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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Optical flow constraint'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Olley, Peter, Timothy D. Gough, R. Spares, and Philip D. Coates. "An experimental and simulation comparison of a 3-D abrupt contraction flow using the Molecular Stress Function constitutive model." Maney Publishing, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18042.

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Yes<br>The Molecular Stress Function (MSF) constitutive model with convective constraint release mechanism has been shown to accurately fit a large range of viscometric data, and also shown to give strong vortex growth in flows of LDPE through planar and axisymmetric contractions. This work compares simulation and experimental results for 3-D flows of Lupolen 1840H LDPE through a contraction slit; 3-D effects are introduced by using a slit with a low upstream aspect ratio of 5:3. Comparisons are made with vortex opening angles obtained from streak photography, and also with stress birefringe

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2

Kheder, Youssof. "Optimal power flow with stability constraints." Thesis, Kheder, Youssof (2015) Optimal power flow with stability constraints. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2015. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/30807/.

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The optimal power flow (OPF) problem aims to control the generation and consumption of generators and loads. The main objectives are to minimise the generation cost, power losses while maintaining stability of the generators in the network. The network used for analysis and testing of OPF with stability constraints is the ‘WSCC 9 bus 3 machine’ [1] network (refer to chapter 5). MATLAB is used to develop algorithms for three alternative simulations that all encompass the same fault and clearing time in order to compare the outcomes. The first simulation includes load flow analysis followed

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3

KAIMAL, VINOD GOPALKRISHNA. "A NEURAL METHOD OF COMPUTING OPTICAL FLOW BASED ON GEOMETRIC CONSTRAINTS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1037632137.

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4

ALMEIDA, JOSE ANTONIO FERREIRA DE. "INCLUSION OF REACTIVE VOLTAGE CONSTRAINTS IN LINEARIZED OPTIMAL POWER FLOW." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1991. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=14574@1.

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O sistema elétrico é planejado para operar na condição mais confiável possível de atendimento, sem que sejam violadas as restrições operativas a que está sujeito. Para a busca da região segura de operação utilizam-se vários programas de otimização e simulação. O Fluxo de Potência Ótimo (FPO) é uma ferramenta muito útil para a busca do ponto de operação seguro. Mas, devido a sua complexidade computacional para solução das restrições não-lineares, possui resposta relativamente lenta, impossibilitando a sua utilização em diversos casos práticos, tanto em tempo real, onde existe a necessidade de r

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5

Zamani, Iman. "Optimal distributed generation planning based on NSGA-II and MATPOWER." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/11483.

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The UK and the world are moving away from central energy resource to distributed generation (DG) in order to lower carbon emissions. Renewable energy resources comprise a big percentage of DGs and their optimal integration to the grid is the main attempt of planning/developing projects with in electricity network. Feasibility and thorough conceptual design studies are required in the planning/development process as most of the electricity networks are designed in a few decades ago, not considering the challenges imposed by DGs. As an example, the issue of voltage rise during steady state condi

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Anthony, Ikenna O., Geev Mokryani, Rana H. A. Zubo, and O. A. Ezechukwu. "Distribution Network Reconfiguration Considering Security-Constraint and Multi-DG Configurations." IEEE, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18492.

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Yes<br>This paper proposes a novel method for distribution network reconfiguration considering security-constraints and multi-configuration of renewable distributed generators (DG). The objective of the proposed method is to minimize the total operational cost using security constrained optimal power flow (SCOPF). The impact of multi-configuration of renewable DGs in a meshed network is investigated. In this work, lines were added to the radial distribution network to analyse the network power flow in different network configurations. The added lines were connected to the closest generator bus

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7

Pajic, Slobodan. "Sequential quadratic programming-based contingency constrained optimal power flow." Link to electronic thesis, 2003. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0430103-152758.

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8

Mijatovic, Aaron. "Solving optimal power flow with voltage constraints using MATLAB optimization toolbox." Thesis, Mijatovic, Aaron (2013) Solving optimal power flow with voltage constraints using MATLAB optimization toolbox. Other thesis, Murdoch University, 2013. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/21660/.

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This thesis set out to build a program in MATLAB that is designed to find an optimal power flow system on that minimizes the cost of generation while satisfying prescribed voltage constraints. Current optimal power flow solutions generally have three main issues with optimal power flow and this is the direction of most research in the area. The first issue is that the systems are not able to robustly provide a solution to the given information and are unable to find a stable solution. The second issue is that the optimal power flow may only find a local minimum solution rather than a globa

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9

Mohammadi, Javad. "Distributed Computational Methods for Energy Management in Smart Grids." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2016. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/710.

