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Zhuang, Ziyun, and Ho Pui Ho. "Application of digital micromirror devices (DMD) in biomedical instruments." Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 13, no. 06 (August 5, 2020): 2030011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793545820300116.
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There is an ongoing technological revolution in the field of biomedical instruments. Consequently, high performance healthcare devices have led to remarkable economic developments in the medical hardware industry. Until now, nearly all optical bio-imaging systems are based on the 2-dimensional imaging chip architecture. In fact, recent developments in digital micromirror devices (DMDs) are gradually making their way from conventional optical projection displays into biomedical instruments. As an ultrahigh-speed spatial light modulator, the DMD may offer a range of new applications including real-time biomedical sensing or imaging, as well as orientation tracking and targeted screening. Given its short history, the use of DMD in biomedical and healthcare instruments has emerged only within the past decade. In this paper, we first provide an overview by summarizing all reported cases found in the literature. We then critically analyze the general pros and cons of using DMD, specifically in terms of response speed, stability, accuracy, repeatability, robustness, and degree of automation, in relation to the performance outcome of the designated instrument. Particularly, we shall focus our discussion on the use of Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS)-based devices in a set of representative instruments including the surface plasmon resonance biosensor, optical microscopes, Raman spectrometers, ophthalmoscopes, and the micro stereolithographic system. Finally, the prospects of using the DMD approach in biomedical or healthcare systems and possible next generation DMD-based biomedical devices are presented.
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Marpaung, Hakim Irwandi, Danuditya Purna Atmaja, Rismaidah Purba, and Ainul Ghurri. "Validitas Dan Reliabilitas Instrumen Observasi Terhadap Penilaian Teknik Servis Atas Dalam Sepaktakraw." JURNAL STAMINA 6, no. 4 (December 4, 2023): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jst.v6i4.1242.
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This research is to assist coaches in assessing the technical implementation of serves and their relationship to achieving the main aspects of service movements in sepaktakraw. The purpose of the study is to validate the observation instrument to assess the technical implementation of the top service in Sepaktakaw. This observation instrument can be used to assess progress in relation to achieving important aspects of movement in each service. Methods: Construction of the validity and reliability of this observation instrument is carried out in four phases. The first phase is the study of literature that specifically review the construction of observation instruments. The second stage, the instrument construction was established. The third stage, the validity coefficient of the instrument's content is determined by Aiken V and 9 experts with qualifications, level of understanding, conformity of words, and relevance of the statement, etc. (with a rating scale of 1-4). The internal validation of the instrument is calculated and applied by 18 athletes, quantitatively tested using the product moment correlation. The fourth stage, the reliability of the instrument is calculated using Cronbach's Alpha reliability test. Results: The result of this study indicates that the instrument has optimal value of content and internal validity. In addition, the instrument also has a high reliability value. Conclusion: The results of this study can be used in similar circumstances. More than that, these instruments can be considered measuring instruments to be utilized by the trainer, the teacher as an assessment of the ability of top service techniques
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Zarkasyi, Moh Ali, Maimon Sumo, Moh Ma’ruf Amin, Sakinah Sakinah, and Mila Rosa Angraini. "Analysis of the Use of Optical Waves in the World of Health: Literature Study." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science 2, no. 01 (December 25, 2023): 441–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.59653/ijmars.v2i01.525.
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Waves are vibrations that propagate at any time. Waves are divided into two, namely mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves. In the world of health, what we often encounter are tools whose use is accompanied by one of the physics concepts, namely optical waves. Optical waves in the world of health are very important to apply because they are the basis for learning in health science or in the sense that the concepts that are developed in health science use the concept of optical waves. Optical waves are known as electromagnetic waves, because these waves describe visible light rays, infrared, and ultraviolet rays, so these rays are used as materials for the use of optical instruments. There are many kinds of optical instruments, including loupes which are used to magnify small things, microscopes as a tool to see objects that are far away with the sense of sight, binoculars as a tool to see the distance of objects that are far from the surface of the earth, and the eye as a tool for our vision. Then scientists applied the wave concept with optical tools to serve as a reference in the world of health. Waves according to Prof. Yohanes Surya, Ph. in the title of the book Vibrations and Waves (2019), propagating vibrations produce energy and move at a certain speed, and do not drag the material they pass through. The use of optical waves is widely applied in medical science, including X-rays as a detector for internal body elements to clarify broken parts such as bones or other things. From the explanation above, it can be concluded that waves are the basis in the world of health, which are of course used in optical equipment, and are a reference for the health team and as a basic concept in physics learning. This underlies the fact that optical waves are not only used in the world of education but are very It is also needed in the world of health.
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Balestrieri, Eulalia, Luca De Vito, Francesco Picariello, Sergio Rapuano, and Ioan Tudosa. "A review of accurate phase measurement methods and instruments for sinewave signals." ACTA IMEKO 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v9i2.802.
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<p class="Abstract">The phase measurement of sinewave signals is important in several applications, such as electric and electronic instrumentation; telecommunications; and optical interferometry. The uncertainty of the phase measurement has an essential role in ensuring the suitable performance of the devices and systems used by the relevant application. Some highly accurate phase measurement methods have been developed and implemented in different instrument types that are currently available on the market or have been proposed in the scientific literature, each capable of covering very different frequency ranges. This article presents an overview of these methods and instruments in order to highlight the characteristics in terms of the measurement uncertainty of the main methods and instruments that are used, by taking into account a varying operative frequency range. The standard deviations considered in the surveyed literature are used to identify a phase measurement method that is capable of covering a large high-frequency range, simultaneously maintaining a low value of measurement uncertainty, as requested by some applications (like waveform recorder frequency response testing).</p>
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Can, G., G. Ayan, A. Ozdede, M. Bektaş, N. Akdogan, B. Yalici-Armagan, E. Oksum Solak, et al. "AB0579 INSTRUMENTS FOR SCREENING PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS AMONG PATIENTS WITH PSORIASIS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1327.1–1327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3275.
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Background:Timely diagnosis is essential for the optimal management of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Several instruments have been developed for screening PsA among patients with psoriasis. However, a delay in diagnosis is still frequently reported, possibly due to the lack of a wide use of these instruments.Objectives:We aimed to identify and compare the reported performance of these instruments with special emphasis on the PsA phenotypes.Methods:We conducted a systematic literature search on PubMed until 15 August 2020 using the keyword ‘psoriatic arthritis’. Two independent reviewers identified all studies published in English, that report on the validation, psychometric evaluation or use of an instrument for screening PsA. Any disagreements were resolved by the third investigator. Data on sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values were extracted or calculated for each instrument. Additionally, instruments were assessed for their performance in patients with different disease phenotypes.Results:A total of 10754 references were screened, and 42 were identified that reported on 15 different screening instruments. Psoriatic Arthritis Screening and Evaluation (PASE), Psoriasis Epidemiology Screening Tool (PEST), Early Arthritis for Psoriatic Patients questionnaire (EARP) were the most commonly used instruments. There was important variability across studies regarding the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of these instruments based on the cut-offs for positivity, setting, patient population and disease phenotypes (Table 1). Specificity was higher when patients with a previous diagnosis of other rheumatic diseases were excluded. Lower sensitivity was reported among patients with shorter disease duration and when patients with a prior diagnosis of PsA were excluded from the study, whereas higher sensitivity was reported among patients with prior NSAID use. Screening tools showed differences in sensitivity in different domains (Figure 1).Figure 1.Performance Among Patients with Each DomainConclusion:This systematic literature review revealed wide variability in the diagnostic estimates of currently available questionnaire-based screening instruments for identifying PsA among psoriasis patients, depending on study populations and disease phenotypes. There is an unmet need for a screening instrument with a better performance in all disease domains.Table 1.Diagnostic estimates of screening tools in different studiesInstrumentNumber of studiesSensitivity%Specificity%PPV%NPV%PASE1824-9138-9518-8813-96PEST1140 – 8537.2-98.623-9647.1-99.3EARP941-97.234-97.214-93.357.5-100TOPAS641-89.129.7-9025.7-91.868-81.6TOPAS-II444-95.880.5-9863.4-95.891-98PsA-Disk questionnaire187.246.458.678.5CONTEST270-76.556.5-9116-8968-95STRIPP191.593.379.697.5SiPAS179877390PASQ267-92.764-81.84383GEPARD277706680Swedish- Psoriasis Assessment Questionnaire163724585PAQ160622687.5SiPAT169699169A novel, short, and simple screening questionnaire186.971.35393.6PASE: Psoriatic Arthritis Screening and Evaluation, PEST: Psoriasis Epidemiology Screening Tool, EARP: Early Arthritis for Psoriatic Patients questionnaire, TOPAS: Toronto Psoriatic Arthritis Screening Questionnaire, STRIPP: Screening Tool for Rheumatologic Investigation,SIPAS: Simple Psoriatic Arthritis Screening questionnaire, PASQ: Psoriasis and Arthritis Screening Questionnaire, GEPARD: German Psoriatic Arthritis Diagnostic Questionnaire, PAQ: Psoriatic and Arthritic Questionnaire, SiPAT: Siriraj Psoriatic Arthritis Screening ToolDisclosure of Interests:None declared.
