Relevant bibliographies by topics / Optical detectors – Mathematical models

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Optical detectors – Mathematical models'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Optical detectors – Mathematical models"

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Kolobrodov, V. G., N. I. Lykholit, V. M. Tiagur, B. Yu Pinchuk, and M. M. Lutsiuk. "The distortion of images in remote sensing systems at arbitrary angles of sight." Kosmìčna nauka ì tehnologìâ 27, no. 3 (2021): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/knit2021.03.051.

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Background. The main problem in launching space optical and electronic viewing systems (OEVS) for remote sensing of the Earth can be regarded as their high price, which even the leading countries of the world are not always ready to pay. Therefore, the quality of spacecraft systems imposed the most stringent requirements. One of the economically expedient options to increase the efficiency of space OEVS is scanning the Earth’s surface at arbitrary angles of sighting, which allows for the same time of service life to collect more information, but this in turn leads to image distortion. Therefore, analysis of the resulting image quality depending on the angles of sighting of the OEVS is an actual task that will assess the capabilities of the system and its conformance with the established requirements. Objective. Improving the physical and mathematical model of the modulation transfer function of the system “lens – matrix detector” and the study of the dependence of spatial and radiometric resolution on the angles of sight for the space OEVS when the sighting axis deviates from the nadir. Methods. Based on the analysis of signal generation models for television and thermal imaging space OEVS, it is proposed to use the concept – the contrast gray body. In the physical and mathematical model, it is proposed normalize to the spatial frequencies of objects at different angles of sight to the spatial frequencies in the nadir, and to calculate the radiometric resolution take into account the transmission and rarefied of the atmosphere, the image movement speed on the detector and its integration time. Results. Practical results of calculations of the offered physical and mathematical model for space OEVS showed that at deviation from nadir the effective spatial bandwidth worsens and at the specified parameters of system it is inexpedient scanning at angles of sighting greater than 30º. Accordingly, a comparative analysis of radiometric resolution for different type of detectors showed that the use of a photonic detector gives ~1.4 times better resolution in the nadir as opposed to the use of thermal detector and almost identical results are obtained at maximum angles of sighting. Also, a significant impact is made by a decrease a coefficient of atmospheric transmittance due to the rarefied of the atmosphere, which reaches from 26% to 45% that depends on the spectral range. Conclusions. Analysis of the results of the study confirms the possibility that photonic detectors can be replaced by modern thermal detectors with insignificant loss of image quality of the resulting image, which can significantly increase the service life of space OEVS.
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Zhu, Tao. "Research and Simulation of Optical Measurement Model in Chemical Pollution of Water." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 1042–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.1042.

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Currently, the chemical pollution of water detection is mainly based on optical method. However, the optical detector is easily restricted by light and weather conditions. Optical measurement can be set on the target feature point, such as the laser reflection apparatus in laser measurement. This article applied the optical measurement method to research detection of water chemical pollution. Use theoretical and mathematical models of optical measurement method to perform the detection of chemical contamination in water. Optical measurement method is the trend of future development.
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Soteriades, Elpidoforos S., Loukas Petrokokkinos, Michael A. Talias, et al. "Environmental assessment of radon levels in Cyprus." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 27, no. 4 (2016): 407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-03-2015-0029.

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Purpose – Radon is responsible for approximately 50 per cent of public exposure to environmental radiation. The purpose of this paper is to quantitatively assess indoor radon levels in Cyprus. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 500 passive radon detectors were used to estimate radon levels in the areas of Nicosia (capital), Paphos, Nisou and Famagusta. A total of 240 different public and private buildings were randomly selected in the above districts and two passive radon detectors were placed inside each building. The detectors were collected on average, three months following placement. Findings – The average radon level from all passive detectors was 53.7 and 49.2 Bq/m3 after excluding the seven highest values. The two highest measurements were observed in Paphos, Tsada-Kili elementary school (429 Bq/m3) and Emba, Paphos district (410 Bq/m3), respectively. Differences were also seen in public buildings compared to private buildings (p=0.058). In addition, rural buildings had higher radon levels compared to urban buildings (p=0.001). Predictive multilevel regression models for logarithmic radon levels were employed and differences were seen on point estimates regarding building- and district-level radon measurements. Most of the random variability observed was due to building-level variation. Practical implications – Residents from different geographic areas in Cyprus are reassured about the safety of indoor radon levels in public and private buildings. Originality/value – The estimation of indoor radon levels was done by the optical microscopy technique using a specific mathematical formula. Observed radon levels do not raise concern regarding residents’ radon exposure in Cyprus. Paphos district and Nisou area may require further investigation.
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Hernandez-Martin, Estefania, and José Luis Gonzalez-Mora. "Diffuse optical tomography in the human brain: A briefly review from the neurophysiology to its applications." Brain Science Advances 6, no. 4 (2020): 289–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.26599/bsa.2020.9050014.

