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1
Rad, Mohammad M. "Passive optical network (PON) monitoring using optical coding technology." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21923.
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Les réseaux optiques passifs (PON) semblent être la technologie gagnante et ultime du futur pour les "fibres jusqu'au domicile" ayant une haute capacité. L'écoute de contrôle de ce genre de système est nécessaire pour s'assurer un niveau de qualité de service prédéterminé pour chaque client. En outre, l'écoute de contrôle réduit considérablement les dépenses en capital et de fonctionnement (CAPEX et OPEX), tant pour le fournisseur du réseau que les clients. Alors que la capacité des PON est croissante, les gestionnaires de réseau ne disposent pas encore d'une technologie efficace et appropriée pour l'écoute de contrôle des réseaux de capacité aussi élevée. Une variété de solutions a été proposée. Toutes ces dernières solutions ne sont pas pratiques à cause de leur faible capacité (nombre de clients), d'une faible évolutivité, d'une grande complexité et des défis technologiques. Plus important encore, la technologie souhaitable pour l'écoute de contrôle devrait être rentable car le marché des PON est très sensible aux coûts. Dans cette thèse, nous considérons l'application de la technologie du codage optique passif (OC) comme une solution prometteuse pour l'écoute de contrôle centralisée d'un réseau optique ramifié tels que les réseaux PON. Dans la première étape, nous développons une expression pour le signal détecté par l'écoute de contrôle et étudions ses statistiques. Nous trouvons une nouvelle expression explicite pour le rapport signal utile/signal brouillé (SIR) comme outil de mesure métrique de performance. Nous considérons cinq distributions PON géographiques différentes et étudions leurs effets sur l'SIR pour l'écoute de contrôle d'OC. Dans la prochaine étape, nous généralisons notre modèle mathématique et ses expressions pour le contrôle des signaux détectés par un détecteur quadratique et des paramètres réalistes. Nous évaluons ensuite les performances théoriques de la technologie basée sur l'écoute de contrôle selon le rapport signal/bruit (SNR), le rapport signal/bruit plus coefficient d'interférence (SNIR), et la probabilité de fausse alarme. Nous élaborons l'effet de la puissance d'impulsion transmise, la taille du réseau et la cohérence de la source lumineuse sur le rendement des codes unidimensionnels (ID) et bidimensionnels (2D) de l'écoute de contrôle d'OC. Une conception optimale est également abordée. Enfin, nous appliquons les tests de Neyman-Pearson pour le récepteur de notre système d'écoute de contrôle et enquêtons sur la façon dont le codage et la taille du réseau affectent les dépenses de fonctionnement (OPEX) de notre système d'écoute de contrôle. Malgré le fait que les codes ID et 2D fournissent des performances acceptables, elles exigent des encodeurs avec un nombre élevé de composants optiques : ils sont encombrants, causent des pertes, et ils sont coûteux. Par conséquent, nous proposons un nouveau schéma de codage simple et plus approprié pour notre application de l'écoute de contrôle que nous appelons le codage périodique. Par simulation, nous évaluons l'efficacité de l'écoute de contrôle en terme de SNR pour un PON employant cette technologie. Ce système de codage est utilisé dans notre vérification expérimentale de l'écoute de contrôle d'OC. Nous étudions expérimentalement et par simulation, l'écoute de contrôle d'un PON utilisant la technologie de codage périodique. Nous discutons des problèmes de conception pour le codage périodique et les critères de détection optimale. Nous développons également un algorithme séquentiel pour le maximum de vraisemblance avec une complexité réduite. Nous menons des expériences pour valider notre algorithme de détection à l'aide de quatre encodeurs périodiques que nous avons conçus et fabriqués. Nous menons également des simulations de Monte-Carlo pour des distributions géographiques de PON réalistes, avec des clients situés au hasard. Nous étudions l'effet de la zone de couverture et la taille du réseau (nombre d'abonnés) sur l'efficacité de calcul de notre algorithme. Nous offrons une borne sur la probabilité pour un réseau donné d'entraîner l'algorithme vers un temps exorbitant de surveillance du réseau, c'est à dire le délai d'attente de probabilité. Enfin, nous soulignons l'importance du moyennage pour remédier aux restrictions budgétaires en puissance/perte dans notre système de surveillance afin de supporter de plus grandes tailles de réseaux et plus grandes portées de fibres. Ensuite, nous mettrons à niveau notre dispositif expérimental pour démontrer un m PON avec 16 clients. Nous utilisons un laser à modulation d'exploitation directement à 1 GHz pour générer les impulsions sonde. Les données mesurées par le dispositif expérimental est exploité par l'algorithme de MLSE à détecter et à localiser les clients. Trois déploiements PON différents sont réalisés. Nous démontrons une surveillance plus rigoureuse pour les réseaux ayant une répartition géographique à plusieurs niveaux. Nous étudions aussi le budget de la perte de notre dispositif de soutien plus élevés de capacités du réseau. Enfin, nous étudions le budget total admissible de la perte d'exploitation du système de surveillance dans la bande de fréquences à 1650 nm en fonction des spécifications de l'émetteur/récepteur. En particulier, la limite totale de la perte de budget est représentée en fonction du gain de l'amplicateure de transimpédance (TIA) et le résolution de la conversion analogique-numérique (ADC). Par ailleurs, nous enquêtons sur le compromis entre la distance portée et la capacité (taille de fractionnement au niveau du noeud distant) dans notre système de suivi.
2
Havliš, Ondřej. "Pasivní optické sítě WDM-PON." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219767.
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The work deals with optical access networks, passive optical networks, especially WDM-PON. Features a modern solution to connect users to the optical access network using optical FTTx connections. Describes the different types of FTTx connections, their parameters and construction technology. Practical work is a practical application of theory for the development of various design and simulation of WDM-PON networks. Each proposal includes the construction of technical solutions optical access networks, the technology used and the balance of the reduced pricing WDM-PON network. The penultimate part of the work consists of design models simulated WDM-PON networks by the simulation program OptSim. The conclusion deals with the evaluation of individual design and simulation of WDM-PON networks.
3
Dallal, Anas Omar. "Metodika návrhu PON sítě." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218816.
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Cílem této práce je analyzovat současný stav přístupových optických sítí,a hlouběji prozkoumat PON metodiku a návrh sítě. Navrhnul jsem síť založenou na konceptu FTTH pro 90 rodinných domů ovládané z centrální stanice vzdálené 20 km. Zabýval jsem se problémy při návrhu FTTH, konkrétně pasivní optickou sítí. Dále jsem se zabýval ATM-PON a Ethernet PON (EPON), které jsou založeny na společné síťové architektuře, PON, ale používají jiné přenosové technologie na podporu integrovaných služeb a jiné protokoly. Po zadání (optimálního) síťového řešení, které se hodí pro nabídku Triple-Play služeb. Dále budu popisovat, jak fungují síťová propojení a také budou popsány metody měření a testování navržené sítě "po aktivaci a nastavení sítě" a "před aktivací síťových služeb ". Při měření jsem také používal OTDR a prakticky ověřil charakteristiku linky. V práci je také naznačeno monitorování optické sítě.
4
Mikauš, Jiří. "Návrh a simulace optické přístupové sítě typu PON." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219444.
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The aim of master's thesis was to demonstrate chosen PON network in simulation software OPNET Modeler. The work deals with passive optical networks. In particular, solutions that are based on the transmission of Ethernet frames. EPON and 10GEPON standards are described in theoretical section. EPON Standard was introduced already in 2004. Newer 10GEOPN is back compatible, which is ideal as a suitable solution for modern network with a high data rates demands. The practical part describes process of developing network nodes for passive optical network. EPON model was developed in simulation tool, that demonstrates basic features of the standard IEEE 802.3ah. The simulation results are demonstrated in last section.
5
Bobkovič, Peter. "Širokopásmová FTTx přípojka na architektuře WDM - PON." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218328.
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This masters thesis is focusing on the issue of passive optic access networks. It is dealing with the limiting factors for broadband connections, especially attenuation of fibre optics and dispersion. It is also dealing with most commonly used standards of passive optic networks. It clarifies the issue of wavelength-division multiplexing, its advantages and disadvantages, used standards, various types of components for the WDM-networks, their characteristics, application etc. In the practical part of the work you can find the measuring and diagnostics of the passive optic network EPON. It contains measuring by the direct method OLTS, measuring by the Pon Power Meter and optic reflectometer OTDR. At the end I am dealing with the measuring of splitter in the rate of 1:16.
