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Journal articles on the topic 'Optical density (OD)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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1

Willey, Ronald R. "Designing Metallic Neutral Density Filters with Constant Optical Density Versus Wavelength." Space Science Journal 1, no. 2 (2024): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.33140/ssj.01.02.08.

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Observations in space and on earth can be subject to wide dynamic ranges of light levels which may need to be controlled by neutral density filters. The optical density (OD) of neutral density (ND) filters made with single metal layers is often not very neutral or constant in OD versus wavelength over the wavelength band of interest. Photographers are the major users of quantities of ND filters, but there are many other applications for smaller numbers of ND filters. There are a limited number of publications on how to design metallic ND filters. It is shown here that designs of metal-dielectr

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2

Mira, Portia, Pamela Yeh, and Barry G. Hall. "Estimating microbial population data from optical density." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (2022): e0276040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276040.

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The spectrophotometer has been used for decades to measure the density of bacterial populations as the turbidity expressed as optical density–OD. However, the OD alone is an unreliable metric and is only proportionately accurate to cell titers to about an OD of 0.1. The relationship between OD and cell titer depends on the configuration of the spectrophotometer, the length of the light path through the culture, the size of the bacterial cells, and the cell culture density. We demonstrate the importance of plate reader calibration to identify the exact relationship between OD and cells/mL. We u

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3

Fukue, Masaharu, Zbigniew Lechowicz, Yuichi Fujimori, Kentaro Emori, and Catherine N. Mulligan. "Incorporation of Optical Density into the Blending Design for a Biocement Solution." Materials 15, no. 5 (2022): 1951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15051951.

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The engineering practices for applying the microbial precipitation of carbonates require a design of the blending biocement solution (BCS). The BCS is usually blended with concentrated strains NO-A10, reaction media, such as urea and CaCl2, and a solvent, i.e., water or seawater. To characterize the BCS, the unknown microbial characteristics, such as the cell viability, are complex factors. Therefore, the optical density (OD) was redefined as Rcv OD*, in which OD* was the tentative OD of the BCS used and Rcv was the conversion rate concerning the cell viability. To determine Rcv values, a stan

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4

Isaieva, H. O., M. M. Mishyna, Y. A. Mozgova, M. O. Gonchar, O. L. Logvinova, and M. A. Basiuk. "Ability of Microorganisms, Causing Respiratory Infections in Children, to Form Biofilms in vitro." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 6, no. 1 (2021): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs06.01.177.

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The purpose of the study was to detect ability to form biofilms by microorganisms that cause respiratory tract infections. Materials and methods. The study involved 97 strains of microorganisms. Microorganisms were isolated from children with respiratory tract infections. All strains, isolated from patients, were able to form biofilms. There were 44 strains of S. aureus (from patients with pneumonia – 13 strains, from patients with other respiratory diseases – 31), 34 strains of S. pneumoniae (pneumonia – 27 strains, other respiratory diseases – 7), 13 strains of K. pneumoniae (pneumonia – 6 s

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5

Liu, Zilong, Yuxiao Li, Yiqin Jiang, et al. "A New Diffuse Optics Emitter for High Visual Diffuse Transmission Density Measurement." Applied Sciences 9, no. 14 (2019): 2774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9142774.

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In visual diffuse transmission density measurement, it is hard to measure optical density (OD) up to 6.0 because the signal to noise is more than 10E-06. Thus, there are only two methods to find the measurement. One is using a highly sensitive detector with low background noise, and the other is improving the incident light flux with a wide spectrum, including visual scope. A new diffuse optics emitter was designed to realize OD measurements up to 6.0. It uses 235 optical fibers on a hemisphere to collect and feed in the incident flux, then emits this flux by a diffuse opal. Thus, an incident

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Chena, Chih-Jung, Kuan-An Chenb, and Ray-Kuang Chianga. "12‐3: Materialization of Mid‐Resolution Quantum Dot Color Converters on G2.5 TFT‐LCD Production Line for Micro‐LED Displays." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 55, no. 1 (2024): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.17470.

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This study proposes a mass production solution for quantum dot color converter (QDCC) of mid‐resolution micro‐LED displays. Therefore, a gray bank materials and QD photoresist (PR) with high optical density (OD) and low film thickness were developed. The gray bank materials can achieve OD = 1.08 and a reflectivity of over 25% at a thickness of 4 μm. The red QDPR has OD = 1.93 at 3 μm, and the green QDPR has OD = 1.58 at 3.3 μm. Finally, a 125 PPI and 7‐inch QDCC were fabricated using a G2.5 TFT‐LCD production line, and the optimal material formula and process conditions were determined. Optica

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7

Kamaluddin, Muhammad Wafiq, Agus Indra Gunawan, Setiawardhana Setiawardhana, et al. "Algae content estimation utilizing optical density and image processing method." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 14, no. 6 (2024): 6248. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v14i6.pp6248-6257.

