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Journal articles on the topic 'Optical concentrators'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Timinger, Andreas, Abraham Kribus, Harald Ries, Toni Smith, and Markus Walther. "Optical assessment of nonimaging concentrators." Applied Optics 39, no. 31 (November 1, 2000): 5679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.39.005679.

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2

Chen, Yi-Cheng, and Chia-Chi You. "Optimal Design of a Secondary Optical Element for a Noncoplanar Two-Reflector Solar Concentrator." International Journal of Photoenergy 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/861353.

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This paper presents the results of a parametric design process used to achieve an optimal secondary optical element (SOE) in a noncoplanar solar concentrator composed of two reflectors. The noncoplanar solar concentrator comprises a primary parabolic mirror (M1) and a secondary hyperbolic mirror (M2). The optical performance (i.e., acceptance angle, optical efficiency, and irradiance distribution) of concentrators with various SOEs was compared using ray-tracing simulation. The parametric design process for the SOE was divided into two phases, and an optimal SOE was obtained. The sensitivity to assembly errors of the solar concentrator when using the optimal SOE was studied and the findings are discussed.

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3

Yiu-Wing Leung. "Lightpath concentrators for all-optical networks." Journal of Lightwave Technology 24, no. 9 (September 2006): 3259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2006.878496.

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4

Fraidenraich, N., and G. J. Almeida. "Optical properties of V-trough concentrators." Solar Energy 47, no. 3 (1991): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-092x(91)90073-6.

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5

Mansour, A. F. "Optical efficiency and optical properties of luminescent solar concentrators." Polymer Testing 17, no. 5 (August 1998): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-9418(97)00061-5.

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6

Xuan, Qingdong, Guiqiang Li, Yashun Lu, Xudong Zhao, Yuehong Su, Jie Ji, and Gang Pei. "A general optimization strategy for the annual performance enhancement of a solar concentrating system incorporated in the south-facing wall of a building." Indoor and Built Environment 29, no. 10 (September 29, 2019): 1386–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x19878217.

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A solar concentrating system incorporated to the south-facing wall could be a promising solution to alleviate the energy demand pressure in buildings. However, concentrating systems incorporated in south-facing walls would require wide acceptance range of concentrators with the purpose of static installation. In order to tackle this problem, this article proposes a novel unitary asymmetric concentrator structure for incorporating the concentrating system in the south-facing wall. A general optimization strategy for the annual performance enhancement of the concentrator is reported. Four kinds of concentrators were designed based on the proposed structure. The annual performance enhancement by this optimization strategy was analysed and compared through the ray-tracing simulation and experimental validation for four typical types of solar concentrators, i.e. Mirror Concentrator, Lens-Mirror Concentrator, Dielectric Concentrator and Air-Gap-Lens-Mirror Concentrator. The optical performance of these concentrators was studied and compared. Their application was analysed and validated through the analysis. The findings have illustrated the optical efficiency of the concentrators for concentrating the photovoltaics or photovoltaic-thermal system incorporated to the south-facing wall either by attachment or embedded into a building structure like a window. These concentrators can be engineered as the main component as a part of the design for a building.

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7

Ferrara, Maria Antonietta, Valerio Striano, and Giuseppe Coppola. "Volume Holographic Optical Elements as Solar Concentrators: An Overview." Applied Sciences 9, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9010193.

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Generally, to reduce the area of a photovoltaic cell, which is typically very expensive, solar concentrators based on a set of mirrors or mechanical structures are used. However, such solar concentrators have some drawbacks, as they need a tracking system to track the sun’s position and also they suffer for the overheat due to the concentration of both light and heat on the solar cell. The fundamental advantages of volume holographic optical elements are very appealing for lightweight and cheap solar concentrators applications and can become a valuable asset that can be integrated into solar panels. In this paper, a review of volume holographic-based solar concentrators recorded on different holographic materials is presented. The physical principles and main advantages and disadvantages, such as their cool light concentration, selective wavelength concentrations and the possibility to implement passive solar tracking, are discussed. Different configurations and strategies are illustrated and the state-of-the-art is presented including commercially available systems.