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The present work describes the use of noninvasive diffuse optical tomography (DOT) technology to measure hemodynamic changes, providing relevant information which helps to understand the basis of neurophysiology in the human brain. Advantages such as portability, direct measurements of hemoglobin state, temporal resolution, non‐restricted movements as occurs in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) devices mean that DOT technology can be used in research and clinical fields. In this review we covered the neurophysiology, physical principles underlying optical imaging during tissue‐light interactions, and technology commonly used during the construction of a DOT device including the source‐detector requirements to improve the image quality. DOT provides 3D cerebral activation images due to complex mathematical models which describe the light propagation inside the tissue head. Moreover, we describe briefly the use of Bayesian methods for raw DOT data filtering as an alternative to linear filters widely used in signal processing, avoiding common problems such as the filter selection or a false interpretation of the results which is sometimes due to the interference of background physiological noise with neural activity.
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JUNG, GU-IN, JI-SUN KIM, TAE-HEE LEE, et al. "FIBER-OPTIC GONIOMETER FOR MEASURING JOINT ANGLES." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 14, no. 06 (2014): 1440014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519414400144.

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Measuring joint angles is an important task for therapists to monitor and evaluate a patient's recovery progress. A fiber-optic goniometer with modified fiber tips was developed and employed to measure joint angles. The effects of the fiber tip's angle in various off-center positions of the detector on the output beam pattern were investigated. The proper combination of these variables increased the measuring range of joint angles with asymmetric light signals from the modified fiber tips. With inverse mathematical models and LabVIEW computer program, the joint angle was obtained and displayed in real time. The reference joint angle correlated well with the calculated output angle over the test range. This method can be used not only in hospitals and laboratories, but also at home, with a simple and cost-effective optical sensor. This method can be applied in the field of rehabilitation and sports science.
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XIE, G. Z., H. T. LIU, G. W. CHA, et al. "SEVERAL OBSERVED FEATURES AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR GAMMA-RAY-LOUD BLAZAR PKS 1510-089." International Journal of Modern Physics D 14, no. 07 (2005): 1173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271805006742.

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The new results of spectrophotometry, and X-ray imaging spectroscopy observations for the high-polarization, radio-loud and Gev gamma-ray-loud blazar PKS 1510-089 have been observed. The main results show that: (1) A double-horned broad Hβ line in the spectrum of PKS 1510-089 has been discovered. The Hβ double-peaked emission profiles are impressive with the line asymmetry that the red peak seems to be higher than the blue peak; (2) The observation of X-rays, performed with the ACIS-S detector aboard the Chandra X-ray observatory, led to the discovery of a bending X-ray jet, coincident with the radio arcsecond jet of PKS 1510-089; (3) According to the reverberation mapping method and the empirical relation between the broad line region (BLR) size and the optical continuum luminosity at 5100 Å (the rest frame), we obtained the Virial mass of the central primary black hole, which coincides with our previous result by extremely rapid optical variability method. In addition, based on these new observational results mentioned above and the other previous observations, we have discussed the theoretical models for PKS 1510-089.
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Ostroff, Rachel M., Diana Maul, Gregory R. Bogart, et al. "Fixed polarizer ellipsometry for simple and sensitive detection of thin films generated by specific molecular interactions: applications in immunoassays and DNA sequence detection." Clinical Chemistry 44, no. 9 (1998): 2031–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/44.9.2031.

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Abstract Biological thin films may form on a surface by specific molecular interactions. The fixed polarizer ellipsometer (FPE) is a sensitive instrument that detects biological thin films either qualitatively or quantitatively. The design is simple and inexpensive. The assays are formatted on an optical surface, and the FPE detection is based on the phase shift of linearly polarized light after reflection through a thin film. We have constructed mathematical models of the FPE response to reflection through single-layer and two-layer films that agree closely with experimental data. Several biological assays have been measured with the FPE to demonstrate the application of this technology to clinical targets, including ultrasensitive immunoassays for hepatitis B surface antigen (0.1 ng/mL) and α-fetoprotein (0.01 ng/mL) and DNA hybridization (0.5 fmol/μL target probe). A clinical study for detection of group A streptococcus from patient throat swabs demonstrated the qualitative application of the FPE to infectious disease targets. The flexibility and sensitivity of the FPE makes this technology suitable for numerous target analytes and applications.
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Drake, G., W. S. Fernando, R. W. Stanek, and D. G. Underwood. "Modulator based high bandwidth optical readout for HEP detectors." Journal of Instrumentation 8, no. 02 (2013): C02023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/8/02/c02023.

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Кисляковский, Oleg Kislyakovsky, Чистякова, et al. "Automatic Flaw Detector Channels Sensitivity Adjustment with the Use of an Adaptive Threshold." NDT World 19, no. 3 (2016): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21179.