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Hanson, Eliza K., and Rebecca J. Whelan. "Application of the Nicoya OpenSPR to Studies of Biomolecular Binding: A Review of the Literature from 2016 to 2022." Sensors 23, no. 10 (May 17, 2023): 4831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23104831.
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The Nicoya OpenSPR is a benchtop surface plasmon resonance (SPR) instrument. As with other optical biosensor instruments, it is suitable for the label-free interaction analysis of a diverse set of biomolecules, including proteins, peptides, antibodies, nucleic acids, lipids, viruses, and hormones/cytokines. Supported assays include affinity/kinetics characterization, concentration analysis, yes/no assessment of binding, competition studies, and epitope mapping. OpenSPR exploits localized SPR detection in a benchtop platform and can be connected with an autosampler (XT) to perform automated analysis over an extended time period. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive survey of the 200 peer-reviewed papers published between 2016 and 2022 that use the OpenSPR platform. We highlight the range of biomolecular analytes and interactions that have been investigated using the platform, provide an overview on the most common applications for the instrument, and point out some representative research that highlights the flexibility and utility of the instrument.
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Febriani, Febriani, M. Ibnusaputra, Pramudya Wahyu Pradana, and Jumadi Jumadi. "Socioscientific Issues-based Guided-inquiry E-worksheet on Optical Instruments Topic." Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika Al-Biruni 11, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/jipfalbiruni.v11i2.12603.
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be taught in the learning process. This difficulty can be overcome by using learning media in the learning process. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of a guided-inquiry Electronic Student Worksheet based on SSI on the topic of optical instruments. The method used in this research is Research and Development (RD) with 4D steps. At the define stage, it is done by studying literature and conducting short interviews with one physics teacher, design stage contains for lesson plans and electronic student worksheets; the developmentstage contains product validation activities by four experts and preliminary field testing by 23 students of class XI MIPA SMA Negeri 4 Yogyakarta, dissemination stage contains product distribution. The results of this study are 1) the SSI-based guided-inquiry Electronic Student Worksheet was developed by the objectives, context, and visual aspects, 2) the lesson plan and also the Electronic Student Worksheet are in the very valid category and can be used in the range of 93.75%-100%, and 3) The results of the preliminary field testing are in the valid category, with a range of 77.17%-79-35%. The conclusion is that the Product produced in this study was declared feasible. Hence, the implication of this research is that the resulting product can be used later by the teacher to help the learning process of the optical instrument topic.
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Mousa, Mohammed Abbas, Mustafasanie M. Yussof, Thulfiqar S. Hussein, Lateef N. Assi, and SeyedAli Ghahari. "A Digital Image Correlation Technique for Laboratory Structural Tests and Applications: A Systematic Literature Review." Sensors 23, no. 23 (November 23, 2023): 9362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23239362.
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Digital image correlation (DIC) is an optical technique used to measure surface displacements and strains in materials and structures. This technique has demonstrated significant utility in structural examination and monitoring. This manuscript offers a comprehensive review of the contemporary research and applications that have leveraged the DIC technique in laboratory-based structural tests. The reviewed works encompass a broad spectrum of structural components, such as concrete beams, columns, pillars, masonry walls, infills, composite materials, structural joints, steel beams, slabs, and other structural elements. These investigations have underscored the efficacy of DIC as a metrological instrument for the precise quantification of surface deformation and strain in these structural components. Moreover, the constraints of the DIC technique have been highlighted, especially in scenarios involving extensive or complex test configurations. Notwithstanding these constraints, the effectiveness of the DIC methodology has been validated as a strain measurement instrument, offering numerous benefits such as non-invasive operation, full-field measurement capability, high precision, real-time surveillance, and compatibility with integration into other measurement instruments and methodologies.
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Soekarman, Soekarman. "Efektifitas Pembelajaran Berbasis Inquiry Melalui Implementasi Modeling Instruction pada Materi Alat Optik." Jurnal Paedagogy 8, no. 4 (October 5, 2021): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/jp.v8i4.4129.
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This study aims to analyze inquiry-based learning through the implementation of modeling instruction on optical instrument materials. This research method used quantitative descriptive research. The subjects of this study were students of class XI IPA SMAN 2 Donggo. The collection technique includes observation, literature review, questionnaire, test and documentation. The data obtained will be analyzed descriptively quantitatively, among the research data to be analyzed are: student activities, learning outcomes, and student responses to ongoing learning. The results of this study include: 1) Student activity obtained a score of 74.58% or good category, 2) Inquiry learning with Modeling Instruction on optical instrument material can actually improve students' understanding with an N-gain score of 1.3 points or very high category. high, 3) Student responses to learning obtained a score of 84.37% or very interesting category. Based on the results of the study, it was found that through Inquiry learning with Modeling Instruction on Optical Instruments material, it can be used as an alternative to improve the quality of learning in class, especially in Physics subjects.
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Soekarman, Soekarman. "Efektifitas Pembelajaran Berbasis Inquiry Melalui Implementasi Modeling Instruction pada Materi Alat Optik." Jurnal Paedagogy 8, no. 4 (October 5, 2021): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/jp.v8i4.4129.
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This study aims to analyze inquiry-based learning through the implementation of modeling instruction on optical instrument materials. This research method used quantitative descriptive research. The subjects of this study were students of class XI IPA SMAN 2 Donggo. The collection technique includes observation, literature review, questionnaire, test and documentation. The data obtained will be analyzed descriptively quantitatively, among the research data to be analyzed are: student activities, learning outcomes, and student responses to ongoing learning. The results of this study include: 1) Student activity obtained a score of 74.58% or good category, 2) Inquiry learning with Modeling Instruction on optical instrument material can actually improve students' understanding with an N-gain score of 1.3 points or very high category. high, 3) Student responses to learning obtained a score of 84.37% or very interesting category. Based on the results of the study, it was found that through Inquiry learning with Modeling Instruction on Optical Instruments material, it can be used as an alternative to improve the quality of learning in class, especially in Physics subjects.
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Gess, Nicola. "Instruments of Wonder - Wondrous Instruments: Optical Devices in the Poetics of the Marvelous of Fontenelle, Rist, Breitinger, and Hoffmann." German Quarterly 90, no. 4 (October 2017): 407–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gequ.12047.
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Chen, J., and D. S. Venables. "A broadband optical cavity spectrometer for measuring weak near-ultraviolet absorption spectra of gases." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 3, no. 5 (October 27, 2010): 4571–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-3-4571-2010.
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Abstract. Accurate absorption spectra of gases in the near-ultraviolet (300 to 400 nm) are essential in atmospheric observations and laboratory studies. This paper describes a novel incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) instrument for measuring very weak absorption spectra from 335 to 375 nm. The instrument performance was validated against the 3B1−X1A1 transition of SO2. The measured absorption varied linearly with SO2 column density and the resulting spectrum agrees well with published spectra. Using the instrument, we report new absorption cross-sections of O3, acetone, 2-butanone, and 2-pentanone in this spectral region, where literature data diverge considerably. In the absorption minimum between the Huggins and Chappuis bands, our absorption spectra fall at the lower range of reported ozone absorption cross-sections. The spectra of the ketones agree with prior spectra at moderate absorptions, but differ significantly at the limits of other instruments' sensitivity. The collision-induced absorption of the O4 dimer at 360.5 nm was also measured and found to have a maximum cross-section of ca. 4.0 × 10−46 cm5 molecule−2. We demonstrate the application of the instrument to quantifying low concentrations of the short-lived radical, BrO, in the presence of stronger absorptions from Br2 and O3.