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It is expected that the grid of the future differs from the current system by the increased integration of distributed generation, distributed storage, demand response, power electronics, and communications and sensing technologies. The consequence is that the physical structure of the system becomes significantly more distributed. The existing centralized control structure is not suitable any more to operate such a highly distributed system. This thesis is dedicated to providing a promising solution to a class of energy management problems in power systems with a high penetration of distribut

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10

Chiang, Naiyuan. "Structure-exploiting interior point methods for security constrained optimal power flow problems." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8281.

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The aim of this research is to demonstrate some more efficient approaches to solve the n-1 security constrained optimal power flow (SCOPF) problems by using structure-exploiting primal-dual interior point methods (IPM). Firstly, we consider a DC-SCOPF model, which is a linearized version of AC-SCOPF. One new reformulation of the DC-SCOPF model is suggested, in which most matrices that need to be factorized are constant. Consequently, most numerical factorizations and a large number of back-solve operations only need to be performed once throughout the entire IPM process. In the framework of th

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11

Zhang, Fan. "Solving Large Security-Constrained Optimal Power Flow for Power Grid Planning and Operations." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1592567584117811.

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12

Pajic, Slobodan. "Power System State Estimation and Contingency Constrained Optimal Power Flow - A Numerically Robust Implementation." Digital WPI, 2007. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/240.

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The research conducted in this dissertation is divided into two main parts. The first part provides further improvements in power system state estimation and the second part implements Contingency Constrained Optimal Power Flow (CCOPF) in a stochastic multiple contingency framework. As a real-time application in modern power systems, the existing Newton-QR state estimation algorithms are too slow and too fragile numerically. This dissertation presents a new and more robust method that is based on trust region techniques. A faster method was found among the class of Krylov subspace iterative

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13

Bahrami, Shahab. "Algorithm design for optimal power flow, security-constrained unit commitment, and demand response in energy systems." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62754.

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Energy management is of prime importance for power system operators to enhance the use of the existing and new facilities, while maintaining a high level of reliability. In this thesis, we develop analytical models and efficient algorithms for energy management programs in transmission and distribution networks. First, we study the optimal power flow (OPF) in ac-dc grids, which is a non-convex optimization problem. We use convex relaxation techniques and transform the problem into a semidefinite program (SDP). We derive the sufficient conditions for zero relaxation gap and design an algorithm

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14

Kuri, Joy. "Optimal Control Problems In Communication Networks With Information Delays And Quality Of Service Constraints." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 1995. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/162.

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In this thesis, we consider optimal control problems arising in high-speed integrated communication networks with Quality of Service (QOS) constraints. Integrated networks are expected to carry a large variety of traffic sources with widely varying traffic characteristics and performance requirements. Broadly, the traffic sources fall into two categories: (a) real-time sources with specified performance criteria, like small end to end delay and loss probability (sources of this type are referred to as Type 1 sources below), and (b) sources that do not have stringent performance criteria and do

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Kuri, Joy. "Optimal Control Problems In Communication Networks With Information Delays And Quality Of Service Constraints." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/162.

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In this thesis, we consider optimal control problems arising in high-speed integrated communication networks with Quality of Service (QOS) constraints. Integrated networks are expected to carry a large variety of traffic sources with widely varying traffic characteristics and performance requirements. Broadly, the traffic sources fall into two categories: (a) real-time sources with specified performance criteria, like small end to end delay and loss probability (sources of this type are referred to as Type 1 sources below), and (b) sources that do not have stringent performance criteria and do

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16

Zhang, Wang. "Optimisation and Integration of Variable Renewable Energy Sources in Electricity Networks." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16858.

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The growing penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into the electricity power grid is profitable from a sustainable point of view and provides economic benefit for long-term operation. Nevertheless, balancing production and consumption is and will always be a crucial requirement for power system operation. However, the trend towards increasing RESs penetration has raised concerns about the stability, reliability and security of future electricity grids. The clearest observation in this regard is the intermittent nature of RESs. Moreover, the location of renewable generation tends to b

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17

Macfie, Peter. "Large-scale security constrained optimal reactive power flow for operational loss management on the GB electricity transmission network." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5073.

