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1

Fink, Lawrence E. "Optical accelerometer." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 81, no. 2 (February 1987): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.394856.

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2

Grissom, David. "Optical accelerometer." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 84, no. 5 (November 1988): 1962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.397100.

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3

Carome, Edward F. "Optical fiber accelerometer." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 87, no. 3 (March 1990): 1382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.399492.

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4

Xiao, Xiangpeng, Jinpeng Tao, Qingguo Song, Yuezhen Sun, Jiang Yang, and Zhijun Yan. "Sensitivity-Tunable Oscillator-Accelerometer Based on Optical Fiber Bragg Grating." Photonics 8, no. 6 (June 15, 2021): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8060223.

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We demonstrate a fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based oscillator-accelerometer in which the acceleration sensitivity can be tuned by controlling the location of the mass oscillator. We theoretically and experimentally investigated the performance of the proposed accelerometer. Theoretical analysis showed that both the mass and location of the oscillator affect the sensitivity and resonant frequency of the accelerometer. To simplify the analysis, a nondimensional parameter, P, was introduced to tune the sensitivity of the FBG-based oscillator-accelerometer, which is related to the location of the mass oscillator. Numerical analysis showed that the accelerometer sensitivity is linearly proportional to the P parameter. In the experiment, six FBG-based oscillator-accelerometers with different P parameters (0.125, 0.25, 0.375, 0.5, 0.625, 0.75) were fabricated and tested. The experimental results agree very well with the numerical analysis, in which the sensitivity of the proposed accelerometer linearly increased with the increase in parameter P (7.6 pm/g, 15.8 pm/g, 19.3 pm/g, 25.4 pm/g, 30.6 pm/g, 35.7 pm/g). The resonance frequency is quadratically proportional to parameter P, and the resonance frequency reaches the minimum of 440 Hz when P is equal to 0.5. The proposed oscillator-accelerometer showed very good orthogonal vibration isolation.
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5

Llobera, A., V. Seidemann, J. A. Plaza, V. J. Cadarso, and S. Buttgenbach. "Integrated polymer optical accelerometer." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 17, no. 6 (June 2005): 1262–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2005.846458.

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6

Abbaspour-Sani, E., Ruey-Shing Huang, and Chee Yee Kwok. "A novel optical accelerometer." IEEE Electron Device Letters 16, no. 5 (May 1995): 166–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/55.382228.

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7

Dupont, O., and J. C. Legros. "The optical bidirectional accelerometer." Advances in Space Research 8, no. 12 (January 1988): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(88)90016-6.

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8

Dongshan Jiang, Dongshan Jiang, Faxiang Zhang Faxiang Zhang, Wentao Zhang Wentao Zhang, Feng Li Feng Li, and Fang Li Fang Li. "Robust 3-component optical fiber accelerometer for seismic monitoring." Chinese Optics Letters 11, no. 2 (2013): 020602–20605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201311.020602.

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9

Lieberman, Paul, John Czajkowski, and John Rchard. "Optical System for Measurement of Pyrotechnic Test Accelerations." Journal of the IEST 35, no. 6 (November 1, 1992): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.2.35.6.jt5tv5811217p704.

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This effort was directed at comparing the response of several different accelerometcr and amplifier combinations to the pyrotechnic pulse simulating the ordnance separation of stages of multistage missiles. These pyrotechnic events can contain peak accelerations in excess of 100,000 G and a frequency content exceeding 100,000 Hz. The main thrust of this work was to compare the several accelerometer systems with each other and with a very accurate laser Doppler displacement meter in order to establish the frequency bands and acceleration amplitudes where the accelerometer systems are in error. The comparisons were made in simple sinc-wave and low-acceleration amplitude environments, as well as in very severe pyroshock environments. An optical laser Doppler displacement meter (LDDM) was used to obtain the displacement velocity and acceleration histories, as well as the corresponding shock spectrum.
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10

Vallan, Alberto, Sabrina Grassini, and Guido Perrone. "Surface Treatments to Enhance the Sensitivity of Plastic Optical Fiber Based Accelerometers." Key Engineering Materials 543 (March 2013): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.543.297.