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Chen, J., and D. S. Venables. "A broadband optical cavity spectrometer for measuring weak near-ultraviolet absorption spectra of gases." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 4, no. 3 (March 1, 2011): 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-425-2011.
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Abstract. Accurate absorption spectra of gases in the near–ultraviolet (300 to 400 nm) are essential in atmospheric observations and laboratory studies. This paper describes a novel incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) instrument for measuring very weak absorption spectra from 335 to 375 nm. The instrument performance was validated against the 3B1-X1A1 transition of SO2. The measured absorption varied linearly with SO2 column density and the resulting spectrum agrees well with published spectra. Using the instrument, we report new absorption cross-sections of O3, acetone, 2-butanone, and 2-pentanone in this spectral region, where literature data diverge considerably. In the absorption minimum between the Huggins and Chappuis bands, our absorption spectra fall at the lower range of reported ozone absorption cross-sections. The spectra of the ketones agree with prior spectra at moderate absorptions, but differ significantly at the limits of other instruments' sensitivity. The collision-induced absorption of the O4 dimer at 360.5 nm was also measured and found to have a maximum cross-section of ca. 4.0×10−46 cm5 molecule−2. We demonstrate the application of the instrument to quantifying low concentrations of the short-lived radical, BrO, in the presence of stronger absorptions from Br2 and O3.
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Saputri, Indah, and Asrizal Asrizal. "NEEDS ANALYSIS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL TEACHING MATERIALS WITH AUGMENTED REALITY FOR OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS MATERIALS." Physics Learning and Education 1, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/ple.v1i3.65.
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The use of instructional materials in education is highly crucial to achieve the success of a quality learning process. This study aims to analyze the need for the development of digital instructional materials using Augmented Reality (AR) for the topic of optical instruments. The study investigates five main aspects: physics learning issues, student learning results, student characteristics, learning objectives, and challenges related to the optical instruments topic. The research subjects include three physics teachers and eleventh-grade students from MAN 1 Kota Padang. Data collection techniques used in this study comprise interviews, questionnaires, documentation, and literature review. The collected data, analyzed with appropriate instruments, are subjected to descriptive statistical analysis techniques. Based on the data analysis, the following results are obtained: 1) students are no longer interested in using printed instructional materials, and the existing teaching materials do not align with the school's context, 2) student physics learning results are categorized as low, 3) internal factors such as interest, motivation, and learning styles among students are still underdeveloped, 4)the learning objectives designed by teachers inadequately consider appropriate learning behaviors for the competency levels of eleventh-grade students in fundamental knowledge and skills, 5) the average scores in the physics National Examination (UN) for the optical instruments topic have been consistently decreasing each year, falling below the standard passing grade, 6) in conclusion, it can be inferred that the development of digital instructional materials using AR for the optical instruments topic is highly necessary for both teachers and students.
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Olimov, Lutfiddin Omanovich. "DETERMINATION OF EFFICIENT OPTICAL SOURCES OF AIR PROPAGATION FOR FISHERIES BIOPHYSICAL DEVICES." European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies 02, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/eijmrms-02-10-01.
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From the analysis of the literature, it is known that agricultural pest control devices designed to combat insects or for fishing attract flying insects, the growth of functional systems of Fish and fish larvae in one norm plays an important role in the development of light rays of optical radiation sources. Instruments with incandescent lamp, fluorescent, halogen or light-emitting semiconductor optoelectronic irradiators are widely used as sources of optical radiation in this area. When creating agricultural devices from them, light-emitting semiconductor optoelectronic devices are considered to withstand competition with performance, energy efficiency and other physical characteristics. In connection with these, the research methods and results of the study on the distribution of semiconductor optoelectronic irradiators in the air and aqueous medium as well as the spectral characteristics are described in this work.
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Sternfeld, Barbara, and Lisa Goldman-Rosas. "A Systematic Approach to Selecting an Appropriate Measure of Self-Reported Physical Activity or Sedentary Behavior." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 9, s1 (January 2012): S19—S28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.9.s1.s19.
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Context:Numerous instruments to measure self-reported physical activity (PA) exist, but there is little guidance for determining the most appropriate choice.Objective:To provide a systematic framework for researchers and practitioners to select a self-reported PA instrument.Process:The framework consists of 2 components: a series of questions and a database of instruments. The questions encourage users to think critically about their specific needs and to appreciate the strengths and limitations of the available options. Instruments for the database were identified through existing literature and expert opinion.Findings:Ten questions, ranging from study aim and study design to target population and logistical consideration, guide the researcher or practitioner in defining the criteria for an appropriate PA instruments for a given situation. No one question on its own determines the optimal choice, but taken together, they narrow the potential field. The database currently includes 38 different self-reported PA instruments, characterized by 18 different parameters.Conclusions:The series of questions presented here, in conjunction with a searchable database of self-report PA instruments, provides a needed step toward the development of guiding principles and good practices for researchers and practitioners to follow in making an informed selection of a self-reported PA instrument.
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She, Yongming. "Algorithm Research and Implementation Based on Component Optical Detection System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2066, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2066/1/012019.
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Abstract With the development of the times, gradually there is a new thing called electronic components born. Electronic components are collectively called components of electronic components and small machine instruments, such as diodes used in light bulbs. Components can be used in optical inspection systems, but they require some help from computer technology. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to use algorithms to study component-based optical detection systems. After consulting the literature on components and optical detection systems, we analyzed the suitability of components and optical inspection systems by constructing different systems using a variety of algorithms. The experimental results show that the traditional ant colony algorithm is better than the AdaBoost algorithm and the genetic algorithm, so we finally choose to use the ant colony algorithm to construct the optical detection system.
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Mortazavi, Seyed Hossein. "Satellite optical misalignment test procedure subject to theodolites." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 89, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-10-2014-0179.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to address the concept and the step-by-step procedure of a high-precision optical alignment test for spacecrafts using digital theodolites. The proposed scheme focuses on the non-contact alignment qualification of spacecraft components during the integration and test phases until the launch event. Design/methodology/approach The proposed approach is based on the exploitation of the auto-collimation feature of theodolites and several prisms attached to the requested component and satellite configuration. As soon as the misalignment measurement including the difference between the real and desired attitude or position aberration of an instrument is made, the results must be transformed from the component level to the system level for misalignment error identification in the spacecraft dynamic model. Findings The paper introduces the main instruments, the defined coordinate systems and the architecture of the optical spacecraft misalignment test. Moreover, the guideline of the test implementation and the resulting data process have been presented carefully. Research limitations/implications There is no limitation associated with this method because the procedure is applicable for high-precision typical missions. Practical implications This paper describes a fully implementable scheme to examine any possible inaccuracy in mounting of the spacecraft components both in position and orientation. The test can be performed without the need for a huge budget or complicated hardwares. Originality/value The contribution of this work revolves around illustrating the context and procedure of the spacecraft misalignment test which has remained unknown in literature despite the frequent implementation in the different satellite projects.
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Torres Salinas, Ginés. "Ideología barroca y revolución heliocéntrica en las letras del siglo XVII: algunas notas sobre Francisco de Quevedo y la astronomía moderna." JANUS. Estudios sobre el Siglo de Oro, no. 11 (November 23, 2022): 549–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.51472/jeso20221123.