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8

Durán, J. C., and R. O. Nicolás. "Comparative optical analysis of cylindrical solar concentrators." Applied Optics 26, no. 3 (February 1, 1987): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.26.000578.

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9

PANCOTTI, L. "Optical simulation model for flat mirror concentrators." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 91, no. 7 (April 16, 2007): 551–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2006.11.007.

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10

Zitelli, M. "Nonimaging optical concentrators using graded-index dielectric." Applied Optics 53, no. 10 (March 31, 2014): 2256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.53.002256.

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11

Hamadani, Behrang H., Jonathan Seppala, and Clarence Zarobila. "3D printed optical concentrators for LED arrays." OSA Continuum 3, no. 8 (July 19, 2020): 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/osac.398260.

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12

Davidyuk, N. Yu, D. A. Malevskii, P. V. Pokrovskii, N. S. Potapovich, N. A. Sadchikov, and A. V. Chekalin. "Increasing the Efficiency of Concentrator Photovoltaic Units with Focons As Secondary Optical Concentrators." Technical Physics Letters 46, no. 3 (March 2020): 239–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063785020030062.

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13

Parretta, A., A. Antonini, E. Milan, M. Stefancich, G. Martinelli, and M. Armani. "Optical efficiency of solar concentrators by a reverse optical path method." Optics Letters 33, no. 18 (September 8, 2008): 2044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.33.002044.

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14

Давидюк, Н. Ю., Д. А. Малевский, П. В. Покровский, Н. С. Потапович, Н. А. Садчиков, and А. В. Чекалин. "Увеличение КПД концентраторных фотоэлектрических модулей при использовании фоконов в качестве вторичных оптических концентраторов." Письма в журнал технической физики 46, no. 5 (2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2020.05.49107.18140.

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Concentrator photovoltaic module with Fresnel lenses as primary optical elements and focons made of sheet aluminum as the secondary optical concentrators has been developed. To enhance the efficiency of conversion of solar energy into electrical the optimal focon design have been determined and the photoelectric characteristics of a module with such focons investigated. Implementation of focons in module design allowed to increase acceptance angle of the latter from ±0.45% (without focons) up to ±0.85% (with focons) and to increase the efficiency from 29% to 32.8%.

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15

NASH, G. R., T. ASHLEY, N. T. GORDON, C. L. JONES, C. D. MAXEY, and R. A. CATCHPOLE. "Micromachined optical concentrators for IR negative luminescent devices." Journal of Modern Optics 49, no. 5-6 (April 2002): 811–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500340110110078.

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16

Eichhorn, William L. "Designing generalized conic concentrators for conventional optical systems." Applied Optics 24, no. 8 (April 15, 1985): 1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.24.001204.

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17

Shvarts, M. Z., V. M. Emelyanov, M. V. Nakhimovich, and A. A. Soluyanov. "Optical materials for lens concentrators of solar radiation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1400 (November 2019): 066052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1400/6/066052.

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18

Martín, N., and J. M. Ruiz. "Optical performance analysis of V‐trough PV concentrators." Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 16, no. 4 (June 2008): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.817.

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19

He, Jia, Zhongzhu Qiu, Qiming Li, and Yi Zhang. "Optical Design of Linear Fresnel Reflector Solar Concentrators." Energy Procedia 14 (2012): 1960–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.12.1194.

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20

Arrue, J., A. Vieira, B. García-Ramiro, M. A. Illarramendi, F. Jiménez, and J. Zubia. "Modelling of polymer optical fiber-based solar concentrators." Methods and Applications in Fluorescence 9, no. 3 (April 30, 2021): 035003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2050-6120/abfa6d.

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21

Wenger, Tobias, Richard Muller, Daniel Wilson, Sarath D. Gunapala, and Alexander Soibel. "Large metasurface-based optical concentrators for infrared photodetectors." AIP Advances 11, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 085221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0054328.