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The paper presents an all-fiber accelerometer that uses plastic optical fibers and discusses the enhancement of its sensitivity through physical treatments on the polymer surface to modify the light propagation characteristics. Given the target of being low-cost and compact, the accelerometer exploits the variation of propagation loss induced by the deformations of a miniaturized cantilever on which the fiber is fixed. This simple setup, however, does not exhibit a sufficient sensitivity unless the fiber surface is properly treated in order to enhance the loss dependence with the cantilever bending. Two approaches are compared, namely plasma micro-and nanotexturing and laser localized ablations. Several prototypes of accelerometers have been fabricated using various types of plastic fibers and characterized using a vibration test facility. Preliminary results show that both techniques are effective and can produce similar results, although accelerometer made by laser localized ablation may be more suitable for industrial applications, like the monitoring of vibrations due to moving parts of machines.
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11

MAKINO, Jun-icih, and Seikoo SUZUKI. "Accelerometer and optical fiber gyroscope." Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan 8, no. 4 (1990): 468–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.8.4_468.

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12

Lin Qiao, 林巧, 李书 Li Shu, 潘建彬 Pan Jianbin, 吴兴坤 Wu Xingkun, 陈柳华 Chen Liuhua, and 倪玮 Ni Wei. "High-Resolution Optical Fiber Accelerometer." Acta Optica Sinica 29, no. 9 (2009): 2374–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos20092909.2374.

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13

Kalenik, Jerzy, and Ryszard Pająk. "A cantilever optical-fiber accelerometer." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 68, no. 1-3 (June 1998): 350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-4247(98)00066-1.

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14

Castro, F. A., S. R. M. Carneiro, O. Lisbôa, and S. L. A. Carrara. "Two-mode optical fiber accelerometer." Optics Letters 17, no. 20 (October 15, 1992): 1474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.17.001474.

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15

Vallet, F., and J. Marcou. "A low-frequency optical accelerometer." Journal of Optics 29, no. 3 (June 1998): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0150-536x/29/3/009.

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16

Casas-Ramos, Miguel A., L. Gabriela Castillo-Barrera, and G. E. Sandoval-Romero. "Optical accelerometer for seismic measurement." Vibroengineering PROCEDIA 21 (December 13, 2018): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/vp.2018.20379.

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17

Dinev, Petko D. "Two dimensional fiber‐optical accelerometer." Review of Scientific Instruments 67, no. 1 (January 1996): 288–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146550.

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18

Li, Rui-Jun, Ying-Jun Lei, Zhen-Xin Chang, Lian-Sheng Zhang, and Kuang-Chao Fan. "Development of a High-Sensitivity Optical Accelerometer for Low-Frequency Vibration Measurement." Sensors 18, no. 9 (September 1, 2018): 2910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18092910.

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Low-frequency vibration is a harmful factor that affects the accuracy of micro/nano-measuring machines. Low-frequency vibration cannot be completely eliminated by passive control methods, such as the use of air-floating platforms. Therefore, low-frequency vibrations must be measured before being actively suppressed. In this study, the design of a low-cost high-sensitivity optical accelerometer is proposed. This optical accelerometer mainly comprises three components: a seismic mass, a leaf spring, and a sensing component based on a four-quadrant photodetector (QPD). When a vibration is detected, the seismic mass moves up and down due to the effect of inertia, and the leaf spring exhibits a corresponding elastic deformation, which is amplified by using an optical lever and measured by the QPD. Then, the acceleration can be calculated. The resonant frequencies and elastic coefficients of various seismic structures are simulated to attain the optimal detection of low-frequency, low-amplitude vibration. The accelerometer is calibrated using a homemade vibration calibration system, and the calibration experimental results demonstrate that the sensitivity of the optical accelerometer is 1.74 V (m·s−2)−1, the measurement range of the accelerometer is 0.003–7.29 m·s−2, and the operating frequencies range of 0.4–12 Hz. The standard deviation from ten measurements is under 7.9 × 10−4 m·s−2. The efficacy of the optical accelerometer in measuring low-frequency, low-amplitude dynamic responses is verified.
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19

Plaza, J. A., A. Llobera, C. Dominguez, J. Esteve, I. Salinas, J. Garcia, and J. Berganzo. "BESOI-Based Integrated Optical Silicon Accelerometer." Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems 13, no. 2 (April 2004): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jmems.2004.824884.

