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1
Hao, Miin-Jong. "Performance evaluation of practival FSK, CPFSK, and ASK detection schemes for coherent optical fiber communication systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15686.
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Almeida, Álvaro José Caseiro de. "Quantum communications in optical fibers." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16306.
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Doutoramento em Engenharia FísicaThis thesis begins by proposing the implementation of a probabilistic photon source based on the stimulated four-wave mixing (FWM) process. This source was implemented experimentally and characterized in terms of its statistical distribution. Next, the impact of the stimulated FWM process in a co-propagating quantum signal was studied experimentally. Finally, the violation of Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality was experimentally verified using polarization-entangled photon pairs, which were obtained from the spontaneous FWM process in a Sagnac loop. The experimental evolution of the quantum-bit error rate (QBER) in a system without control of polarization, using this degree of freedom to encode information, was studied. It was found out that the QBER increases with the length of the transmission fiber. It was also verified that the increase in the QBER was due to the random rotation of photon’s polarization. A model for the rigorous estimation of the QBER was derived and developed an automatic method to compensate the random rotations of polarization. The method was validated numerically and experimentally, in a transmission system with 40km, showing that it can compensate for the rotations that photons suffer during propagation in optical fibers. Finally, a quantum bit commitment (QBC) protocol between two untrusted entities was implemented. The encoding was performed using two nonorthogonal states of polarization (SOPs). As quantum channel between the two entities, it was first assumed that the transmitter and the receiver were side by side, and after that, they were separated by 8 km and finally, that they were 16km from each other. The implementation of the protocol was performed with a success rate in measurements exceeding 93%, well above the theoretical security limit of 85%. The best strategy for deceiving the commitment was also implemented, and its security experimentally confirmed with a confidence of 7 standard deviations.
Nesta tese começou-se por propor a realização de uma fonte de fotões probabilística baseada no processo estimulado de mistura de quatro ondas (FWM). Implementou-se essa fonte no laboratório e caracterizou-se experimentalmente a sua distribuição estatística. Depois, estudou-se experimentalmente o impacto do processo estimulado de FWM num sinal quântico que se propaga na mesma fibra ótica. Por fim, foi verificada experimentalmente a violação da desigualdade de ClauserHorne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) usando pares de fotões entrelaçados, que foram obtidos a partir do processo espontâneo de FWM num ciclo de Sagnac. Estudou-se a evolução da taxa de erro de bits quânticos (QBER) num sistema sem controlo de polarização, quando este grau de liberdade é usado para codificar a informação. Verificou-se que a QBER aumenta com o comprimento da fibra de transmissão. Verificou-se ainda que o aumento da QBER era devido às variações aleatórias da polarização dos fotões. Derivou-se um modelo para a estimativa rigorosa da QBER e desenvolveu-se um método automático de compensação das rotações aleatórias da polarização. O método foi validado numericamente e experimentalmente, num sistema de transmissão com 40km, verificando se que consegue compensar as rotações que os fotões sofrem durante a sua propagação em fibras óticas. Finalmente, implementou-se um protocolo de compromisso quântico entre duas entidades não confiávéis. Na codificação foram usados dois estados de polarização (SOPs) não ortogonais. Como canal quântico entre as duas entidades foi primeiro considerado que o emissor e o recetor se encontravam lado a lado, depois que estes estavam separados por 8km e finalmente que se encontravam a 16km um do outro. A implementação do protocolo foi feita com uma taxa de sucesso nas medidas superior a 93%, muito acima do limite teórico mínimo de 85%. Implementou-se ainda a melhor estratégia para que o compromisso pudesse ser falseado, tendo sido confirmada experimentalmente a sua segurança com uma confiança de 7 desvios padrão.
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Males, Mladen. "Suppression of transient gain excursions in an erbium-doped fibre amplifier /." Connect to this title, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0157.
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Hattori, Haroldo Takashi. "Low Nonlinearity Optical Fibers for Broadband and Long-Distance Communications." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29816.
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A class of low nonlinearity dispersion-shifted and dispersion-flattened fibers for
broadband and long haul applications is presented. The refractive index profiles of these
fibers assume a depressed-core multi-clad geometry in order to achieve effective-areas
much larger than those in conventional optical fibers.
A systematic approach for designing large effective-area dispersion-shifted fibers, using a
reference W-index profile to initiate the design, is presented. Transmission properties,
including effective-area, mode-field-diameter, dispersion, dispersion slope, cutoff
wavelength, and bending, microbending and splice losses are evaluated for several design
examples. To ascertain that the proposed fibers can be practically fabricated, the effects
of varying fiber dimensions and indices on effective-area, mode-field-diameter and
dispersion are assessed.
It is shown that there is a trade-off between effective-area and mode-field-diameter and,
generally, larger effective-areas are associated with larger mode-field-diameters. In other
words, less signal distortion due to fiber nonlinearity (larger effective-area) is associated
with higher power loss due to bending of fiber (larger mode-field-diameter). Thus, a large
effective-area and low bending loss are conflicting requirements. A parameter Q is
defined as a performance indicator, considering effective-area and mode-field-diameter.
Dispersion-shifted single-mode fiber designs with effective-areas of 78 mm
2 to 210 mm2 and the corresponding mode-field-diameter of 8.94 mm to 14.94 mm,
dispersion less than 0.07 ps/nm.km, and dispersion slope of about 0.05 ps/ nm2.km are
presented. Numerical simulations for propagation of pulses in few designed fibers are
performed.Designs of large effective-area dispersion-flattened fibers are also presented,
for the first time we believe. These fibers provide large effective-area and low dispersion
over an extended range of wavelengths. For our design, over the wavelength range of 1.48 mm <
l < 1.58 mm, the effective-area is 75 mm2 to 100 mm2, while the dispersion remains
below 0.7 ps/nm.km.Ph. D.
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Chen, Hui. "Inline rise-time measurement using amplitude histograms for fiber-optic communication systems /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ELEC%202003%20CHENH.
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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-66). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Males, Mladen. "Suppression of transient gain excursions in an erbium-doped fibre amplifier." University of Western Australia. School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0157.
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This thesis reports original work on suppression of transient gain excursions in an erbium-doped fibre amplifier (EDFA). The work presented in this thesis is a detailed investigation of four closed-loop systems that control the EDFA gain dynamically. The performance of the four closed-loop systems is evaluated by analytical work, supplemented by computer simulations and insystem measurements performed on a hardware EDFA. In addition, a stability analysis of the four closed-loop systems is presented. In the stability analysis presented in this thesis, nonlinear nature of the four closed-loop systems is taken into consideration. In the stability analysis, in addition to proving that the four closed-loop systems considered are stable, it is proven that for any practical values of the EDFA gain at the initial time of observation, the EDFA gain is restored to the desired value in steady state. These outcomes of the stability analysis are supported by simulation results and experimental results. Errors in system modelling, change in the operating point of the nonlinear closed-loop system, and measurement noise are important aspects of practical implementations of systems that control the EDFA gain dynamically. A detailed analysis of the effects these practical aspects have on the performance of the four closed-loop systems considered is presented. The analysis is validated using computer simulations and experimental measurements. In most of the work reported in the literature on controlling the EDFA gain, controllers that include feedforward and/or feedback components are employed. In the traditional approaches to combining the feedforward and the feedback components, large transient excursions of the EDFA gain can still occur due to errors in the control provided by the feedforward component. In this thesis, a novel approach to combining the feedforward and the feedback components of the controller is presented. Based on the analytical work, the computer simulations and the experimental work presented in this thesis, the novel approach provides a significant reduction in the excursions of the EDFA gain in the transient period.
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McCoy, Kenneth A. "A recirculating optical loop for short-term data storage." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14871.
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Thompson, John Russell. "Multiple four-wave mixing processes in single-mode optical fiber." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30955.