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Carvalho, Maurício Moderno de. "Um novo esquema de proteção para redes PON TDM." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2008. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1494.
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Previous issue date: 2008-08-06<br>Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa<br>By adopting a ring topology and optical switches we propose a novel protection mechanism for time division multiplexed passive optical network (TDM-PON) that provides resilience
against multiple network fails. Some protection schemes have been proposed in order to give resilience for passive optical network (PON) as defined at ITU-T Recommendation G983.1.
However that recommendation defines the optical distribution network (ODN) and equipment duplication to protect it against multiple points of fail. We propose a ring topology with dual fibers paths capable to protect the network by switching these lines individually according to the local alarms detected by each optical network unit (ONU). According to our proposal neither equipment nor network should be duplicated to provide survivability to the system.<br>Adotando uma topologia em anel e chaves ópticas, estamos propondo um novo mecanismo de proteção para redes ópticas passivas TDM (Time Division Multiplexed) que possibilita a proteção da rede contra múltiplos pontos de falha. Muitos esquemas de proteção foram propostos para dar confiabilidade para as redes ópticas passivas como definido pela recomendação ITUT G.983.1. Para permitir proteção contra múltiplos pontos de falhas a recomendação ITU-T
define a duplicação da rede óptica (ODN) e equipamento. Apresentamos, então, uma topologia em anel com dois caminhos ópticos distintos protegendo a rede pela comutação individual destas linhas de acordo com a detecção de alarmes locais por cada Optical Network Unit (ONU). Conforme nossa proposta, nem o equipamento ou a rede precisam ser duplicadas para prover proteção do sistema.
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Černý, Michal. "Optimalizace a měření parametrů PON sítě FTTx." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218961.
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Práce rozebírá současný vývoj na poli pasivních optických sítí a jednotlivé generace přenosových standardů. Podrobněji se zabývá parametry ODN, metodami jejich měření a volbou potřebných měření v praxi. Hlavní část práce je zaměřena na měření pasivního WDM prvku, kde je provedena analýza vstupů a výstupů, měření vložného útlumu a přelechů podle ORL na provozních vlnových délkách.
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Poudel, Sunil. "Study on Fault Detection andLocalization for Wave length Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-129299.
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Wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) can meet growing bandwidth demand in access network by providing high bandwidth to the end users. Failure in the access network is becoming critical as a large volume of traffic might be affected. Therefore, an effective supervision mechanism to detect and localize the fault is required to shorten the service interruption time. Meanwhile, open access provides a certain freedom for end users to choose the service and hence boosts competition among service/network providers. On the other hand, to offer open access in WDM-PON could result in a substantial change on architectural design, e.g., multiple feeder fibers (FFs) instead of a single one may be required to connect different service/network providers. Consequently, the traditional supervision mechanisms don’t work properly in open WDM-PON. To fill in this gap, several fault supervision mechanisms to support open access in WDMPON are proposed in this thesis. They can be applied to both disjoint and co-located FF layout where the choice of providers is done through wavelength selection. The feasibility of such solutions has been validated by evaluating transmission performance. We have carried out simulations in VPItransmissionMaker for different deployment scenarios. The results have confirmed that no significant degradation of the transmission performance is introduced by the proposed monitoring schemes compared to the benchmark, where no any fault supervision method is implemented.
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Takeuti, Paulo. "Projeto e dimensionamento de redes ópticas passivas (PONs)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18133/tde-22092005-205226/.
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Redes ópticas passivas são redes de acesso que utilizam fibras ópticas interligadas na topologia estrela e na configuração ponto-multiponto, sendo constituídas apenas por componentes ópticos passivos entre o terminal de linha óptica (optical line terminal - OLT) e a unidade de rede óptica (optical network unit - ONU). Como estratégia de evolução tecnológica, podem ser utilizadas para aproveitar a base instalada de cabos de cobre e cabos coaxiais na rede de acesso, servindo como cabo alimentador para uso das tecnologias digital subscriber line (DSL), cable modem e local multipoint distribution system (LMDS), e, no futuro, para disponibilizar a fibra óptica até às instalações do usuário. O principal mérito da arquitetura das redes ópticas passivas está na redução dos custos de implantação e de manutenção, pela ampliação da largura de banda disponível sem a necessidade de aumento no número de componentes ópticos ativos na rede, como lasers e amplificadores ópticos. Neste contexto, este trabalho define as redes ópticas passivas, apresenta o histórico de seu desenvolvimento, seu princípio de funcionamento e suas aplicações como forma de acesso a serviços de banda larga, identifica fornecedores visando à implementação de um teste de campo e discute as perspectivas para o futuro dessa tecnologia<br>Passive optical networks (PONs) are access networks which use interconnected optical fibers configured in a point to multipoint star topology having only passive optical components between the optical line terminal (OLT) and the optical network unit (ONU). As a strategy for technological evolution they can be used to take advantage of copper and coax base cables installed in the access network, serving as a feeder cable for the use of DSL, cable modem and LMDS technologies, in order to allow optical fibers to reach customers' facilities. The main merit of the passive optical networks architecture consists on the cost reduction involved on its implantation and maintenance, offering bandwidth enlargement without increasing the number of active optical components, such as lasers and optical amplifiers, in the network. In this context, this text defines PONs, presents its development history, operation principle and their applications as a way to provide broadband access services, identifies suppliers for field test implementation and discusses the perspectives for the future
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Chlápek, Jan. "Návrh nových laboratorních úloh s gigabitovou pasivní optickou sítí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-402124.
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The diploma thesis is focused on design of new laboratory exercises on the topic of gigabit passive optical networks. The theoretical analysis is devoted to acquaintance with basic problematics of PON and analysis of individual PON standards. Special attention, besides GPON, XG-PON and EPON standards, is devoted to security issues in PON. The goal of practical section of the thesis is the design of four laboratory exercises. Two exercises are focused on configuring GPON and XG-PON networks in a console environment with the help of exemplary console commands. The goal of the third exercise is to hook up and configure an EPON network using web configuration interface. The fourth exercise is designed for a realization of DoS attack against a fully functioning laboratory GPON network. The objective is to jam the upstream communication bandwidth with laser transmission causing a desynchronization between active network elements.
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Santos, Alex Ferreira dos. "Algoritmos para alocação de banda em redes de acesso GPON." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18155/tde-11032010-160905/.
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Neste trabalho propomos e analisamos algoritmos de alocação dinâmica de banda para rede óptica passiva (PON) de acesso padrão GPON (Gigabit PON). Estes algoritmos utilizam dados oriundos de SLA (service level agreement) para gerenciar a alocação de banda e classificar em 4 contêineres de tráfego (T-CONT) o tráfego gerado em 16 ONUs (optical network unit). Na transmissão upstream é utilizada a técnica de multiplexação por divisão de tempo (TDM) para gerenciar o acesso ao meio, evitando colisões. O primeiro algoritmo proposto aloca banda garantida para as ONUs e distribui a banda não utilizada de acordo com critério baseado em três SLAs. A taxa de bit upstream é 1,25 Gbps e o desempenho do algoritmo é analisado com base na variação do atraso de pacotes em função do tráfego gerado nas ONUs. O segundo algoritmo proposto utiliza ponderação de tráfego. Neste, analisamos o comportamento dos atrasos e a quantidade de banda solicitada e atendida por ONU quando as bandas garantida e extra são alteradas. Por fim, acrescentamos em nossa implementação um intervalo para o processamento do algoritmo de alocação dinâmica de banda (DBA) e resposta do hardware relacionado ao ciclo de interrogação. Então, analisamos o atraso de pacotes quando variamos o intervalo de processamento do DBA. Ao final, propomos uma solução preliminar para minimizar estes atrasos. Os resultados obtidos por meio de simulação computacional mostram a versatilidade dos algoritmos.<br>In this work we propose and analyze the performance of dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithms for optical passive networks (PON) in GPON standard (Gigabit PON). These algorithms use data from SLA (service level agreement) to manage bandwidth allocation and classify in 4 traffic containers (T-CONT) the traffic generated by 16 ONUs (optical network unit). In the upstream transmission the time division multiplexing (TDM) technique is used to manage the medium access, avoiding collisions. The first proposed algorithm allocates guaranteed bandwidth for the ONUs and distributes the bandwidth not used according to the criteria based on three SLAs. The upstream bit rate is 1.25 Gbps and the algorithm performance is analyzed based on the packets delay variation versus the traffic generated by ONUs. The second proposed algorithm uses weighted traffic. In this, we analyze the delay performance and the required bandwidth for each ONU and how much it is served when the guaranteed and extra bandwidth are changed. Finally, we added in our implementation an interval for the processing of the dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm (DBA) and response of the hardware related to the interrogation cycle. In the end, we propose a preliminary solution to minimize these delays. The results obtained by means of computational simulation show the versatility of the algorithms.