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RESUMEN: La Revolución Científica trajo consigo, entre otras cosas, la definitiva constatación del modelo heliocéntrico del universo, gracias a los nuevos descubrimientos astronómicos, propiciados, a su vez, por un nuevo instrumental óptico. En este trabajo estudiaremos algunas de las consecuencias de estos nuevos descubrimientos en la obra de Francisco de Quevedo, partiendo de la ideología barroca propia de obra y autor. Nos ocuparemos de tres cuestiones básicas y de las razones de aparición de las mismas: la pervivencia en Quevedo de una concepción geocéntrica del universo, a pesar de estar presumiblemente al tanto del nuevo modelo heliocéntrico; el uso de dos pasajes bíblicos de protagonismo solar procedentes de El libro de Josué y el Segundo libro de los Reyes; y el juicio quevediano sobre los nuevos instrumentos ópticos que permitieron descubrir la naturaleza heliocéntrica del universo. ABSTRACT: The Scientific Revolution brought with it, among other things, the definitive verification of the heliocentric model of the universe. It was due to new astronomical discoveries, promoted, in turn, by new optical instruments. This work pretends to study some of the consequences of these new discoveries in the work of Francisco de Quevedo. For this it will be analysed the baroque ideology that characterizes both, writer and work. We will discuss three basic questions and the reasons for their appearance: Quevedo's persistence of a geocentric conception of the universe, despite he was presumably aware of the new heliocentric model; the use of two biblical passages of solar prominence from The Book of Joshua and the Second Book of Kings; and the quevedesque opinion about the new optical instruments that made it possible to discover the heliocentric nature of the universe.
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Victor, Christiaan, Peet J. Van der Vyver, Martin Vorster, and Zunaid I. Vally. "Root canal preparation with reciprocating instruments - A literature review and clinical application." South African Dental Journal 75, no. 9 (October 31, 2020): 493–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2519-0105/2020/v75no9a4.
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It is well described that the presence of microbial flora in the pulp space of the tooth, and the inability of the immune system to remove these pathogens, are the major sources of peri-apical and radicular inflam-mation.1 Eradication of these pathogens from the pulp and root canal space by means of cleaning, shaping, disinfecting and complete obturation is necessary to safeguard the health of the periodontal tissues from endodontic infection and subsequent breakdown.2,3
The basic objectives of cleaning and shaping of root canals include: (1) removal of all infected soft and hard tissues; (2) creating space for delivery of disinfectants and medicaments to the apical part of the canal; (3) facilitating three dimensional obturation and (4) preservation of radicular structures.4
Even modern endodontic file systems leave untouched areas on the root canal walls after preparation and show compaction of hard tissue debris.5 This debris consists of pulp tissue remnants, bacteria and dentine chips of which most is found in the apical part of the prepared root canal system.6 Aiming for a centred preparation that corresponds to the original canal anatomy accompanied by the lowest amount of canal transportation, especially in middle and apical parts of curved canals, will result in the most favourable post instrumented canal shape. The four optimal canal shaping objectives are: (1) to have a tapered funnel from orifice to apex, (2) maintenance of original anatomical canal pathway, (3) apical foramen position should remain constant and (4) leaving the apical opening as small as possible.2,7
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Cavedo, Federico, Parisa Esmaili, and Michele Norgia. "Self-Mixing Laser Distance-Sensor Enhanced by Multiple Modulation Waveforms." Sensors 22, no. 21 (November 3, 2022): 8456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22218456.
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Optical rangefinders based on Self-Mixing Interferometry are widely described in literature, but not yet on the market as commercial instruments. The main reason is that it is relatively easy to propose new elaboration techniques and get results in controlled conditions, while it is very difficult to develop a reliable instrument. In this paper, we propose a laser distance sensor with improved reliability, realized through a wavelength modulation at a different frequency, able to decorrelate single measurement errors and obtain improvement by averages. A dedicated software is implemented to automatically calculate the modulation pre-emphasis, needed to linearize the wavelength modulation. Finally, data selection algorithms allow to overcome signal fading problems due to the speckle effect. A prototype demonstrates the approach with about 0.1 mm accuracy up to 2 m of distance at 200 measurements per second.
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Bullock, David S., and Klaus Salhofer. "A Note on the Efficiency of Income Redistribution with Simple and Combined Policies." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 27, no. 2 (October 1998): 266–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500006584.
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Recent studies have investigated the efficiencies of policies that use several policy instruments simultaneously (for example, a policy that uses a production subsidy combined with a production quota). Several studies of very specific cases find that optimal combination of two policy instruments is more efficient than optimal independent use of either. In this note we demonstrate using set theory and maximization theory, that all such specific results are examples of a more general result, which is that by combining m instruments efficiently, a government can always be at least as efficient as when using a subset of those m instruments. This result holds for any of the several definitions of “efficiency” in the literature.
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Nurhasanah, Ayu, and Erfan Erfan. "PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN DARING SENI BUDAYA DI SMP NEGERI 17 PADANG." Jurnal Sendratasik 9, no. 2 (September 25, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jsu.v9i1.109504.
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This study aims to describe online instruction of Culture and Arts especially in Music subject matter in class VII.5 at SMP Negeri 17 Padang. This is a qualitative research using a descriptive analytic approach. The research instrument used was the researcher itself and was assisted by supporting instruments such as writing tools, cameras, and cellphones. The data were collected through literature study, interviews, and documentation.Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the implementation ofonline instructionin the subject matter of simple musical instruments in class VII.5 at SMP Negeri 17 Padang is using the Whatsapp Group media recommended by the Principal of SMP Negeri 17 Padang. This is a way to deal with online learning so that learning activities can be continued even though it is conducted in distance. The planning step for learning simple musical instrument is not optimally conducteddue to the fact that the teacher does not create lesson plans for online instruction.The implementation of online learning in the subject matter of simple musical instrumentcontinues to run smoothly even though the learning process faces various obstacles. The learning outcomes of Culture and Arts for grade VIIin the subject matter of simple musical instruments are less effective and less optimal. This is due to the fact that learning activities conducted do not pay attention to standards of preparing online learning materials.Key word: Instruction, Online, Simple musical instruments
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Koh, Zhao Hui, Jason Skues, and Greg Murray. "Digital self-report instruments for repeated measurement of mental health in the general adult population: a protocol for a systematic review." BMJ Open 13, no. 1 (January 2023): e065162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065162.
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IntroductionDigital technologies present tremendous opportunities for enabling long-term measurement of mental health in the general population. Emerging studies have established preliminary efficacy of collecting self-report data digitally. However, a key challenge when developing a new self-report instrument is navigating the abundance of existing instruments to select relevant constructs for measurements. This review is a precursor to developing a novel future integrated digital instrument for repeated measurements. We interrogate the literature as the first step towards optimal measurement of the multifaceted mental health concept, in the context of digital repeated measurement. This review aims to identify (1) digital self-report instruments administered repeatedly to measure the mental health of the general adult population; (2) their structure and format; (3) their psychometric properties; (4) their usage in empirical studies; and (5) the constructs these instruments were designed to measure (as characterised in the original publication), and the constructs the instruments have been used to measure in the identified empirical studies.Methods and analysisFive major electronic databases will be searched. Studies administering mental health instruments (in English) repeatedly to community dwellers in the general adult population are eligible. A reviewer will preliminarily screen for eligible studies. Then, two reviewers will independently screen the full text of the eligible articles and extract data. Both reviewers will resolve any disagreement through discussion or with a third reviewer. After the data extraction, a reviewer will manually search for the structure, format, psychometric properties and the original constructs these instruments were developed to measure. This review will synthesise the results in a narrative approach. The reporting in this review will be guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as no data will be collected. Findings of the systematic review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022306547
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Mengali, G., and A. A. Quarta. "Constrained large angle reorientation manoeuvres of a space telescope using potential functions and a variable control gain." Aeronautical Journal 117, no. 1194 (August 2013): 807–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000008460.
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In some space applications, such as satellite surveillance and communication, a spacecraft must perform accurate pointing and slewing manoeuvres, whereby the spacecraft is rotated along a large angle amplitude trajectory. In many circumstances it is also required that the sensitive payload does not intercept bright objects such as the Sun, Earth and Moon, to avoid possible damage to the optical instruments. The importance of this subject has stimulated an active research, and different approaches have been reported in the literature(1-5).
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Galkin, V. D., F. Immler, G. A. Alekseeva, F. H. Berger, U. Leiterer, T. Naebert, I. N. Nikanorova, V. V. Novikov, V. P. Pakhomov, and I. B. Sal'nikov. "Analysis of the application of the optical method to the measurements of the water vapor content in the atmosphere – Part 1: Basic concepts – the measurements of the water vapor content in the atmosphere with the optical method." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 3, no. 6 (December 15, 2010): 5705–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-3-5705-2010.