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22

Iasilli, G., R. Francischello, P. Lova, S. Silvano, A. Surace, G. Pesce, M. Alloisio, et al. "Luminescent solar concentrators: boosted optical efficiency by polymer dielectric mirrors." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 3, no. 3 (2019): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8qm00595h.

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High dielectric contrast polymer dielectric mirrors are used to recycle non-absorbed photons in organic luminescent solar concentrators. A 10% increase in the concentrator optical efficiency is found and retained upon doubling its size paving the way to lightweight and cheap building integrated photovoltaic systems.

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23

Антонов, А. С., А. А. Богданов, А. М. Красильщиков, and Е. Е. Холупенко. "Моделирование оптических концентраторов для модернизированной камеры черенковского гамма-телескопа TAIGA-IACT." Журнал технической физики 91, no. 11 (2021): 1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2021.11.51517.67-21.

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A quantitative simulation of a system of optical concentrators based on Winston's hexagonal cones, intended for the registration camera of the TAIGA-IACT Cherenkov gamma-ray telescope, has been performed. The data on the transmission of the cones are obtained; the distributions of the photon flux intensity in the plane of the detector are given. On the basis of the results obtained, an optimal configuration of optical concentrators is proposed, taking into account the design features of the mount, mirror and TAIGA-IACT camera, as well as the features of its new detector units.

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24

Chemisana, D., J. Barrau, J. I. Rosell, B. Abdel-Mesih, M. Souliotis, and F. Badia. "Optical performance of solar reflective concentrators: A simple method for optical assessment." Renewable Energy 57 (September 2013): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2013.01.037.

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25

Feuermann, Daniel, and Jeffrey M. Gordon. "Optical performance of axisymmetric edge-ray concentrators and illuminators." Applied Optics 37, no. 10 (April 1, 1998): 1905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.37.001905.

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26

Needell, David R., Ognjen Ilic, Colton R. Bukowsky, Zach Nett, Lu Xu, Junwen He, Haley Bauser, et al. "Design Criteria for Micro-Optical Tandem Luminescent Solar Concentrators." IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 8, no. 6 (November 2018): 1560–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2018.2861751.

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27

Kondepudi, Ramesh, and S. Srinivasan. "Optical studies on some dyes for liquid solar concentrators." Solar Energy Materials 20, no. 3 (March 1990): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1633(90)90010-x.

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28

Paul, Damasen Ikwaba. "Theoretical and Experimental Optical Evaluation and Comparison of Symmetric 2D CPC and V-Trough Collector for Photovoltaic Applications." International Journal of Photoenergy 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/693463.

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This paper presents theoretical and experimental optical evaluation and comparison of symmetric Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC) and V-trough collector. For direct optical properties comparison, both concentrators were deliberately designed to have the same geometrical concentration ratio (1.96), aperture area, absorber area, and maximum concentrator length. The theoretical optical evaluation of the CPC and V-trough collector was carried out using a ray-trace technique while the experimental optical efficiency and solar energy flux distributions were analysed using an isolated cell PV module method. Results by simulation analysis showed that for the CPC, the highest optical efficiency was 95% achieved in the interval range of 0° to ±20° whereas the highest outdoor experimental optical efficiency was 94% in the interval range of 0° to ±20°. For the V-tough collector, the highest optical efficiency for simulation and outdoor experiments was about 96% and 93%, respectively, both in the interval range of 0° to ±5°. Simulation results also showed that the CPC and V-trough exhibit higher variation in non-illumination intensity distributions over the PV module surface for larger incidence angles than lower incidence angles. On the other hand, the maximum power output for the cells with concentrators varied depending on the location of the cell in the PV module.

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29

Chatten, A. J., K. W. J. Barnham, B. F. Buxton, N. J. Ekins-Daukes, and M. A. Malik. "Quantum dot solar concentrators." Semiconductors 38, no. 8 (August 2004): 909–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1787111.