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One of the factors that influence shrimp cultivation is the presence of algae. Precise knowing algae content in the pond is essential for effective management. Most research in the field of algae species carried out by researchers were observing Chlorella Sp. more than the other algae species, with a particular emphasis on substance concentrations. This study proposed non-invasive techniques for quantifying algae abundance, utilizing optical density (OD) and image processing (IP) methods. Three different algae species are frequently found in Indonesia i.e., Chlorella Sp., Thalassiosira Sp., an

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8

Lin, Hsiu-Li, Chien-Chung Lin, Yi-Jen Lin, et al. "Revisiting with a Relative-Density Calibration Approach the Determination of Growth Rates of Microorganisms by Use of Optical Density Data from Liquid Cultures." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 5 (2010): 1683–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00824-09.

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ABSTRACT To solve the problems of measuring the growth rates of microorganisms from optical density (OD)-growth time plots, we used relative-density (RD) plots. The relationship of OD and RD was built from the diluted grown cultures. This method was satisfactorily applied to study the growth of Escherichia coli and the cyanobacterium Anabaena spiroides.

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9

Martins, Márcia Valéria, Marcos André dos Santos da Silva, Edmundo Medici Filho, Luiz Cesar de Moraes, Julio Cezar de Melo Castilho, and Rosilene Fernandes da Rocha. "Evaluation of digital optical density of bone repair in rats medicated with ketoprofen." Brazilian Dental Journal 16, no. 3 (2005): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402005000300007.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of ketoprofen on bone repair process in tibiae of rats by means of analysis of the digital optical density. Twenty Wistar rats were assigned to two groups: an untreated control group and a group treated with ketoprofen. The experimental procedures comprised the following stages: general anesthesia, preparation of a unicortical bone defect on the left tibia of each rat, medication with ketoprofen and radiographic examination. Digital radiographic images were acquired using Visualix GX-S-HDI™ digital sensor and an x-ray equipment. Radiograp

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10

Setiani, Nur Asni, Erman Tritama, and Annisa Tresnawulansari. "OPTIMASI OPTICAL DENSITY (OD) PADA ISOLASI GENOM Salmonella typhi MENGGUNAKAN GENOMIC DNA PURIFICATION KIT." Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Farmasi Indonesia 10, no. 1 (2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.58327/jstfi.v10i1.182.

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<p>Demam tifoid merupakan penyakit infeksi sistemik yang disebabkan oleh bakteri <em>Salmonella typhi</em> dan dapat dicegah melalui pemberian vaksin. Isolasi DNA menjadi tahapan penting untuk menghasilkan DNA murni yang menjadi bahan utama pembuatan vaksin tifoid. Penggunaan <em>genomic</em> DNA <em>purification</em> kit dalam proses isolasi dinilai lebih mudah, tetapi tidak spesifik terhadap bakteri tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan nilai <em>Optical density</em> (OD) yang optimum untuk menghasilkan genom murni <em>Salmo

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11

Baty, F., J. P. Flandrois, and M. L. Delignette-Muller. "Modeling the Lag Time of Listeria monocytogenes from Viable Count Enumeration and Optical Density Data." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 12 (2002): 5816–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.12.5816-5825.2002.

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ABSTRACT The following two factors significantly influence estimates of the maximum specific growth rate (μmax) and the lag-phase duration (λ): (i) the technique used to monitor bacterial growth and (ii) the model fitted to estimate parameters. In this study, nine strains of Listeria monocytogenes were monitored simultaneously by optical density (OD) analysis and by viable count enumeration (VCE) analysis. Four usual growth models were fitted to our data, and estimates of growth parameters were compared from one model to another and from one monitoring technique to another. Our results show th

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12

Chillar, Komal, Yipeng Yin, Adikari M. Dhananjani N. Eriyagama, and Shiyue Fang. "Determination of optical density (OD) of oligodeoxynucleotide from HPLC peak area." PeerJ Analytical Chemistry 4 (July 7, 2022): e20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-achem.20.

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Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) are typically purified and analysed with HPLC equipped with a UV-Vis detector. Quantities of ODNs are usually determined using a UV-Vis spectrometer separately after HPLC, and are reported as optical density at 260 nm (OD260). Here, we describe a method for direct determination of OD260 of ODNs using the area of the peaks in HPLC profiles. It is expected that the method will save significant time for researchers in the area of nucleic acid research, and minimize the loss of oligonucleotide samples.

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13

RENNER, AGNES B., HOLGER KNAU, MAUREEN NEITZ, JAY NEITZ, and JOHN S. WERNER. "Photopigment optical density of the human foveola and a paradoxical senescent increase outside the fovea." Visual Neuroscience 21, no. 6 (2004): 827–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523804216030.