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Introduction. With high-speed total ultrasonic testing (UT) of the rails, the urgent task is to provide the required testing sensitivity under the impact of a significant number of adverse factors caused by the following reasons:
  unstable acoustic contact;
  incorrect flaw detector channel settings due to underskilled staff;
  a misalignment, for example when passing a small radius curve or when rails have significant lateral wear.
 The listed factors lead to level changing of echo signals within a wide dynamic range as well as to echo amplitudes ratio changing of useful and noise signals. In contrast to manual testing when an operator has the possibility of multiple scanning, total rails testing by a mobile diagnostic system is fulfilled by only a single scan.
 The objective of the work was to develop an optimal algorithm of flaw detector channels sensitivity adjustment and formulate the reasonable requirements for a mathematical model and hardware.
 Method. Theoretical researches and experimental work were conducted and resulted in the development of a multichannel flaw detector for inspection of rails by mobile means. The analysis of different mathematical models has enabled the optimal algorithm for automatic channels sensitivity adjustment to be developed.
 Results. The developed algorithm has allowed minimizing the impact of the negative factors and compensating the sensitivity to the level that enables high-speed single-scan rails testing to be fulfilled and maximum information at a high level of reliability to be recorded. Implementation of the adaptive threshold principle has made it possible to develop and offer the technique and technology for automatic flaw detector channels sensitivity adjustment.
 Conclusion. The offered technique and technology can be fully put into practice with the developed flaw detector and its control software.
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Li, C., C. Q. Feng, D. Y. Zhu, S. B. Liu, and Q. An. "An optical fiber-based flexible readout system for micro-pattern gas detectors." Journal of Instrumentation 13, no. 04 (2018): P04013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/13/04/p04013.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Optical detectors – Mathematical models"

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Furness, Charles Zachary. "Parameter identification of a flexible beam using a modal domain optical fiber sensor." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42058.

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<p>An optical fiber sensor is used for identification of a cantilevered beam under conditions of various concentrated mass loadings. A model of the sensor as well as the dynamic system is developed and used to test the reliability of the identification. Input/output data from an experiment is gathered and used in the identification. A survey of the existing areas of damage detection and parameter identification is included, along with suggestions for incorporating fiber optic sensors into existing techniques. The goal of this research was to show that the fiber sensor can be used for identification purposes, and that it is sensitive to parameter changes within the system (in this case concentrated mass changes).</p><br>Master of Science
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Franceschiello, Benedetta. "Cortical based mathematical models of geometric optical illusions." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066131/document.

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Cette thèse présente des modèles mathématiques pour la perception visuelle et s'occupe des phénomènes où on reconnait une brèche entre ce qui est représenté et ce qui est perçu. La complétion amodale consiste en percevoir un complètement d'un object qui est partiellement occlus, en opposition avec la complétion modale, dans laquelle on perçoit un object même si ses contours ne sont pas présents dans l'image [Gestalt, 99]. Ces contours, appelés illusoires, sont reconstruits par notre système visuelle et ils sont traités par les cortex visuels primaires (V1/V2) [93]. Des modèles géométriques de l'architecture fonctionnelle de V1 on le retrouve dans le travail de Hoffman [86]. Dans [139] Petitot propose un modèle pour le complètement de contours, équivalent neurale du modèle proposé par Mumford [125]. Dans cet environnement Citti et Sarti introduisent un modèle basé sur l'architecture fonctionnelle de la cortex visuel [28], qui justifie les illusions à un niveau neurale et envisage un modèle neuro-géometrique pour V1. Une autre classe sont les illusions d'optique géométriques (GOI), découvertes dans le XIX siècle [83, 190], qui apparaissent en présence d'une incompatibilité entre ce qui est présent dans l'espace object et le percept. L'idée fondamentale développée ici est que les GOIs se produisent suite à une polarisation de la connectivité de V1/V2, responsable de l'illusion. A partir de [28], où la connectivité qui construit les contours en V1 est modelée avec une métrique sub-Riemannian, on étend cela en disant que pour le GOIs la réponse corticale du stimule initial module la connectivité, en devenant un coefficient pour la métrique. GOIs seront testés avec ce modèle<br>This thesis presents mathematical models for visual perception and deals with such phenomena in which there is a visible gap between what is represented and what we perceive. A phenomenon which drew the interest most is amodal completion, consisting in perceiving a completion of a partially occluded object, in contrast with the modal completion, where we perceive an object even though its boundaries are not present [Gestalt theory, 99]. Such boundaries reconstructed by our visual system are called illusory contours, and their neural processing is performed by the primary visual cortices (V1/V2), [93]. Geometric models of the functional architecture of primary visual areas date back to Hoffman [86]. In [139] Petitot proposed a model of single boundaries completion through constraint minimization, neural counterpart of the model of Mumford [125]. In this setting Citti and Sarti introduced a cortical based model [28], which justifies the illusions at a neural level and provides a neurogeometrical model for V1. Another class of phenomena are Geometric optical illusions (GOIs), discovered in the XIX century [83, 190], arising in presence of a mismatch of geometrical properties between an item in object space and its associated percept. The fundamental idea developed here is these phenomena arise due to a polarization of the connectivity of V1/V2, responsible for the misperception. Starting from [28] in which the connectivity building contours in V1 is modeled as a sub-Riemannian metric, we extend it claiming that in GOIs the cortical response to the stimulus modulates the connectivity of the cortex, becoming a coefficient for the metric. GOIs will be tested through this model
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CHENG, YEOU-YEN. "MULTIPLE-WAVELENGTH PHASE SHIFTING INTERFEROMETRY (OPTICAL-TESTING, ASPHERIC SURFACE)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187928.