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STRAULLU, STEFANO. "Next generation optical access networks towards Gigabit/s per user." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2592360.
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At the time of writing this Ph.D. thesis, FSAN (Full Service Access Network) and ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union – Telecommunication Standardization Bureau) working groups are involved in the final definition of the Recommendation G.989, which has recently established that the Next Generation Passive Optical Network (NG-PON2) architecture will be based on Time- and Wavelength-Division Multiplexed PON (TWDM-PON), and it will consist in its first version on four wavelength-stacked XG-PONs using four wavelengths per direction, likely with a very narrow (for PON) spacing of 100 GHz or even 50 GHz. Furthermore, the Optical Distribution Network (ODN) will be splitter-based and passive, like all previous PON standards, avoiding the use of any wavelength selection/filtering and any optical amplification inside the ODN. Moreover, since complete ODN backward compatibility is required, the TWDM-PON must be compliant with the same previous ODN loss classes, i.e. 33 and 35 dB for the extended E1 and E2 classes, respectively, and up to 15 dB of Differential Optical Path Loss (DOPL).
One of the few physical layer problems over which FSAN is still working before the final NG-PON2 Recommendation release, is related to the lack of available low-cost tunable lasers with sufficient tuning range and launch power, to be installed at the Optical Network Unit (ONU) side for the upstream signal generation. Indeed, they should have a precision compatible with a 100 GHz wavelength grid, and be able to tune on (at least) four wavelengths, adopting some protection systems during their switch-on time, in order to avoid interferences with other channels (due to the uncontrolled wavelength transmission at the laser power on); moreover, they should operate on a very wide temperature range and they should have a target price compatible with equipment to be installed at the customer premises. Furthermore, in the longer term, if more than four wavelengths will be used (for instance for WDM overly), this issue will be particularly critical.
In order to avoid the use of expensive tunable lasers at the ONU, several WDM reflective PON architectures have been proposed in the last ten years, whose key idea is to generate the unmodulated upstream wavelengths at the Central Office, and modulate them in reflection at the ONU side. Unfortunately, most of the reflective WDM-PON architectures proposed in literature seem to be completely incompatible with TWDM-PON for a set of different reasons such as:
- most of them require the use of Arrayed Waveguide Gratings (AWG) in the ODN, while most telecom operators believe that backward compatibility in PON is a must, and thus the splitter-based architecture should be maintained also in NG-PON2;
- the achievable ODN loss is limited to typically 20-25 dB, due to several spurious effects such as the Rayleigh back-scattering and the low received optical power;
- most of them use a dedicated wavelength for each ONU, and do not support burst-mode TDMA in the upstream.
The main objective of this Ph.D. project is to try to solve all these issues, proposing a self-coherent, burst-mode, reflective PON architecture that completely satisfies the main requirements defined in the TWDM-PON standard.
In order to reach this goal, the activity started in early 2012 in the Photonlab of Istituto Superiore Mario Boella (Turin, Italy), and was supported by the joint group composed by Dipartimento di Elettronica of Politecnico di Torino (Turin, Italy) and Cisco Photonics (Monza, Italy) throughout the entire Ph.D. project.
At first, a full characterization of the Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (RSOA) was performed in order to find the best working parameters that provide the best performance if this device is used as reflective optical modulator at the ONU side.
Thanks to this optimization, very good results were obtained using the RSOA in a full upstream self-coherent reflective PON setup, working in continuous mode at 1.25 Gbps.
In order to overcome the limit of one dedicated wavelength for each user, the emulated ONU was forced to work in burst-mode, replacing the RSOA with the cascade of a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) and a Reflective Electro-Absorption Modulator (REAM). The obtained results demonstrate that this solution, combined with a burst-mode self-coherent detection at the Central Office, supports a 2.5 Gbps TDMA upstream transmission, as required by TWDM-PON standard.
The proposed architecture was then finalized by adding two important new features, i.e. the upstream bit rate upgrade to 10 Gbps per wavelength and the use of commercial distributed feedback (DFB) lasers rather than External Cavity Lasers (ECL), showing very good performance.
To resume, the work performed during this Ph.D. activity demonstrated that, thanks to the burst mode reflective-ONUs and the burst mode, self-coherent detection at the OLT side, the proposed architecture supports the transmission of N simultaneous upstream signals on each wavelength, working at 2.5 Gbps, over up to 35 dB of ODN loss and more than 15 dB of DOPL. Therefore, most G.989 physical layer specifications are satisfied by this proposal, even without the need for a tunable laser at the ONU side, but only a tunable filter locked on OLT-generated optical wavelength combs. If properly integrated, the reflective ONU structure can be less expensive than the TWDM-PON solution in terms of CAPEX, and have a much simpler wavelength control. The only significant increase in cost in the proposed solution is due to the presence of one coherent receiver per each upstream wavelength, but it is shared among all the users with the same wavelength.
The authors of the aforementioned writings hope that this work can contribute to the discussion currently taking place in FSAN and ITU-T on future PON generations, particularly for a future use of DWDM with significantly more than 4 wavelengths on a 50 GHz grid, which is a requirement that would make tunable lasers at ONU even more critical. While the need for more than 4 wavelengths seems really far-fetched for residential PONs, it could likely become more handy if mobile front-hauling for Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-advanced will adopt bit rate hungry Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) approaches, and it will be supported over PON.
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Kočí, Lukáš. "Vliv velikosti rámce na dělicí poměr v pasivních optických sítích XG-PON." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220381.
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The diploma thesis deals with the theoretical definition of passive optical networks, furthermore the description of methods of channel bundling in passive optical networks and the coexistence and migration between standards. The main essence of this work is the XG-PON (10-Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network) standard. This standard is generally defined along with a description of the physical layer. The transport layer is detailed analysis. There is a description of conditions, under which the Optical Network Unit pass through, when is activated. Additionally, this diploma thesis focuses on the processes of connecting Optical Network Units to the Passive Optical Networks and the timing relationships between Optical Network Units and Optical Line Terminal. The simulations demonstrate that as the number of simultaneous connections to Optical Network Unit increase, longer wait time for each additional connection becomes. This also solves the collision conditions, that might arise in communication and the equalization delay. Finally, the diploma thesis deals with the influence of a refractive index on timing relationships.
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Horníček, Lukáš. "Nasazení FTTH v lokálních sítích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220308.
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The master’s thesis is focused on the theoretical and practical issues of optical access networks. The first chapter of the thesis deals with the concept of the access networks known as FTTx. The second and third chapters focus on the principles and standardization of the active optical network AON P2P and the passive optical network TDM PON. The fourth chapter of the thesis focuses on the network WDM PON, wavelength multiplexes, solution concept and the LG-Ericsson EA 1100 platform. The fifth chapter of the thesis deals with the infrastructure of the optical paths for optical access networks. The sixth chapter of the thesis presents custom design of the headend for reception, processing and distribution of television broadcasting. Two custom access network solutions (AON P2P and WDM PON) for the town Bystřice nad Pernštejnem are presented in the seventh chapter. Case studies include the design of the optical paths infrastructure, central office infrastructure, end-user infrastructure, CAPEX/OPEX economic analysis and basic simulation in OptSim.
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Frank, Florian. "Hybrid analogue & digital access network architectures for the mobile/fixe infrastructure convergence." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665650.