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Photopigment optical density (OD) of middle-(M) and long-(L) wavelength-sensitive cones was determined to evaluate the hypothesis that reductions in the amount of photopigment are responsible for age-dependent sensitivity losses of the human cone pathways. Flicker thresholds were measured at the peak and tail of the photoreceptor's absorption spectrum as a function of the intensity of a bleaching background. Photopigment OD was measured at 0 (fovea), 2, 4, and 8 deg in the temporal retina by use of a 0.3-deg-diameter test spot. Seventy-two genetically characterized dichromats were studied so t

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14

Chan, Chee, Paul Corso, Xiumei Sun, Peter Hill, and Andrew Shorr. "Evaluating the role for the optical density in the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia following cardiac surgery." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 106, no. 11 (2011): 934–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th11-04-0273.

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SummaryThe poor accuracy of the enzyme immune assay (EIA) contributes to the diagnostic challenge of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) following cardiac surgery. We sought to determine if adjusting the threshold optical density (OD) defining a positive EIA improves the test's accuracy in subjects with an OD>0.40. We retrospectively analysed the results from both EIA and confirmatory serotonin release assays (SRAs) in cardiac surgery patients with EIA OD of >0.4. Employing the SRA as the standard, we compared the area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curves of vari

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15

Ziari, Mohammad, Catherine Burke, Karen Matevosyan, Eugene P. Frenkel, Ravindra Sarode, and Yu-Min Shen. "Optical Density of 1.0 Is a Better Cutoff for Positive HIT Ab ELISA." Blood 114, no. 22 (2009): 3515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.3515.3515.

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Abstract Abstract 3515 Poster Board III-452 Background Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a clinicopathologic diagnosis based on pretest clinical assessment aided by the 4T score and confirmed by laboratory testing for the presence of anti-heparin-platelet factor 4 antibody (HIT Ab). Prompt and accurate diagnosis of HIT is paramount due to an extraordinary high risk of thrombosis and the inherent risk of bleeding and cost with the use direct thrombin inhibitors (DTI). The polyspecific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (poly-ELISA) for the HIT Ab is the most commonly available test that

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16

Waghunde, R. R., Priya John, B. M. Naik, K. U. Solanky, and A. N. Sabalpara. "OPTICAL DENSITY - A TOOL FOR THE ESTIMATION OF SPORE COUNT OF TRICHODERMA VIRIDE." Journal of Biopesticides 03, no. 03 (2010): 624–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.3.3.624-626.

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ABSTRACT Spore count is an important parameter in mass multiplication of entomopathogens including Trichoderma viride for quality analysis. In the present investigation, it has been found that optical density (OD) is an easy and reliable method as compared to haemocytometer count (HC) reading. A positive correlation between T. viride concentration (0.05 to 0.5%) and OD had been found in proportional to HC count at seventh day and increased at 10th day after inoculation on sugarcane juice medium (SJM). The spore count of T. viride can be determined at 550nm with spectrophotometer in place of ha

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17

Paul, Asit K., William Fricke, and Peter A. Kouides. "A Threshold Optical Density Value In Immunoassay Predicts Thrombosis In Patients with Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia." Blood 122, no. 21 (2013): 4755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.4755.4755.

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Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an IgG mediated adverse reaction of heparin use associated with increased thrombosis. Heparin-platelet factor 4 (HPF4) enzyme immunoassay (EIA) detects all classes of antibody against HPF4 resulting in potential over-diagnosis of HIT. The objective of the current study was to determine an optimal threshold for diagnosis of HIT by EIA that would improve the diagnostic specificity and predict thrombosis. We retrospectively analyzed data of 101 consecutive patients who were tested positive based on conventional cut-off value of optical density (OD) obtain

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18

Huslina, Feizia, and Diannita Harahap. "ISOLASI BAKTERI PENGIKAT NITROGEN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA JENSEN." Jurnal Agrotek Ummat 6, no. 2 (2019): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/agrotek.v6i2.1238.

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Bakteri pengikat nitrogen adalah jenis bakteri yang paling banyak ditemukan di tanah dan sebagiannya bersimbiosis dengan akar tumbuhan. Bakteri ini mengikat nitrogen di udara dan mengubahnya menjadi nitrat yang kemudian digunakan oleh tumbuhan. Media Jensen adalah media selektif yang umumnya digunakan untuk menumbuhkan bakteri pengikat nitrogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi bakteri pengikat nitrogen dengan menggunakan media Jensen. Bakteri diisolasi dari rizosfer di sekitar UIN Ar-Raniry, Banda Aceh dan dilakukan karakteristik morfologi dan Optical Density (OD). Empat isolat (IS-

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Nam, Sung-Wook, Dong-Gyu Jeon, Young-Ran Yoon, Gang Ho Lee, Yongmin Chang, and Dong Il Won. "Hemagglutination Assay via Optical Density Characterization in 3D Microtrap Chips." Biosensors 13, no. 7 (2023): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13070733.