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20

Antunes, Paulo Fernando Costa, Humberto Varum, and Paulo S. Andre. "Intensity-Encoded Polymer Optical Fiber Accelerometer." IEEE Sensors Journal 13, no. 5 (May 2013): 1716–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2013.2242463.

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21

Bhola, Bipin, and William H. Steier. "A Novel Optical Microring Resonator Accelerometer." IEEE Sensors Journal 7, no. 12 (December 2007): 1759–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2007.910070.

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22

Abbaspour-Sani, Ebrahim, Ruey-Shing Huang, and Chee Yee Kwok. "A wide-range linear optical accelerometer." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 49, no. 3 (July 1995): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-4247(95)01024-6.

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23

Jindal, Sumit Kumar, Srishti Priya, and S. Kshipra Prasadh. "Design Guidelines for MEMS Optical Accelerometer based on Dependence of Sensitivities on Diaphragm Dimensions." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 07 (September 12, 2019): 2050107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620501078.

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This work deals in specifying the design considerations while constructing a Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) optical accelerometer working on capacitive sensing technique. Sensitivity is one of the most demanded characteristics of any sensor. The sensor considered is a MEMS capacitive accelerometer in which both displacement and capacitance are the primary sensing characteristics. This differential capacitive accelerometer causes change in displacement due to applied acceleration and further produces change in capacitance. So, the main focus in this work is to improve or select the suitable diaphragm dimensions of the differential capacitor in order to get optimal capacitive and displacement sensitivity. This is done for an Optical MEMS (MOEMS) based sensor where slight change has a large-scale impact. The electrical signal is converted to optical by adding an Optical Interferometer. Mach–Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) is used to carry out the intensity modulation which also gives protection in inflammable surroundings. This makes the system suitable for working in high temperature regions.
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24

Li, Yuqing, Kuo Li, Guoyong Liu, Juan Tian, and Yanchun Wang. "A pre-relaxed FBG accelerometer using transverse forces with high sensitivity and improved resonant frequency." Photonics Letters of Poland 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i1.918.