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Polley, Arup. "High performance multimode fiber systems a comprehensive approach /." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31699.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Ralph, Stephen; Committee Member: Barry, John; Committee Member: Chang, G. K.; Committee Member: Cressler, John D.; Committee Member: Trebino. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Boiyo, Duncan Kiboi, and Romeo Gamatham. "Optimization of flexible spectrum in optical transport networks." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14609.
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The ever-increasing demand for broadband services by end-user devices utilising 3G/4G/LTE and the projected 5G in the last mile will require sustaining broadband supply from fibre-linked terminals. The eventual outcome of the high demand for broadband is strained optical and electronic devices. The backbone optical fibre transport systems and techniques such as dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM), higher modulation formats, coherent detection and signal amplification have increased both fibre capacity and spectrum efficiency. A major challenge to fibre capacity and spectrum efficiency is fibre-faults and optical impairments, network management, routing and wavelength assignment (RWA). In this study, DWDM and flexible spectrum techniques such as wavelength assignment and adjustment, wavelength conversion and switching, optical add and drop multiplexing (OADM) and bitrate variable transmission have been experimentally optimized in a laboratory testbed for short- and long-haul optical fibre networks. This work starts by experimentally optimising different transmitters, fibre-types and receivers suitable for implementing cost effective and energy efficient flexible spectrum networks. Vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and distributed feedback (DFB) lasers have been studied to provide up to 10 Gb/s per channel in 1310 nm and 1550 nm transmission windows. VCSELs provide wavelength assignment and adjustment. This work utilises the non-return-to-zero (NRZ) on-off keying (OOK) modulation technique and direct detection due to their cost and simplicity. By using positive intrinsic negative (PIN) photo-receivers with error-free BER sensitivity of -18±1 dBm at the acceptable 10-9-bit error rate (BER) threshold level, unamplified transmission distances between 6 km and 76 km have been demonstrated using G.652 and G.655 single mode fibres (SMFs). For the first time, an all optical VCSEL to VCSEL wavelength conversion, switching, transmission at the 1550 nm window and BER evaluation of a NRZ data signal is experimentally demonstrated. With VCSEL wavelength conversion and switching, wavelength adjustments to a spectrum width of 4.8 nm (600 GHz) can be achieved to provide alternative routes to signals when fibre-cuts and wavelength collision occurs therefore enhancing signal continuity. This work also demonstrates a technique of removing and adding a wavelength in a bundle of DWDM and flexible channels using an OADM. This has been implemented using a VCSEL and a fibre Bragg grating (FBG) providing a wavelength isolation ratio of 31.4 dB and ~0.3 𝑑𝐵 add/drop penalty of 8.5 Gb/s signal. As a result, an OADM improves spectrum efficiency by offering wavelength re-use. Optical impairments such as crosstalk, chromatic dispersion (CD) and effects of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) have been experimentally investigated and mitigated. This work showed that crosstalk penalty increased with fibre-length, bitrate, interfering signal power and reduced channel spacing and as a result, a crosstalk-penalty trade-off is required. Effects of CD on a transmitted 10 Gb/s signal were also investigated and its mitigation techniques used to increase the fibre-reach. This work uses the negative dispersion fibres to mitigate the accumulated dispersion over the distance of transmission. A 5 dB sensitivity improvement is reported for an unamplified 76 km using DFB transmitters and combination of NZDSF true-wave reduced slope (TW-RS) and submarine reduced slope (TW-SRS) with + and – dispersion coefficients respectively. We have also demonstrated up to 52 km 10 Gb/s per channel VCSEL-based transmission and reduced net dispersion. Experimental demonstration of forward Raman amplification has achieved a 4.7 dB on-off gain distributed over a 4.8 nm spectral width and a 1.7 dB improvement of receiver sensitivity in Raman-aided 10 Gb/s per wavelength VCSEL transmission. Finally, 4.25-10 Gb/s PON-based point to point (P2P) and point to multipoint (P2MP) broadcast transmission have been experimentally demonstrated. A 10 Gb/s with a 1:8 passive splitter incurred a 3.7 dB penalty for a 24.7 km fibre-link. In summary, this work has demonstrated cost effective and energy efficient potential flexible spectrum techniques for high speed signal transmission. With the optimized network parameters, flexible spectrum is therefore relevant in short-reach, metro-access and long-haul applications for national broadband networks and the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) fibre-based signal and data transmission.
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Kuo, Chai-Pei. "Characterization of photoinduced gratings in optical glass fibers." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184515.
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The properties of photo-induced gratings in germania doped glass fibers were studied. Permanent phase gratings in a fiber core were fabricated by the mixing of two contra propagating waves. Experiments are described and results are presented which show that the strength of a photoinduced grating is strongly dependent on the writing power as well as the laser writing wavelength. A rigorous development of linear coupled mode theory for the contra propagation geometry is given and used to model the experimentally observed grating responses as a function of fine tuning frequency of probing light. Measurements have been done of the amplitude and phase response of the grating structure and compared with theoretical models of uniform and chirped gratings. The theoretically predicted negative group velocity dispersion in fiber grating was observed interferometrically and described in detail. The nonlinear coupled mode theory has been fully implemented in a computer program and some numerical results are given in the second part of this thesis. The dynamics of a pulse propagating in the fiber grating is simulated and the results show its dependence on pulse energy, frequency detuning, and the type of grating geometry. A limitation is found in the dispersion property of a constant amplitude fiber grating so that the pulse compression ratio and the width of a compressible pulse is strictly limited to ≅250 picoseconds.
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Kim, Jeong I. "Analysis and Applications of Microstructure and Holey Optical Fibers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29089.
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Microstructure and photonic crystal fibers with periodic as well as random refractive-index distributions are investigated. Two cases corresponding to fibers with one-dimensional (1D) radial index distributions and two-dimensional (2D) transverse index distributions are considered. For 1D geometries with an arbitrary number of cladding layers, exact analytical solutions of guided modes are obtained using a matrix approach. In this part, for random index distributions, the average transmission properties are calculated and the influence of glass/air ratio on these properties is assessed. Important transmission properties of the fundamental mode, including normalized propagation constant, chromatic dispersion, field distributions, and effective area, are evaluated. For 2D geometries, the numerical techniques, FDTD (Finite-Difference Time-Domain) method and FDM (Finite Difference Method), are utilized. First, structures with periodic index distributions are examined. The investigation is then extended to microstructure optical fibers with random index distributions.
Design of 2D microstructure fibers with random air-hole distributions is undertaken with the aim of achieving single-mode guiding property and small effective area. The former is a unique feature of the holey fiber with periodic air-hole arrangement and the latter is a suitable property for nonlinear fiber devices. Measurements of holey fibers with random air-hole distributions constitute an important experimental task of this research. Using a section of a holey fiber fabricated in the draw tower facility at Virginia Tech, measurements of transmission spectra and fiber attenuation are performed. Also, test results for far-field pattern measurements are presented.
Another objective of this dissertation is to explore new applications for holey fibers with random or periodic hole distributions. In the course of measuring the holey fibers, it was noticed that robust temperature-insensitive pressure sensors can be made with these fibers. This offers an opportunity for new low-cost and reliable pressure fiber-optic sensors. Incorporating gratings into holey fibers in conjunction with the possibility of dynamic tuning offers desirable characteristics with potential applications in communications and sensing. Injecting gases or liquids in holey fibers with gratings changes their transmission characteristics. These changes may be exploited in designing tunable optical filters for communication applications or making gas/liquid sensor devices.Ph. D.
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Smith, Craig Scott. "Implementing pipelined circuit switching on the PICA aligned offset cube topology." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13362.
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Osborne, Robert. "A theoretical study of the propagation characteristics of some optical waveguides by the beam propagation method /." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65992.
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Hwang, Chan Joo 1963. "Transmission of quartz capillary optical fibers as a function of diameter and refractive index fluid." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276943.