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Hemagglutination assay has been used for blood typing and detecting viruses, thus applicable for the diagnosis of infectious diseases, including COVID-19. Therefore, the development of microfluidic devices for fast detection of hemagglutination is on-demand for point-of-care diagnosis. Here, we present a way to detect hemagglutination in 3D microfluidic devices via optical absorbance (optical density, OD) characterization. 3D printing is a powerful way to build microfluidic structures for diagnostic devices. However, mixing liquid in microfluidic chips is difficult due to laminar flow, which h

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Kemuning Cahyaning Tyas Sofyan, Jefri Anjaini, Taufik Budhi Pramono, and Lilik Setiyaningsih. "Effect of Different Molasses Doses in Bacterial Growth (Commercial Probiotics)." Journal of Aquaculture Science 10, no. 1 (2025): 9–16. https://doi.org/10.20473/joas.v10i1.59598.

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The study investigated the optimal dose of molasses for the cultivation of commercial probiotics containing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis. A two-month laboratory experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments: K (0 ppm), A (5 ppm), B (10 ppm), and C (15 ppm), each with three replications. The study measured optical density (OD) and bacterial growth over 48 hours. The results showed that Treatment C (15 ppm) produced the highest OD value (0.014), indicatin

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Suarez-Duarte, Mirtha E., Ricardo P. Laub, Renato L. Santos, et al. "New Method for Lawsonia intracelullaris Quantification Based on Optical Density by Spectrophotometry." Microorganisms 13, no. 3 (2025): 568. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13030568.

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Studies investigating the pathogenesis of Lawsonia intracellularis often require bacterial quantification in suspension. However, due to the organism’s fastidious growth requirements—being both intracellular and microaerophilic—traditional quantification methods, such as colony-forming unit counting, are not feasible. Currently, the only widely available method for quantifying L. intracellularis is real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Unfortunately, the time required to perform RT-qPCR is incompatible with the bacterium’s limited survival outside its intracellular and microaerophilic environm

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Medl, Matthias, Vignesh Rajamanickam, Gerald Striedner, and Joseph Newton. "Development and Validation of an Artificial Neural-Network-Based Optical Density Soft Sensor for a High-Throughput Fermentation System." Processes 11, no. 1 (2023): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11010297.

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Optical density (OD) is a critical process parameter during fermentation, this being directly related to cell density, which provides valuable information regarding the state of the process. However, to measure OD, sampling of the fermentation broth is required. This is particularly challenging for high-throughput-microbioreactor (HT-MBR) systems, which require robotic liquid-handling (LiHa) systems for process control tasks, such as pH regulation or carbon feed additions. Bioreactor volume is limited and automated at-line sampling occupies the resources of LiHa systems; this affects their abi

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ROBSON, ANTHONY G., and NEIL R. A. PARRY. "Measurement of macular pigment optical density and distribution using the steady-state visual evoked potential." Visual Neuroscience 25, no. 4 (2008): 575–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523808080681.

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AbstractThe purpose of this study was to specify isoluminance at different retinal eccentricities and to characterize macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and distribution using the steady-state visual evoked potential (VEP). Red–green (R/G) and blue–green (B/G) gratings were generated within two circular stimulus fields (radius = 0.55 or 1.1 deg) and within four annular fields (maximum mean radius = 6.0 deg) on a color monitor. Temporal frequency was 15 Hz. Isoluminance was determined for each stimulus using minimum flicker photometry. Steady-state onset–offset VEPs were recorded to the sam

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Bensadoun, Eric, George Davis, Jeremy Flynn, Daniel Lewis, and Kathryn Ruf. "A clinical-laboratory algorithm incorporating optical density value to predict heparin-induced thrombocytopenia." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 105, no. 03 (2011): 553–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th10-09-0610.

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SummaryThe diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is complex and involves integrating both clinical and laboratory findings. Readily available diagnostic tests such as the heparin-dependant antibody assay (HDAA) lack desired specificity when utilised alone. A diagnostic algorithm incorporating the 4T pretest probability score, HDAA, and optical density (OD) value was implemented as a tool to assist in the diagnosis of HIT and with the decision to treat patients. Patients with a 4T score >3 and/or positive HDAA result with an OD ≥1 were considered positive. Utilisation of this a

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Arendrup, Maiken Cavling, Susan Howard, Cornelia Lass-Flörl, Johan W. Mouton, Joseph Meletiadis, and Manuel Cuenca-Estrella. "EUCAST Testing of Isavuconazole Susceptibility in Aspergillus: Comparison of Results for Inoculum Standardization Using Conidium Counting versus Optical Density." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 58, no. 11 (2014): 6432–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.03779-14.

