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1

Schroeder, W. A. "Optical phase conjugation by stimulated Brillouin scattering." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46505.

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2

Bor, Sheau-Shong. "Phase conjugation characteristics of Gaussian beam /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487262825076392.

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3

Anikeev, Igorʹ Yu. "Study of limiting factors and methods of optical phase conjugation by stimulated Brillouin scattering." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha597.pdf.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 205-227) A study of phase conjugation by stimulated Brillouin scattering is presented with emphasis on the limiting factors, such as aperture and polarization losses, spatial coherence and saturation of the incident wave on the quality of phase conjugation, as well as the application of stimulated Brillouin scattering to loop phase-cojugated mirror and intracavity-SBS-cell-phase-conjugated oscillator.
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4

HOLM, DAVID ALLEN. "QUANTUM THEORY OF MULTIWAVE MIXING (RESONANCE FLUORESCENCE, SATURATION SPECTROSCOPY, MODULATION, PHASE CONJUGATION, QUANTUM NOISE)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187980.

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This dissertation formulates and applies a theory describing how one or two strong classical waves and one or two weak quantum mechanical waves interact in a two-level medium. The theory unifies many topics in quantum optics, such as resonance fluorescence, saturation spectroscopy, modulation spectroscopy, the build up of laser and optical bistability instabilities, and phase conjugation. The theory is based on a quantum population pulsation approach that resembles the semiclassical theories, but is substantially more detailed. Calculations are performed to include the effects of inhomogeneous
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5

Devrelis, Vladimyros. "Fidelity of optical phase conjugation using stimulated brillouin scattering /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phd514.pdf.

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6

Ridley, Kevin Dennis. "Novel phase conjugation techniques based on stimulated Brillouin scattering." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282087.

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7

Kaczmarek, M. "Dynamics of resonant degenerate four-wave mixing and applications in gaseous media." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.291286.

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8

Smout, A. M. C. "Studies of novel photorefractive behaviour in self-pumped barium titanate." Thesis, University of Essex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233022.

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9

Lindsay, Iain. "Optical phase conjugation in photorefractive materials and its application to image processing." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47541.

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10

Bach, Tobias. "Optical phase conjugation for laser beam clean-up with Sn₂P₂S₆ crystals /." Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17826.

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11

Tang, Xuefeng. "Optical phase conjugation and its application in the compensation of fiber Kerr nonlinearities." Lorient, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LORIS052.

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Avec l'augmentation du débit et du nombre de canaux dans les télécommunications optiques, la non linéarité de la fibre, en particulier l'effet de Kerr, est considérée comme une des limitations les plus importantes de la performance au niveau de la transmission. La conjugaison de phase optique (OPC, optical phase conjugation), une technique optique non-linéaire, reçoit de plus en plus d'attention grâce à sa capacité à compenser la dispersion, ainsi que les effets non linaires. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions le processus de la compensation pour les effets non linéaires, incluant l'auto-modulati
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12

KARAGULEFF, CHRIS. "DEGENERATE FOUR WAVE MIXING IN THIN FILM OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES (NONLINEAR OPTICS, INTEGRATED, PHASE CONJUGATION, SIGNAL PROCESSING)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187908.

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The incentive for conducting Degenerate Four Wave Mixing (DFWM) within guided wave devices is two-fold: (1) By coupling the optical beams into guided wave devices, the optical power densities can be increased orders of magnitude due to the tight confinement of the beams. Such an increase in power density means a concomitant increase in conversion efficiency of the signal beam. (2) The potential signal processing applications of DFWM (logic gates, switching, correlation/convolution), particularly for ultra-fast serial processing, would be better exploited, and adjoined to existing integrated ci
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13

Rousseau, Emmanuel. "Efficient, fast, low power, optical phase conjugation using two-photon-induced Zeeman coherence in rubidium." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47402.

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14

Sayano, Koichi Yariv Amnon. "Photorefractive properties of ferroelectric materials for optical phase conjugation, two-beam coupling, and holographic storage /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1990. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-11072006-135048.

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15

Knittle, James Eugene. "Bioanalytical and photophysical applications of sensitive nonlinear wave-mixing spectroscopy based on laser-induced gratings /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3138952.

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16

Liu, Siuying Raymond. "Spatiotemporal behavior and nonlinear dynamics in a phase conjugate resonator." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40099.