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The problems of combining ideas of phase shifting interferometry (PSI) and synthetic-wavelength techniques to extend the phase measurement range of conventional single-wavelength PSI are investigated. This combination of PSI and synthetic-wavelengths gives multiple-wavelength phase-shifting interferometry the advantages of: (1) larger phase measurement range and (2) higher accuracy of phase measurement. Advantages, error sources, and limitations of single-wavelength PSI are discussed. Some practical methods to calibrate the piezoelectric transducer (PZT), used to phase shift the reference beam, are presented with experimental results. Two methods of two-wavelength PSI are used to solve the 2π ambiguity problem of single-wavelength PSI. For the first method, two sets of phase data (with 2π ambiguities) for shorter wavelengths are calculated and stored in the computer which calculates the new phase data for the equivalent-wavelength λ(eq). The "error magnification effect," which reduces the measurement precision of the first method, is then investigated. The second, more accurate method, uses the results of the first method as a reference to correct the 2π ambiguities in the single-wavelength phase data. Experimental results are included to confirm theoretical predictions. The enhancement of two-wavelength PSI is investigated, and requires the phase data of a third wavelength. Experiments are performed to verify the capability of multiple-wavelength PSI. For the wavefront being measured, the difference of the optical-path-difference (OPD) between adjacent pixels is as large as 3.3 waves. After temporal averaging of five sets of data, the repeatability of the measurement is better than 2.5 nm (0.0025%) rms (λ = 632.8 nm). This work concludes with recommendations for future work that should make the MWLPSI a more practical technique for the testing of steep aspheric surfaces.
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HAMMEL, STEPHEN MARK. "A DISSIPATIVE MAP OF THE PLANE--A MODEL FOR OPTICAL BISTABILITY (DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188149.

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We analyze a dissipative map of the plane. The map was initially defined by Ikeda as a model for bistable behavior in an optical ring cavity. Our analysis is based upon an examination of attracting sets and basins of attraction. The primary tools utilized in the analysis are stable and unstable manifolds of fixed and periodic saddle points. These manifolds determine boundaries of basins of attraction, and the extent and evolution of attracting sets. We perform extensive numerical iterations of the map with a central focus on sudden changes in the topological nature of attractors and basins. Our analysis concentrates on the destruction of the lower branch attractor as a prominent example of attractor/basin interaction. This involves an examination of a possible link between two fixed points L and M, namely the heteroclinic connection Wᵘ(L) ∩ Wˢ(M) ≠ 0. We use two different methods to approach this question. Although the Ikeda map is used as the working model throughout, both of the techniques apply to a more general class of dissipative maps satisfying certain hypotheses. The first of these techniques analyzes Wˢ(M) when Wᵘ(M) ∩ Wˢ(M) ≠ 0, with the result that Wˢ(M) is found to invade some minimum limiting region for Wᵘ(M) ∩ Wˢ(M) ≠ 0 arbitrarily close to tangency. The second approach is more topological in nature. We define a mesh of subregions to bridge the spatial gap between the points L and M, and concentrate on the occurrence of Wᵘ(L) ∩ Wˢ(M) ≠ 0 (destruction of the attractor). The first main result is a necessary condition for the heteroclinic connection in terms of the behavior of the map on these subregions. The second result is a sequence of sufficient conditions for this link. There remains a gap between these two conditions, and in the final sections we present numerical investigations indicating that the concept of intersection links between subregions is useful to resolve cases near the boundary of the destruction region.
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Zhang, Bo. "Design, modelling and simulation of a novel micro-electro-mechanical gyroscope with optical readouts." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1101.