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ABSTRACTThe EUCAST E.DEF9.1 standard recommends standardization of the inoculum concentration by conidium counting using a hemocytometer rather than a spectrophotometer. In this study, we investigated whether the choice of these methods influenced isavuconazole MICs. A blinded collection of 30 molecularly characterized azole-resistant isolates and 10 wild-typeAspergillus fumigatusisolates was shared with four different laboratories. Additionally, each laboratory selected approximately 100A. fumigatusisolates and 50 isolates each ofA. flavus,A. nidulans,A. niger, andA. terreus(1,237 isolates in

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Janatpour, Kim A., Robert C. Gosselin, William E. Dager, Andrew Lee, John T. Owings, and Ted Wun. "Utility of Optical Density Values from Heparin-Platelet Factor 4 Antibody Testing and Probability Scoring Models To Diagnose Patients with Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia." Blood 108, no. 11 (2006): 1475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.1475.1475.

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Abstract Background: Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a potentially life threatening complication of heparin administration caused by antibodies directed to the heparin-platelet factor 4 (PF4) complex and characterized by thrombocytopenia with a seemingly paradoxical high risk of thrombosis. Diagnosis is challenging, and is based on both clinical suspicion and laboratory detection of heparin-PF4 antibodies. The Warkentin 4 T’s “pre-test” probability and Chong’s “post-test” probability models have been developed to aid the diagnosis of HIT. Enzyme-linked immunoabosorbant assay (ELISA)

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Umeoduagu, N. D., L.I. Uwanta, K.C. Agu, et al. "Randomized Genetically Modified Monoculture Degradation by Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum on Varying Concentration of Spent Engine Oil." International Journal of Research 11, no. 6 (2024): 162–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12060931.

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The deleterious impact of spent engine oil on the environment has long been a cause for concern, given its persistent presence and harmful effects on ecosystems. In this study, we assessed the potential of genetically modified or engineered fungi (GMF) in the biodegradation of spent oil contaminated soil. Inoculation of <em>Aspergillus niger</em> (F1) and <em>Penicillium chrysogenum</em> (F2) on spent oil-contaminated soil samples at various concentrations (1%, and 5%) over a 28-day period was conducted. The optical density (OD) values of the various samples were analyzed over the observation

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Perry, Stephanie L., Thomas L. Ortel, and Nicole L. Whitlatch. "Anti-heparin/platelet factor 4 antibody optical density values and the confirmatory procedure in the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 100, no. 10 (2008): 678–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th08-02-0118.

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SummaryLaboratory testing for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) includes the highly sensitive, though less specific, heparin/ platelet factor 4 (PF4) ELISA. A confirmatory test with excess heparin is routinely performed on positive ELISA results to improve test specificity; the significance of a negative confirmatory result is unknown. The aim was firstly to evaluate the clinical utility of the PF4 ELISA confirmatory assay, secondly to examine the relationship between ELISA optical density (OD) value and clinical diagnosis of HIT, and thirdly to assess current practice at a tertiary care

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Widya Pangesti, Silvi, Yoki Rahmat, and Bobi Handoko. "EFFICIENCY TEST OF COLLIMATOR SHUTTER AT THE X-RAY TUBE DIAGNOSTIC IN THE RADIOLOGY INSTALLATION OF ARIFIN ACHMAD HOSPITAL, RIAU PROVINCE." Medical Imaging and Radiation Protection Research (MIROR) Journal 1, no. 1 (2021): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54973/miror.v1i1.60.

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Kolimator merupakan alat pembatas radiasi yang umumnya digunakan pada radiografi, yang terdiri dari dari dua set penutup (shutter) timbal atau lempengan yang saling berhadapan dan bergerak dengan arah berlawanan secara berpasangan. Uji efisiensi bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil dan mengetahui efisiensi dari celah (shutter) kolimator pada pesawat sinar-x diagnostik. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian eksperimental langsung ke lapangan. Prosedur penelitian dilakukan sesuai dengan MENKES RI No. 1250 Tahun 2009, dengan menguji langsung celah (shutter) kolimator pesawat si

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Zainal Alam, Muhd Nazrul Hisham. "Evaluation of a Portable Arduino-based Mini Spectrometer Prototype for Cells Optical Density Measurement." Journal of Bioprocessing and Biomass Technology 2, no. 2 (2023): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/bioprocessing.v2n2.31.

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Cell optical density (OD) measurement is essential for tracking the progress of microbial fermentation processes. It is typically performed through a spectrophotometer at the wavelength of 600 nm. In this paper, a portable Arduino-based mini spectrometer prototype is presented. In the proposed prototype, a turbidity sensor was utilized to perform the optical density measurement of cells based on the Beer’s Lambert law. Differences on the light intensity from the excitation source and the collective point were correlated with the known cell concentration (using S. cerevisae yeast with concentra

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Fukue, Masaharu, Zbigniew Lechowicz, Yuichi Fujimori, Kentaro Emori, and Catherine N. Mulligan. "Inhibited and Retarded Behavior by Ca2+ and Ca2+/OD Loading Rate on Ureolytic Bacteria in MICP Process." Materials 16, no. 9 (2023): 3357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16093357.