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The work described in this dissertation can be divided into two parts. The first part is an investigation of the transient behavior and stability property of a phase conjugate resonator (PCR) below threshold. The second part is an experimental and theoretical study of the PCR's spatiotemporal dynamics above threshold. The time-dependent coupled wave equations for four-wave mixing (FWM) in a photorefractive crystal, with two distinct interaction regions caused by feedback from an ordinary mirror, was used to model the transient dynamics of a PCR below threshold. Analytical expressions of the
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17

Lo, Kanwai Peter. "Iterative image processing using a cavity with a phase-conjugate mirror: possibilities and limitations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39777.

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An optical image feedback system utilizing a cavity with a phase-conjugate mirror (PCM) has been studied. A new theory, based on operators, is developed to describe the steady-state output of the cavity. The use of operators allows one to describe the various optical operations and transformations needed in the optical implementation of iterative algorithms. The characteristics of the cavity are discussed using an expansion of the cavity fields in the cavity eigenfunctions. Several image processing applications using a PCM cavity are proposed and are studied using computer simulations. These
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18

Faulkner, Helen Mary Louise. "Studies in phase and inversion problems for dynamical electron diffraction." Connect to thesis, 2003. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/2880.

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This thesis examines problems in electron diffraction and related areas of theoretical optics. It begins with a study of the phase of a quantum mechanical wave function and the behaviour of phase vortices and vortex cores. Several rules for vortex core evolution are given and simulated vortex trajectories are studied. These simulations show that in electron microscopy at atomic resolution and in other similar situations, vortices occur in the wave functions very frequently. This means any image processing methods which deal with the wave function phase must permit vortices to occur. In this co
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19

Karsaklian, dal Bosco Andreas. "Chaos and high-frequency self-pulsations in a laser diode with phase-conjugate feedback." Phd thesis, Supélec, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00963630.

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This thesis is a theoretical and experimental study of the dynamics of an edge-emitting laser diode (850 nm) with phase-conjugate feedback. The experimental device is designed to see the dynamical range of the laser through the temporal and spectral properties while the feedback rate varies. Phase-conjugate feedback is performed through four-wave mixing in a photorefractive crystal. The propagation time of the laser beam in the external cavity is termed external time delay. Under the effect of the feedback, the system shows a wide dynamical range including chaos and self-pulsing states which c
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20

Leggatt, Jonathan Stewart. "Phase conjugation using CO←2 lasers." Thesis, University of Hull, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292686.

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21

Fahmi, Abdelilah. "Contrôle des effets non linéaires dans des liquides en mélange d'ondesApplication à la mesure de la susceptibilité non linéaire et à la conjugaison de phase." Angers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ANGE0022.

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La mesure des susceptibilités non linéaires d'ordre 3 dans des matériaux nécessite une bonne maitrise de l'ensemble des non-linéarités apparaissant dans ces matériaux en particulier dans les expériences faites en mélanges d'ondes. L'étude présentée est consacrée à la maitrise des non-linéarités dans des matériaux de référence. Nous avons montré la présence d'une diffusion Rayleigh stimulée des cs#2 et des absorptions linéaire et non linéaire dans c#6h#5no#2. Ces effets diminuent considérablement la réflectivité de conjugaison de phase par mélange quatre ondes dégénéré. L'analyse théorique et l
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22

Martel, Gilles. "Etude de l'effet photoréfractif dans la tellure de cadmium : application à l'interconnexion en espace libre par double miroir à conjugaison de phase." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES076.

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Cette thèse traite des propriétés électroniques et optiques, ainsi que des applications en holographie dynamique (photoréfractivité) du tellure de cadmium et de ses alliages à base de zinc. La caractérisation s'est orientée vers l'alliage photoréfractif le plus prometteur : le Cd1-xZnxTe dopé V avec 0x%)4. La croissance retenue pour la réalisation de ces matériaux fut la méthode Bridgman verticale asymétrique. La caractérisation photoréfractive par la technique du mélange à deux ondes nous a permis de sélectionner les matériaux qui autorisent les rendements de diffraction les plus favorables à
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23

Le, Bihan Eric. "Mélange à deux ondes et mélange à quatre ondes dans la vapeur de sodium : effets d'auto-oscillation." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066235.

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24

Lamb, Robert Andrew. "The application of phase conjugation to high power lasers using stimulated Brillouin scattering." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262650.

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25

Korwan, Daniel R. "Spatiotemporal dynamics of a photorefractive phase-conjugate resonator." Diss., This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-152143/.