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Recent experiments with optical fibers have reached a remarkable development for optical communication spectroscopy as well as a medical technology. Hollow optical fibers are required for optical communications. The measurement of the transmission of light through fibers can provide information about the fiber quality and about the far-field energy which radiates from the fiber end. We used five flexible hollow fused quartz fibers to study laser beam propagation down the fiber axis. Five different refractive index fluids were prepared and inserted into the fiber core to measure the transmitted intensity as a function of core property. The plots of the normalized, relative transmitted intensity measured as a function of the beam insertion point show the dependence of the transmitted intensity as a function of fiber diameter and refractive index fluid.
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Haris, Muhammad. "Advanced modulation formats for high-bit-rate optical networks." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24811.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.Committee Chair: Chang, Gee-Kung; Committee Co-Chair: Yu, Jianjun; Committee Member: Altunbasak, Yucel; Committee Member: Ji, Chunayi; Committee Member: Ralph, Stephen; Committee Member: Xu, Jun.
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Flatten, Amy K. "Interaction of ultrasound with a polarization preserving optic fiber." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30723.
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Ireeta, Winston Tumps. "Aerial optical fibres in telecommunication systems : SOP and PMD monitoring, and tolerance of modulation formats." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1478.
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The topic of this thesis is aerial optical fibres in telecommunication systems: state of polarization (SOP) and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) monitoring and tolerance of modulation formats. Errors in optical fibre telecommunication systems are introduced when these polarization effects (SOP and PMD) change. These changes are so intense especially in aerial optical fibres. Part of the backbone of South Africa’s national grid includes long distances of aerial optical fibre between transmission exchange stations. The work in this thesis can be divided into three parts which all deal with the major aspects of PMD in deployed aerial optical fibres: characterization, environmental effects plus other perturbations, and tolerance of different modulation formats. In our work, SOP and PMD field measurements revealed that they both fluctuate more rapidly in deployed aerial optical fibres especially on windy and hot days. The SOP and PMD changes in the aerial optical fibres showed a significant correlation with these environmental parameters. SOP and PMD are stochastic in nature due to changes in the properties of the optical fibres and its positions because of both intrinsic and extrinsic perturbations. In our work, with only 184 PMD values measured and obtained by use of the FTB-5700 single-ended dispersion analyzer, the predicted theoretical Gaussian fit was obtained with a mean of 0.47 ps and standard deviation of 0.08 ps. This small standard deviation was justification for its robustness and accuracy. The statistical distributions for first-order polarization mode dispersion (FO-PMD) and second-order polarization mode dispersion (SO-PMD) for the first time were experimentally confirmed when measured using the FTB-5700 single-ended dispersion analyzer instrument for deployed aerial optical fibres. We were also able to determine the time scale over which to compensate FO-PMD in deployed aerial fibres using the directional time drift autocorrelation function method. It is slightly higher than 390 s for SOP measurements made on a particular windy and hot day. This is due to the fact that the changes of the PMD vector are known to be slower than the SOP changes. vi We also investigated the theoretical statistical distribution that corresponds to output SOP variations. The SOP variations can either be with wavelength (for buried fibre) or with time (for aerial fibre). Our results showed that the statistics of the relative SOP changes approached the distribution proposed by Foschini et al. (2000). Advanced optical modulation formats have become a key ingredient in the design of modern state-of-the-art wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) optical transmission systems. In our work, we investigated which of these advanced modulation formats is best suited for the South African network especially on systems that have links of aerial optical fibres. Keywords: aerial optical fibre, polarization mode dispersion (PMD), principal states of polarization (PSP), state of polarization (SOP), first-order PMD, second-order PMD.
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Mysore, Sudhesh M. "Advances in optical power budgets and bandwidth capacity of broadband networks /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9953885.
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Abobaker, Abdosllam M. "Analytical design of dispersion-managed optical fibre transmission systems." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=24668.
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Liang, Yu, and 梁羽. "Versatile photonic processor based on fiber optical parametric amplifiers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43085362.
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Liang, Yu. "Versatile photonic processor based on fiber optical parametric amplifiers." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43085362.
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Jackson, James Trent. "Reduction of EDFA optical power transients using power shaping." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/jackson/JacksonJ0808.pdf.
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Many erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) based multi-wavelength optical networks employ techniques such as burst-switching or packet switching where the time interval between traffic blocks can be long enough to induce EDFA optical power transients. The optical power transients are created by abrupt changes in the average input power to the EDFAs and can adversely affect the performance of the network. To mitigate the effects of EDFA optical power transients on optical networks, a method called power shaping where heads and tails are joined to the beginning and end of a traffic block is investigated. A head (tail) gradually increases (decreases) the channel power by employing a bit sequence in which the probability of a \"1\" (\"0\") increases from 0 to 0.5. Theoretical and experimental results both show that EDFA optical power transients can be significantly reduced with adequate shaping periods. Experiments also show the bit error rate of the system is reduced for increased shaping periods. Power shaping is an economical means of suppressing EDFA optical power transients compared to other physical layer approaches that require the addition of specialized components and can be applied to EDFAs as well as other solid-state and Raman optical amplifiers.
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Tariq, Sana. "Inside all-optical networks /." Online version of thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10960.
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Wang, Xie, and 王勰. "Multiwavelength optical sources based on fiber optical parametric process." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206438.
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With ever-increasing networking bandwidth demand imposed by data explosion in recent years, optical source generation plays a more and more important role in fiber optical communications. Today wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) which refers to encoding independent information onto different wavelengths becomes a widely used technique to increase the transmission bandwidth. However, current WDM system usually requires one single laser source for each distinct wavelength channel which is relatively expensive and cumbersome. Moreover, current WDM system is usually confined to conventional band (C-band) due to the lack of proper gain medium outside C-band. Thus simultaneously generating multiple wavelengths beyond C-band is highly desirable and attractive.
Fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA) which is based on χ^((3)) nonlinear effect of optical fiber exhibits remarkable properties such as high gain, wide gain bandwidth, and ultra-fast response and could act as a promising candidate for amplifying optical signal beyond C-band.
In this thesis I propose and demonstrate several multiwavelength optical sources by taking advantaging of the parametric process. I first experimentally demonstrate the dual-cavity mode-locked FOPO by utilizing two intracavity branches which share the same highly-nonlinear dispersion-shifted fiber (HNL-DSF) as gain medium. Simultaneous generation of 10-GHz pulse train at four different wavelengths located in short wavelength band (S-band) and long wavelength band (L-band) can be achieved. I then introduce the first dispersion distributed FOPO at 10-GHz. With this more advanced cavity configuration, narrower wavelength spacing and wider tuning range in the S- and L-band can be obtained more efficiently in a single cavity.
In addition to multiwavelegnth 10-GHz FOPO, multiwavelength FOPO at higher repetition rate beyond C-band is also of great interest in fiber optical communication. I then achieve the first widely tunable 40-GHz dual-wavelength pulsed FOPO. Good quality pulses in both S-and L-band with relatively short duration and low timing jitter can be generated simultaneously.
Apart from the parametric process in uniform fiber, I also explore the parametric process in dispersion oscillating fiber (DOF) whose dispersion is periodically modulated along the propagation direction. Based on quasi-phase matched parametric process in DOF, we generate two pairs (quad-wavelength) of modulation instability (MI) side lobes simultaneously. We then numerically and experimentally investigate the spectral correlation between multiple MI by leveraging the dispersive Fourier transformation method.
My research efforts presented in this thesis will show the versatility of parametric process for generating multiwavelength optical waves. These schemes have the potential to become efficient optical sources for optical communication beyond C-band.published_or_final_version
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Angeh, Wolfgang Ondua. "Design and performance analysis of a survivable metropolitan area fiber optic communication network." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02022010-020030/.
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KOSA, NADHIR BAHJAT. "NEW INTERFEROMETRIC METHOD FOR MEASURING CHROMATIC DISPERSION IN SINGLE MODE FIBERS (FOURIER TRANSFORM)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184171.