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Thesis (MTech (Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007<br>Micro Electro-Machnical Systems (MEMS) applications are fastest development technology present. MEMS processes leverage mainstream IC technologies to achieve on chip sensor interface and signal processing circuitry, multi-vendor accessibility, short design cycles, more on-chip functions and low cost. MEMS fabrications are based on thin-film surface microstructures, bulk micromaching, and LIGA processes. This thesis centered on developing optical micromaching inertial sensors based on MEMS fabrication technology which incorporates bulk Si into microstructures. Micromachined inertial sensors, consisting of the accelerometers and gyroscopes, are one of the most important types of silicon-based sensors. Microaccelerometers alone have the second largest sales volume after pressure sensors, and it is believed that gyroscopes will soon be mass produced at the similar volumes occupied by traditional gyroscopes. A traditional gyroscope is a device for measuring or maintaining orientation, based on the principle of conservation of angular momentum. The essence of the gyroscope machine is a spinning wheel on an axle. The device, once spinning, tends to resist changes to its orientation due to the angular momentum of the wheel. In physics this phenomenon is also known as gyroscopic inertia or rigidity in space. The applications are limited by the huge volume. MEMS Gyroscopes, which are using the MEMS fabrication technology to minimize the size of gyroscope systems, are of great importance in commercial, medical, automotive and military fields. They can be used in cars for ASS systems, for anti-roll devices and for navigation in tall buildings areas where the GPS system might fail. They can also be used for the navigation of robots in tunnels or pipings, for leading capsules containing medicines or diagnostic equipment in the human body, or as 3-D computer mice. The MEMS gyroscope chips are limited by high precision measurement because of the unprecision electrical readout system. The market is in need for highly accurate, high-G-sustainable inertial measuring units (IMU's). The approach optical sensors have been around for a while now and because of the performance, the mall volume, the simplicity has been popular. However the production cost of optical applications is not satisfaction with consumer. Therefore, the MEMS fabrication technology makes the possibility for the low cost and micro optical devices like light sources, the waveguide, the high thin fiber optical, the micro photodetector, and vary demodulation measurement methods. Optic sensors may be defined as a means through which a measurand interacts with light guided in an optical fiber (an intrinsic sensor) or guided to (and returned from) an interaction region (an extrinsic sensor) by an optical fiber to produce an optical signal related to the parameter of interest. During its over 30 years of history, fiber optic sensor technology has been successfully applied by laboratories and industries worldwide in the detection of a large number of mechanical, thermal, electromagnetic, radiation, chemical, motion, flow and turbulence of fluids, and biomedical parameters. The fiber optic sensors provided advantages over conventional electronic sensors, of survivability in harsh environments, immunity to Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI), light weight, small size, compatibility with optical fiber communication systems, high sensitivity for many measurands, and good potential of multiplexing. In general, the transducers used in these fiber optic sensor systems are either an intensity-modulator or a phase-modulator. The optical interferometers, such as Mach-Zehnder, Michelson, Sagnac and Fabry-Perot interferometers, have become widely accepted as a phase modulator in optical sensors for the ultimate sensitivity to a range of weak signals. According to the light source being used, the interferometric sensors can be simply classified as either a coherence interferometric sensor if a the interferometer is interrogated by a coherent light source, such as a laser or a monochromatic light, or a lowcoherence interferometric sensor when a broadband source a light emitting diode (LED) or a superluminescent diode (SLD), is used. This thesis proposed a novel micro electro-mechanical gyroscope system with optical interferometer readout system and fabricated by MEMS technology, which is an original contribution in design and research on micro opto-electro-mechanical gyroscope systems (MOEMS) to provide the better performances than the current MEMS gyroscope. Fiber optical interferometric sensors have been proved more sensitive, precision than other electrical counterparts at the measurement micro distance. The MOMES gyroscope system design is based on the existing successful MEMS vibratory gyroscope and micro fiber optical interferometer distances sensor, which avoid large size, heavy weight and complex fabrication processes comparing with fiber optical gyroscope using Sagnac effect. The research starts from the fiber optical gyroscope based on Sagnac effect and existing MEMS gyroscopes, then moving to the novel design about MOEMS gyroscope system to discuss the operation principles and the structures. In this thesis, the operation principles, mathematics models and performances simulation of the MOEMS gyroscope are introduced, and the suitable MEMS fabrication processes will be discussed and presented. The first prototype model will be sent and fabricated by the manufacture for the further real time performance testing. There are a lot of inventions, further research and optimize around this novel MOEMS gyroscope chip. In future studying, the research will be putted on integration three axis Gyroscopes in one micro structure by optical sensor multiplexing principles, and the new optical devices like more powerful light source, photosensitive materials etc., and new demodulation processes, which can improve the performance and the interface to co-operate with other inertial sensors and navigation system.
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Tchikanda, Serge William. "Modeling for high-speed high-strength precision optical fiber drawing." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20051.

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Fugita, Romário Keiti Pizzatto. "Prior de regularização para problema de demosaicing com aplicação em CFA’s variados." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1841.

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CNPq<br>Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma nova proposta aos algoritmos de Demosaicing existentes, utilizando uma abordagem mais flexível quanto ao uso do Color filter array (CFA) em imagens coloridas de único sensor. O algoritmo proposto tem como base a estrutura de problemas inversos, cujo funcionamento utiliza um modelo de operação matriz-vetor que é adaptável ao CFA empregado. A partir deste conceito, o algoritmo trata o problema de Demosaicing como o de minimização de função custo, com um termo referente à dependência da estimativa com os dados obtidos e com o modelo de captura, o outro termo é relacionado aos conhecimentos observados em imagens que podem ser explorados para uma estimativa mais precisa, tal elemento é chamado de Prior. A proposta estabelecida tem como base algoritmos de regularização com foco na alta correlação presente entre os canais de cor (R, G e B), e na suavidade local de regiões uniformes, essa base formaliza o Prior empregado no trabalho. A minimização da proposta é atingida iterativamente através do IRLS-CG, que é a combinação de dois algoritmos de minimização eficientes, que apresenta rápidas respostas, e a capacidade de trabalhar com a norma L1 em conjunto com a norma L2. Com o intuito de atestar a qualidade do algoritmo proposto, foi elaborado um experimento em que o mesmo foi testado com diferentes CFAs e em situação com ruído gaussiano de 35dB e sem ruído algum em imagens da base de dados da Kodak, e os resultados comparados com algoritmos do estado-da-arte, no qual o desempenho da proposta apresentou resultados excelentes, inclusive em CFAs que destoam do padrão Bayer, que é o mais comumente usado na atualidade.<br>This research presents a new proposal to Demosaicing algorithms, using a more flexible approach to deal with the Color filter array (CFA) in single sensor color imaging. The proposed algorithm is structured in the inverse problems model, whose functions employ a CFA adaptive matrix-vector operational model. From this concept, the Demosaicing problem is treated as a cost function minimization with two terms, one referring to the dependence between the estimation and the data provided by the acquisition model, and other term related to features observed in images, which can be explored to form a more precise estimation, this last term is known as Prior. The established proposal is applied in regularization algorithms with focus on the high correlation among color channels (R, G, and B), and in the local smoothness of uniform regions. Both characteristics organize the Prior employed in this work. The minimization proposed is iteratively achieved through IRLS-CG, which is the combination of two efficient minimization algorithms, that presents quick responses, and the capacity to deal with L1 and L2 norm at the same time. The quality of the proposed algorithm is verified in an experiment in which varous CFA were used and a situation with 35dB gaussian noise and another one with no noise applied to the Kodak dataset, and the results were compared with state-of-the-art algorithms, in which the performance of the proposed Prior showed excellent results, including when the CFA is different from Bayer’s, which is the most commonly used pattern.
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McGarry, Stephen. "Irradiated silicon particle detectors." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369468.