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The estimation of optical density (OD) with viable cells is challenging for engineering purposes. In this study, the OD conversion based on previous study was used. The inhibited and retarded behavior of the microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) process was examined. The experimental results showed that high Ca2+ drastically influences the inhibited and retarded behavior on MICP processes. The analysis showed that the inhibition and retardation effects occurred when the Ca2+/OD loading rate exceeded 8.46 M. The critical value was equal to the proportional constant for obtaining ca

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Ritchie, Brianne M., Jean M. Connors, and Katelyn W. Sylvester. "Comparison of an IgG-Specific Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Cutoff of 0.4 Versus 0.8 and 1.0 Optical Density Units for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia." Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 23, no. 3 (2016): 282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1076029615606532.

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Background: Previous studies have demonstrated optimized diagnostic accuracy in utilizing higher antiheparin–platelet factor 4 (PF4) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) optical density (OD) thresholds for diagnosing heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). We describe the incidence of positive serotonin release assay (SRA) results, as well as performance characteristics, for antiheparin–PF4 ELISA thresholds ≥0.4, ≥0.8, and ≥1.0 OD units in the diagnosis of HIT at our institution. Methods: Following institutional review board approval, we conducted a single-center retrospective chart revie

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Ellsworth, M. L., R. N. Pittman, and C. G. Ellis. "Measurement of hemoglobin oxygen saturation in capillaries." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 252, no. 5 (1987): H1031—H1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1987.252.5.h1031.

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We present a computer-aided videodensitometric method for the determination of oxygen saturation in red blood cells flowing through capillaries of the hamster cheek pouch retractor muscle. The optical density (OD) of red blood cells is determined at two wavelengths. At the first, 431 nm, there is a maximum difference between absorption by oxygen deoxyhemoglobin. At the second, 420 nm, absorption is equal for the two absorbing species (isosbestic wavelength). In capillaries of the retractor muscle a relationship between oxygen saturation (S) and the following OD ratio was obtained as S = -1.71

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Martinez, Sarah, and Eric Déziel. "Changes in polyhydroxyalkanoate granule accumulation make optical density measurement an unreliable method for estimating bacterial growth in Burkholderia thailandensis." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 66, no. 3 (2020): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2019-0342.

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Optical density (OD) measurement is the standard method used in microbiology for estimating bacterial concentrations in cultures. However, most studies do not compare these measurements with viable cell counts and assume that they reflect the real cell concentration. Burkholderia thailandensis was recently identified as a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) producer. PHA biosynthesis seems to be coded by an orthologue of the Cupriavidus necator phaC gene. When growing cultures of wild-type strain E264 and an isogenic phaC mutant, we noted a difference in their OD600 values, although viable cell counts

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S, NAGALAKSHMI, CHEZHIYAN N, NANDAKUMAR N, and RAMESH T. "Quality variation in tamarind (Tamaindus indica L.) pulp during storage." Madras Agricultural Journal 89, December (2002): 601–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a00270.

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The tamarind pulp subjected to various treatments were assessed for their quality parameters during storage for a period of one year. Among the packaging materials assessed, deterioration in the pulp packed in aluminium foil was slow when ompared to polyethylene bags of 200, 300 and 800 gauge, 200 gauge polypropylene ag, porcelain and plastic container and mud pot packaging. The low (0.2569 OD) ptical density was recorded in pulp packed in aluminium foil, while in the conventional aud pot, the optical density was 0.3111 on 360th day of storage with acceptable quality. Among the additive treatm

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Maličev, Elvira, Marjeta Maček Kvanka, Polona Klemenc, and Primož Rožman. "The level of heparin-induced antibodies in correlation with the result of the flow cytometric functional assay in the patients with suspected HIT." Journal of Clinical Pathology 70, no. 12 (2017): 1084–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2017-204498.

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Heparin can induce the formation of antibodies against a heparin complex with a platelet factor 4 (PF4), leading to platelet activation and the development of heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia (HIT). Because screening ELISA does not discriminate between platelet activating and non-activating anti-heparin/PF4 antibodies, each positive result is confirmed by an additional functional assay. We analysed 1004 sera of patients with suspected HIT. Optical density (OD) values of ELISA-positive results were correlated with the risk for a positive result with our functional flow cytometric assay. Only 1

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Hammond, B. R., and J. E. Náñez. "A Possible Role for the Antioxidants Lutein and Zeaxanthin in Protecting against Age-Related Increases in Lens Density." Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (1997): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970269.

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Epidemiological data have identified a number of factors that influence risk of developing age-related cataract (ARC). For instance, factors that promote (eg smoking and light exposure) and factors that protect (eg antioxidants) against oxidative stress to the crystalline lens appear to increase and decrease risk of ARC, respectively. Although biochemical studies consistently support a protective role for antioxidants, the epidemiological data are inconsistent. Since ARC is a condition with a protracted latency period, it is possible that the inconsistencies present in the epidemiological lite

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Trenker, Corinna, Andreas Burchert, Christian Sebastian Michel, et al. "Pathological Hepatic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) Pattern in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (allo-SCT)." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (2018): 3359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-110479.