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Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) accelerometers using transverse forces have higher sensitivity but lower resonant frequency than ones using axial forces. By shortening the distance between the two fixed ends of the FBG, the resonant frequency can be improved without lowing the sensitivity. Here, a compact FBG accelerometer using transverse forces with a slightly pre-relaxed FBG and 25mm distance between the two fixed ends has been demonstrated with the crest-to-trough sensitivity 1.1nm/g at 5Hz and the resonant frequency 42Hz. It reveals that making the FBG slightly pre-relaxed rather than pre-stretched also improves the tradeoff between the sensitivity and resonant frequency. Full Text: PDF References:Kawasaki, B. S. , Hill, K. O , Johnson, D. C. , & Fujii, Y. , "Narrow-band Bragg reflectors in optical fibers", Optics Letters 3, 66 (1978) [CrossRef]K. O. Hill, and G. Meltz, "Fiber Bragg grating technology fundamentals and overview", Journal of Lightwave Technology 15, 1263 (1997) [CrossRef]B. Lee, "Review of the present status of optical fiber sensors", Optical Fiber Technology, 9, 57-79 (2003) [CrossRef]Laudati, A. , Mennella, F. , Giordano, M. , D"Altrui, G. , Tassini, C. C. , & Cusano, A., "A Fiber-Optic Bragg Grating Seismic Sensor", IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 19, 1991 (2007) [CrossRef]P. F. Costa Antunes, C. A. Marques, H. Varum, and P. S. Andre, "Biaxial Optical Accelerometer and High-Angle Inclinometer With Temperature and Cross-Axis Insensitivity", IEEE Sens. J. 12, 2399 (2012) [CrossRef]Guo, Y. , Zhang, D. , Zhou, Z. , Xiong, L. , & Deng, X., "Welding-packaged accelerometer based on metal-coated FBG", Chinese Optics Letters, 11, 21 (2013). [CrossRef]Zhang, Y. , Zhang, W. , Zhang, Y. , Chen, L. , Yan, T. , & Wang, S. , et al., "2-D Medium–High Frequency Fiber Bragg Gratings Accelerometer", IEEE Sensors Journal, 17, 614(2017) [CrossRef]Xiu-bin Zhu, "A novel FBG velocimeter with wind speed and temperature synchronous measurement", Optoelectronics Letters, 14, 276-279 (2018) [CrossRef]Li, K. , Yau, M. H. , Chan, T. H. T. , Thambiratnam, D., "Fiber Bragg grating strain modulation based on nonlinear string transverse-force amplifier", & Tam, H. Y. , Optics Letters, 38, 311 (2013) [CrossRef]Li, K. , Chan, T. H. T. , Yau, M. H. , Nguyen, T. , Thambiratnam, D. P. , & Tam, H. Y., "Very sensitive fiber Bragg grating accelerometer using transverse forces with an easy over-range protection and low cross axial sensitivity", Applied Optics, 52, 6401 (2013) [CrossRef]Li, K. , Chan, T. H. T. , Yau, M. H. , Thambiratnam, D. P. , & Tam, H. Y., "Biaxial Fiber Bragg Grating Accelerometer Using Axial and Transverse Forces", IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 26, 1549 (2014). [CrossRef]Li, K. , Chan, T. H. , Yau, M. H. , Thambiratnam, D. P. , & Tam, H. Y., "Experimental verification of the modified spring-mass theory of fiber Bragg grating accelerometers using transverse forces", Applied Optics, 53, 1200-1211(2014) [CrossRef]
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25

Li, Kuo, Guoyong Liu, Yuqing Li, Jun Yang, and Wenlong Ma. "Ultra-Small Fiber Bragg Grating Accelerometer." Applied Sciences 9, no. 13 (July 3, 2019): 2707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9132707.

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Reducing the size of an accelerometer overcomes the tradeoff between its sensitivity and resonant frequency, and the theoretical relationships are analyzed. A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) accelerometer with the shortest vibration arm, 7 mm, among FBG accelerometers using the optical fiber to hold its inertial object is demonstrated here. The inertial object was 4.41 g. The experimental crest-to-trough sensitivity and resonant frequency, 244 pm/g and 90 Hz, disagree with the theoretical values, 633 pm/g and 67 Hz, perhaps due to the friction between the inertial object and shell. In order to find the theoretical values, a method to find the pre-stretch of the FBG is also presented here, based on the stretch of the FBG at equilibrium and the mass of the inertial object. The FFT program, experimental data and theoretical calculations are presented in detail in the Supplementary Material.
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26

Devyatisil’nyi, A. S. "On the interpretation of optical accelerometer indications." Technical Physics 49, no. 9 (September 2004): 1247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1800253.

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27

Wang, Xiaofeng, Yongxing Guo, Li Xiong, and Heng Wu. "High-Frequency Optical Fiber Bragg Grating Accelerometer." IEEE Sensors Journal 18, no. 12 (June 15, 2018): 4954–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2018.2833885.

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28

Ali, Amir R. "Micro-optical vibrometer/accelerometer using dielectric microspheres." Applied Optics 58, no. 16 (May 22, 2019): 4211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.58.004211.

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29

Llobera, A., V. J. Cadarso, V. Seidemann, S. Büttgenbach, and J. A. Plaza. "Optical and Structural Numerical Simulation of SU-8: Optical Accelerometer." Sensor Letters 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2008): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2008.001.