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Bergstrom, Peter D. Jr. "Markov chain models for all-optical shared memory packet switches." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15361.

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Chou, Chia-Peng. "A mathematical model of building daylighting based on first principles of astrometry, solid geometry and optical radiation transfer." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82904.

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There is a growing recognition in design professions that lighting is a significant factor in energy consideration. This has generated an interest in daylighting; the bringing of direct and diffuse daylight into buildings to reduce the use of artificial lighting. Many methods exist for quantifying diffuse daylight distribution for use in the design of buildings, but the methods vary widely both in technique and capability. Moreover, no present method deals with direct daylight (sunshine) distribution. Additionally, none have taken advantage of improvements in computer technology that make feasible more complex mathematical computational models for dealing with direct and diffuse daylight together. This dissertation describes the theoretical development and computer implementation of a new mathematical approach to analyzing the distribution of direct and diffuse daylight. This approach examines light transfer from extraterrestrial space to the inside of a room based on the principles of astrometry, solid geometry, and radiation transfer. This study discusses and analyzes certain aspects critical to develop a mathematical model for evaluating daylight performance and compares the results of the proposed model with 48 scale model studies to determine the validity of using this mathematical model to predict the daylight distribution of a room. Subsequent analysis revealed no significant variation between scale model studies and this computer simulation. Consequently, this mathematical model with the attendant computer program, has demonstrated the ability to predict direct and diffuse daylight distribution. Thus, this approach does indeed have the potential for allowing designers to predict the effect of daylight performance in the schematic design stage. A microcomputer program has been developed to calculate the diffuse daylight distribution. The computation procedures of the program use the proposed mathematical model method. The program was developed with a menu-driven format, where the input data can be easily chosen, stored, and changed to determine the effects of different parameters. Results can be obtained through two formats. One data format provides complete material for analyzing the aperture size and location, glass transmission, reflectance factors, and room orientation. The other provides the graphic displays which represent the illuminance in plan, section, and 3-dimensional contour. The program not only offers a design tool for determining the effects of various daylighting options quickly and accurately in the early design stage, but also presents the daylight distribution with less explanation and with more rapid communication with the clients. The program is written in BASICA language and can be used with the IBM microcomputer system.<br>Ph. D.
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Books on the topic "Optical detectors – Mathematical models"

1

Adamovsky, Grigory. Intensity to frequency conversion technique in intensity modulated fiber optic sensing systems. NASA, 1990.

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Nonlinear filtering and optimal phase tracking. Springer, 2012.

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Jepson, Allan D. Mixture models for optical flow computation. University of Toronto, Dept. of Computer Science, 1993.

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Daniela, Milovic, and Edwards Matthew (Thomas Matthew), eds. Mathematical theory of dispersion-managed optical solitons. Springer, 2010.

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Akira, Hasegawa. Solitons in optical communications. Clarendon Press, 1995.

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Optical waveguide analysis. McGraw-Hill, 1992.

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Stroup, David W. Evaluating thermal fire detection systems (SI units). U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1986.

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Stroup, David W. Evaluating thermal fire detection systems (SI units). National Bureau of Standards, 1986.

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Stroup, David W. Evaluating thermal fire detection systems (English units). U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1986.

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Kimmel, Jyrki. Modeling of optical waveguide biosensor structures. Technical Research Centre of Finland, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Optical detectors – Mathematical models"

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Karp, Sherman, Robert M. Gagliardi, Steven E. Moran, and Larry B. Stotts. "Mathematical Models for Energy Propagation in the Optical Scatter Channel." In Optical Channels. Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0806-3_7.

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Franceschiello, Benedetta, Alessandro Sarti, and Giovanna Citti. "Mathematical Models of Visual Perception for the Analysis of Geometrical Optical Illusions." In Mathematical and Theoretical Neuroscience. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68297-6_9.

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Yamamoto, Watalu, Chiharu Kumazaki, and Kazuyuki Suzuki. "Estimation of Archival Lifetime Distribution for Writable Optical Disks from Accelerated Testings." In Mathematical and Statistical Models and Methods in Reliability. Birkhäuser Boston, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8176-4971-5_24.

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Pacifici, Fabio, Georgios K. Ouzounis, Lionel Gueguen, Giovanni Marchisio, and William J. Emery. "Very High Spatial Resolution Optical Imagery: Tree-Based Methods and Multi-temporal Models for Mining and Analysis." In Mathematical Models for Remote Sensing Image Processing. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66330-2_3.