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Abstract Purpose: Veno-occlusive disease (VOD) is a severe complication of allogenic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). The diagnosis of VOD is often difficult and relies on clinical assessment and clinical chemistry. B-mode ultrasound (B-US) and color doppler sonography (CDS) are only of limited additional diagnostic value. We recently observed a patient with VOD, who revealed a pathologic hepatic CEUS pattern (reduced portal venous and parenchymal enhancement). Because CEUS is a measure of perfusion, this suggested that CEUS could potentially be a novel diagnostic tool of VOD (Trenker et

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Manarisip, Geraldin Ester, Fatimawali Fatimawa;i, and Henki Rotinsulu. "STANDARISASI EKSTRAK DAUN SIRIH HIJAU (Piper betle L.) DAN UJI ANTIBAKTERI TERHADAP BAKTERI Pseudomonas aeruginosa." PHARMACON 9, no. 4 (2020): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/pha.9.2020.31362.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the standardization of betel leaf extracts and determine the concentration of extracts that can inhibit bacteria. In this study, the extraction was carried out by the maceration method. The specific parameters were identity of the extracts, organoleptic test, levels of water, ethanol soluble compounds, and chemical content, meanwhile, the non-specific parameters were drying loss, moisture content, and specific gravity. The results of the standardization of specific parameters showed the name of the Green Betel leaf extract (Piper betle L.), organoleptic (th

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Khodanovich, Marina Y., Alena A. Kisel, Andrey E. Akulov, et al. "Quantitative assessment of demyelination in ischemic stroke in vivo using macromolecular proton fraction mapping." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 38, no. 5 (2018): 919–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x18755203.

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A recent MRI method, fast macromolecular proton fraction (MPF) mapping, was used to quantify demyelination in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat stroke model. MPF and other quantitative MRI parameters (T1, T2, proton density, and apparent diffusion coefficient) were compared with histological and immunohistochemical markers of demyelination (Luxol Fast Blue stain, (LFB)), neuronal loss (NeuN immunofluorescence), axonal loss (Bielschowsky stain), and inflammation (Iba1 immunofluorescence) in three animal groups ( n = 5 per group) on the 1st, 3rd, and 10th day after MCAO.

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Kochnieva, O. V., O. V. Kotsar та Y. M. Kalashnyk-Vakulenko. "SYNERGISTIC ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY BY COMBINING TERBINAFINE WITH BENZOYL PEROXIDE AGAINST САNDIDA ALBICANS AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS". Інфекційні хвороби, № 1 (29 березня 2023): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11603/1681-2727.2023.1.13924.

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The aim. To investigate the ability of microorganisms’ C. albicans and S. aureus to form biofilms. To evaluate the sensitivity of biofilms to combination of terbinafine and benzoyl peroxide on this association. Material and methods. The ability to form biofilms of microorganisms and the antimicrobial effect of the studied drugs was carried out on polystyrene plates for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The optical density (OD) of biofilms was measured at a wavelength of 545 nm on a biochemical analyzer. The viability of microorganisms was determined by counting the number of colony-form

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Li, Yufeng, Fangyuan Zheng, Baochao Fan, Hassan Mushtaq Muhammad, Yao Zou, and Ping Jiang. "Development of an indirect ELISA based on a truncated S protein of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 61, no. 11 (2015): 811–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2015-0213.

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Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a highly contagious, enteric disease of swine caused by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). To find a suitable ELISA method to assess the infection of PEDV and the effectiveness of vaccines, we developed and evaluated an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) based on a truncated recombinant spike (S) protein expressed in Escherichia coli. The parameters of the iELISA were optimized, and the cutoff value determined as 0.259 by analyzing optical density (OD) values of 80 PEDV negative sera confirmed by western blot. Repeatability tests rev

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Chen, Chih-Jung, Kuan-An Chen, Wei-Hung Kuo, et al. "P‐65: Strategic Realization of the Highest Possible Pixel Density for Quantum Dot Color Converter with Optimized Performance." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 54, no. 1 (2023): 1725–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.16934.

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The light extraction efficiency of QDCC (quantum dot color converter) is low when its aspect ratio (width to thickness ratio) of a subpixel is less than two, which causes the problem in their high‐resolution applications. Using QDPR (quantum dot photoresist) of high OD (optical density) values and PenTile subpixel arrangement, an apparent high‐resolution application is feasible, in which the QDCC film thickness is less than 2 μm. Further incorporation of yellow color filter film or color purified layer (CPL) on the QDCC film can optimize its optical performance. Theoretically, QDCC with pixel

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Koul, Rishu, E. Mahesh Gowda, Guruprasada Upadhyay, Deepak Kalia, Kamal Verma, and Parvinder Sharma. "Comparative Evaluation of Effect of Various Denture Hygiene Methods on Optical Density and Color Stability of Commercially Available Silicone Relining Materials: An In vitro Study." Journal of Interdisciplinary Dentistry 15, no. 1 (2025): 36–44. https://doi.org/10.4103/jid.jid_133_24.