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26

Catunda, Tomaz. "Conjugação de fase e modulação transversal de fase em cristais dopados com Cr+3." Universidade de São Paulo, 1989. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/54/54131/tde-21052007-100620/.

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Neste trabalho estudamos teórica e experimentalmente o efeito de Conjugação de Fase por Mistura Degenerada de Quatro Ondas (CFMD40) e Modulação Transversal de Fase em cristais dopados com Cr+3. Estudamos a CFMD40 em Al2O3:Cr+3 (rubi) e GdAlO3:Cr+3 com um laser de Ar (em λ=514nm) obtendo um bom acordo entre os resultados experimentais e os teóricos (nestes cálculos usamos os valores de n2 de um trabalho anterior [1]). O modelo teórico que fizemos explica muito bem o comportamento de saturação da eficiência da CFMD40 que não era compreendido em trabalhos anteriores [47,48.2]. Usando os me
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27

Souza, Paulo Cesar de. "Estudo de Efeitos Transientes na Conjugação de Fase em Cristais Dopados com \'Cr POT. 3+\': Modelo e Experiência." Universidade de São Paulo, 1998. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43133/tde-05082013-115037/.

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Nós estudamos experimentalmente e teoricamente Efeitos Transientes em conjugação de Fase por Mistura Degenerada de Quatro ondas em cristais dopados com Cr POT. 3+. Estudamos os efeitos transientes na conjugação de fase em Al IND 2 O IND. 2 : Cr POT. 3+ (Rubi) e GdAl O IND. 3 Cr POT. 3+ (aluminato de gadolíneo) com um laser de Ar POT. + (em =514,5nm). Um novo modelo teórico é apresentado que explica razoavelmente os resultados experimentais cuja compreensão anterior pela literatura era devido somente pela parte absortiva do índice de refração[12] pois em cristais dopados com Cr POT. 3+ (Al IND.
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28

Er-Rhaimini, Salih. "Reconstruction d'image par rétrodiffusion stimulée Raman et amélioration du rendement de conversion." Angers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ANGE0007.

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La rétrodiffusion Raman stimulée peut être utilisée pour différentes applications, en particulier la fabrication des fréquences laser nouvelles et conjugaison de phase. Dans notre travail, nous montrons qu'il est possible de transférer sur le rayonnement Raman stimule l'image d'un objet éclairé par un faisceau laser avec de bons rendements de conversion. Nous améliorons d'abord le rendement de rétrodiffusion en choisissant des matériaux actifs (exemple : l'acétone) et des conditions géométriques d'excitation convenables. Nous trouvons les conditions géométriques et énergétiques pour un bon tra
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29

Lavoine, Jean-Pascal. "Role de la dynamique d'un milieu non lineaire en melange a quatre ondes." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13223.

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Etude du role de la dynamique des materiaux en optique non lineaire et analyse de la formation et de la propagation de l'onde conjuguee lors d'une experience de conjugaison de phase realisee avec des champs impulsionnels. Description theorique des melanges a quatre ondes dans le formalisme de la matrice densite. Celle-ci est obtenue par un traitement en perturbation, le milieu etant modelise par n systemes a deux niveaux. Cette etude est le point de depart de l'analyse du melange a quatre ondes en termes de reseaux. Apres avoir donne une expression analytique de l'onde conjuguee, les condition
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30

Huang, Yi-An, and 黃奕安. "PSTD analysis of optical phase conjugation." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17720021234908478675.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>光電工程學研究所<br>100<br>In the thesis, we show the development of a simulation tool for optical phase conjugation (OPC) phenomenon. We use the pseudospectral time-domain (PSTD) algorithm to implement our OPC simulation. The PSTD simulation is computationally efficient and memory-economic, enabling accurate modeling of the OPC phenomenon of light penetration through large-scale turbid media. In PSTD algorithm, however, we have a few problems to cope with, including the construction of a light source and an OPC mirror. To avoid the hard-source artificial reflection, a light source is
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31

Jayanth, P. "Photorefractive Crystals : Optical Phase Conjugation And Phase Conjugate Interferometry." Thesis, 1996. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/1590.

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Jayanth, P. "Photorefractive Crystals : Optical Phase Conjugation And Phase Conjugate Interferometry." Thesis, 1996. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1590.

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Dung, Jeng-Cherng, and 董正成. "Optical soliton transmission with filters and optical phase conjugation." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39684676006729537597.