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Abstract. We retrieved the total content of the atmospheric water vapor from extensive sets of photometric data obtained since 1995 at Lindenberg Meteorological Observatory with star and sun photometers. Different methods of determination of the empirical parameters that are necessary for the retrieval are discussed. The instruments were independently calibrated using laboratory measurements made at Pulkovo Observatory with the VKM-100 multi-pass vacuum cell. The empirical parameters were also calculated by the simulation of the atmospheric absorption by water vapor, using the MODRAN-4 program package for different model atmospheres. The results are compared to those presented in the literature, obtained with different instruments and methods of the retrieval. The accuracy of the empirical parameters used for the power approximation that links the water vapor content with the observed absorption is analyzed. Currently, the calibration and measurement errors yield the uncertainty of about 10% in the total column water vapor. We discuss the possibilities for improving the accuracy of calibration to ~1%, which will make it possible to use data obtained by optical photometry as an independent reference for other methods (GPS, lidar, etc).
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Moret-Tatay, Carmen, Juan J. Fernández-Muñoz, Cristina Civera-Mollá, Esperanza Navarro-Pardo, and Carlos Alcover-de-la-Hera. "Psychometric properties and Factor structure of the BRCS in an elderly Spanish sample." Anales de Psicología 31, no. 3 (September 16, 2015): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.31.3.188401.
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Successful resilience is a variable often related toan optimal aging process. However, literature is rather limited when dealingwith assessment instruments for the elderly in the Spanish language. Theobjective of this work is to validate the Brief Resilient Coping Scale(Sinclair & Wallston, 2004), a four item likert scale, in the Spanishelderly. For this propose, the scale wasadministrated to a sample of 991 elderly Spanish participants, and the data setanalysed in terms of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, internalconsistency and criterion validity. The scale demonstrated good psychometricproperties. Furthermore, the homogeneityindices were higher than the recently literature, reinforcing the dimensionalstructure of the scale. These resultshave shown higher reliability from previous Spanish versions. Therefore, theBrief Resilient Coping Scale is a valuable assessment instrument that could bevery useful in the assessing of resilience in the Spanish-speaking elderly.
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Sidik, Heri Maulana, and Ariq Nurmahmuddin. "EFEKTIVITAS MODEL POE2WE TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI ALAT OPTIK." Jurnal Sains dan Pendidikan Fisika 16, no. 3 (December 5, 2020): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.35580/jspf.v16i3.16812.
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This study aims to determine student learning outcomes using the POE2WE (Prediction, Observation, Explanation, Elaboration, Write and Evaluation) model which is applied in the student learning process on optical instrument material. This research is an observational research and literature study. The observation research population was all SMA class XI students majoring in Mathematics and Natural Sciences. The objectives of this study were, 1) to determine how effective the POE2WE model is for learning physics in schools; and 2) to find out how effective the POE2WE model is on student learning outcomes in optical instrument material. The research sample consisted of 10 SMA class XI students majoring in Mathematics and Natural Sciences. The research instruments were questionnaires and knowledge tests conducted through online media such as Google Forms and Google Drive. The results of the data analysis explained that the application of the POE2WE model in learning physics on optical instrument material is: 1) Effectively applied in school learning; and 2) Effectively applied in learning physics on optical instrument material.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa menggunakan model POE2WE (Prediction, Observation, Explanation, Elaboration, Write and Evaluation) yang diterapkan dalam proses pembelajaran siswa pada materi alat optik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasi dan studi pustaka. Populasi penelitian observasi adalah seluruh siswa SMA kelas XI jurusan MIPA. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah, 1) untuk mengetahui seberapa efektif model POE2WE terhadap pembelajaran fisika di sekolah; dan 2) untuk mengetahui sebarapa efektif model POE2WE terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi alat optik. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 10 orang siswa SMA kelas XI jurusan MIPA. Instrumen penelitian berupa angket dan tes pengetahuan yang dilakukan melalui media online berupa Google Forms dan Google Drive. Hasil analisis data menjelaskan bahwa Penerapan model POE2WE dalam pembelajaran fisika pada materi alat optik adalah: 1) Efektif diterapkan dalam pembelajaran di sekolah; dan 2) Efektif diterapkan dalam pembelajaran fisika pada materi alat optik.
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Li, Ying, Wing-Keung Wong, Ming Jing Yang, Yang-Che Wu, and Tien-Trung Nguyen. "Modeling the Linkage between Vertical Contracts and Strategic Environmental Policy: Energy Price Marketization Level and Strategic Choice for China." Energies 15, no. 13 (June 21, 2022): 4509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134509.
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The lower price of energy leads to higher coal consumption in China. The idea of an “environment-for-trade policy” could be used to achieve an international competitive advantage, which, in turn, has important implications. To address the issue, we develop properties to examine the link between the low price of energy and strategic environmental policy in China and investigate the choice of policy instruments in a strategic environmental policy model with vertical contracts. In addition, to contribute to the literature on strategic environmental policy, this paper also develops properties to investigate different choices of instruments for the environmental policy and includes the degree of energy marketization for the wholesale price in the study. To do so, we assume that the wholesale price of the polluting input increases with the market price. By using this assumption, this paper analyzes the effects of two instruments of the environmental policy on social welfare and concludes that there is no reason to expect both downstream and upstream firms to establish a high wholesale price. Due to the low level of marketization, when the government selects an emission tax as the policy instrument, the optimal tax rates should be higher than the marginal damage of emissions. However, the optimal resource tax is uncertain when its effect on environmental damage is taken into account. In other words, the resource tax is ineffective as a policy instrument. Our results can be used to draw some practical policies for countries to use their energy effectively. To promote energy sustainability, governments should liberate resource prices and reform the system to get efficient environmental policies.
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Ehrmann, Klaus. "Vor- und Nachteile von Power Mapping bei weichen Kontaktlinsen." Optometry & Contact Lenses 4, no. 1 (November 29, 2023): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54352/dozv.ypnz6080.
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Purpose. To provide an overview of currently available meth- ods and instruments for the measurement of soft contact lens power maps, together with their advantages and potential shortcomings. Material and Methods. The three leading measurement prin- ciples of Moiré Fringe, Shack-Hartmann and Phase Shifting Schlieren were identified, and the relevant literature reviewed and technical specifications summarised. To demonstrate some of the potential deficiencies associated with optical power mapping, a series of measurements were conducted on toric, multifocal and extended depth of focus lenses, using one representative instrument. Raw measured data were analysed using various analysis tools and parameters. Results. Power maps and power profiles are presented for the various lens types. Different smoothing filter settings resulted in significantly different power profiles near the optical centre. The ‘Power versus Azimuth’ profiles showed unexpected results. Conclusion. While all three methods are generally reliable and easy to use, there are still some limitations which need to be considered when interpreting the results. In particular, the profile filter settings need to be chosen carefully for multifocal and extended depth of focus lenses. The need for accurate refractive index data for lens material and solution was demonstrated. Keywords Soft contact lenses, power maps, power profiles, Moiré Fringe, Shack-Hartmann, Phase Shifting Schlieren
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Spennacchio, Pietro, Alberto Vascellari, Davide Cucchi, Gian Canata, and Pietro Randelli. "Outcome evaluation after Achilles tendon ruptures. A review of the literature." Joints 04, no. 01 (January 2016): 052–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11138/jts/2016.4.1.052.
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The optimal treatment and the best rehabilitation protocol after an acute Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) remain a matter of controversy in orthopaedic and sports medicine. The use of validated injury-specific outcome instruments is the only way to clarify these issues, in order to ensure that patients receive the best possible treatment.This article describes the most commonly reported outcome measures used to assess patients treated for ATR. On the basis of the available evidence, the Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS) is the most appropriate outcome measure for evaluating the management of acute ATR.
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Zenyda, Kemaal S., Subiyanto, Ibnu Faizal, Nico Prayogo, and Noir P. Purba. "Evaluation of a New Integrated Marine Instruments: RHEA (Drifter GPS Oceanography Coverage Area)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 925, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/925/1/012057.