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In order to realize the convergence of the optical infrastructure of fixed and mobile access networks, the objective of this thesis is to study the solutions for distributing native radio carriers through typical optical access networks.The first Part describes the contexts and the main physical properties of the optical and radio access networks: from nowadays deployed Fiber To The Home (FTTH) systems, and their expected evolutions, to the current radio system Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) towards the expected requirements of modern mobile radio systems. This allows to settle the optical environment in which the Radio over Fiber(RoF)-functionalities will have to be integrated, and to know on which radio systems'figures of merits to focus on when implementing it. The second Part shows the benefit and possibilities of re-using the optical infrastructure of the fixed access networks for distributed radio systems. Then a review of the analog and digital RoF techniques is proposed, and their feasibility of integration into legacy FTTH systems is discussed. The third part deals with the computing and simulations of an analog RoF-system where the optical link is either passive or optically pre-amplified, and even boosted. The goal is to provide numerical results to the practical lab. results of the second half of the fourth part where the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) matters. Therefore successively formal expressions, numerical results for simple 2-tone signals and more realistic UMTS signals are considered. The fourth and last part deals with the obtained practical results. These can be split into two main categories : Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)-oriented results where an Avalanche Photo-Detector (APD) is used for legacy and extended-reach PON architectures using a direction shared Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) ; and an Adjacent/Alternate Channel power Leakage Ratio (ACLR)-driven part where the focus is seton a very critical figure of merit of radio systems, especially in the downlink. The latter part turned out to be mandatory and prevailing over the initially considered EVM concerns. Hence several RoF architectures, compatible with PONs, are introduced in order to overcome the non-linearities undergone by the RoF-signals, induced by the chromatic dispersion of the PON's fiber and the laser chirp, and degrading the ACLR performances
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Celino, Daniel Ricardo. "Proposta e análise de redes WDM-PON empregando auto-alimentação e dupla cavidade óptica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18155/tde-22092017-093305/.
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Nas topologias de redes WDM-PON (Wavelength Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Network) baseadas em transmissores colorless, isto é, transmissores que possam operar em uma grande gama de comprimentos de onda, que empreguem técnica de auto-alimentação e reuso de comprimento de onda, tem despertado grande interesse devido a sua comprovada eficiência, granularidade e custo reduzido em relação às alternativas. Entretanto, o alcance destas redes é limitado pelo emprego de remodulação, devido a dependência existente com a qualidade dos sinais a serem remodulados. Neste cenário, mantendo-se uma melhor relação custo-benefício, taxas de operação típicas são da ordem de 1,25, e 2,5 Gb/s (20 quilômetros). Neste trabalho é investigada uma nova topologia que combina as técnicas de auto-alimentação e reuso de comprimento de onda, bem como, utiliza um circuito de dupla cavidade óptica, possibilitando um reforço no apagamento óptico e manutenção do estado da polarização no percurso de recirculação da cavidade externa, objetivando uma melhora na qualidade dos sinais a serem remodulados, possibilitando altas taxas de transmissão e um maior alcance da rede. Nesta topologia, amplificadores ópticos semicondutores refletivos são utilizados como transmissores colorless, por meio da emissão espontânea amplificada, garantido assim uma redução no custo da rede óptica de acesso. Como metodologia adotada, inicialmente foram realizadas caracterizações ópticas no ambiente de simulação, validação da palheta configurada no simulador com resultados experimentais e avaliações da topologia em taxas simétricas de 1,25 Gb/s. Ademais, são conduzidas análises comparativas entre a topologia proposta frente a topologias disponíveis na literatura no estado da arte. Com os resultados obtidos, acredita-se que essa proposta atende aos requisitos de capacidade agregada e custo reduzido, podendo alcançar taxas de transmissão de até 10 Gb/s utilizando transmissores de baixa complexidade, características essenciais para impulsionar a implementação de redes de acesso óptico.<br>WDM-PON topologies based on colorless transmitters employing self-seeding and wavelength-reuse techniques have attracted a great deal of interest because of its well known efficiency, granularity and reduced cost, when compared to other alternatives in the literature. Nevertheless, the network reach is limited by the use of remodulation scheme. Maintaining an adequate cost-benefit relation requires typical operating rates of the order of 1.25 Gb/s to 2.5 Gb/s over 20 km of SSMF. In the above framework, we investigate a new topology which combines self-seeding and wavelength-reuse techniques, but also employs a scheme to reinforce the data erasure in the optical carrier, simultaneously providing state of polarization (SOP) maintenance in the external cavity recirculation path. The proposed configuration improves the quality of the signals to be remodulated, thus allowing high rate and broader reach. Specifically, in our work, reflective semiconductor optical amplifiers are employed as colorless transmitters, by using their own amplified spontaneous emission as a seed to provide the optical carrier. Optical analysis were performed in a simulation environment, including self-seeding layout validation by comparison to experimental results at the symmetric transmission rate of 1.25 Gb/s. Next, comparative analysis are conducted between the topology proposed in this work and topologies in the state of the art, found in the literature. According to the results, we believed that the proposal meets the requirements of aggregate capacity and reduced cost, being able to reach transmission rates of up to 10 Gb/s by using transmitters of low complexity, essential features to drive optical access networks implementation.
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Junior, José Valdemir dos Reis. "Modelagem de redes CDMA-PON baseadas em técnicas de cancelamento paralelo e códigos corretores de erros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18155/tde-14122009-105507/.
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A oferta de novos serviços para os usuários finais, como o denominado triple play, que consiste no tráfego simultâneo de voz, vídeo e dados utilizando a mesma infra-estrutura de comunicação, vem exigindo que as estruturas de rede das operadoras ofereçam largura de banda adequada e qualidade de serviço. Nesse contexto, as redes ópticas passivas (PON) vêm se destacando em virtude de oferecerem maior largura de banda a custos relativamente baixos. Nas redes ópticas passivas, trechos de fibras ópticas podem ser compartilhados entre diversos assinantes, exigindo, para isso, a utilização de técnicas de controle de acesso múltiplo. Destaque maior é dado à técnica de acesso múltiplo por divisão de códigos ópticos (OCDMA), por apresentar características tais como maior segurança e capacidade flexível sob demanda. O desempenho dessa tecnologia é basicamente limitado pela interferência de acesso múltiplo, ou interferência multiusuário (MAI). No presente trabalho, cenários OCDMA-PON utilizando códigos ópticos unidimensionais, baseados na codificação prima modificada (MPC), e bidimensionais, baseados na codificação óptica ortogonal de múltiplos comprimentos de onda (MWOOC), são descritos, e seus respectivos desempenhos investigados. Os desempenhos desses sistemas são verificados utilizando-se os seguintes esquemas de modulação: 1) On-off Keying (OOK), cujo formalismo para a codificação padded MPC (PMPC) e double padded MPC (DPMPC) foi aqui desenvolvido, 2) por posição de pulso (PPM), considerando os ruídos poissonianos de deteção, cujo formalismo foi também aqui desenvolvido, 3) por posição de pulso (PPM) considerando apenas a interferência de acesso múltiplo (MAI), 4) semelhante ao (3), porém, utilizando a técnica mitigadora de MAI via cancelamento paralelo de interferência (PIC), e 5) semelhante ao (4) porém utilizando modulação por chaveamento de frequência (FSK). Em seguida, a codificação bidimensional MWOOC, utilizando modulação OOK, é analisada com e sem a utilização de PIC. Além desses esquemas, são também incluídas, pela primeira vez nesses formalismos, técnicas de correção posterior de erro (FEC) baseadas no algoritmo Reed-Solomon (RS). A figura de mérito adotada nas simulações é baseada no cálculo da taxa de erro de bit (BER). Os resultados obtidos para os diversos casos investigados neste trabalho indicam que a combinação PIC/FEC deve ser considerada de modo a se obter níveis de BER compatíveis com a região livre de erros (BER < \'10 POT.-12\') para os cenários de redes de acesso atuais e futuros (visando atender a 32 ou 64 usuários simultâneos).<br>The advent of new services offered to end users, such as the so called triple play, which consists in the simultaneous traffic of voice, video, and data through the same communication infrastructure, has been pushing telecom operators towards providing adequate bandwidth as well as quality of service. This has brought the spotlight to passive optical networks (PONs) by virtue of their considerably higher bandwidth at relatively low cost. In PONs, certain fiber optic spans can be shared among different users as long as multiple access control techniques are used. One such technique is the optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) technique, which, in addition, presents improved data security and flexible capacity on demand. The performance of this technology is basically limited by multi access interference (MAI), which becomes more severe as the number of simultaneous users increases. In the present work, OCDMA-PON scenarios utilizing one- and two-dimensional optical codes separately such as modified prime codes (MPC) and multi-wavelength optical orthogonal codes (MWOOC), are described and thoroughly investigated. The performances of these systems are investigated based on the following modulation schemes: 1) On-off keying (OOK), where a new formalism for the double-padded MPC is proposed, 2) Pulse position modulation (PPM), and 3) Frequency shift keying (FSK) together with MAI mitigation technique based on parallel interference cancelation (PIC). Besides these schemes, it is also included for the first time in these formalisms forward error correction techniques (FEC) based on the Reed-Solomon (RS) algorithm. The figure of merit adopted in all simulations is the bit error rate (BER). The results obtained for the cases investigated in this work indicate that the combination PIC/FEC must be considered if one is interested in obtaining BER levels compatible with the error-free region (BER < \'10 POT.-12\') for the current and future access network scenarios (aiming at attending 32 or 64 simultaneous users).