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博士<br>國立交通大學<br>光電工程研究所<br>84<br>In this thesis, we mainly study the optical soliton transmission system with filters and optical phase conjugation. The four wave mixing effect in a wavelength- division-multiplexing soliton transmission system is also presented as an additional contribution. Both methods can be used to improve the soliton transmission. One is touse a filter after each optical amplifier. The filter with fixed centerfrequency stabilizes the carrier frequency of
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34

Ting, Wei-Lun, and 丁偉倫. "Simulation and Analysis of Digital Optical Phase Conjugation." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86812521498990438018.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>光電工程學研究所<br>101<br>Wavefront of the light propagating through a turbid medium would be distorted severely due to the scattering phenomenon and hence we can barely see objects behind the turbid medium. To overcome that challenge, we introduce the optical phase conjugation (OPC) to suppress the distortion caused by incoherent scattering of a turbid medium. However, conventional OPC is limited due to its minute phase conjugation reflectivity, which is defined as the power ratio of the phase conjugate signal to the input signal, and the requirements of specialized light sources a
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35

Jang, Mooseok. "Optical Phase Conjugation and Its Applications in Biology." Thesis, 2016. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/9771/1/Mooseok_Jang_2016_Thesis.pdf.

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<p>Optical phase conjugation is a process where an incoming electromagnetic wave is reflected with a reversed phase. The propagation direction of an incoming beam (equivalently, local phase gradient) can thereby be precisely reversed by the phase conjugate beam. This intriguing effect, so called "time-reversal of electromagnetic waves," allows cancellation of spatial distortion introduced into the incoming beam. Recently, this concept has provided a new avenue to overcome or utilize random scattering in the field of biophotonics.</p> <p>This thesis discusses a number of interrelated topics
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36

Chen, Wei-Hsin, and 陳瑋鑫. "The Study of Digital Optical Phase Conjugation and Novelty Filtering Based on Kitty Self-Pumped Phase Conjugator." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96328607411606473263.

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碩士<br>國立中央大學<br>光電科學與工程學系<br>101<br>In this thesis, we propose a new method for the alignment of a digital optical phase conjugator (DOPC) and the design of a phase conjugate novelty filter based on the Kitty self-pumped phase conjugate mirror (Kitty-SPPCM). Kitty-SPPCM has advantages such like short response time and insensitivity to the environment. Our method of DOPC alignment includes all benefits for DOPC from various literature methods. Additionally, we design a phase conjugate novelty filter with Kitty-SPPCM and electro-optic modulator (EOM). In this research, we apply the phase conjuga
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Ryan, James R. "Optical phase conjugation via four-wave mixing in barium titanate." Thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/22015.

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Morton, Kenneth Patterson. "Optical phase conjugation via stimulated Brillouin scattering in carbon disulfide." Thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23452.

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Lee, Chiang-Suo, and 李將碩. "Analyzing Diffraction Limit and Optical Phase Conjugation via FDTD Method." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93298775921764050725.

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碩士<br>臺灣大學<br>光電工程學研究所<br>98<br>In this thesis, the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique is applied to analyze the relationship of evanescent wave and diffraction limit. We employ 2D FDTD to simulate sub-wavelength single slit diffraction and observe the instantaneous Poynting vector in steady-state. We find that the magnitude of the instantaneous Poynting vector varies periodically, while the direction remains unchanged. By comparing the result with the instantaneous Poynting vector of total internal reflection evanescent wave, we think that the diffracted waves of sub-wavelength
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Kai-ShengChen and 陳楷升. "Practical Phase Conjugation for Compensating Fiber Nonlinearity over Optical Communication Systems." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43584492187984950124.

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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>電腦與通信工程研究所<br>100<br>Self-phase modulation (SPM) and cross-phase modulation (SPM) are leading nonlinear transmission penalty in optical communication systems. In nonlinear optical media, an interesting phenomenon of the intensity dependence of the refractive index occurs through SPM or XPM, which leads to spectral broadening of optical pulses and therefor degrade system performance. A novel scheme for fiber nonlinearity compensation based on the principles of optical phase conjugation (OPC) is proposed to reduce the phase distortion in optical communications. A phase modulator
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Jaatinen, Esa. "Using photorefractive oscillators to obtain single mode radiation from multi-mode fields." Phd thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/138445.