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Abstract Marine instrumentation is used to make optimal use of natural resources in the marine sector in the form of storing oceanographic characteristics data. This research aims to evaluate a new Lagrangian instrument called RHEA, developed by the Marine Research Laboratory, Padjadjaran University. This research was conducted by examining the correction factors contained in the RHEA from the mechanical and electronic side to optimize the work and carry out appropriate validation of the oceanographic parameter data. The method used is by studying marine instrument literature and conducting a series of tests on the tool until it is ready for use at sea. The output of this research is in the form of literature on how the device works to be effective and efficient in collecting data about certain oceanographic factors. The result shows that RHEA has various functions: measuring pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, turbidity, and salinity in real-time time. This instrument needs to be slightly modified again related to its design so that it can be more optimal when measuring oceanographic parameter data. In addition, in terms of data acquisition, it is necessary to improve the electronic components by replacing or adding several parts so that the data obtained can have high accuracy.
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González-Cámara, Marta, Alfonso Osorio, and Charo Reparaz. "Measurement and Function of the Control Dimension in Parenting Styles: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 17 (August 29, 2019): 3157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173157.
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Recent studies have shown different results in identifying which parenting style is the most beneficial for children, which has encouraged certain authors to wonder whether parental control is still needed for optimal parenting. As such investigations have been conducted with different measuring instruments, it is necessary to check whether the use of different instruments leads to different results. In order to figure this out, a systematic review of the recent literature (Web of Science and Scopus, 2000–2017) was carried out. This review found that, using certain instruments, parental control is associated with better outcomes in children, while using certain others, control is associated with worse outcomes. The difference seems to be in the way of measuring parental control.
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Yuliani, Euis Nina Saparina, I. Putu Gede Adiatmika, Ketut Tirtayasa, and Nyoman Adiputra. "Penerapan pendekatan ergonomi total dalam menurunkan kelelahan kerja: Studi literatur." Operations Excellence: Journal of Applied Industrial Engineering 13, no. 2 (August 5, 2021): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/oe.2021.v13.i2.019.
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Work fatigue is one of the factors that affect occupational health and safety. To create a good quality of occupational health, an approach that can be applied to reduce work fatigue is needed, so that good work performance can be achieved. The purpose of this study was to carry out a systematic literature study to determine the application of the Total Ergonomics Approach in reducing worker fatigue. This literature study is useful for explaining the Total Ergonomic Approach model, fatigue measurement instruments, and various improvement interventions carried out in various fields of work. The research method used is a systematic literature study through databases such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, Researchgate, and the Indonesian Scientific Repository-Neliti, using the keywords total ergonomics approach and work fatigue. The Total Ergonomic Approach Model was found to obtain optimal repair solutions, in the fields of industrial work, agriculture, education and hospitality, and others. Improvement interventions developed include improving work attitudes, working conditions, providing nutrition, and redesigning work tools. The measurement of work fatigue in all literature was carried out using a questionnaire instrument. Based on this literature study, there is a research gap to develop a model of a total ergonomics approach in the transportation sector to reduce logistics driver fatigue and to develop an objective and real-time fatigue measurement instrument. So that it can produce a contribution to creating quality health and safety for logistics drivers.
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Sigov, A. S., E. R. Lazarenko, N. B. Golovanova, O. A. Minaeva, S. I. Anevsky, R. V. Minaev, and P. Yu Pushkin. "Synchrotron radiation of a single electron application for optical spectroradiometry." Russian Technological Journal 11, no. 5 (October 6, 2023): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2023-11-5-71-80.
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Objectives. The investigations of optical radiation sources and metrological detector characteristics in the infrared (IR), visible, and air ultraviolet (UV) spectral regions are partially based on the unique metrological properties of synchrotron radiation. The aim of this work is to develop a high-precision method for determining the storage ring accelerated electron number with synchrotron radiation of a single electron to establish spectroradiometry and photometry units.Methods. By determining the number of accelerated electrons, any storage ring can be used to calculate the synchrotron radiation characteristics at wavelengths of many large then the critical wavelength in the visible, air UV, and IR regions of the spectrum. This makes it possible to determine the main metrological characteristics normalized to the number of electrons, such as luminous intensity, luminance, illuminance, radiant power, radiance, irradiance, etc., regardless of the energy of the electrons.Results. When applying the method for determining the number of accelerated electrons at low currents of the electronic storage ring, a total standard deviation of the number of accelerated electrons is less than 0.01% for an exposure range of the CCD matrix from 10−2 to 3 · 103 s in a wide dynamic range of 1−1010 electrons per orbit.Conclusions. The use of a CCD-based radiometer-comparator calibrated by responsivity on a synchrotron radiation source is particularly relevant in monitoring luminance contrast thresholds and spatial distribution of object and background brightness, as well as determining metrological characteristics of optoelectronic measuring instruments, including CCD cameras, radiometers, spectroradiometers and photometers.
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Klymenko, A. V., A. O. Steshenko, V. S. Tkachov, and M. M. Sofilkanych. "Specifics of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographyin patients with altered anatomy of gastrointestinal tract (a literature review)." Zaporozhye Medical Journal 23, no. 6 (October 29, 2021): 872–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14739/2310-1210.2021.6.232988.
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The aim of the work: analysis and integration of literature data regarding the technical and methodological implementation of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in altered anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract after gastric resection. Results. World literature data convincingly indicate the need for a staged approach to performing endoscopic retrograde cho langiopancreatography in patients with altered anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract. Scientific works state that the main stages are detailed examination of a past surgical history in patients, careful selection of suitable endoscopic instruments, afferent limb intubation, papilla of Vater cannulation and papillary interventions. The article describes the existing endoscopic instruments, modern techniques and approaches, their advantages and disadvantages, and the influence of various factors on the success of their use in comparison with traditional techniques for various types of surgical reconstruction for each of the above stages. The length of the afferent limb is one of the main factors that affect the success rates of the procedure. Conclusions. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with altered anatomy is complex and faces a number of challenges. Thanks to the development of special instruments and techniques, it can be performed even in patients with a long Roux-en-Y limb, reaching therapeutic success rates close to those in patients with normal anatomy, but this requires extensive experience of an endoscopist. There are currently no clear recommendations for the use of a particular technique; therefore the choice of the optimal strategy depends on the type of surgical reconstruction, surgeon skill level and endoscopy center facilities.
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Stewart, Lydia A., and Li-Ching Lee. "Screening for autism spectrum disorder in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review." Autism 21, no. 5 (February 10, 2017): 527–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361316677025.
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This review contributes to the growing body of global autism spectrum disorder literature by examining the use of screening instruments in low- and middle-income countries with respect to study design and methodology, instrument adaptation and performance, and collaboration with community stakeholders in research. A systematic review was conducted to understand the use of autism spectrum disorder screening instruments in low- and middle-income countries from studies published between 1992 and 2015. This review found that 18 different autism spectrum disorder screeners have been used in low- and middle-income settings with wide ranges of sensitivities and specificities. The significant variation in study design, screening methodology, and population characteristics limits the ability of this review to make robust recommendations about optimal screening tool selection. Clinical-based screening for autism spectrum disorder was the most widely reported method. However, community-based screening was shown to be an effective method for identifying autism spectrum disorder in communities with limited clinical resources. Only a few studies included in this review reported cultural adaptation of screening tools and collaboration with local stakeholders. Establishing guidelines for the reporting of cultural adaptation and community collaboration procedures as well as screening instrument psychometrics and screening methodology will enable the field to develop best practices for autism spectrum disorder screening in low-resource settings.
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Peralta, Alexander, Charles Nelson, and Cody Brownell. "Seasonal Changes in Atmospheric Optical Turbulence in a Near Maritime Environment Using Turbulence Flux Measurements." Atmosphere 14, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14010073.
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Light propagation through the atmosphere is affected by fluctuations in the refractive index along the path of propagation, called optical turbulence. In the atmospheric surface layer, these fluctuations are due mostly to turbulent mixing of variations in temperature. To this end, a characterization of the atmospheric surface layer above the water in Maryland, USA, is presented. Meteorological data were collected from a sensor array comprising two sonic anemometers and an infrared gas analyzer (IRGASON) over the 12-month period from January to December, 2021. The instruments were positioned vertically at heights of approximately 4 m, 6 m, and 8 m above the water. The temperature structure parameter CT2 was calculated and scaled using Monin–Obukhov assumptions. We find that the distribution of atmospheric stability presents as an approximately normal distribution during the winter and early spring, but is skewed negatively during the summer and late fall. We hypothesize that this could be due to a more stable stratification of the underlying water during summer months. Under unstable (−z/L) conditions, turbulent quantities including the temperature structure parameter scale in a manner consistent with the literature, but with generally better agreement during the summer months. Additionally, the CT2 estimations appear more consistent during the summer months across all values of (z/L). Under stable (+z/L) conditions, there are wide variations in CT2, which is also consistent with the literature.