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30

Parola, Itxaso, M. Asuncion Illarramendi, Florian Jakobs, Jana Kielhorn, Daniel Zaremba, Hans-Hermann Johannes, and Joseba Zubia. "Characterization of Double-Doped Polymer Optical Fibers as Luminescent Solar Concentrators." Polymers 11, no. 7 (July 15, 2019): 1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11071187.

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This work reports on a diameter dependence analysis of the performance as luminescent solar concentrators of three self-fabricated polymer optical fibers (POFs) doped with a hybrid combination of dopants. The works carried out include the design and self-fabrication of the different diameter fibers; an experimental analysis of the output power, of the output irradiance and of the fluorescent fiber solar concentrator efficiency; a comparison of the experimental results with a theoretical model; a study of the performance of all the fibers under different simulated lighting conditions; and a calculation of the active fiber length of each of the samples, all of them as a function of the fiber core diameter. To the best of our knowledge, this paper reports the first analysis of the influence of the POF diameter for luminescent solar concentration applications. The results obtained offer a general perspective on the optimal design of solar energy concentrating systems based on doped POFs and pave the way for the implementation of cost-effective solar energy concentrating devices.

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31

Kribus, Abraham, and Andreas Timinger. "Optical In-Situ Assessment of a Nonimaging Secondary Concentrator in a Solar Tower." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 124, no. 3 (August 1, 2002): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1488668.

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A method for remote optical measurement of the geometry of nonimaging concentrators is presented. A concentrator installed in a solar tower was measured by observation of transmission patterns from the heliostat field, and comparison of the measured patterns to a ray tracing simulation. The actual geometry of the concentrator was derived from optimization of the match between real and simulated patterns. The measurement was sensitive and accurate enough to detect small errors in the concentrator geometry, such as 1 millimeter in linear dimension and 0.1° in concentrator tilt angle. The measurement procedure is simple and can be easily adapted to a wide range of nonimaging optical systems.

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32

Jakubowski, Konrad, Chieh-Szu Huang, Ali Gooneie, Luciano F. Boesel, Manfred Heuberger, and Rudolf Hufenus. "Luminescent solar concentrators based on melt-spun polymer optical fibers." Materials & Design 189 (April 2020): 108518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108518.

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33

Arqueros, F., A. Jiménez, and A. Valverde. "A novel procedure for the optical characterization of solar concentrators." Solar Energy 75, no. 2 (August 2003): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2003.07.008.

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34

Mazumder, R. K., T. C. Kandpal, and S. C. Mullick. "Geometrical optical performance evaluation of some seasonally adjusted solar concentrators." Applied Optics 25, no. 23 (December 1, 1986): 4370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.25.004370.

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35

Ries, Harald, J. M. Gordon, and Michelle Lasken. "High-flux photovoltaic solar concentrators with kaleidoscope-based optical designs." Solar Energy 60, no. 1 (January 1997): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-092x(96)00159-4.

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36

Cheng, Ze-Dong, Xue-Ru Zhao, Ya-Ling He, and Yu Qiu. "A novel optical optimization model for linear Fresnel reflector concentrators." Renewable Energy 129 (December 2018): 486–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.06.019.

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37

Tang, Feng, Guihua Li, and Runsheng Tang. "Design and optical performance of CPC based compound plane concentrators." Renewable Energy 95 (September 2016): 140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.04.004.

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38

Fraidenraich, Naum. "Analytic solutions for the optical properties of V-trough concentrators." Applied Optics 31, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.31.000131.

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39

Bojić, Milorad, Nenad Marjanović, Ivan Miletić, and Ljubiša Bojić. "Comparison of optical performances of sea-shell trough solar concentrators." Energy and Buildings 98 (July 2015): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.08.037.

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40

Parretta, Antonio, Andrea Antonini, Maria Angela Butturi, Emiliano Milan, Pierangelo Di Benedetto, Davide Uderzo, and Paolo Zurru. "Optical Methods for Indoor Characterization of Small-Size Solar Concentrators Prototypes." Advances in Science and Technology 74 (October 2010): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.74.196.