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Thomas, Michael E. "Optical Propagation in Solids." In Optical Propagation in Linear Media. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195091618.003.0013.

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This chapter emphasizes the linear optical properties of solids as a function of frequency and temperature. Such information is basic to understanding the performance of optical fibers, lenses, dielectric and metallic mirrors, window materials, thin films, and solid-state photonic devices in general. Optical properties are comprehensively covered in terms of mathematical models of the complex index of refraction based on those discussed in Chapters 4 and 5. Parameters for these models are listed in Appendix 4. A general review of solid-state properties precedes this development because the choice of an optical material requires consideration of thermal, mechanical, chemical, and physical properties as well. This section introduces the classification of optical materials and surveys other material properties that must be considered as part of total optical system design involving solidstate optics. Solid-state materials can be classified in several ways. The following are relevant to optical materials. Three general classes of solids are insulators, semiconductors, and metals. Insulators and semiconductors are used in a variety of ways, such as lenses, windows materials, fibers, and thin films. Semiconductors are used in electrooptic devices and optical detectors. Metals are used as reflectors and high-pass filters in the ultraviolet. This type of classification is a function of the material’s electronic bandgap. Materials with a large room-temperature bandgap (Eg &gt; 3eV) are insulators. Materials with bandgaps between 0 and 3 eV are semiconductors. Metals have no observable bandgap because the conduction and valence bands overlap. Optical properties change drastically from below the bandgap, where the medium is transparent, to above the bandgap, where the medium is highly reflective and opaque. Thus, knowledge of its location is important. Appendix 4 lists the bandgaps of a wide variety of optical materials. To characterize a medium within the region of transparency requires an understanding of the mechanisms of low-level absorption and scattering. These mechanisms are classified as intrinsic or extrinsic. Intrinsic properties are the fundamental properties of a perfect material, caused by lattice vibrations, electronic transitions, and so on, of the atoms composing the material.
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Prather, Dennis W., Mark S. Mirotznik, and Shouyuan Shi. "5. Electromagnetic Models for Finite Aperiodic Diffractive Optical Elements." In Mathematical Modeling in Optical Science. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1.9780898717594.ch5.

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"Some Physical Models and Mathematical Algorithms Used in Modeling the Optical Performance of LCDs." In Modeling and Optimization of LCD Optical Performance. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118706749.ch7.

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Kumarasamy, Umamaheswari, G. V. Shrichandran, and A. Vedanth Srivatson. "Diffuse Optical Tomography System in Soft Tissue Tumor Detection." In Digital Image Processing - Advances and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98708.

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Topical review of recent trends in Modeling and Regularization methods of Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT) system promotes the optimization of the forward and inverse modeling methods which provides a 3D cauterization at a faster rate of 40frames/second with the help of a laser torch as a hand-held device. Analytical, Numerical and Statistical methods are reviewed for forward and inverse models in an optical imaging modality. The advancement in computational methods is discussed for forward and inverse models along with Optimization techniques using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Artificial Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The studies carried on optimization techniques offers better spatial resolution which improves quality and quantity of optical images used for morphological tissues comparable to breast and brain in Near Infrared (NIR) light. Forward problem is based on the location of sources and detectors solved statistically by Monte Carlo simulations. Inverse problem or closeness in optical image reconstruction is moderated by different regularization techniques to improve the spatial and temporal resolution. Compared to conventional methods the ANFIS structure of optimization for forward and inverse modeling provides early detection of Malignant and Benign tumor thus saves the patient from the mortality of the disease. The ANFIS technique integrated with hardware provides the dynamic 3D image acquisition with the help of NIR light at a rapid rate. Thereby the DOT system is used to continuously monitor the Oxy and Deoxyhemoglobin changes on the tissue oncology.
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Conference papers on the topic "Optical detectors – Mathematical models"

1

Chapsky, Vladimir, Vladimir Portman, and Ben-Zion Sandler. "6-DOF Single-Inertial Mass, Isotropic Accelerometer With Optical Displacement Sensors." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95121.

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A novel design of high isotropy single mass six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) accelerometer has been developed and investigated. In the accelerometer, six spatial coordinates (three linear and three angular) of the inertial mass and their derivatives are observed by simple measurement of linear displacements of six optimally chosen points of the inertial mass. Calculation of the six acceleration components is then possible according to a specially developed mathematical algorithm. To provide the isotropy of the device’s sensitivity and to achieve the accuracy in the measurement of the linear and angular accelerations, three subsystems of the device — inertial, suspension, and measurement subsystems — have a spatially symmetrical structure. To provide the symmetrical structure of the inertial subsystem, the proof mass is manufactured from uniform material and has a cubic shape. All structural cavities in this cube (light guides and a light source cavity) are symmetrical relative to three coordinate axes. To provide the symmetry of suspension subsystem 24 elastic supports (springs) are mounted by three in all vertexes of the cube in the directions of X-, Y- and Z-axes. The springs have the same dimensions and stiffness. The damping elements (the rubber insets) are inserted into the springs. They are made of the same material and have the identical dimension. The measurement subsystem consists of six differential optical displacement sensors and the light source which is mounted in the center of the cube. Each optical sensor is based on three-component position-sensitive detectors (PSD) of a segmented type. This design ensures output signals that are independent of fluctuations in light source brightness and of optical and electromagnetic interferences. Optical sensors are mounted on the frame of the accelerometer and situated symmetrically opposite to the centers of the square faces of the cube. Six orts of measurement directions form three orthogonal pairs. The experimental model of isotropic 6-DOF accelerometer with differential optical measurement subsystem is manufactured, adjusted and tested. For this purpose the experimental apparatus consisting of the stand with standard accelerometers and computer-controlled data gathering and analysis system (multi-channel amplifier, analog-digital converter and LabView software system) is developed. The preliminary experiment results show that proposed device has high level of signal isotropy and it is hoped to have a good perspective for industrial application were it can replace the complex gyroscopic and combined multi-axis devices.
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Slosser, John, and Joseph H. Nonnast. "Statistical models of gamma noise in infrared detectors." In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, edited by Edward W. Taylor. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.454653.