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Fedorkov, A. L. "Wood quality estimation in tree breeding programmes (short literature review)." Forestry Bulletin 27, no. 4 (August 2023): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2023-4-30-35.
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The literature review concerning wood quality traits measuring in forest tree breeding programs is given. Methods of wood density measuring by Pilodin and different types of Resistograph are shortly described. Comparison study to measure Scots pine wood density by Pilodin and Resistograph revealed that Resistograph provide more precise wood density data than Pilodin. Method of measuring of wood stiffness an important wood mechanical property using acoustic velocity data is characterized. There is relationship between distortion of lumber and grain angle of wood fibers. Grain angle, i.e. spiral grain, refers to the degree of helical deviation from longitudinal arrangement of wood fibers. It can be measured with a wedge grain angle gauge hammered into a stem of a standing tree. It is shown, that microfibril angle (MFA), referring to the deviation of cellulose microfibrils in the layer of the secondary cell wall from the long axis of cell, is the main determinant of the mechanical properties of wood. There is shortly described the system of instruments with linked software (SilviScan), the main components of this system are optical cell scanner (for measurement of fiber size), X-ray densitometer (density profile and others) and X-ray diffractometer (microstructure traits). A minor negative relationship between growth and wood quality traits is noted, so the index selection is recommended under realization of tree breeding program. Some examples of genomic selection in tree breeding programs for wood quality are given.
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Grinevich, Ivans, and Natalija Mozga. "The Detection of Nut Driver's Optimal Working Regimes Taking into Account Power Consumption and Assembly Time during Fixed Threaded Joints Assembly." Solid State Phenomena 198 (March 2013): 681–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.198.681.
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In given article the nut drivers electric power consumption studies depending on the corresponding fixed threaded joints assembly time are made. So far there are no recommendations from the tool manufactures for nut drivers optimal operating modes (the conclusion is made based on the attached instructions which provide instrument manufacturers), when evaluating this aspect taking into account the electrical power consumption and assembly time for different types of fixed threaded joints (wood, metal, plastic, etc.) and also taking into account obtainable tightening moments. In the examined literature sources which deal with the opportunities concerning the optimization of the automated assembly processes of fixed threaded joints, not enough attention is paid to the reduction of the instruments energy consumption which is one of the main tasks in the industrial process because it directly impacts production costs.
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Molaie, Sama, and Paolo Lino. "Review of the Newly Developed, Mobile Optical Sensors for Real-Time Measurement of the Atmospheric Particulate Matter Concentration." Micromachines 12, no. 4 (April 9, 2021): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12040416.
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Due to the adverse effects on human health and the environment, air quality monitoring, specifically particulate matter (PM), has received increased attention over the last decades. Most of the research and policy actions have been focused on decreasing PM pollution and the development of air monitoring technologies, resulting in a decline of total ambient PM concentrations. For these reasons, there is a continually increasing interest in mobile, low-cost, and real-time PM detection instruments in both indoor and outdoor environments. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no recent literature review on the development of newly designed mobile and compact optical PM sensors. With this aim, this paper gives an overview of the most recent advances in mobile optical particle counters (OPCs) and camera-based optical devices to detect particulate matter concentration. Firstly, the paper summarizes the particulate matter effects on human health and the environment and introduces the major particulate matter classes, sources, and characteristics. Then, it illustrates the different theories, detection methods, and operating principles of the newly developed portable optical sensors based on light scattering (OPCs) and image processing (camera-based sensors), including their advantages and disadvantages. A discussion concludes the review by comparing different novel optical devices in terms of structures, parameters, and detection sensitivity.
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Prommer, Eric E. "Quality of Life and Myelodysplasia." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 5505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.5505.5505.
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The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are heterogeneous hematopoietic diseases associated with bone marrow failure, peripheral cytopenias, and a propensity for progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In 2000, an International Working Group (IWG) of investigators proposed standardized response criteria which included quality of life as an important treatment goal. Quality of life becomes important when we are presented with a patient who is not a candidate for intensive curative therapy for myelodysplasia. The purpose of this literature review is to determine what quality of life instruments are optimal for this disease process and review is to examine the types of quality of life tools that have been used in published phase II and III studies of myelodysplasia. The focus is on adult hematology, and excludes studies with curative intent such as bone marrow transplantation, as well as phase I studies. Clinical trials from 1996—2006 were reviewed. 80 clinical trials were analyzed for the presence of attention to quality of life data. 7 trials used a quality of life instrument. All of the studies which used a quality of life instrument were published after 2003. Types of quality of life instruments used were the (EORTC) QLQ-C30 FACT-An along with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) Short Form-12 (SF-12). The most common tool was the FACT-An. This was used in 5/7 studies that had quality of life tools. Of the 7 studies, 4 included the effect of therapy in all domains. The remainder focused on fatigue and/or anemia symptoms and their relation to quality of life. Conclusion: While the IWG response criteria have prompted consideration of quality of life as response criteria, there must be better uniformity in quality of life assessment, as well as determination of the optimal tool to use. A disease specific quality of life instrument should be considered one solution to this problem.
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Sepulveda, Cristian F. "Do Countries Really Deviate from the Optimal Tax System?" Public Finance Review 51, no. 1 (November 14, 2022): 76–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10911421221132670.
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One of the main goals of the literature on optimal tax systems is to reduce the gap between the highly stylized theory of optimal taxation and the practice of fiscal policy reform. Unfortunately, however, we know little about the extent to which the international experience follows the policy prescriptions derived from economic theory, or how those policy prescriptions would change with economic development. Based on the standard theory of optimal tax systems, this paper predicts the possible effects of economic development on the optimal level and composition of tax revenue and empirically tests these predictions with yearly data on three tax instruments from countries at different stages of development. In average, as countries develop, they are shown to collect more tax revenue and switch from regressive tax instruments like the value added tax, to more progressive taxes that become more productive with development, like the personal and corporate income taxes.
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Llop, Maria. "A Second-Best Analysis of Alternative Instruments for the Preservation of Natural Resources." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 19, 2020): 1562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041562.
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The literature on second-best environmental taxation provides us with a broad understanding of the welfare impacts of pollution regulation. However, most of the research undertaken to date has focused on environmental pollution, while other topics in environmental economics, such as the preservation of natural resources, have not warranted much attention in the optimal taxation literature. This paper uses a simple general-equilibrium model to analyze the welfare effects of taxes on final goods, taxes on natural resources, and extraction permits with a second-best approach based on the existence of initial distortionary taxes. This analysis not only takes into account the non-use utility of the mere existence of natural resources, but also captures the consequences of enjoying environmental goods on labor supply decisions, through the use-value attributed to natural resources. The comparison of the welfare impacts of a tax on final consumption and a tax on the use of natural resources is not conclusive. A consumption tax leads to a higher primary welfare effect than a resources tax, while taxing natural goods generates more revenue-recycling income than taxing consumption goods. In addition, as extraction permits do not generate new public revenues to reduce pre-existing distortionary taxes, this intervention entails the highest welfare costs.
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Massaro, F., S. V. White, A. García-Pérez, A. Jimenez-Gallardo, A. Capetti, C. C. Cheung, W. R. Forman, et al. "Powerful Radio Sources in the Southern Sky. I. Optical Identifications." Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 265, no. 2 (March 15, 2023): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/acaf05.
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Abstract Since the early sixties, our view of radio galaxies and quasars has been drastically shaped by discoveries made thanks to observations of radio sources listed in the Third Cambridge Catalog and its revised version (3CR). However, the largest fraction of data collected to date on 3CR sources was performed with relatively old instruments, rarely repeated and/or updated. Importantly, the 3CR contains only objects located in the Northern Hemisphere, thus having limited access to new and innovative astronomical facilities. To mitigate these limitations, we present a new catalog of powerful radio sources visible from the Southern Hemisphere, extracted from the GLEAM 4 Jy (G4Jy) catalog and based on equivalent selection criteria as the 3CR. This new catalog, named G4Jy-3CRE, where the E stands for “equivalent,” lists a total of 264 sources at decl. below −5° and with 9 Jy limiting sensitivity at ∼178 MHz. We explored archival radio maps obtained with different surveys and compared them with optical images available in the Pan-STARRS, DES, and DSS databases to search for optical counterparts of their radio cores. We compared mid-infrared counterparts, originally associated in the G4Jy, with the optical ones identified here, and we present results of a vast literature search carried out to collect redshift estimates for all G4Jy-3CRE sources resulting in a total of 145 reliable z measurements.