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The light collection properties of different types of solar concentrators have been investigated by applying conventional and innovative methods of characterization [1, 2]. Four types of optical methods were applied: i) a “direct” method using a laser beam as light source; ii) a “direct” method using a parallel beam simulating the direct component of solar light; iii) a “direct” integral method using a lambertian light source simulating the diffuse component of solar light; iv) an “inverse” method using a lambertian light source applied at the receiver side, thereby reversing the light path. The optical properties derived by applying the above three methods were: i) the local optical collection efficiency, resolved on the entrance point and direction of incidence ii) the overall optical collection efficiency under collimated light, resolved on direction of incidence; iii) the spatial and angular distribution of flux on the receiver.

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41

Caron, Simon, Marc Röger, and Michael Wullenkord. "Selection of Solar Concentrator Design Concepts for Planar Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Devices." Energies 13, no. 19 (October 5, 2020): 5196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195196.

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Photoelectrochemical water splitting is a promising pathway for solar-driven hydrogen production with a low environmental footprint. The utilization of solar concentrators to supply such water splitting devices with concentrated solar irradiation offers great potential to enhance the economic viability of water splitting at “sunny” site locations. In this work, we defined a set of functional requirements for solar concentrators to assess their suitability to power such water splitting devices, taking into account concentrator optical performance, device coupling efficiency, perceived system complexity, as well as technological costs and risks. We identified, classified and compared a broad range of existing solar concentrator design concepts. Our geometrical analysis, performed on a yearly basis with a one-minute time step, shows that two-axis tracking concentrators with water splitting devices positioned parallel to the optical aperture plane exhibit the highest potential, given the initial conditions applied for the device tilt constraints. Demanding an angle of at least 20° between horizontal and the front side of the water splitting device, allows the device to be operational for 97% of the daylight time in Seville, Spain. The relative loss with respect to the available direct normal irradiance is estimated to 6%. Results moderately depend on the location of application, but generally confirm that the consideration of tilt angle constraints is essential for a comprehensive performance assessment of photoelectrochemical water splitting driven by concentrated sunlight.

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42

Frolova, Elena, Tobias Otto, Nikolai Gaponik, and Vladimir Lesnyak. "Incorporation of CdTe Nanocrystals into Metal Oxide Matrices Towards Inorganic Nanocomposite Materials." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 232, no. 9-11 (August 28, 2018): 1335–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2018-1139.

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Abstract In this work we present a technique of incorporation of semiconductor CdTe nanocrystals (NCs) into metal oxide matrices prepared by inorganic sol-gel method. As the matrices, we chose alumina and aluminum tin oxide, which are optically transparent in the visible region. Among them the first is electrically insulating, while the second is conductive and thus can be used in optoelectronic devices. We found optimal synthetic parameters allowing us to maintain optical properties of the NCs in both matrices even after heating up to 150°C in air. Therefore, in our approach we overcame a common problem of degradation of the optical properties of semiconductor NCs in oxide matrices as a result of the incorporation and subsequent interaction with the matrix. The resulting materials were characterized in detail from the point of view of their optical and structural properties. Based on the results obtained, we suggest the formation mechanism of these materials. Semiconductor NCs embedded in robust and optically transparent metal oxides offer promising applications in optical switching, optical filtering, waveguides, light emitting diodes, and solar concentrators.

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43

Li, Guiqiang, and Yi Jin. "Optical Simulation and Experimental Verification of a Fresnel Solar Concentrator with a New Hybrid Second Optical Element." International Journal of Photoenergy 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4970256.

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Fresnel solar concentrator is one of the most common solar concentrators in solar applications. For high Fresnel concentrating PV or PV/T systems, the second optical element (SOE) is the key component for the high optical efficiency at a wider deflection angle, which is important for overcoming unavoidable errors from the tacking system, the Fresnel lens processing and installment technology, and so forth. In this paper, a new hybrid SOE was designed to match the Fresnel solar concentrator with the concentration ratio of 1090x. The ray-tracing technology was employed to indicate the optical properties. The simulation outcome showed that the Fresnel solar concentrator with the new hybrid SOE has a wider deflection angle scope with the high optical efficiency. Furthermore, the flux distribution with different deviation angles was also analyzed. In addition, the experiment of the Fresnel solar concentrator with the hybrid SOE under outdoor condition was carried out. The verifications from the electrical and thermal outputs were all made to analyze the optical efficiency comprehensively. The optical efficiency resulting from the experiment is found to be consistent with that from the simulation.