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CHEN, ZHI-MING, and 陳志明. "Recovery of an optical wave in a turbulent medium by phase conjugation." Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01728261097544547306.

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Yeh, Ming-Yu, and 葉明瑜. "Analysis of Digital Optical Phase Conjugation byUsing Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57266338074551852449.

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碩士<br>臺灣大學<br>光電工程學研究所<br>98<br>Due to the complex structure of biological tissues, wave propagateing through turbid medium generates interference and diffraction, generally the image is scattered and blurred. However, in nonlinear optics, with the technique of optical phase conjugation (OPC), for wave propagating through OPC, the wave refocuses to initial emanating point. Digital optical phase conjugation (DOPC) combines electro optical modulator (EOM) and spatial light modulator (SLM), which records forward scattering wave information and digitally reverses the phase information. In this th
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44

"System applications of optical phase modulation in optical metropolitan and access networks." Thesis, 2004. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6074770.

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For packet-switched metro networks, one of the key functional blocks is the transmission, extraction and update of in-band packet control information, which is commonly known as packet label swapping. The use of phase modulation to carry the control information can facilitate easy swapping process. By combining phase modulated label with intensity modulated optical packets in non-overlapping manners, we demonstrated that optical packet label swapping using differential phase-shift keyed labels could be achieved without any sacrifices in packet signal quality.<br>In packet-switched optical netw
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45

GUO, ZHEN-LONG, and 郭振隆. "Nonlinear optics of nematic liquid crystals:degenerate four-wave mixing and optical phase conjugation." Thesis, 1990. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02762015993334516767.

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博士<br>國立交通大學<br>光電工程研究所<br>79<br>Properties of degenerate four7 wave mixing process, including both the forward7 and backward7 wave interaction geometries, in homeotropically aligned nematic liquid7 crystal films are extensively studied in theis dissertation. The optimization of electric bias, material and geometric parameters on the diffraction efficiency as well as the influence of optical and electric fields on the quality of optical phase conjugation are analyzed in a detailed manner. The third7 order nonlinearity
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You, Min-Lun, and 游旻倫. "Simulation of detune wavelength analysis for light focusing scattering medium via optical phase conjugation." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/apxgva.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>光電工程學研究所<br>105<br>By employing the optical phase conjugation (OPC) phenomenon, light can be guided through and focus inside the scattering medium. In this thesis, we investigate the effect of wavelength detune on the focusing of light inside a scattering medium. We implement the pseudospectral time-domain simulation technique (PSTD) to model the focusing of OPC light with the wavelength detuned: from 99.5% to 100.5%. By modeling light propagation through various geometrical conditions, we analyze the effect of wavelength detune on the focusing of CW light through a scattering
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47

"Photophysics and nonlinear optics based on dye-doped sol-gel silica." 1998. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6073111.

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Lam Sio Kuan.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-116).<br>Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.<br>Mode of access: World Wide Web.<br>Abstracts in English and Chinese.
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48

Yu, Wenqian. "Applications of the photorefractive effect in mutually pumped phase conjugators and planar waveguides." Phd thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144736.

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Hou, Zhi-Shun, and 侯智舜. "The study of digital optical phase conjugation which enlarges the power of reconstructed object light." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/g56neu.

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碩士<br>國立中央大學<br>光電科學與工程學系<br>103<br>In this thesis, we improve the digital optical phase conjugation ( DOPC ) based on Kitty self-pumped phase conjugate mirror ( Kitty-SPPCM ) to enlarge the power of the object light and synchronize the reconstruction light with the record of object light. Then we try to design an in-time DOPC, use the reconstructed object light to scan, reconstruct different time’s object light, and compute the other reconstruction phase distribution. The enlarged power of the object light and the reconstruction which synchronizes with the record by our DOPC, will improve the
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Tseng, Chia-Ta, and 曾家達. "Simulation of controlling focus spot in the scattering medium by using optical phase conjugation technique." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/u85r6n.

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Abstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>光電工程學研究所<br>103<br>Focusing light through the scattering medium is the optical application due to penetration of biomedical optics. In this thesis, we introduce the novel method of optical phase conjugation (OPC) to focus light inside the scattering medium. In order to observe this phenomenon, we provide the numerical method of pseudospectral time-domain (PSTD) technique to simulate the OPC focusing. PSTD simulation technique is employed to obtain numerical solutions of Maxwell’s equations. PSTD technique is good for simulating large space problems and reducing the computer sto
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