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A new interferometric method which indirectly measures the total chromatic dispersion of a single mode fiber is demonstrated. The technique utilizes a short length of fiber, an unmodulated broadband source, simple low frequency electronics, and a standard interferometer. The concept of this measurement is based on the behavior of the uncorrelated individual bursts of light from the elemental emitters that constitute a thermal source. Their propagation through a dispersive media, e.g., silica fiber, which is placed in one arm of the interferometer, is delayed and broadened. They will interfere with their counterpart from the other arm, generating a train of time-varying fringes as one mirror of the interferometer is uniformly translated. The local frequency of the fringes at a given position of the moving mirror is a direct measure of the instantaneous wavelength, while the mirror position itself demarks the corresponding relative delay. A colinearly launched HeNe laser beam is used as a reference to calibrate the other source's fringe width and location of the mirror. In this experiment, an edge-emitting LED of λo = 830 nm and Δλ = 60 nm was used. The tested fibers had a length of 27.9 cm and 38.3 cm, which made the width of the crosscorrelation function approximately 100 times greater than the source's coherence length. The speed of the mechanically driven mirror set the frequency of the HeNe fringes to approximately 800 Hz with an r.m.s. fluctuation around the mean of 0.2%. The SNR of the HeNe fringes was four times larger than the LED's. Ten different runs for each fiber were executed. Data from the two sets of simultaneous measurements of delay versus wavelength were used to fit the best linear and quadratic polynomials with a minimum residual mean error square. The derivative of this function with respect to wavelength gave the dispersion relation. The accuracy of measured delay and wavelength were 0.1 ps and 6 nm, respectively. The dispersion value and its standard error for the best linear fit was approximately 117 ∓ 2 ps/km nm. The standard error for the quadratic fit was much larger due to the high noise level accompanying signal. A thorough investigation of the noise sources, accuracies, standard error of the polynomial's coefficient, and SNR analysis is conducted. This measurement is simple and has the potential of achieving substantially higher accuracy--especially for the longer wavelength region where dispersion is minute.
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Brancalion, José Fernando Basso. "Avaliação das limitações de desempenho em multiplexadores \"ADD/DROP\" para redes fotônicas WDM." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18133/tde-02062017-092115/.
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O principal objetivo deste trabalho é a avaliação das limitações de desempenho de multiplexadores \"add/drop\", a serem empregados em sistemas de comunicações ópticas multiplexados em comprimentos de onda (Wavelength Division Multiplexing -WDM) de alta velocidade, que operam em torno de 1.55 μm. Com a introdução da transmissão de dados utilizando-se a técnica WDM há a necessidade do desenvolvimento de novos componentes ópticos, como multiplexadores e demultiplexadores \"add/drop\" e \"cross-connects\" ópticos. O desenvolvimento destes componentes possibilitará a evolução dos simples enlaces WDM ponto a ponto para a rede totalmente óptica. Neste cenário os multiplexadores ópticos add/drop (Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer - OADM) desempenharão um papel chave, permitindo maior conectividade e flexibilidade nas redes WDM. Neste trabalho é especificamente analisado o OADM mencionado acima. É realizado o estuido individual dos componentes que constituem uma configuração genérica deste dispositivo. São analisados a chave óptica e o divisor/combinador de potência, sendo discutido o procedimento de projeto para a otimização do seu desempenho.The main goal of this work is the evaluation of the limitations regarding the performance in add/drop multiplexers, which will be used in optical systems employing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), working in high speed and operating around 1.55 μm. With the introduction of WDM technique in order to transmit optical signals, there is a need to develop new optical devices, such as optical add/drop multiplexers (OADM) and demultiplexers. The development of these devices will allow the evolution of lightwave systems from single-wavelength point-to-point links to the wavelength division multiplexed optical networks. In this context, optical add/drop multiplexers will play a main role, making possible the connectivity and flexibility increase of WDM networks. In this work the OADM cited above is specifically studied. An individual study of the devices that constitute a generic configuration of the OADM is carried out. The optical switch and the power divider/combiner are analyzed, as well as the design techniques to improve their performances.
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Ulmer, Todd G. "Resonant-cavity-enhanced surface-emitted second-harmonic generation for optical time-division demultiplexing." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13323.
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West, Lamar. "Analysis and simulation of reverse path laser clipping in subcarrier multiplexed hybrid fiber coax networks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13301.
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Dods, Sarah D. "Homodyne crosstalk in wavelength-division multiplexed ring and cus networks /." Connect to thesis, 2000. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000597.
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Zhou, Chuang. "Multimode wavelength division multiplexing and demultiplexing using substrate-guided waves and volume holographic gratings /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Montes, Thisien Gabriel 1988. "Caracterização experimental de fibras de vidro telurito dopado com érbio e itérbio : Experimental characterization of tellurite glass fibers doped with erbium and ytterbium." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261920.
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Orientador: Aldário Chrestani BordonalliDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Com a demanda por comunicação continuamente aumentando nos últimos anos, mantém-se constante a busca por aperfeiçoamento dos amplificadores ópticos a fibra. Como uma proposta de proporcionar maior largura de banda de amplificação para sistemas ópticos, este trabalho procura caracterizar o comportamento operacional de uma fibra de vidro telurito dopado com érbio e itérbio para diferentes condições iniciais de comprimento de amostra, aplicação de sinais e configuração de bombeio. As amostras, fabricadas pelo Grupo de Fibras Ópticas do IFGW/UNICAMP, foram submetidas a análises experimentais baseadas nas principais topologias de amplificadores a fibra que usam matrizes de sílica. Assim, avalia-se a potencialidade das características de amplificação do vidro telurito fabricado com dosagem de compostos inéditos, além de uma investigação da possibilidade da geração laser utilizando-se essa fibra como meio ativo em configurações com laço de realimentação. Mesmo que o ganho real do sistema não tenha sido determinado pela incerteza em relação a real potência óptica acoplada às amostras, observou-se ser possível a compensação da atenuação que o sinal que se propaga pelas amostras sofre após a aplicação de bombeio. Nesse aspecto, o vidro telurito dopado com érbio e itérbio apresentou potencial de aplicação em amplificação óptica. Uma amostra de 2 cm, comprimento muito menor que o usado em amplificadores ópticos baseados em matrizes de sílica e uma ordem de grandeza menor que os baseados em vidro telurito dopado apenas com érbio, apresentou resultados de ganho óptico on-off da ordem de 30 dB com bombeio bi-direcional de 100 mW. Em relação ao vidro telurito dopado apenas com érbio, os resultados para o ganho on-off chegaram a ser até 15 dB maiores. Além disso, as transições providas pela interação entre a matriz vítrea com o érbio e o itérbio levaram a larguras de banda de 3 dB para o espectro de ASE de até 70 nm, dependendo da configuração de bombeio
Abstract: With the recently increase in data transmission demands, the search for improved fiber amplifier physical processes, materials, and configurations is still on going. As a way to provide a wider amplification bandwidth for optical systems, this work intends to characterize the operational behavior of an erbium and ytterbium doped tellurite fiber for different sample lengths, light coupling and pump configurations. The fiber samples, manufactured by the Optical Fiber Group of the IFGW/UNICAMP, underwent experimental analyses based on the same main pump topologies as those of silica-based optical amplifiers. Thus, the potential amplification characteristics of tellurite glass doped with new compounds are evaluated, as well as an investigation of possible laser generation by using this type of fiber as gain medium within feedback loop configurations. Although real system gain was impossible to determine due to uncertainties in the actual coupled optical power, it was observed that the attenuation during signal propagation through the fiber samples could be compensated after pump application. In this context, the erbium and ytterbium doped tellurite fiber has potential for optical amplification. Samples as short as 2 cm, far shorter than the ones used in silica based amplifiers and one order of magnitude shorter than those based on Er3+ doped tellurite fiber structures, presented on-off optical gain of the order of 30 dB for bi-directional 100-mW pump. By comparing with the latter doped glass structure, the on-off gain results were as high as 15 dB greater. Furthermore, the transitions provided by the interaction between the host glass and both erbium and ytterbium have led to a 70-nm ASE bandwidth, depending on the pumping configuration
Mestrado
Telecomunicações e Telemática
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Lin, Rui. "High-capacity short-reach optical communications." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-196580.