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Júnior, José Valdemir dos Reis. "Sistemas inteligentes aplicados às redes ópticas passivas com acesso múltiplo por divisão de código OCDMA-PON." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18155/tde-04082016-142530/.
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As redes ópticas passivas (PON), em virtude da oferta de maior largura de banda a custos relativamente baixos, vêm se destacando como possível candidata para suprir a demanda dos novos serviços como, tráfego de voz, vídeo, dados e de serviços móveis, exigidos pelos usuários finais. Uma importante candidata, para realizar o controle de acesso nas PONs, é a técnica de acesso múltiplo por divisão de código óptico (OCDMA), por apresentar características relevantes, como maior segurança e capacidade flexível sob demanda. No entanto, agentes físicos externos, como as variações de temperatura ambiental no enlace, exercem uma influência considerável sobre as condições de operação das redes ópticas. Especificamente, nas OCDMA-PONs, os efeitos da variação de temperatura ambiental no enlace de transmissão, afetam o valor do pico do autocorrelação do código OCDMA a ser detectado, degradando a qualidade de serviço (QoS), além do aumento da taxa de erro de bit (BER) do sistema. O presente trabalho apresenta duas novas propostas de técnicas, utilizando sistemas inteligentes, mais precisamente, controladores lógicos fuzzy (FLC) aplicados nos transmissores e nos receptores das OCDMA-PONs, com o objetivo de mitigar os efeitos de variação de temperatura. Os resultados das simulações mostram que o desempenho da rede é melhorado quando as abordagens propostas são empregadas. Por exemplo, para a distância de propagação de 10 km e variações de temperatura de 20°C, o sistema com FLC, suporta 40 usuários simultâneos com a BER = 10-9, enquanto que, sem FLC, acomoda apenas 10. Ainda neste trabalho, é proposta uma nova técnica de classificação de códigos OCDMA, com o uso de redes neurais artificiais, mais precisamente, mapas auto-organizáveis de Kohonen (SOM), importante para que o sistema de gerenciamento da rede possa oferecer uma maior segurança para os usuários. Por fim, sem o uso de técnica inteligente, é apresentada, uma nova proposta de código OCDMA, cujo formalismo desenvolvido, permite generalizar a obtenção de código com propriedades distintas, como diversas ponderações e comprimentos de códigos.<br>Passive optical networks (PON), due to the provision of higher bandwidth at relatively low cost, have been excelling as a possible candidate to meet the demand of new services, such as voice traffic, video, data and mobile services, as required by end users. An important candidate to perform access control in PONs, is the Optical Code-Division Multiple-Access (OCDMA) technique, due to relevant characteristics, such as improved security and flexible capacity on demand. However, external physical agents, such as variations in environmental temperature on the Fiber Optic Link, have considerable influence on the operating conditions of optical networks. Specifically, in OCDMA-PONs, the effects of environmental temperature variation in the transmission link affect the peak value on the autocorrelation of the OCDMA code to be detected, degrading the quality of service (QoS), in addition to increasing the Bit Error Rate (BER) of the system. This thesis presents two new proposals of techniques using intelligent systems, more precisely, Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLC) applied on the transmitters and receivers of OCDMA-PONs, in order to mitigate the effects of temperature variation. The simulation results show that the network performance is improved when the proposed approaches are employed. For example, for the propagation distance of 10 kilometers and temperature variations of 20°C, the FLC system supports 40 simultaneous users at BER = 10-9, whereas without the FLC, the system can accommodate only 10. Furthermore, in this work is proposed a new technique of OCDMA codes classification, using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), more precisely, the Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) of Kohonen, important for the network management system to provide increased security for users. Finally, without the use of intelligent technique, it is presented a new proposal of OCDMA code, whose formalism developed, allows to generalize the code acquisition with distinct properties, such as different weights and length codes.
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Turna, Ozgur Can. "Bandwidth allocation and energy efficiency solutions in optical access networks." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TELE0005/document.
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Dans ce travail de thèse, un aperçu général sur les systèmes PON est présenté et sont étudiés les mécanismes et classification PON existants. Après, nous introduisons notre première contribution qui est un algorithme d'allocation dynamique de bande passante pour EPON. Cet algorithme proposé est désigné comme «hcDBA». Par la suite, une amélioration de l'algorithme de hcDBA avec mécanisme de prédiction précoce est présentée. Notre simulation montre bien que notre algorithme hcDBA est performant comparé aux mécanismes existants en termes de taux de perte de paquets et de délai d’accès. Dans notre seconde contribution, nous sommes intéressés au problème de consommation d’énergie qui est un sujet d’actualité dans les réseaux de télécommunication. Les études montrent aujourd’hui que les réseaux d'accès constituent une partie remarquable de la consommation totale d'énergie dans les réseaux de télécommunication. Les organisations ITU-T et IEEE ont publié la recommandation pour la conversation de l'énergie pour les réseaux PONs. Bien que, la consommation totale d'énergie des nœuds ONU est plus importantes que d'autres équipements dans le réseau d'accès fixe, les normes et la plupart des travaux de recherches ont porté sur les économies d'énergie du côté de ONU. Dans cette thèse, nous sommes concentrés sur une méthode d'efficacité énergétique basée sur la conservation de l'énergie du côté de l’OLT. La méthode proposée permet d’économiser de l'énergie en déplaçant dynamiquement des cartes d’OLT en mode de sommeil profond en fonction des charges de trafic entrant et sortant<br>In this thesis, general overview about PON systems is presented and existing PON mechanisms and classification are investigated. After, a novel dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm for EPON is introduced. This proposed algorithm is named as “Half Cycling Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation-hcDBA” by the inspiration of its half cycling processing mode. Later, an improvement of hcDBA algorithm with early prediction mechanism is presented. As a result statement of the study, hcDBA algorithm performs better than existing mechanism in terms of packet loss ratio and access delays. Beside, simulation traffic behavior of EPON’s upstream channel has been investigated in order to support the decision of selecting suitable traffic generator in further studies. Energy conversation is one of the hot topics in telecommunication networks. Access networks constitute remarkable portion of the total energy consumption in telecommunication networks. ITU-T and IEEE organizations published recommendation for energy conversation in PONs. While, total energy consumption of ONUs is more than other equipment in fix access network the standards and most of the researches focused on saving energy at ONU side. In this thesis I focused on an energy efficiency method based on energy conversation on OLT side. The proposed method save energy by dynamically moving OLT cards to deep sleep mode according to the incoming and outgoing traffic loads
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Chang, Ching-Hung. "Dynamic bandwidth allocation MAC protocols for gigabit-capable passive optical networks." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/2452.