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Pfab, Jonathan F., Brian Vick, J. Robert Mahan, and Kory Priestley. "Thermal Analysis of the Sensor in a Radiation Budget Instrument." In ASME 2017 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2017-4797.

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Earth radiation budget instruments (RBI) are devices designed to study global climate change. These instruments use telescopes mounted on low earth orbit satellites to measure emitted and reflected solar radiation from the earth. Radiation is measured by virtue of temperature changes caused by absorbed radiation from the earth scans on the surface of a delicate gold-black detector. In this paper a thermal model of the detector in a typical radiation budget instrument is formulated. A numerical solution is developed using a complex model building procedure. The idea is to split complex physical processes into simpler, individual physical processes. The basic procedure is to solve for each individual physical process in a numerically stable and efficient manner, and then assemble these processes in a cascading sequence to form a complete numerical solution of a complex model. The major advantage is that complicated mathematical models can be solved as a sequence of much simpler and less computationally intensive processes. Parameter studies are performed on the numerical accuracy, conduction effects, initial conditions, boundary conditions due to contact with adjoining surfaces, radiation exchange with surfaces optically visible to the detector, and the volumetric heat source due to absorbed radiation from the earth scene. Extremely accurate temperature predictions are required due to the low signal to noise ratio. It is found that predictions are most sensitive to the amount and distribution of irradiation on the detector surface, which is computed independently using a Monte Carlo ray trace method.
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Yatsenko, Vitaliy A. "Functional structure of the cryogenic optical sensor and mathematical models of signal." In Optical Science and Technology, SPIE's 48th Annual Meeting, edited by James B. Heaney and Lawrence G. Burriesci. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.505072.

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Sahnow, David J., Charles W. Bowers, Oswald H. W. Siegmund, Joseph M. Stock, and Mark A. Gummin. "FUSE microchannel plate detectors: models and data for resolution at the pore limit." In Optical Engineering and Photonics in Aerospace Sensing, edited by Pierre Y. Bely and James B. Breckinridge. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.158783.

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Andersen, Anders H., William S. Rayens, Ren-Cang Li, and Lee X. Blonder. "Mathematical problems in the application of multilinear models to facial emotion processing experiments." In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, edited by David C. Wilson, Hemant D. Tagare, Fred L. Bookstein, Francoise J. Preteux, and Edward R. Dougherty. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.402429.

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Romanovsky, Yury M., Alexander V. Priezzhev, Dimitry A. Pavlov, and Vladimir A. Teplov. "Optical diagnostics and mathematical models of intracellular protoplasmic mobility in amoeboid cells." In Photonics West '96, edited by Daniel L. Farkas, Robert C. Leif, Alexander V. Priezzhev, Toshimitsu Asakura, and Bruce J. Tromberg. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.239537.

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Lan, Fei, Franco Stellari, Andrea Bahgat Shehata, and Peilin Song. "Extending the Resolution of Emission Images beyond Diffraction Limits Using Deconvolution." In ISTFA 2016. ASM International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2016p0038.

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Abstract In this work, we demonstrate the effectiveness of deconvolution algorithms in improving the spatial resolution of time-integrated emission images from integrated circuits. A mathematical model of the Point Spread Function (PSF) encompassing both the optical system and the imaging detector properties is used for the deconvolution process. Tuning of the PSF parameters is achieved through the minimization of dedicated cost functions that optimize image resolution while suppressing artifacts in the deconvoluted images. The optimized PSF is then used in both the Lucy-Richardson (L-R) and blind deconvolution algorithms. Results from 32 nm and 14 nm SOI devices show that the deconvolution process significantly improves spatial resolution of time-integrated emission images, pushing their resolution beyond the diffraction limit of Solid Immersion Lenses (SILs).
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Kalyvas, N., and P. Liaparinos. "Comparing analytical and Monte Carlo optical diffusion models in phosphor-based X-ray detectors." In SPIE Medical Imaging, edited by Bruce R. Whiting and Christoph Hoeschen. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2042148.

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YOU, He, Jing HE, Qi ZHANG, Xiangjun XIN, and Jinlong Zhang. "A mathematical research on flattop all-fiber MZI interleaver based on double-deviations models and uniform design method." In Conference on Optical Information and Network, edited by Jie Zhang, Songnian Fu, and He Zhang. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2580065.

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