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The global traffic is experiencing an exponential growth posing severe challenges to the communication networks in terms of capacity. As a future-proof technology fiber communication is widely implemented in different network segments, which can be categorized by transmission distance as long-haul and short-reach. This thesis focuses on the short-reach communication networks including fiber access network connecting the end users to the metro/core networks that covering tens of kilometers and optical datacenter network handling the traffic within the datacenter with distance up to a few kilometers. For fiber access networks, wavelength division multiplexing passive optical networks (WDM-PONs) assign a dedicated wavelength channel to each user guaranteeing high data rate. Dense channels enlarges the user count but makes the signals vulnerable to the wavelength drift. In this regard we propose two schemes based on optical frequency comb technique to generate stable carriers for WDM-PONs. Meanwhile, radio-over-fiber techniques allows the transmission of radio signals between central offices and the cells. Millimeter wave (MMW) over fiber, on the other hand, offer high bandwidth for future high capacity mobile access. We propose and experimentally demonstrate a palm-shaped spectrum generation where the high-power central carrier can be used for upstream transmission while multiple MMW bands are capable of transmitting different downstream data simultaneously. Regarding optical datacenter networks, passive optical interconnects (POIs) have been proposed as an energy-efficient solution since only passive optical components are used for server interconnection. However, the high insertion loss may result in a scalability problem. We develop a methodology that considers various physical-layer aspects, e.g., receiver types, modulation formats, to quantify the scalability of POIs. Both theoretical analyses and experimental measurements have been performed to assess the scalability of various coupler-based POIs.Den globala datatrafiken växer exponentiellt, både på grund av nya bandbreddskrävande applikationer och ökningen av antalet användare. Detta innebär en utmaning för kommunikationsnätens kapacitet. Fiberoptisk kommunikation är en framtidssäker teknik för att möta detta kapacitetsbehov och används redan i stor utsträckning i olika delar av näten. Beroende på överföringsavstånd, kan fibernät kategoriseras som långdistansnät eller nät med kort räckvidd. Denna avhandling behandlar nät med kort räckvidd, innefattande dels 1) accessnät som förbinder slutanvändarna till stadsnätet/ huvudnätet och typiskt omfattar tiotals kilometer, dels 2) optiska datanätverk som hanterar den interna trafiken inom datacenter med överföringsavstånd upp till ett par kilometer.För fiberaccessnät är en av de lovande teknikerna våglängdsmultiplexade passiva optiska nät (WDM-PON), där en dedicerad våglängdskanal tilldelas varje användare vilket garanterar hög datahastighet. Genom ett litet kanalavstånd så kan antalet användare i WDM-PON utökas men det gör samtidigt systemet känsligt för våglängdsdrift hos lasrarna. För att råda bot på detta, föreslår vi två system baserade på optisk frekvenskams-teknik. Vi validerar experimentellt att de kan generera stabila optiska bärvågor för WDM-PON. Radio-över –fiber-tekniken gör samtidigt det möjligt att sända radiosignaler över en lång sträcka och används därför i mobilsystem för överföring mellan centralstationen och radiocellerna. Millimetervågor (MMW) över fiber erbjuder ännu större modulationsbandbredd och är lovande för framtidens mobilradiosystem med hög kapacitet. I denna avhandling föreslår vi, och demonstrerar experimentellt, generation av ett frekvenskams-spektrum som är format som en handflata, där en central bärare med hög effekt (långfingret på handflatan) kan användas i radiocellerna för uppströms överföring, medan multipla MMW band (övriga fingrar) samtidigt kan överföra olika data nedströms. När det gäller nätverk för optiska datacenter, har passiva optiska interconnects (POI) föreslagits som en energieffektiv lösning, där endast passiva optiska komponenter används för ihopkoppling av servrarna. Höga inkopplingsförluster hos passiva optiska komponenter kan emellertid leda till allvarliga skalbarhetsproblem. I denna avhandling presenterar vi en nyutvecklad metod för att kvantifiera skalbarheten, vilken tar hänsyn till olika faktorer i det fysiska lagret som t.ex. mottagartyp och modulationsformat. Både teoretiska analyser och experimentella mätningar har utförts för att utvärdera skalbarheten hos olika kopplarbaserade POI.
QC 20161117
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Han, SangWoo. "Development of MMIC-based modules for RF/Optical subcarrier multiplexed communications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14862.
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Modestou, Panayiotis Charalambous 1967. "Multilevel subcarrier multiplexing in optical fiber communications." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278280.
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The primary aim of the thesis is to determine the spectrum efficiency and power penalty of multi-level Subcarrier Multiplexing (SCM) transmission. To perform quantitative analysis, this thesis first develops a fiber transmission model. When there is one SCM transmission channel, it is found that the power penalty due to multi-level is 5 dB per bit at the same bit error rate (BER). For multiple channel SCM transmission, to reduce adjacent channel interference (ACI), it is found that binary transmission has the best spectrum efficiency for Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ) pulses at the same BER. However, if raised-cosine pulses are used, 32-ary transmission is found to be the most efficient in spectrum use because of the smaller ACI.
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SANTOS, ALEXANDRE BESSA DOS. "POLARIZATION EFFECTS IN OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=7013@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOOs efeitos que causam limitações nas comunicações ópticas referentes a polarização se resumem essencialmente na Dispersão dos Modos de Polarização (PMD), nas Perdas Dependentes da Polarização (PDL), e no Ganho Dependente da Polarização (PDG). Estes efeitos podem aparecer na transmissão de forma isolada ou combinada, gerando distorções no sinal. Primeiramente estes efeitos foram estudados individualmente, cada efeito sendo analisado e quantificado sob diversos aspectos. Através de uma analise teórica e experimental foi proposto uma nova técnica de medida de penalidade de potência envolvendo os efeitos estudados. Depois de um estudo detalhado sobre os efeitos isolados, analisou-se os efeitos combinados de PMD e PDL. Diversos emuladores de PMD, elementos com PDL variável e emuladores de PMD e PDL fizeram parte de um longo estudo sobre estes efeitos combinados. Procurou-se ressaltar a importância e os cuidados necessários que se deve tomar para a construção de um emulador de PMD. Na última etapa, foram estudados os efeitos de PMD e PDG oriundos de um sistema utilizando amplificação Raman. Desta forma foi possível evidenciar, caracterizar e relacionar os efeitos da polarização nas fibras ópticas.
The polarization effects that cause limitations in optical communications are essentially the Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD), the Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL), and the Polarization Dependent Gain (PDG). These effects can appear either isolated or in combinations, generating signal distortion. These effects were first investigated individually under different experimental situations and then combined effects were studied. A new technique for measuring the power penalties corresponding to these effects was proposed. The combined effects of PMD and PDL in PMD emulators were evaluated and quantified. Thumb rules for the manufacture of PDL-free emulators were proposed. The effects of PMD and PDG originated from Raman amplification were also studied and compared with theoretical predictions.