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30

Yao, Yuan, Debin Pan, Jianbo Wang, Tingting Dong, Jie Guo, Chensheng Wang, Anbing Geng, Weidong Fang, and Qianbo Lu. "Design and Modification of a High-Resolution Optical Interferometer Accelerometer." Sensors 21, no. 6 (March 16, 2021): 2070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21062070.

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The Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MOEMS) accelerometer is a new type of accelerometer that combines the merits of optical measurement and Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) to enable high precision, small volume, and anti-electromagnetism disturbance measurement of acceleration, which makes it a promising candidate for inertial navigation and seismic monitoring. This paper proposes a modified micro-grating-based accelerometer and introduces a new design method to characterize the grating interferometer. A MEMS sensor chip with high sensitivity was designed and fabricated, and the processing circuit was modified. The micro-grating interference measurement system was modeled, and the response sensitivity was analyzed. The accelerometer was then built and benchmarked with a commercial seismometer in detail. Compared to the previous prototype in the experiment, the results indicate that the noise floor has an ultra-low self-noise of 15 ng/Hz1/2.
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31

Zhou, Feng, Yiliang Bao, Ramgopal Madugani, David A. Long, Jason J. Gorman, and Thomas W. LeBrun. "Broadband thermomechanically limited sensing with an optomechanical accelerometer." Optica 8, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/optica.413117.

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32

Shanbag, Ganesh, Niharika Venkatesh, V. Varsha, and T. Srinivas. "Optimization of Non-Uniform Optical Waveguide in MOEMS Accelerometer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 2631–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.2631.

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Miniaturization is the rule of the day. This has even extended to optical domain where entire sensor arrays complete with laser or led source and pin photodiode are fabricated within a single chip. The device discussed and analyzed in this paper is a MOEMS accelerometer which consists of uniform micro cantilever on one arm of MZI structure. The refractive index is assumed to vary even along the direction of pulse propagation along with the frequently analyzed refractive index profile perpendicular to the light pulse path. The efficiency of device is increased by numerous optimization measures. A dual approach of optimal curved waveguide with increased difference is found to maximize power in waveguide core with minimal leakage to the cladding. This effectively translates to increased sensitivity as greater power is available for accurate detection process. The analysis is supported by appropriate simulations.
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33

He Sixuan, 何思璇, 吴德伟 Wu Dewei, and 苗强 Miao Qiang. "Scheme for Optical-Trap-Force-Based Atomic Accelerometer." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 57, no. 17 (2020): 171406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop57.171406.

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34

da Costa Antunes, P. F., H. F. T. Lima, N. J. Alberto, H. Rodrigues, P. M. F. Pinto, J. de Lemos Pinto, R. N. Nogueira, H. Varum, A. G. Costa, and P. S. de Brito Andre. "Optical Fiber Accelerometer System for Structural Dynamic Monitoring." IEEE Sensors Journal 9, no. 11 (November 2009): 1347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2009.2026548.

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35

da Costa Antunes, Paulo Fernando, Hugo Filipe Pinheiro Rodrigues, Humberto Varum, and Paulo Sérgio de Brito André. "ELEVATED WATER RESERVOIR MONITORING USING OPTICAL FIBER ACCELEROMETER." Instrumentation Science & Technology 41, no. 2 (March 2013): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2012.735308.

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36

Degani, O., D. Seter, E. Socher, S. Kaldor, and Y. Nemirovsky. "Micromachined accelerometer with modulated integrative differential optical sensing." Electronics Letters 34, no. 7 (1998): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19980484.

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37

Lee, Yeon-Gwan, Jin-Hyuk Kim, and Chun-Gon Kim. "High Temperature Endurable Fiber Optic Accelerometer." Shock and Vibration 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/571017.