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The transmission of power across the GB transmission system, as operated by National Grid, results in inevitable loss of electrical power. Operationally these power losses cannot be eliminated, but they can be reduced by adjustment of the system voltage profile. At present the minimisation of active power losses relies upon a lengthy manually based iterative adjustment process. Therefore the system operator requires the development of advanced optimisation tools to cope with the challenges faced over the next decade, such as achieving the stringent greenhouse gas emission targets laid down by

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Baker, Kyri A. "Coordination of Resources Across Areas for the Integration of Renewable Generation: Operation, Sizing, and Siting of Storage Devices." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/465.

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An increased penetration of renewable energy into the electric power grid is desirable from an environmental standpoint as well as an economical one. However, renewable sources such as wind and solar energy are often variable and intermittent, and additionally, are non-dispatchable. Also, the locations with the highest amount of available wind or solar may be located in areas that are far from areas with high levels of demand, and these areas may be under the control of separate, individual entities. In this dissertation, a method that coordinates these areas, accounts for the variability and

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19

Kreikebaum, Frank Karl. "Control of transmission system power flows." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50392.

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Power flow (PF) control can increase the utilization of the transmission system and connect lower cost generation with load. While PF controllers have demonstrated the ability to realize dynamic PF control for more than 25 years, PF control has been sparsely implemented. This research re-examines PF control in light of the recent development of fractionally-rated PF controllers and the incremental power flow (IPF) control concept. IPF control is the transfer of an incremental quantity of power from a specified source bus to specified destination bus along a specified path without influenc

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20

Karimishad, Amir. "Transient stability-constrained load dispatch, ancillary services allocation and transient stability assessment procedures for secure power system operation." University of Western Australia. Energy Systems Centre, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0028.

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[Truncated abstract] The present thesis is devoted to the development of new methods for transient stability-constrained optimal power flow, probabilistic transient stability assessment and security-constrained ancillary services allocation. The key objective of the thesis is to develop novel dispatch and assessment methods for power systems operation in the new environment of electricity markets to ensure power systems security, particularly transient stability. A new method for economic dispatch together with nodal price calculations which includes transient stability constraints and, at the

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21

Hamon, Camille. "Probabilistic security management for power system operations with large amounts of wind power." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Elektriska energisystem, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-166398.

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Power systems are critical infrastructures for the society. They are therefore planned and operated to provide a reliable eletricity delivery. The set of tools and methods to do so are gathered under security management and are designed to ensure that all operating constraints are fulfilled at all times. During the past decade, raising awareness about issues such as climate change, depletion of fossil fuels and energy security has triggered large investments in wind power. The limited predictability of wind power, in the form of forecast errors, pose a number of challenges for integrating wind

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22

Damazo, Graciliano Antonio. "Modelo de máximo carregamento com fator de potência da demanda ajustável e restrição de segurança /." Bauru, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192373.

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Orientador: Edméa Cássia Baptista<br>Resumo: O problema de maximização da margem de carregamento operacional tem por finalidade determinar a maior demanda de carga em um sistema elétrico de potência que satisfaça todas as restrições operacionais do sistema e de equipamentos. Em linhas gerais, conhecer com precisão a máxima demanda de potência ativa e reativa suportada pelo sistema elétrico de potência para que o mesmo opere em condições satisfatórias é uma informação importante para a operação e planejamento do sistema. Muitos trabalhos, da literatura, formulam o problema de máximo carregament

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23

Olakoyejo, O. T. (Olabode Thomas). "Geometric optimisation of conjugate heat transfer in cooling channels with different cross-sectional shapes." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25484.

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In modern heat transfer, shape and geometric optimisation are new considerations in the evaluation of thermal performance. In this research, we employed constructal theory and design to present three-dimensional theoretical and numerical solutions of conjugate forced convection heat transfer in heat generating devices with cooling channels of different cross-sectional shapes. In recent times, geometric configurations of cooling channel have been found to play an important role in thermal performance. Therefore, an efficient ways of optimally designing these cooling channels shapes is required.

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24

Costa, Marina Teixeira [UNESP]. "Solução do problema de fluxo de potência ótimo com restrição de segurança e controles discretos utilizando o método primal-dual barreira logarítmica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/148774.

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Submitted by Marina Teixeira Costa null (marinateixeiracosta@gmail.com) on 2017-02-14T14:27:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação MARINA 12.pdf: 1807218 bytes, checksum: 95bc28b832360cf51847512b47b234d8 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-02-14T15:29:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_mt_me_bauru.pdf: 1807218 bytes, checksum: 95bc28b832360cf51847512b47b234d8 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-14T15:29:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_mt_me_bauru.pdf: 1807218 bytes, checksum: 95bc28b832360cf51847512b

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Imbrosciano, Sébastien. "Flots et chemins contraints : applications aux réseaux de télécommunications." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4001/document.