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Avelia Wardin, Silvy, and Irdhan Epria Darma Putra. "PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN REKORDER MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI WHATSAPP DI KELAS VII.5 SMPN 2 PARIAMAN." Jurnal Sendratasik 9, no. 4 (December 5, 2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jsu.v9i1.109553.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to describe the implementation of recorder learning using WhatsApp application in class VII.5 at SMPN 2 Pariaman.This is a qualitative research using descriptive method. The main instrument in this study was the researcher itself and was assisted by supporting instruments such as writing instruments and cameras. The data were collected through literature study, interview, observation, and documentation. The steps for analyzing data are collecting the data, describing the data, and making conclusions.The results show that the implementation of learning using WhatsApp application at SMP Negeri 2 Pariaman, especially in class VII.5, has not been carried out well because not all students participate in the process of online learning. There are obstacles in the implementation of online learning such as internet connection, internet loads. In addition, there are still some students who do not have cellphones. As a result, there are many students who do not participate in the learning process using WhatsApp application. At the presentation and delivery stage, the teacher only gives assignments to students through group chat or voice messages on WhatsApp groups that have been made specifically for learning Cultural and Arts. The training and practice stages are not optimal because the activities cannot be directly controlled by the teacher.Keyword: recorder, whatsapp, online study, learning process
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A, Scagliotti. "Overview of Optical Technology for Aerosols Characterization." Physical Science & Biophysics Journal 6, no. 2 (October 12, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/psbj-16000222.
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The study of the optical properties of particles in micro and macro environments is a field that collects valuable information on the chemistry and microphysics of aerosols (referring to particles and gases). Constant improvements in instrument and detector designs and mechanisms enable measurements with ever-increasing precision and resolution. Moreover, in recent years low-cost open-source technology has emerged as a massive offer, with very good features, which has allowed low-income laboratories and institutions to carry out their own optical measurements on samples and systems of different natures. This review aims to present the main current advances in optical measurements of air samples using optical properties. Emphasis is placed on low-cost technology and its characterization and applications due to its current boom and mass marketing, with the added value of new scientific articles showing advances in its uses and applications. On the one hand, the theory behind spectral photometric measurements is described, and on the other, the bases for detection from the scattering of a coherent light beam. Finally, the main advances in the literature making use of these phenomena are described, complemented with general results of own measurements. In order to focus the analysis, these aspects are presented based on atmospheric measurements.
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Galkin, V. D., F. Immler, G. A. Alekseeva, F. H. Berger, U. Leiterer, T. Naebert, I. N. Nikanorova, V. V. Novikov, V. P. Pakhomov, and I. B. Sal'nikov. "Analysis of the application of the optical method to the measurements of the water vapor content in the atmosphere – Part 1: Basic concepts of the measurement technique." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 4, no. 5 (May 10, 2011): 843–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-843-2011.
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Abstract. We retrieved the total content of the atmospheric water vapor (or Integrated Water Vapor, IWV) from extensive sets of photometric data obtained since 1995 at Lindenberg Meteorological Observatory with star and sun photometers. Different methods of determination of the empirical parameters that are necessary for the retrieval are discussed. The instruments were independently calibrated using laboratory measurements made at Pulkovo Observatory with the VKM-100 multi-pass vacuum cell. The empirical parameters were also calculated by the simulation of the atmospheric absorption by water vapor, using the MODRAN-4 program package for different model atmospheres. The results are compared to those presented in the literature, obtained with different instruments and methods of the retrieval. The reliability of the empirical parameters, used for the power approximation that links the water vapor content with the observed absorption, is analyzed. Currently, the total (from measurements, calibration, and calculations) errors yield the standard uncertainty of about 10 % in the total column water vapor. We discuss the possibilities for improving the accuracy of calibration to ~1 % as indispensable condition in order to make it possible to use data obtained by optical photometry as an independent reference for other methods (GPS, MW-radiometers, lidar, etc).
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Gavkalyuk, Bogdan, Oleg Savoshinsky, and Alina Prishchenko. "DEVELOPMENT OF A SMOKE GENERATING DEVICE SIMULATING A TEST FIRE WHEN CONDUCTING COMPREHENSIVE TESTS OF FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS." Scientific and analytical journal «Vestnik Saint-Petersburg university of State fire service of EMERCOM of Russia» 2023, no. 4 (December 30, 2023): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.61260/2218-130x-2024-2023-4-26-35.
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The work analyzes scientific and technical literature and open commercial information on methods and instruments for assessing the performance of smoke fire detectors.
It has been revealed that the use of special aerosol smoke simulators for the purpose of comprehensive testing of smoke fire detectors is associated with the danger of exceeding the optical density of smoke, which significantly complicates evacuation. As a new solution, the use of portable smoke generators «Kiparis» (St and 0,6St) is proposed, capable of generating a flow
of smoke, the optical properties of which are similar to the smoke from the combustion of test fires TP-1, TP-2, TP-3 and TP-4. Mathematical modeling of the combustion of a test fire TP-1 (open burning of wood) in accordance with GOST 34698–2020 «Fire detectors. General technical requirements. Test methods» has been conducted. During the model experiment, it was shown that the portable smoke generator «Kiparis» is capable of generating smoke with an optical density comparable to that of smoke from the combustion of test fires, which is a practical justification for using the smoke generator «Kiparis» instead of test fires.
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Fábio dos Santos Borges, Rodrigo Soliva Jahara, Patrícia Froes Meyer, Aline Carolina T. de Almeida, Mylana Almeida, and Adriana Clemente Mendonça. "Complications from laser Endolift use: Case series and literature review." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 16, no. 3 (December 30, 2023): 023–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2023.16.3.0496.
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Introduction: The endolift technique has become known for using a laser beam with a 1470 nm wavelength emitted through an optical fiber inserted into the subdermal tissue with the aim of reducing subcutaneous fat and/or toning the skin through neocollagenesis. In Brazil it became popular and commonly called endolaser or endolift laser, as in addition to 1470 nm it also uses a length of 980 nm with the same therapeutic goals. Few complications have been previously reported, most of which include mild and transient erythema, edema, ecchymosis, and nerve palsy. However, the incidence of most serious cases has increased in Brazilian territory. Objective: This study aimed to describe the authors' experience through several cases of complications resulting from endolift or endolaser technique application in Br0061’zil, and which brought to light to some important complications after the procedure. Also, it brings a brief review of the world literature on the subject. Materials and methods: It was carried out exploratory research presented in a narrative review, to highlight the action of the endolift (1470 nm) or endolaser (980 nm) technique used in the treatment of aesthetic dysfunctions. The review explored scientific articles published and available in the following databases: MEDLINE (Online Medical Literature Analysis and Recovery System), PubMed (National Library of Medicine), SCIELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), LILACS (Latin American Literature and of the Caribbean in Health Sciences), and Google Schoolar. Furthermore, it was were added to this study a series of complications cases from the using endolift/endolaser technique which happened in Brazil in a multicentric manner and developed with the use of various commercially available devices. Results: It was found that the endolift laser technique has the potential to cause important injuries during and after its use when used without suitable criteria for antisepsis, dosimetry and skin temperature controlling. The most common complications described in this study are peripheral neuropathies, burns, local infection and steatonecrosis, the latter considered the main one. However, it was also identified general complications such as hematoma, edema, hyperchromia and optic fiber breaks. Conclusion: Despite the few reports in the world literature, serious secondary complications to the use of subdermal laser using fiber optics (1470 nm and/or 980 nm) are totally possible of happening and have become common in Brazil. Therefore, deserving full attention to the adoption of appropriate application techniques to minimize such complications, among them: greater dosimetric control, adoption of appropriate instruments to better control skin temperature, and greater rigor regarding biosafety measures (mainly antisepsis) when handling the required instrument to perform the technique.