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This paper presents a low frequency fiber optic accelerometer for application in high temperature environments of civil engineering structures. The reflection-based extrinsic fiber optic accelerometer developed in this study consists of a transmissive grating panel, reflective mirror, and two optical fiber collimators as the transceiver whose function can be maintained up to 130°C. The dynamic characteristics of the sensor probe were investigated and the correlation between the natural frequency of the sensor probe and temperature variation was described and discussed. Furthermore, high temperature simulation equipment was designed for the verification test setup of the developed accelerometer for high temperature. This study was limited to consideration of 130°C applied temperature to the proposed fiber optic accelerometer due to an operational temperature limitation of commercial optical fiber collimator. The sinusoidal low frequency accelerations measured from the developed fiber optic accelerometer at 130°C demonstrated good agreement with that of an MEMS accelerometer measured at room temperature. The developed fiber optic accelerometer can be used in frequency ranges below 5.1 Hz up to 130°C with a margin of error that is less than 10% and a high sensitivity of 0.18 (m/s2)/rad.
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38

Jian, Aoqun, Chongguang Wei, Lifang Guo, Jie Hu, Jun Tang, Jun Liu, Xuming Zhang, and Shengbo Sang. "Theoretical Analysis of an Optical Accelerometer Based on Resonant Optical Tunneling Effect." Sensors 17, no. 2 (February 17, 2017): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17020389.

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39

Neubert, Holger, Uwe Partsch, Daniel Fleischer, Mathias Gruchow, Alfred Kamusella, and The-Quan Pham. "Thick Film Accelerometers in LTCC Technology—Design Optimization, Fabrication, and Characterization." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2008): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/1551-4897-5.4.150.

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Diaphragms and beams for force and pressure sensors, e.g., are state of the art in mechanical elements of MEMS in LTCC technology. These elements sustain small strains and small deformations under load. A number of sensor and actuator applications, however, require movable elements that allow higher deformations while the local strains are still low. Springs, accelerometers, actuators, positioners, and valves are examples of such applications. For an accelerometer we developed an approach fabricate leaf springs, integrated into the LTCC technology. The working principle of the accelerometer is based on a seismic mass disposed on two parallel leaf springs that carry piezoresistors connected such that they form a measuring bridge. In the first design optimization step, we used an FEA model for finding an optimized design meeting our sensitivity requirements, inclusiding resonance frequency. In the second step, we made a tolerance analysis that calculates the probability distributions of functional variables from the probability distributions of the design parameters. This enables the probability of a system failure to be deduced. In a final design step, a design of the ceramic thick film accelerometer was calculated that minimizes the system failure probability. As a result we obtained a design optimized with respect to a set of functional requirements and design tolerances. The results of the computations using the FEA models were compared to results of measurement data acquired from prototypes of the accelerometer.
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40

Costa Antunes, Paulo, João Miguel Dias, Humberto Varum, and Paulo André. "Dynamic structural health monitoring of a civil engineering structure with a POF accelerometer." Sensor Review 34, no. 1 (January 14, 2014): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-04-2013-656.

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Purpose – In this work, the paper aims to demonstrate the feasibility of plastic optical fiber (POF) based accelerometers for the structural health monitoring (SHM) of civil engineering structures based on measurements of their dynamic response, namely to estimate natural frequencies. These sensors use POFs, combining the advantages of the optical technology with the robustness of this particular kind of fiber. The POF sensor output is directly compared with the signal from an electrical sensor, demonstrating the potential use of such sensors in structural monitoring applications. Design/methodology/approach – Within this work, the paper demonstrates the feasibility of using a low-cost acceleration system based on a POF accelerometer on the dynamic monitoring of a civil engineering structure, aiming its natural frequency evaluation, which is a primary parameter to be used in SHM methods and numerical models calibration. Findings – A low-cost POF-based accelerometer was used in the characterization of a civil engineering structural component, located in a building at the University of Aveiro Campus, being used to estimate its natural frequency with a relative error of 0.36 percent, comparatively to the value estimated recurring to a calibrated electronic sensor. Originality/value – Optical fiber sensors take advantage of the fibers properties, such as immunity to electromagnetic interference and electrical isolation. They are very attractive for use in hostile environments, like submerse environments or flammable atmospheres where electrical currents might pose a hazard. The advantages of POF itself should also be considered, like resistance to hash environments, robustness, flexibility, low-cost interrogation units and high numeric aperture (lower cost components). The paper demonstrates the feasibility of using a low-cost acceleration system based on a POF accelerometer on the dynamic monitoring of a civil engineering structure, aiming its natural frequency evaluation.
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41

