobasal syndrome with Balint syndrome: a clue for Alzheimer disease pathology." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.712.

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Context: Balint syndrome (BS), first described in 1909, has three core features: optic ataxia, oculomotor apraxia and simultanagnosia, and has been described after various conditions amongst vascular, infectious, demyelinating and degenerative diseases1 . It has already been reported concomitant with corticobasal syndrome (CBS)2 . Case report: 59 year-old male without history of previous diseases presented with behavior changes in the last two years. He had a previous diagnosis of “stroke” because frequent falls to the left side and difficulty in using his left hand for simple daily activities. After that, he gradually evolved with visual problems (bumped into objects inside his house), fear of walking or sitting, and required constant assistance for basic activities of daily living. On physical examination he presented with clear visuospatial dysfunction, characterized by simultanagnosia, oculomotor apraxia and optic ataxia. Bilateral asymmetric upper limb apraxia (worse on left side), dystonic posturing and stimulus-sensitive myoclonus in the left arm were also present. No signs of parkinsonism or language/speech disturbances were identified. Brain MRI showed severe asymmetric biparietal lobe atrophy (right more than left). DISCUSSION: The pathologic findings underlying CBS are variable, including Corticobasal Degeneration, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and Alzheimer Disease (AD). The association of BS and CBS favors the possibility of AD pathologic findings3 . Imaging methods like FDG-PET have recently been shown to be capable of distinguishing AD-related CBS from those associated with other pathologies4 . FDG-PET is not widely available in our country; than the presence of BS in CBS patients may individualize their treatment.
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4

Borodkin, A. I., A. V. Kovalev, M. Giudici, G. Huyet, M. Marconi, and E. A. Viktorov. "Dual-lobe Optical Frequency Comb Laser." In 2022 International Conference Laser Optics (ICLO). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iclo54117.2022.9839930.

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Pires de Souza, Bruna Dias, Antonio Elcio Ferreira Junior, Marcelo Luis Francisco Abbade, and Ivan Aldaya. "Side-lobe level reduction in 1D photonic array antennas." In 2018 SBFoton International Optics and Photonics Conference (SBFoton IOPC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sbfoton-iopc.2018.8610882.

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Shah, Manhar L. "Suppression of ghost images and side lobes in acousto-optic devices." In Aerospace/Defense Sensing and Controls, edited by Dennis R. Pape. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.319432.

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Eisenstein, Jessica, Peter Y. Wong, and Caroline G. L. Cao. "Development of an Endoscopic Fiber Optic Shape Tracker." In ASME 2010 5th Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2010-32032.

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Colon cancer is estimated to be the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the US [1], with the cost of colorectal cancer treatment reaching $8.4 billion annually [2]. Though colonoscopy is the current standard for colon cancer screening and diagnosis, the procedure has disadvantages due from the near-blind navigation process used. During the procedure, endoscopists frequently lose sight of landmarks in the colon, losing track of their locations within the colon and becoming disoriented.
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8

Boskovic, N., B. Jokanovic, and A. Nesic. "Frequency scanning antenna array with enhanced side lobe suppression." In 2014 8th International Congress on Advanced Electromagnetic Materials in Microwaves and Optics (METAMATERIALS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/metamaterials.2014.6948597.

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Yin, Stuart, Jae Hun Kim, Fei Wu, Paul Ruffin, and Claire Luo. "Ultra-fast speed, low grating lobe optical beam steering using unequally spaced phased array technique." In Optics & Photonics 2005, edited by Francis T. Yu, Ruyan Guo, and Shizhuo Yin. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.613065.

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Berry, Tristan T., and Unyime O. Nseyo. "The role of the prostatic median lobe in urinary symptoms following photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP)." In Biomedical Optics 2004, edited by Kenneth E. Bartels, Lawrence S. Bass, Werner T. W. de Riese, Kenton W. Gregory, Henry Hirschberg, Abraham Katzir, Nikiforos Kollias, et al. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.537798.

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