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XAVIER, GUILHERME BARRETO. "PRACTICAL ASSETS FOR FIBER OPTICAL QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=14226@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
As comunicações quânticas estão rapidamente integrando-se às redes de fibras ópticas, entretanto muitos desafios de engenharia ainda existem para essa aglutinação. Esta tese discute algumas soluções práticas para a melhoria de aplicações reais em comunicações quânticas em fibras ópticas. No primeiro experimento uma fonte de pares de fótons emaranhados não-degenerados, de banda-estreita, empregando conversão espontânea paramétrica descendente (CEPD) é utilizada para demonstrar a viabilidade da distribuição quântica de chaves (DQC) através de 27 km de fibras ópticas, com o canal de sincronismo presente na mesma fibra com uma separação de 0.8 nm em comprimento de onda. A outra demonstração utilizou uma fonte heráldica de fótons únicos também baseada em CEPD para a realização de DQC através de 25 km de fibras ópticas com a utilização do protocolo de decoy states pela primeira vez. Houve também um estudo dos impactos gerados por ruído Raman espontâneo causado por um canal óptico clássico presente na mesma fibra que o canal quântico. Um protocolo para gerar números verdadeiramente aleatórios em um sistema de DQC independente da taxa de transmissão do sistema é proposto, e um experimento prova-de-princípio demonstra a idéia. Finalmente um sistema de controle automático de polarização é utilizado para a realização de uma sessão de DQC através de 16 km de fibras ópticas utilizando codificação em polarização, mesmo sob a presença de um embaralhador rápido do estado de polarização.
Quantum communications is quickly becoming integrated within fiber optical networks and still many engineering challenges remain towards this interweaving. This thesis deals with some practical solutions toward improving real-world applications in quantum communications within optical fibers. In the first experiment, a non-degenerate narrowband entangled pair single-photon source based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) is used to show the feasibility of performing quantum key distribution (QKD) through 27 km of optical fiber, with the synchronization channel wavelength multiplexed in the same fiber with a channel spacing of just 0.8 nm. A second experiment uses a heralded single-photon source also based on SPDC to perform QKD over 25 km of optical fiber with the decoy state modification for the first time. Then there is a study of the problems caused by spontaneous Raman induced noise due to the presence of a classical signal in the same fiber as the quantum channel. A protocol to generate truly random numbers in a QKD setup independent of the system s transmission rate is proposed, and a proof-of-principle experiment demonstrates the idea. Finally an automatic polarization control system is used to perform a QKD session over 16 km of optical fiber using polarization encoding, even in the presence of a fast polarization scrambler.
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Ladaci, Ayoub. "Rare earth doped optical fibers and amplifiers for space applications." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSES027/document.
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Les fibres dopées aux terres rares (REDFs) représentent un composant clef dans la fabrication de sources laser et d’amplificateurs optiques (REDFAs). Leurs hautes performances rendent cette technologie particulièrement attractive pour les applications spatiales en tant que partie active des gyroscopes à fibres optiques, pour le transfert de données et les applications LIDARS. Cependant, la grande sensibilité de ces fibres actives limite l’intégration des REDFAs au sein des missions spatiales. De nombreuses études ont été menées pour dépasser ces limitations et différentes techniques de mitigation ont été identifiées telles que le co-dopage au Cérium ou le chargement en hydrogène de ces fibres optiques. Toutes ces solutions interviennent au niveau du composant sensible et sont classées parmi les stratégies de durcissement par composant permettant la fabrication de fibres dopées aux terres rares résistantes aux radiations adaptées aux besoins des missions spatiales actuelles associées à de faibles doses d’irradiation. Cependant, l’avènement de nouveaux programmes, de nouvelles missions invitent à considérer des doses d’irradiation plus importantes, nécessitant des REDFs et des RDFAs encore plus tolérants aux radiations. A cette fin, une optimisation de l’amplificateur optique au niveau système est étudiée dans le cadre de ce doctorat en exploitant une approche couplant simulation et expériences dont les avancées pourront venir en appui des techniques de durcissement plus conventionnelles. Après la présentation du contexte, des objectifs de ce travail (Chapitre I), les mécanismes fondamentaux de l’amplification et des effets des radiations sont brièvement décrits dans le Chapitre II. Les outils de simulation basés sur l’enrichissement d’un code à l’état de l’art et ses nouvelles fonctionnalités, décrites au Chapitre III, permettent non seulement l’évaluation des performances optiques du REDFA mais aussi de prédire leurs évolutions sous irradiation. De nombreuses études expérimentales ont été réalisées sur différents REDFAs développés durant la thèse et présentés dans le chapitre IV, leurs résultats comparés à ceux issus de la simulation afin de valider nos outils de simulation. Une fois validé, le code a été utilisé pour montrer comment l’optimisation de l’architecture du REDFA permet de mitiger les effets des radiations sur ses performances (Chapitre V). Finalement, le Chapitre VI présente l’étude de l’implémentation dans le code de nouveaux effets, tels que les effets thermiques, le multiplexage du signal d’entrée à travers un couplage théorie/expérienceRare earth doped fibers (REDFs) are a key component in optical laser sources and amplifiers (REDFAs). Their high performances render them very attractive for space applications as the active part of gyroscopes, high data transfer links and LIDARs. However, the high sensitivity of these active fibers to space radiations limits the REDFA integration in actual and future missions. To overcome these issues various studies were carried out and some mitigation techniques were identified such as the Cerium co-doping or the hydrogen loading of the REDFs. All these solutions occur at the component level and are classified as a hardening by component strategy allowing the manufacturing of radiation hardened REDFAs with adapted performances for low doses space mission. However, with the new space research programs, more challenging space missions are targeted with higher radiations doses requiring even more tolerant REDFs and REDFAs. To this aim, an optimization of the REDFA at the system level is investigated in this PhD thesis exploiting an approach coupling simulations and experiments offering the opportunity to benefit from the outputs of this hardening by system strategy in addition to other state-of-the-art approaches. After presenting the context, objectives of this work, the basic mechanisms about amplification and radiation effects as well as the architectures of REDFAs are described in chapters I and II. After that, we update a state of art REDFAs simulation code described in Chapter III, to consider not only the REDFA optical performances but also their evolutions when exposed to radiations. Several experiments on dedicated home-made REDFA have been performed using accelerated irradiation tests (Chapter IV) and the comparison between these data and those obtained through the new code validated the simulation tools. Thereafter, we exploit the validated code to highlight how the optimization of the REDFA architecture can participate to the mitigation of the radiation effects on the amplifier performances (Chapter V). Finally, in chapter VI the implementation in the code of several other effects, such as thermal effects, input signal multiplexing was investigated both from experimental and calculation point of views
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Mello, Darli Augusto de Arruda 1976. "Suporte ao trafego heterogeneo pela rede optica : habilidade de sobrevivencia." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260794.
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Orientador: Helio WaldmanTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e Computação
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Resumo: A tese propõe conceitos e ferramentas matemáticas para a alocação eficiente de conexões com habilidade de sobrevivência diferenciada. Utilizamos a disponibilidade como critério na escolha dos mecanismos de proteção e restauração que atuam no controle da habilidade de sobrevivência. Diante da carência de métodos de estimação de disponibilidade acurados, propusemos aproximações baseadas em um modelo markoviano. Obtivemos também limitantes à disponibilidade que permitem calcular erros de estimação. Desenvolvemos então um algoritmo para a alocação de conexões com disponibilidade garantida. Com ele verificamos, usando simulações, a aplicabilidade da proteção por compartilhamento de caminhos de reserva (SBPP) e da proteção de caminho dedicada (DPP) em redes de dimensões nacionais (rede italiana) e continentais (rede estadunidense). Em redes de dimensões nacionais a SBPP oferece ganhos de compartilhamento. Em redes de dimensões continentais a SBPP e a DPP mostraram-se inviáveis devido às restrições de disponibilidade. Por fim, sugerimos utilizar a distribuição da disponibilidade de intervalo e da duração de períodos de inoperância na formulação de contratos de níveis de serviço. Computamos a distribuição das duas métricas por métodos numéricos existentes, e analiticamente, respectivamente
Abstract: This thesis proposes concepts and mathematical formulations for the efficient allocation of connections with differentiated survivability. We use availability to found the choice of adequate protection or restoration mechanisms for survivability differentiation. Given a lack of accurate methods for availability estimation, we proposed approximations based on Markov models. We also derived bounds to the availability that allow to calculate estimation errors. We then developed an algorithm for allocating connections with guaranteed availability. It allowed us to verify the applicability of the shared backup path protection (SBPP) and dedicated path protection (DPP) schemes in networks of national (Italian network) and continental (American NSFNet) dimensions. In networks of national dimensions SBPP allows capacity gains. In networks of continental dimensions the use of both SBPP and DPP has shown to be impractical due to availability constraints. Finally, we suggested to employ the interval availability and outage duration distributions for the elaboration of service level agreements. We computed the distributions using existing numerical methods, and analytically, respectively
Doutorado
Telecomunicações e Telemática
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
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Wang, Xuyang. "Mode division multiplexing optical communications using orbital angular momentum modes in optical fibres." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.723511.