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The research initiatives addressed in this thesis are geared towards improving the performance of passive optical networks (PONs) through the development of advanced dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) protocols. In particular, the aim of the research undertaken is to enhance the quality of service (QoS) offered by standard PONs by means of providing subscribers with service level agreement (SLA) to fulfil applications and associated bandwidth requirements on demand. To accomplish the research objectives, a novel service and bandwidth focused DBA protocol is developed for standard time division multiplexing (TDM), gigabit-capable PONs (GPONs) by flexibly assigning a guaranteed minimum bandwidth to each optical network unit (ONU),terminated at subscribers premises. Modelling and simulation of the developed algorithms have displayed a tenfold enhancement in network performance, showing a superior performance to other published DBA protocols, in terms of mean packet delay. To accomplish protocol optimisation, the ONU upstream transmission properties of TDM-PONs have been further analysed and subsequently the ONU data transfer order in each communication cycle has been dynamically configured to increase the network upstream throughput by overlapping the upstream transmission period with parts of the bandwidth request-allocation process between OLT and ONUs. In addition, with the objective of extending the application of the developed protocol to long-reach PONs by means of reducing the augmented propagation delays due to the network’s extensive reach, the concept of virtual communication cycles has been incorporated into the optimised DBA algorithm. This approach demonstrates comparable transmission efficiency in the context of subscriber throughput and packet delay as in a standard PON but at much longer distances from the network exchange. To overcome the inevitably limited communication capacity of single wavelength TDM protocols and with the transportation of the ever increasing, time-sensitive, multi-media services in mind, a novel multi-wavelength DBA protocol is then developed to be applied to a wavelength division multiplexing–PON. With this protocol, both the downstream and upstream network capacity is dynamically adjusted according to subscribers’ service level and bandwidth demand in each polling cycle as opposed to a fixed upstream network capacity in TDM-PONs. It therefore also demonstrates improved upstream transmission efficiency.
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Sikora, Pavel. "Vliv dynamického přidělování šířky pásma na koncové jednotky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376996.
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This thesis deals with DBA algorithms used in XG-PON networks. It describes reference appearance of the DBA algorithm, as well as, three specific DBA algorithms discussed in professional articles. Particularly speaking about GIANT, HYRA and modified Max-Min Fair DBA. The thesis provides description of frames utilized by DBA algorithms in XG-PON networks, specifically XGEM frame and XGTC frames. The thesis also presents a simulation tester of DBA algorithms tested on a virtual XG-PON network. Finally, it contains the results of testing these DBA algorithms with a description.
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Dourado, Diego Marques. "Estratégias para aumento da eficiência espectral e energética em redes TWDM-PON." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18155/tde-11092017-113611/.
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O problema estudado relaciona-se ao planejamento de redes ópticas de acesso TWDM (Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexing), tendo como meta prover meios para atender ao consumo crescente de banda e, ao mesmo tempo, associar o mesmo ao menor consumo de energia possível e disponibilizar serviços de qualidade aos usuários da rede. Neste contexto, após a apresentação de uma revisão bibliográfica, alguns trabalhos foram selecionados como referências base para o estudo. Neste, foram analisadas técnicas de gerenciamento do comprimento de onda numa possível migração tecnológica dos equipamentos de acesso à rede pelo lado do usuário, as unidades de rede óptica (ONUs), considerando ser possível aproveitar de forma eficiente a distribuição de ONUs em cada par de comprimentos de onda, e como resultado, desligar interfaces de gerenciamento para economia de energia. Em paralelo a este objetivo, foram agregados métodos de \"registro adaptativo\" para melhorar o desempenho das ONUs que estão migrando e/ou entrando na rede, evitando colisões entre seus sinais e aumentando as chances de registro no terminal de linha óptico (OLT). Além do mais, o trabalho aborda o cumprimento do contrato de serviços (SLA) por parte das operadoras de telecomunicações, bem como oferece meios de estruturar uma rede óptica passiva (PON) para oferecer serviços com garantia de métricas de qualidade (QoS). Diferentes cenários foram tratados ao variar a porcentagem de usuários ativos na rede, e percebeu-se que, quando a PON opera com baixo índice de atividade (média 10% de ONUs ativas), foi possível economizar mais de 80% de energia em interfaces de gerenciamento. Por outro lado, ao envolver cenários mais realistas em redes ópticas (média de 50% de ONUs ativas), o TWDM-PON economizou quase 50% de energia nestas interfaces ao ser configurado com baixo período de migração (5 minutos). Além disso, alcançou um SLA de aproximadamente 100%, um valor considerado acima do usual quando se trata de cumprimento de serviços. Como uma tecnologia emergente, o TWDM-PON destaca-se num cenário que deve ser planejado para ser compatível com tecnologias implantadas, e além de disso, superar o legado de redes PON na economia de energia e qualidade de serviços oferecidos.<br>The problem studied is related to the planning of optical access networks TWDM (Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexing), aiming to provide means to meet the increasing bandwidth consumption and, at the same time, associating it to the lowest possible power consumption and providing quality services to the network users. In this context, following the presentation of a literature review, some studies were selected as a reference basis for the study. In this, some wavelength management techniques were analyzed aiming a possible technological migration of the network access equipment at the user side, the optical network units (ONU), whereas it is possible to use efficiently the ONUs distribution in each pair of wavelength. As a result, it becomes possible to switch off some management interfaces thus assuring a degree of power consumption save. In parallel, methods for providing an \"adaptive record\" of ONUs have been aggregated to improve the performance of those ONUs that are migrating and/or entering the network, avoiding collisions between their signals and increasing the chance of their registration in the optical line terminal (OLT). Furthermore, this work deals with the fulfillment of the service agreement (SLA) signed by telecommunications operators and proposes ways to design a passive optical network (PON) in order to offer services with quality metrics assurance (QoS). Different scenarios were treated to vary the percentage of active users on the network, and it was noticed that when the PON operates with low rate of activity (average 10% of active ONUs), it was possible to save over 80% energy in the management interfaces. Moreover, by involving more realistic scenarios in optical networks (50%, in average, of active ONUs), the TWDM-PON saved almost 50% of energy at the interfaces to be configured with low migration period (5 minutes). Additionally, it reached an SLA of approximately 100%, a value considered above the usual when it comes to compliance services. As an emerging technology, TWDM-PON stands out in a scenario that should be designed to be compatible with deployed technologies, and beyond that, to overcome the legacy of PON networks in energy saving and quality of services offered.
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Horváth, Tomáš. "Optimalizace služeb v optických přístupových sítích FTTx." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-320777.
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This thesis deals with an optimization of Triple play services and security in optical access networks. The first chapter provides theory basics which are necessary for results evaluation. The second chapter describes optical access networks with their parameters such as transmission speed, split ratio, line code, bit error rate etc. defined by ITU. Next chapter summaries the current state in optical networks construction field according to the European Union developing plan. The practical part of this thesis is divided into several subchapters. The significant part of the thesis is dedicated to the security of passive optical networks and design of proper security model for current networks. For this purpose, the unique parameter time propagation Tprop, with the novel security model was developed. Next part of the thesis provides an analysis of control traffic and data traffic in the gigabit passive optical networks. For a novel algorithm in activation process in gigabit passive optical networks the measurement results were used. The novel algorithm decreases the total time needed for this process. The last but one subchapter deals with an ILP model for Triple Play services. The last subchapter contains the own implementation of the transmission converge layer in VPIphotonics simulation tool.
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Matušík, Lukáš. "Technologie datových přenosů v optických přístupových sítích FTTx." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218199.
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The objective of diploma thesis is describe problems connected with designed of FTTX networks and bring the reader problems of data transmission in optical acces networks the type of PON. In the introduction are mentinoned individual technologies that already operate, and there are describe advantages disadvantages of the use topology point-to-point and point-to-multipoint. In the following chapters are dealt with problems with data broadcasting in the direction from final participant. In the other part of diploma thesis are described elements, that were used for the proposed transmission route. The own PON acces network was presented on the basis information obtained by comparing the various networks and the elements involved in them. The network presented in conclusion diploma thesis is involved in topology point to multipoint. This transmission route is simulated in the program that allows the involvement of network by the user’s need with real values. The acces network is simulated for different transmission speed and different distances. The assesment of created optical route results from the measured values, theirs source is program OptiSystem, these values are summarized in the final chapter.