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44

El Himer, S., S. El-Yahyaoui, A. Mechaqrane, and A. Ahaitouf. "Comparative study of two CPV optical concentrators, using a Fresnel lens as primary optical element." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 186 (March 2017): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/186/1/012033.

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45

Smolyaninov, Igor I., and Yu-Ju Hung. "Big Crunch-based omnidirectional light concentrators." Journal of Optics 16, no. 12 (October 22, 2014): 125103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8978/16/12/125103.

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46

Mancini, Thomas R. "Analysis and Design of Two Stretched-Membrane Parabolic Dish Concentrators." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 113, no. 3 (August 1, 1991): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930490.

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The state-of-the-art of parabolic dish solar concentrators is the faceted, glass-metal dish. The mass production costs of glass-metal dishes may be high because they do not incorporate the innovations of design and materials developed over the last eight years. Therefore, Sandia National Laboratories has undertaken to develop two stretched-membrane parabolic dish concentrators for the Department of Energy’s Solar Thermal Program. These solar concentrators are being designed for integration with an advanced solar receiver and a Stirling engine/generator in a 25-kWe power production unit. The first dish, which builds on the successful design of the stretched-membrane heliostats, is to be a low risk, near-term commercial solar concentrator. This solar concentrator comprises 12 large, 3.6-m diameter, stretched-membrane facets that are formed into parabolic shapes either with a large vacuum or by performing the thin membranes plastically. The focal length-to-diameter ratios (f/Ds) for the facets are about 3.0, relatively large for a dish but much lower than heliostats where they typically range from 50 to 100. Two contractors are currently fabricating facets for this dish, and a third contractor is designing the facet support structure and pedestal for the dish. The second stretched-membrane concentrator is a single-element monolithic dish with an f/D of 0.6. The dish is shaped into a parabola by plastically yielding the membrane using a combination of uniform and nonuniform loading. Initial measurements of the dish indicate that it has a slope error of 2.6 milliradians (one standard deviation) relative to a perfect parabola. In this paper, the designs of the two stretched-membrane dishes are analyzed using the computer code CIRCE to model the optical performance of the concentrators and a thermal model, which includes conduction, convection, and radiation heat transfer, to calculate the thermal losses from the cavity solar receivers. The solar collector efficiency, defined as the product of the optical efficiency of the collector and the thermal efficiency of the receiver, is optimized for comparing the performance of several solar concentrator configurations. Ten facet arrangements for the faceted stretched-membrane dish and the single-element stretched-membrane dish are modeled and their performances compared with that of a state-of-the-art glass-metal dish. Last, the initial designs of these two stretched-membrane dishes are described along with the results of preliminary performance measurements on their respective optical elements.

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47

Parretta, Antonio, Francesco Aldegheri, Andrea Antonini, Mariangela Butturi, and Paolo Zurru. "Optical Simulation of PV Solar Concentrators by two Inverse Characterization Methods." International Journal of Optics and Applications 2, no. 5 (December 1, 2012): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5923/j.optics.20120205.02.

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Vu, Ngoc-Hai, and Seoyong Shin. "Cost-effective optical fiber daylighting system using modified compound parabolic concentrators." Solar Energy 136 (October 2016): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2016.06.064.

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Maccari, A., and M. Montecchi. "An optical profilometer for the characterisation of parabolic trough solar concentrators." Solar Energy 81, no. 2 (February 2007): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2006.04.004.

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Koppelhuber, Alexander, and Oliver Bimber. "Thin-film camera using luminescent concentrators and an optical Söller collimator." Optics Express 25, no. 16 (July 24, 2017): 18526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.25.018526.

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