이승재. "Development of Micro-opto-mechanical Accelerometer using Optical fiber." Journal of the Korean Society of Mechanical Technology 13, no. 4 (December 2011): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17958/ksmt.13.4.201112.93.

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42

Yang, Jia, Shuhai Jia, and Yanfen Du. "Novel optical accelerometer based on Fresnel diffractive micro lens." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 151, no. 2 (April 2009): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2009.02.001.

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43

Bochobza-Degani, Ofir, and Yael Nemirovsky. "High-Resolution Micromachined Accelerometer with CMOS Integrated Optical Sensing." Sensor Letters 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2003): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2003.008.

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44

Wan, Fenghua, Guang Qian, Ruozhou Li, Jie Tang, and Tong Zhang. "High sensitivity optical waveguide accelerometer based on Fano resonance." Applied Optics 55, no. 24 (August 16, 2016): 6644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.55.006644.

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45

Chen, Liuhua, Qiao Lin, Shu Li, and X. Wu. "Optical accelerometer based on high-order diffraction beam interference." Applied Optics 49, no. 14 (May 4, 2010): 2658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.49.002658.

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46

Garg, N., and M. I. Schiefer. "Low frequency accelerometer calibration using an optical encoder sensor." Measurement 111 (December 2017): 226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2017.07.031.

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47

Malki, Abdelrafik, Pierre Lecoy, Jeanine Marty, Christine Renouf, and Pierre Ferdinand. "Optical fiber accelerometer based on a silicon micromachined cantilever." Applied Optics 34, no. 34 (December 1, 1995): 8014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.34.008014.

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48

Stefani, Alessio, Søren Andresen, Wu Yuan, Nicolai Herholdt-Rasmussen, and Ole Bang. "High Sensitivity Polymer Optical Fiber-Bragg-Grating-Based Accelerometer." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 24, no. 9 (May 2012): 763–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2012.2188024.

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49

Wang, Xiao Qian, Shu Bin Yan, Ke Zhen Ma, Peng Fei Xu, and Wen Dong Zhang. "A Novel Noise Resistance Optical Accelerometer Based on Micro-Ring Resonant Cavity." Key Engineering Materials 562-565 (July 2013): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.562-565.232.

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Abstract:
To meet a high-precision accelerometer resistance of temperature, humidity and other external noise, a new multi-ring cascade optical accelerometer structure is designed. The micro-ring resonator on the cantilever beam based on the photo-elastic effect and the contrast are fabricated with the same manufacturing process and size, which can effectively meet the consistency of the contrast and test micro-ring resonator on the cantilever. The one resonance point curve will split into two under the acceleration, thus the acceleration value can be obtained by detecting the wavelength of the two resonant points. By testing the cascade race-track shaped micro-ring resonator at different temperatures, the Q=104, the test requirement of cascade race-track shaped micro-ring accelerometer in different environments is greatly met. The design can be widely applied to the occasions of penetration system with high impact, strong vibration and so on. And the anti-noise and anti-jamming features of the integrated miniaturized high-sensitivity MOEMS sensors are realized.
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50

Konczewicz, L., H. Y. Lee, M. L. Sadowski, X. Letartre, J. L. Leclercq, P. Viktorovitch, and J. L. Robert. "GaAlAs-Based Micromachined Accelerometer." physica status solidi (b) 223, no. 2 (January 2001): 593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3951(200101)223:2<593::aid-pssb593>3.0.co;2-a.

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