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Lu, Ping. "Characterization and application of optical fibers: 1. Application of optical fibers in gas concentration and radiation dose measurements. 2. Polarization effects in fiber communication systems." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6320.
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The thesis consists of two research directions: Optical fiber applications in gas concentration and radiation dose measurements; and polarization effects in fiber optic communication systems. Part I of the thesis presents two optical fiber applications. (1) An infrared (IR) fiber bundle has been designed and fabricated to measure gas concentrations in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) chamber using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. This fiber bundle covers the IR range from 0.5 to 20 mum and reduces the light beam divergence in the CVD chamber, which makes it possible to measure gas concentrations in a region near the substrate surface. Semi-ellipsoid mirrors have been designed and used to increase the collection efficiency of infrared radiation and to compensate the loss introduced by the fiber bundle. (2) A fiber optic radiation sensor based on radiation-induced fiber loss is reported. The gamma radiation-induced loss spectra in various fibers have been studied. Among all the fibers tested, 5% P-doped fiber shows the highest sensitivity to gamma radiation. The wavelength and dose rate dependence of radiation-induced loss in 5% P-doped fiber are investigated and the possibility of using this fiber as a radiation sensor for radiation therapy is discussed. Part II of the thesis examines two polarization effects, polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and polarization dependent loss (PDL), in fiber optic communication systems based on the waveplate models. A new waveplate model, capable of generating any PMD and PDL values, is proposed to overcome the limitations of the conventional waveplate model. Using both models the statistical distributions of PDL and differential group delay (DGD) have been studied considering the presence of biased elliptical birefringence. The principal state of polarization (PSP) of an optical pulse is proposed for a fiber having both PMD and PDL. PMD and PDL of a pulse for a fiber consisting of two polarization maintaining fiber segments are calculated, and the pulse distortions due to PMD and PDL are analyzed. PMD and PDL impact on digital communication systems have been studied in terms of system Q factor, bit error rate (BER) and system outage probability. The acceptable PMD values in a system with PDL are discussed for various power margins. The Q factor distributions due to PDL and its combination with PMD have been measured experimentally and compared to numerical simulations.
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Liu, Cheng. "Advanced system design and signal processing techniques for converged high-speed optical and wireless applications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/49058.
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The ever-increasing data traffic demand drives the evolution of telecommunication networks, including the last-mile access networks as well as the long-haul backbone networks. This Ph.D. dissertation focuses on system design and signal processing techniques for next-generation converged optical-wireless access systems and the high-speed long-haul coherent optical communication systems. The convergence of high-speed millimeter-wave wireless communications and high-capacity fiber-optic backhaul networks provides tremendous potential to meet the capacity requirements of future access networks. In this work, a cloud-radio-over-fiber access architecture is proposed. The proposed architecture enables a large-scale small-cell system to be deployed in a cost-effective, power-efficient, and flexible way. Based on the proposed architecture, a multi-service reconfigurable small-cell backhaul network is developed and demonstrated experimentally. Additionally, the combination of high-speed millimeter-wave radio and fiber-optic backhaul is investigated. Several novel methods that enable high-spectral-efficient vector signal transmission in millimeter-wave radio-over-fiber systems are proposed and demonstrated through both theoretical analysis and experimental verification. For long-haul core networks, ultra-high-speed optical communication systems which can support 1Terabit/s per channel transmission will soon be required to meet the increasing capacity demand in the core networks. Grouping a number of tightly spaced optical subcarriers to form a terabit superchannel has been considered as a promising solution to increases channel capacity while minimizing the need for high-level modulation formats and high baud rate. Conventionally, precise spectral control at transmitter side is required to avoid strong inter-channel interference (ICI) at tight channel spacing. In this work, a novel receiver-side approach based on “super receiver” architecture is proposed and demonstrated. By jointly detecting and demodulating multiple channels simultaneously, the penalties associated with the limitations of generating ideal spectra can be mitigated. Several joint DSP algorithms are developed for linear ICI cancellation and joint carrier-phase recovery. Performance analysis under different system configurations is conducted to demonstrate the feasibility and robustness of the proposed joint DSP algorithms, and improved system performance is observed with both experimental and simulation data.
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Lee, Kwan-Seop. "Studies on the decay and recovery of higher-order solitons, initiated by localized channel perturbations." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04122004-143924/unrestricted/Lee%5FKwanseop%5F200405%5FPhD.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004.John A. Buck, Committee Chair ; Stephen E. Ralph, Committee Member ; Gee-Kung Chang, Committee Member ; Rick Trebino, Committee Member ; Glenn S. Smith, Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-104).
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Herbster, Adolfo Fernandes. "Extensão da faixa dinâmica de EDFAs por compensação da emissão espontânea amplificada no controle eletrônico de ganho." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261924.
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Orientadores: Aldário Chrestani Bordonalli, Júlio César Fernandes de OliveiraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Com base na estimativa do ruído de emissão espontânea amplificada (ASE) dentro do ciclo de atuação do controle eletrônico de ganho (CEG) de amplificadores a fibra dopada com érbio (EDFA), este trabalho mostra que é possível a extensão da faixa dinâmica de EDFAs controlados. Como o comportamento espectral do EDFA depende fortemente da disposição dos canais e do nível de potência de entrada, principalmente sobre operação saturada, esta estimativa pode ser obtida por meio do mapeamento prévio do acúmulo de ASE em função do ganho e da potência de entrada do EDFA, para diversas situações de alocação de canais. Desta forma, com o procedimento proposto, EDFAs com CEG que proporcionavam faixas dinâmicas de cerca de 11 a 12 dB passam a ter de 22 a 23 dB, valores próximos da faixa ideal, fazendo com que a técnica eletrônica de controle de ganho possa ser utilizada em EDFAs de redes reconfiguráveis, como amplificadores de potência ou, até, amplificadores de linha
Abstract: Based on amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise estimation within the cycle of the electronic gain control (EGC) actuation in erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), this work proposes a technique that allows for the extension of the gain controlled EDFA dynamic range. Since the EDFA spectral behavior is strongly dependent on channel assignment and input power level, especially during saturated operation, this estimation can be obtained by a prior mapping of the ASE accumulation as a function of gain and EDFA input power, for various situations of channel wavelength assignment. Thus, EDFAs with EGC, which normally provide dynamic ranges from about 11 to 12 dB, could easily offer from 22 to 23 dB with the proposed procedure, values that are close to the ideal range, making the electronic gain control technique a candidate for reconfigurable network power amplifiers or even in-line amplifiers
Mestrado
Telecomunicações e Telemática
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Yuan, Ping. "Gain, noise and bandwidth of avalanche photodiodes with thin multiplication regions /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Cheung, Ka-yi, and 張嘉兒. "Optical parametric processes in biophotonics and microwave photonics applications." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45207835.
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Bignell, Allan M. "Photonic bus and photonic mesh networks : design techniques in extremely high speed networks /." *McMaster only, 1997.
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Rotich, Enoch Kirwa. "Fibre optic network supporting high speed transmission in the square kilometre array, South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6552.