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Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à l'analyse et la conception de réseaux étudiés sont les réseaux de fibres optiques et les réseaux de capteurs. Les problématiques étudiées sont: pour les réseaux de fibres optiques, minimiser le coût de déploiement et assurer la qualité de service; dans les réseaux de capteurs, garantir la sécurité des transmissions et l'énergie consommée par le routage des communications. Pour résoudre ces problèmes nous utilisons des techniques de théorie des graphes, de complexité, de programmation linéaire. Le premier problème consiste à concevoir un plan d'in

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Nasri, Amin. "On the Dynamics and Statics of Power System Operation : Optimal Utilization of FACTS Devicesand Management of Wind Power Uncertainty." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Elektriska energisystem, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-154576.

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Nowadays, power systems are dealing with some new challenges raisedby the major changes that have been taken place since 80’s, e.g., deregu-lation in electricity markets, significant increase of electricity demands andmore recently large-scale integration of renewable energy resources such aswind power. Therefore, system operators must make some adjustments toaccommodate these changes into the future of power systems.One of the main challenges is maintaining the system stability since theextra stress caused by the above changes reduces the stability margin, andmay lead to rise of many undesira

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Kasmaei, Mahdi Pourakbari. "Despacho ótimo de potências ativa e reativa de sistema elétricos multi-áreas considerando restrições físicas, econômicas e ambientais = Envronmentally constrained active-reactive optimal power flow-a compromising strategy for economic-emission dispatch and a multi-area paradigm /." Ilha Solteira, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/126414.

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Orientador: José Roberto Sanches Mantovani<br>Banca: Ruben Augusto Romero Lazaro<br>Banca: Antonio Padilha Feltrin<br>Banca: Elizete de Andrade Amorim<br>Banca: Roberto Chouhy Leborgne<br>Resumo: Nos estudos de planejamento da operação de sistemas de energia elétrica a formulação e solução dos problemas de despacho econômico-ambiental e multi-área são considerados dois problemas de otimização desafiadores. Neste trabalho propõem-se dois novos modelos matemáticos que visam contribuir e contornar algumas desvantagens dos modelos existentes na literatura para os problemas de fluxo de potência óti

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Kasmaei, Mahdi Pourakbari [UNESP]. "Despacho ótimo de potências ativa e reativa de sistema elétricos multi-áreas considerando restrições físicas, econômicas e ambientais =: Envronmentally constrained active-reactive optimal power flow-a compromising strategy for economic-emission dispatch and a multi-area paradigm." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/126414.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T17:09:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-21. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-20T17:26:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000842739.pdf: 2853860 bytes, checksum: e865f5bbf60a5ebbea741caed7414898 (MD5)<br>Nos estudos de planejamento da operação de sistemas de energia elétrica a formulação e solução dos problemas de despacho econômico-ambiental e multi-área são considerados dois problemas de otimização desafiadores. Neste trabalho propõem-se dois novos modelos matemáticos que visam contribuir e contornar algumas desvantagens dos modelos e

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Freire, Rene Cruz. "Otimização natural multiobjetivo como ferramenta para desvio mínimo de pontos de operação considerando restrições de segurança." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/3927.

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Lage, Guilherme Guimarães. "O fluxo de potência ótimo reativo com variáveis de controle discretas e restrições de atuação de dispositivos de controle de tensão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18154/tde-29042013-114259/.

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Este trabalho propõe um novo modelo e uma nova abordagem para resolução do problema de fluxo de potência ótimo reativo com variáveis de controle discretas e restrições de atuação de dispositivos de controle de tensão. Matematicamente, esse problema é formulado como um problema de programação não linear com variáveis contínuas e discretas e restrições de complementaridade, cuja abordagem para resolução proposta neste trabalho se baseia na resolução de uma sequência de problemas modificados pelo algoritmo da função Lagrangiana barreira modificada-penalidade-discreto. Nessa abordagem, o problema

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Avalos, Munoz Jose Rafael. "Analysis and Application of Optimization Techniques to Power System Security and Electricity Markets." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/3692.