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CABALLERO, DIEGO RODRIGO VILLAFANI. "WDM-PON PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORKS MONITORING." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=23359@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA<br>As redes ópticas passivas de nova geração 2 (NG-PON2) estão estudando e considerando o WDM-PON (Wavelength-Division-Multiplexed Passive Optical Networks) como a nova arquitetura para as redes de acesso, é provável que esta arquitetura seja adotada num futuro como o padrão. No entanto, algumas
instalações já foram realizadas em todo o mundo, a maior parte delas na Coréia do Sul. Com o objetivo de reduzir os custos de operação (OPEX) e garantir a qualidade do serviço (QoS) um sistema de supervisão e localização de falhas é necessário. Neste trabalho é proposto e demonstrado um OTDR sintonizável (Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer) para realizar o monitoramento de redes WDMPON em serviço. O método apresentado é provado para diferentes fontes laser sintonizáveis CW (Continuous Wave) e utiliza um amplificador óptico semicondutor (SOA) como comutador para o sinal de prova. O sistema de monitoramento é provado experimentalmente numa rede WDM-PON simulada no laboratório a qual utiliza um AWG (Arrayed Waveguide Grating) como distribuidor. Os resultados foram melhorados utilizando diferentes métodos para mitigar os efeitos de interferência.<br>The Next Generation Passive Optical Network 2 (NG-PON2) is considering and studying wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical networks (WDM-PONs) as the new architecture for access networks, this architecture is likely to be adopted in near future as standard. However some deployments have been achieved worldwide, most of them in South Korea. In order to lower the operational expenditure (OPEX) and guarantee quality-of-service (QoS) an in-service monitoring and fault localization system is required.
We propose and demonstrate a tunable optical time-domain reflectometer (T-OTDR) for in-service monitoring of (WDM-PONs). The proposed method is proved for different continuous wave tunable laser sources (CW TLS), and uses semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) as a switch for the probe signal. This monitoring system is experimentally proved in a simulated WDMPON employing a cyclic AWG (Arrayed Waveguide Grating) as wavelength distributor. We improve the results using different methods to mitigate the interference effects.
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Doležal, Ondřej. "Experimentální práce s POF - polymerová optická vlákna." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220395.
Full textAbstract:
In this diploma thesis, the reader is familiarized with polymer optical fiber (POF). Firstly is mentioned theoretical background of optical fibers and optical transmission. The following are the basic properties and significant parameters of POF, a more detailed description of each type POF and their essential advantages and disadvantages in comparison with established optical fibers based on glass. The next chapter describes the area of practical issues: working with fibers and fiber installation, as well as the available connectors and methods of measurement of POF. Closely are analyzed knowledge of the practice, including the utilize in the aerospace and automotive industries, as well as in industrial networks, access data networks and local area networks. The practical part includes the measurement of basic transmission and mechanical parameters, including analysis of the results. The conclusion summarizes all the findings and results of this work, including possible future developments.
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Ferreira, Marco Paulo Flores. "Reconfigurable nodes for passive optical networks (PON)." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/2095.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e Telecomunicações<br>Recentemente , as redes ópticas de nova geração têm sido motivo de acesa
discussão nos meios científicos. Com o aumento verificado nos últimos anos
do numero de utilizadores e o aparecimento de novos serviços disponibilizados
através das redes de acesso, torna-se cada vez mais claro que a fibra óptica é
a única solução para disponibilizar a largura de banda necessária.
Neste trabalho é apresentado um novo método passivo capaz de aumentar os
níveis de escalabilidade e reconfigurabilidade destas redes. O método consiste
no controlo da quantidade de potência de bomba entregue a um amplificador
ou conjunto de amplificadores remotos em série, permitindo o controlo
independentemente do ganho fornecido por cada amplificador.
Utilizando o método proposto consegue-se evitar o uso de componentes
activos, ou mais complexos, para controlo da quantidade de potência de
bomba a fornecer aos amplificadores remotos, tornando o processo de
amplificação simultaneamente passivo e reconfigurável.
Foi também desenvolvido, no âmbito deste trabalho, uma ferramenta de
simulação baseada em algoritmos genéticos, capaz de simular e determinar a
melhor solução para diversos cenários, optimizando os diversos parâmetros.
Foi também realizada a caracterização de uma fibra óptica dopada com érbio,
onde foi estudado o comportamento do ganho da fibra dopada quando
bombeada por um sinal de bomba diferente dos comprimentos de onda
nominais, 980nm e 1480nm. Ainda, o caso de bombeamentos com diferentes
comprimentos de onda multiplexados foi motivo de estudo.
ABSTRACT: Recently, the new generation optical networks are being the focus of several
discussions in the scientific forums. With the observed increase of users in the
last years, and the emergence of new services supplied through the access
networks, it became even clearer that optical fiber is the best solution to provide
the required bandwidth.
In this work it is presented a new passive method capable to improve the
scalability and reconfigurability of those networks. The method consist in
controlling the amount of pump power to be supplied to one or various remotely
pumped optical amplifiers disposed in series, and by this, adjust independently
the gain of each.
Using the proposed method, it is possible to dismiss the use of active or/and
complex components, to control the remote amplifiers conditions, making all
this amplification process passive and reconfigurable.
It was also developed during this work, a simulation tool based in genetic
algorithms, capable to simulate and reach the best solution for different network
scenarios, optimizing the several parameters.
A laboratory characterization of an erbium doped fiber amplifier it was also
performed, where it was studied the gain behaviour of the doped fiber, when it
is pumped by a signal which wavelength is different of the nominal
wavelengths, 980nm and 1480nm. In this characterization it was also studied
the gain behaviour when the amplifier is pumped with multiple multiplexed
pump signals.
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Alves, Andreia Juliana. "Next generation passive optical networks (NG-PON)." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/4473.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e Telecomunicações<br>As redes ópticas passivas (PONs) prometem satisfazer os requisitos dos utilizadores e provedores de serviços de forma a obter débitos mais elevados, quando comparados com as tecnologias baseadas em cobre. Com este trabalho pretende-se estudar e apresentar as tecnologias PON correntes actualmente, as suas características principais e alguma interpretação de como estas conseguem satisfazer os requisitos impostos.
Vários standards para PON têm vindo a ser desenvolvidos ao longo dos anos e, considerando que a necessidade de melhores características de serviço é contínua, surgiram as redes ópticas passivas de próxima geração. As NG-PONs prometem satisfazer as exigências dos novos serviços, garantindo melhor qualidade de serviço global que os seus antecessores.
Neste trabalho as recomendações do ITU-T e do IEEE são estudadas e apresentadas em detalhe e, como corolário, são comparadas por forma a identificar as suas diferenças e semelhanças.
Com base nos conhecimentos obtidos, e com o intuito de validar por simulação alguns dos limites impostos pelas normas são feitas várias simulações de uma rede PON, seguindo a norma 10G-EPON. São variados parâmetros como distância da fibra, número máximo de utilizadores e perdas máximas por inserção de forma a poder avaliar o seu efeito e enquadrar com a norma obtida.<br>Passive Optical networks (PONs) promise to overcome the requirements of users and service providers to achieve higher data rates than conventional cooper Technologies. This work study and present the actual PON technologies, their main features and how they can successfully fulfill the imposed requirements.
Several PON recommendations have appeared all over the years and due to ever increasing demand of improved services, PON networks evolved to Next Generation Passive Optical Networks. NG-PONs come to respond to the new quality and demanding services, ensuring better global performance than their antecessors.
The ITU-T and IEEE recommendations are studied and presented in detail, and by corollary are compared in order to easily comprehend the differences and similarities between them.
Based on the knowledge obtained and with the aim of validate by simulation some of the boundaries imposed by the recommendations, several simulations of a PON network are performed, following the 10G-EPON standard. Parameters like, fiber distance, number of users and maximum insertion loss are changed to evaluate their impact in the PON performance and to frame them in the recommendation.
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Coelho, Sérgio António da Costa. "Tuning mechanisms in optical access networks." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/18506.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e Telecomunicações<br>O principal tema abordado neste trabalho e a tecnologia a ser utilizada
em redes passivas oticas de nova gera c~ao, nomeadamente o TWDM e o
PtP WDM, com um foco em especial nos mecanismos de tunabilidade a
ser usados nas arquiteturas de rede mencionadas. Come cou por ser feita
uma abordagem geral ao tema, um "overview" a recomenda c~ao para o
NG-PON2 e apresentada, assim como uma revis~ao a transceivers incolores,
componentes essenciais nas arquitecturas do NG-PON2. Tendo em conta
o n vel de precis~ao apresentada, tr^es tipos de ONUs s~ao de nidas nos standards
do NG-PON2, e os mecanismos de tuning necess arios para lidar com
os diferentes tipos de ONU s~ao tamb em apresentados.