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ABSTRACT Background: Denture hygiene methods like mechanical and/or chemical cleaning are commonly used for maintaining denture in clean and hygienic state. These methods influence the optical properties of commercially available silicone relining materials. Aim of the Study: The present study was performed to assess the effect of denture hygiene methods on optical properties, namely optical density (OD) and color stability (CIELAB) of commercially available silicone (heat and self-polymerizing) relining materials. Materials and Methods: The present study was an in vitro study undertaken at th

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Zhao, Bingxin, Depeng Li, Junjie Hao, Shang Li, Xue Bai, and Xiao Wei Sun. "P‐151: The Optimization of Quantum‐Dots Color Filter for Flexible Display Applications." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 55, no. 1 (2024): 1965–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.17978.

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This paper introduces a flexible and uniformly‐dispersed quantum dot (QD) color filter (QDCF) fabricated for micro‐LED by photolithography. We studied the condition of PET films and concentration of QDs, the optimized QDCF exhibited high quantum yield (QY) up to over 70%, and a high optical density (OD) over 1.2. The QY increased and then decreased with the increase of the concentration.

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Ilyazova, Ayla, Denica Blazheva, Aleksandar Slavchev, and Albert Krastanov. "In vitro simulation of the gastrointestinal tract environment and its interaction with probiotic lactobacilli." BIO Web of Conferences 45 (2022): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20224502003.

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The harshest conditions of the human gastrointestinal tract were simulated in order to study probiotic bacteria in their intended environment. Eight Lactobacillus strains were cultivated in MRS broth with added bile in different concentrations and their growth was monitored as optical density. The gathered data was used to determine the MIC of bile for each strain. The recovery of the strains in MRS broth after 3 h in simulated gastric juice solution (pH 1.8, 5000 U/cm3 pepsin) was investigated. Lactobacillus gasseri S20 exhibited the best survival rate and reached OD 600 0,490, while Lactobac

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Unal Turhan, Emel, and Esabil Emrah Koca. "Predictive Modeling for Inactivation of Escherichia coli Biofilm with Combined Treatment of Thermosonication and Organic Acid on Polystyrene Surface." Foods 13, no. 24 (2024): 4002. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13244002.

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The present study aimed to evaluate the antibiofilm effect of combined sonication treatment with organic acids on polystyrene surfaces and to develop a predictive model for the inactivation of Escherichia coli biofilms. Polystyrene plates containing E. coli biofilms were subjected to sonication using different inactivation solutions (PBS, lactic acid, and acetic acid) at varying temperatures (20 °C, 40 °C, and 50 °C) and durations (2 and 5 min). The effects of temperature, treatment duration, and inactivation solution on E. coli biofilm removal were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The

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Aidil Fadli Ilhamdy, Jumsurizal, and Darwin. "KULTIVASI SPIRULINA PLATENSIS MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA WALNE DALAM SKALA LABORATORIUM." Marinade 3, no. 02 (2020): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31629/marinade.v3i02.2731.

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This research was conducted in three stages: the first, prepared seawater to be sterilized for 2 days, which had been added with diluted chlorine and Na-thiosulfate. The second was preparation for cultivation on a small scale and for scale up on a large scale. The third was haversting Spirulina platensis when the cell density was at the peak of the growth curve (Optical density more than 0,5). The purpose of this study was to know the growth pattern of Spirulina platensis microalgae use walne media and to determine the ideal density of the microalgae growth until yhe haverst process. The resul

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Din, Fareen, Michael J. Kovacs, Ron Butler, and Alejandro Lazo-Langner. "Pitfalls of Clinical Diagnosis Strategies for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) After Cardiac Surgery (CS)." Blood 114, no. 22 (2009): 3516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.3516.3516.

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Abstract Abstract 3516 Poster Board III-453 Background HIT is an infrequent but potentially serious complication of heparin therapy. Its diagnosis is complex and depends on a combination of clinical suspicion and laboratory confirmation through ELISA and functional tests such as the serotonin release assay (SRA). The 4Ts score comprises 4 clinical parameters (severity and timing of onset of thrombocytopenia, development of thrombosis, and clinician's appraisal of the likelihood of alternate causes for thrombocytopenia) and has been proposed to predict the probability of HIT in patients deemed

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Liu, Yu. "A linearity test for thick specimens imaged by HVEM over a 180° angular range." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 552–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100087070.

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The image obtained in a transmission electron microscope is the two-dimensional projection of a three-dimensional (3D) object. The 3D reconstruction of the object can be calculated from a series of projections by back-projection, but this algorithm assumes that the image is linearly related to a line integral of the object function. However, there are two kinds of contrast in electron microscopy, scattering and phase contrast, of which only the latter is linear with the optical density (OD) in the micrograph. Therefore the OD can be used as a measure of the projection only for thin specimens w

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