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Determining the maximum power system loadability, as well as preventing the system from being operated close to the stability limits is very important in power systems planning and operation. The application of optimization techniques to power systems security and electricity markets is a rather relevant research area in power engineering. The study of optimization models to determine critical operating conditions of a power system to obtain secure power dispatches in an electricity market has gained particular attention. This thesis studies and develops optimization models and techniques to d

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Zhong, Yi-Shun, and 鐘義順. "A Current-Based Preventive Security-Constrained Optimal Power Flow by Particle Swarm Optimization." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a86c53.

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碩士<br>國立中山大學<br>電機工程學系研究所<br>96<br>An Equivalent Current Injection（ECI）based Preventive Security- Constrained Optimal Power Flow（PSCOPF）is presented in this paper and a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is developed for solving non-convex Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problems. This thesis integrated Simulated Annealing Particle Swarm Optimization（SAPSO） and Multiple Particle Swarm Optimization（MPSO）, enabling a fast algorithm to find the global optimum. Optimal power flow is solved based on Equivalent- Current Injection（ECIOPF）algorithm. This OPF deals with both continuous and discrete c

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KhanhVu, Diep, and 武葉卿. "A network flow model for optimal pavement rehabilitation planning with least risks under a budget constraint." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20191027220269441410.

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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>資訊管理研究所<br>102<br>SUMMARY The regular road maintenance and rehabilitation (M＆R) plan is important to keep the surface in a good shape. In practice, a road is divided into a set of contiguous segments, where each set is a pavement project treated by the same M＆R plan. With limited budget, we investigate an optimal pavement rehabilitation plan that seeks an optimal combination of road segments and their rehabilitation plan such that the total risks are minimized with limited budget. By treating each segment as a customer and a pavement project as a warehouse, this problem can b

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Liu, Jzu-chun, and 劉姿君. "An optimal Network Flow Model for the Multi-Mode Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem with Discounted Cash Flows in different payment types." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75216276629770992798.

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碩士<br>國立中央大學<br>土木工程研究所<br>100<br>The project scheduling problem is sensitive to the time period. Due to the fact that the global industrial environment has rapidly grown nowadays, to maximize the profit, the enterprises in the market must adopt appropriate project management method to perform the project schedule. However, because the project size rapidly increases, with the shortage of environmental resources, factors involving in project scheduling are becoming more and more complicated than before. Although, in the past, there have been many studies where solution algorithms have been empl

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Foster, James Daniel. "Mixed-integer quadratically-constrained programming, piecewise-linear approximation and error analysis with applications in power flow." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1048192.

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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>This thesis investigates of the structure and solution of quadratically constrained optimization problems incorporating models of electrical power flow through transmission networks. Approximation of the equations and inequalities describing electrical power flow play a central role. Mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) theory is applied to determining good bounds to the optimal values of power flow optimization problems. After reviewing the literature on power system planning and design methods using mixed-integer programming, we apply

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Agbugba, Emmanuel Emenike. "Hybridization of particle Swarm Optimization with Bat Algorithm for optimal reactive power dispatch." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23630.

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This research presents a Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization with Bat Algorithm (HPSOBA) based approach to solve Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch (ORPD) problem. The primary objective of this project is minimization of the active power transmission losses by optimally setting the control variables within their limits and at the same time making sure that the equality and inequality constraints are not violated. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Bat Algorithm (BA) algorithms which are nature-inspired algorithms have become potential options to solving very difficult optimization problem

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Λακουμέντας, Ιωάννης. "Δρομολόγηση και ανάθεση συχνοτήτων σε WDM οπτικά δίκτυα". Thesis, 2006. http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/handle/10889/533.

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Η δρομολόγηση και ανάθεση μηκών κύματος (routing and wavelength assignment - RWA) αποτελεί ένα πολύ σημαντικό πρόβλημα, που απασχολεί τους σχεδιαστές WDM οπτικών δικτύων και είναι γνωστό, πως είναι NP-πλήρες. Στην εργασία αυτή σχεδιάζουμε και υλοποιούμε έναν αλγόριθμο για το στατικό RWA, που βασίζεται σε έναν προτεινόμενο σχηματισμό (μη ακέραιου) γραμμικού προγραμματισμού (linear programming - LP). Ισχυριζόμαστε, πως ο σχηματισμός αυτός είναι σε θέση να παρέχει ακέραιες βέλτιστες λύσεις (παρά την εν γένει μη ακέραια φύση του) για ένα μεγάλο ποσοστό στιγμιότυπων εισόδου, οδηγώντας έτσι σε αντίσ

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