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This thesis provides in-depth information on the high speed optical transport requirements for the Square Kilometre Array. The stringent data rates as well as timing and synchronization requirements are dealt with respect to the optical fibre technology. Regarding the data transport, we draw a clear comparison between a typical telecommunication access network and a telescope network. Invoking simulations and experiments on the field and laboratory test bed, we successfully implement a suitable telescope network using vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) technology. Polarization effects on the KAT-7 telescope network, an operational prototype for the SKA is studied so as to estimate the expected effect in the MeerKAT telescope with transmission distances _ 12 km. The study further relates the obtained values to the expected impact on the distribution of the time and frequency reference in the MeerKAT array. Clock stability depends on the differential group delay (DGD) and polarization stability. On a 10:25 km link that includes the riser cable a DGD of 62:1 fs was attained. This corresponds to a polarization mode dispersion (PMD) coefficient of 19:4 fs=km1=2. This is a low PMD value considering telecommunication network. The PMD value is within the allowed budget in the telescope network. However, this may not be the case at longer baselines extending to over 1000 km as expected in SKA 2. The fibre's deployment contribution to the DGD is measured by comparing the deployed fibre to the undeployed of equal lengths. On the 10:25 km deployed single mode fibre, the maximum and mean DGDs measured were 217:7 fs and 84:8 fs respectively. The undeployed fibre of similar type and equal length, gave a maximum and minimum DGDs of 58:6 fs and 36:3 fs respectively. The deployment is seen to increase the maximum and minimum DGDs by factors of 3.7 and 2.3 respectively. This implies that fibre deployment is very critical in ensuring the birefringence is minimized. Polarization fluctuation recorded a maximum of 180o during the 15 hour real time astronomer use of the antenna. To ascertain the contribution of the riser cable, state of polarization (SOP) of the buried section of the single mode fibre in the link was established. A maximum SOP change of 14o over 15 hour monitoring was measured. From the stability realized on the buried section of the fibre, the change in polarization is contributed by the riser cable. The fluctuation in polarization can cause the phase of a clock signal to drift between the birefringent axes by an equal amount corresponding to DGD. We experimentally demonstrate how polarization stabilization can be attained using the polarization maintaining fibre. We also demonstrate the applicability of VCSEL technology in the SKA unidirectional data flow especially for shorter baselines < 100 km. The VCSEL is a low cost light source with attractive advantages such as low power consumption, high speed capabilities and wavelength tuneability. This work entails the use of traditional amplitude modulation commonly known as non-return-to-zero (NRZ) on-off keying (OOK) because of its simplicity and cost. For the MeerKAT typical distances, we show that even in a worst case scenario, the use of VCSEL on different fibres in MeerKAT distance is achievable. Using the impairment reduction approach, we successfully manage to achieve transmission distance beyond MeerKAT. Several in-line dispersion compensation mechanisms in telecommunication have been successfully employed. The work focused on the use of negative dispersion fibre to mitigate the chromatic dispersion effects in the optical fibre. The inverse dispersion fibre (IDF) is proposed for compensation in the conventional zero dispersion wavelength fibres, G.652 that are used at the third window. Similarly, the chromatic dispersion compensation of non-zero dispersion shifted fibre (NZDSF) is experimentally demonstrated using negative dispersion submarine reduced slope (SRS), G. 655 (-). With dispersion management, we demonstrate how transmissions beyond MeerKAT baselines can be achieved error free. A systematic investigation of the use of distributed Raman amplification to overcome the attenuation losses is provided. High on-off gains of up to 15 dB, 8 dB and 5 dB for bidirectional, forward and backward pumping respectively is achieved on a 25 km Raman optimized NZDSF-Reach fibre. Combined dispersion mitigation technique and low noise distributed Raman amplification, up to about 80 km transmission was achieved on a 4:25 Gbps modulated VCSEL using a single pump. Using bidirectional pumping, more than 100 km of transmission was achieved error free. The high gains enhance the VCSEL transmission distance. We further suggest a novel way of using the Raman pump to distribute the clock signal while amplifying the data signal streaming the astronomical data from the remote placed telescope receivers. In summary, the work presented in this thesis has demonstrated the potential use of VCSEL technology for data collection in the telescope array. We have studied the optical effects and mitigation so as to improve the clock and data transmission. This work is relevant and valuable in providing SKA with VCSELs, an option for extremely high network performance at reasonable costs.
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Musara, Vitalis. "Polarization mode dispersion emulation and the impact of high first-order PMD segments in optical telecommunication systems." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1138.
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In this study, focus is centred on the measurement and emulation of first-order (FO-) and second-order (SO-) polarization mode dispersion (PMD). PMD has deleterious effects on the performance of high speed optical transmission network systems from 10 Gb/s and above. The first step was characterising deployed fibres for PMD and monitoring the state of polarization (SOP) light experiences as it propagates through the fibre. The PMD and SOP changes in deployed fibres were stochastic due to varying intrinsic and extrinsic perturbation changes. To fully understand the PMD phenomenon in terms of measurement accuracy, its complex behaviour, its implications, mitigation and compensation, PMD emulation is crucial. This thesis presents emulator designs which fall into different emulator categories. The key to these designs were the PMD equations and background on the PMD phenomenon. The cross product from the concatenation equation was applied in order to determine the coupling angle β (between 0o and 180o) that results in the SO-PMD of the emulator designs to be either adjustable or fixed. The digital delay line (DDL) or single polarization maintaining fibre (PMF) section was used to give a certain amount of FO-PMD but negligible SO-PMD. PMF sections (birefringent sections) were concatenated together to ensure FO- and SO-PMD coexist, emulating deployed fibres. FO- and SO-PMD can be controlled by altering mode coupling (coupling angles) and birefringence distribution. Emulators with PMD statistics approaching the theoretical distributions had high random coupling and several numbers of randomly distributed PMF sections. In addition, the lengths of their PMF sections lie within 20% standard deviation of the mean emulator length. Those emulators with PMD statistics that did not approach the theoretical distributions had limited numbers of randomly distributed PMF sections and mode coupling. Results also show that even when an emulator has high random mode coupling and several numbers of randomly distributed PMFs, its PMD statistics deviates away from expected theoretical distributions in the presence of polarization dependent loss (PDL). The emulators showed that the background autocorrelation function (BACF) approaches zero with increasing number of randomly mode coupled fibre sections. A zero BACF signifies that an emulator has large numbers of randomly distributed PMF sections and its presence means the opposite. The availability of SO-PMD in the emulators made the autocorrelation function (ACF) x asymmetric. In the absence of SO-PMD the ACF for a PMD emulator is symmetric. SO-PMD has no effect on the BACF. Polarization-optical time domain reflectometry (P-OTDR) measurements have shown that certain fibre sections along fibre link lengths have higher FO-PMD (HiFO-PMD) than other sections. This study investigates the impact of a HiFO-PMD section on the overall FO- and SO-PMD, the output state of polarization (SOP) and system performance on deployed fibres (through emulation). Results show that when the wavelength-independent FO-PMD vector of the HiFO-PMD section is greater than the FO-PMD contributions from the rest of the fibre link, the mean FO-PMD of the entire link is biased towards that of the HiFO-PMD section and the SO-PMD increases (β ≠ 0o or 180o) or remains fixed (β = 0o or 180o) depending on the coupling angle β between the HiFO-PMD section and the rest of the fibre link. In addition, the FO-PMD statistics deviates away from the theoretical Maxwellian distribution. However, experimental results show that the HiFO-PMD section has negligible influence on the SOPMD statistical distribution. An increase in the amount of FO-PMD on a HiFO-PMD section reduces the output SOP spread to a given minimum, in this study the minimum was reached when the HiFO-PMD ≥ 35 ps. However, the outcome of the output SOP spread depends on the location of the HiFO-PMD section along the fibre link length. It was found that when the HiFO-PMD section introduces SO-PMD, the bit error rate (BER) is much higher compared to when it does not introduce SO-PMD.