Foi caracterizado um laser sintoniz avel (DFB) tendo em vista a sua utiliza
c~ao numa ONU do NG-PON2, os parametros avaliados foram: tempo
de sintoniza c~ao, excurs~ao espectral e precis~ao de tuning. As t ecnicas de
medi c~ao s~ao apresentadas bem como os resultados obtidos.<br>The main issue addressed in this work are the technologies to be employed
in the next-generation passive optical networks, including TWDM-PON and
PtP WDM, with a particularly focus on the tuning mechanisms featuring
the aforementioned network architectures. A general approach to the topics
was carried out, by making an overview the NG-PON2 recommendation, a
review to colorless transceivers is presented as well, essential components
on the NG-PON2 architectures. Three types of ONUs are de ned in NGPON2
standards, by taking into account the accuracy level of the ONU Tx,
tuning mechanisms necessary to to deal with the di erent kind of ONUs are
presented as well
A tunable DFB laser was characterized, considering its utilization on a NGPON2
ONU. The evaluated parameters are: tuning time, spectral excursion
and tuning accuracy. The setups utilized for the measurements are presented
as well as the results.
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Milosavljevic, Milos. "Integrated wireless-PON access network architectures." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/6371.
Full textAbstract:
Next generation access networks should be able to cultivate the ongoing evolution in services and applications. Advancements on that front are expected to exhibit the transformation of high definition television (HDTV) and 2D services into ultra-HDTV and individual interactive 3D services. Currently deployed passive optical networks (PONs) have been certified to be able to deliver high quality video and internet services while in parallel broadband wireless standards are increasing their spectral efficiency and subscriber utilisation. Exploiting the benefits of both by providing an integrated infrastructure benefiting from the wireless mobility and ease of scalability and escalating bandwidth of next generation PONs are expected to offer service providers the business models justifying the evolved services. In this direction, this thesis deals with the means of transparent routing of standard worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) signal formats over legacy PONs to and from wireless end users based on radio over fibre (RoF). The concept of frequency division multiplexing (FDM) with RoF is used for efficient addressing of individual base stations, bandwidth on-demand provisioning across a cell/sector, simple remote radio heads and no interference with the baseband PON spectrum. Network performance evaluation, initially through simulation, has displayed, in the presence of optical non-linearites and multi-path wireless channels, standard error vector magnitudes (EVMs) at remote radio receivers and bit error rates (BERs) of 1E-4 for typical WiMAX rates bidirectionally. To provide enhanced scalability and dynamicity, a newly applied scheme based on extended wavelength band overlay over the splitter, wireless-enabled PONs has been progressively investigated. This allows for the routing of multiple FDM windows to different wavelengths resulting in significantly reduced optical and electrical component costs and no dispersion compensation over the fibre. This has been implemented through the application of a dense array wave guide grating (AWG) and tuneable filter in the optical line terminal (OLT) and optical network unit/base stations (ONU/BSs) respectively. Although with the use of a splitter the distribution point of the optical network remains largely the same, vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays provide colourless upstream transmission. In addition, an overlapping cell concept is developed and adopted for increased wireless spectral efficiency and resilience. Finally, an experimental test-bed using commercially available WiMAX transceivers was produced, which enabled repetition of the simulation outcomes and therefore confirmed the overall network performance.
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Mansouri, Rad Mohammad. "Passive Optical Network (POM) Monitoring using Optical Coding Technology." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26923/26923.pdf.
Full text
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Zhu, Min. "Research on key techniques in passive optical networks and optical grid applications." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00907280.
Full textAbstract:
The bandwidth-intensive applications, such as interactive video and multimedia services, have further increased the demand of bandwidth. Thus wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) is viewed as a promising candidate to realize the next generation optical access networks due to its dedicated bandwidth for each subscriber and more flexible bandwidth management. The first half of this thesis will cover three technologies in a WDM-PON, including multicast overlay scheme, automatic protection switching scheme and tunable Fabry-Pérot laser diode (FP-LD) self-seeding scheme. In the second half of the thesis, WDM optical network is utilized as a virtual computing environment, which connects widely distributed computing resources to support large-scale scientific, engineering or commercial computing applications. It is so called "optical Grid" systems. Grid applications may range from the simple transfer of a large data set to the complex execution of a collection of interdependent tasks. However, for such a system involving many heterogeneous computing and network resources, faults seem to be inevitable. This thesis will also address the issue of maximizing grid application availability in real-time optical Grid systems through resource-fault-tolerant scheduling techniques.
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Bogdanski, Jan. "Experimental multiuser secure quantum communications." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-26498.
Full textAbstract:
We are currently experiencing a rapid development of quantum information, a new branch of science, being an interdisciplinary of quantum physics, information theory, telecommunications, computer science, and many others. This new science branch was born in the middle of the eighties, developed rapidly during the nineties, and in the current decade has brought a technological breakthrough in creating secure quantum key distribution (QKD), quantum secret sharing, and exciting promises in diverse technological fields. Recent QKD experiments have achieved high rate QKD at 200 km distance in optical fiber. Significant QKD results have also been achieved in free-space. Due to the rapid broadband access deployment in many industrialized countries and the standing increasing transmission security treats, the natural development awaiting quantum communications, being a part of quantum information, is its migration into commercial switched telecom networks. Such a migration concerns both multiuser quantum key distribution and multiparty quantum secret sharing that have been the main goal of my PhD studies. They are also the main concern of the thesis. Our research efforts in multiuser QKD has led to a development of the five-user setup for transmissions over switched fiber networks in a star and in a tree configuration. We have achieved longer secure quantum information distances and implemented more nodes than other multi-user QKD experiments. The measurements have shown feasibility of multiuser QKD over switched fiber networks, using standard fiber telecom components. Since circular architecture networks are important parts of both intranets and the Internet, Sagnac QKD has also been a subject of our research efforts. The published experiments in this area have been very few and results were not encouraging, mainly due to the single mode fiber (SMF) birefringence. Our research has led to a development of a computer controlled birefringence compensation in Sagnac that open the door to both classical and quantum Sagnac applications. On the quantum secret sharing side, we have achieved the first quantum secret sharing experiment over telecom fiber in a five-party implementation using the "plug & play" setup and in a four-party implementation using Sagnac configuration. The setup measurements have shown feasibility and scalability of multiparty quantum communication over commercial telecom fiber networks.
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Paredes, Bruna Patrícia Rodrigues. "Contexts requirements in new generation access networks." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17387.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e Telecomunicações<br>A Internet está a ter um papel cada vez mais activo no quotidiano
actual. As exigências de tráfego estão a aumentar
consideravelmente mais do que a receita disponivel, sendo que se
torna visível a extrema necessidade por servicos de banda larga.
Recentemente, os operadores de telecomunicações tem
demonstrado um vasto interesse em providenciar serviços a clientes
residenciais, usando Redes Ópticas Passivas (PON). Este forte
investimento levou ao desenvolvimento de vários standards, estando
actualmente a ser desenvolvida a nova geracão da rede. O novo
objectivo é bastante claro – NGPON2 deve superar as tecnologias
anterioes relativamente à compatibilidade ODN, capacidade, largura
de banda e custo-eficiência. Após vários estudos, em Abril de 2012,
FSAN ((Full Service Access Network) definiu TWDM (Time-
Wavelength Division Multiplexing) como sendo a solução mais
atractiva para preencher os requisitos necessários. Em Março de
2013, foi aprovada a norma ITU-T G.989.1 endereçando novos
planos de comprimentos de onda, de acordo com as exigências dos
operadores. O requisito mais importante para esta nova rede de
acesso centra-se em garantir uma possível co-existência com as
redes PON já desenvolvidas. Para esse efeito, torna-se essencial
uma nova alocação de espectro e posteriores estudos de
interferência, garantindo, assim, a preservação de todos os
sistemas.
No âmbito do referido acima, o presente documento expôe
inicialmente um estudo acerca da nova tecnologia TWDM, incluindo
caracteristicas gerais e suas limitações. Foram obtidos, para tal,
resultados experimentais e simulados. Posteriormente, é efectuado
um estudo da tecnologia TWDM em co-existência com redes PONs
anteriores e, também, com sinais modulados com diferente
formatos. Estes cenários tem o propósito de observar os efeitos
gerados no seu desempenho. Alguns parâmetros, como
espaçamento entre canais, potência de transmissão e taxas de
transmissão de bits foram tidos em consideração. O objectivo é criar
uma única rede heterogénea onde vários formatos de alta
transmissão de dados co-existem, por forma a optimizar e definir a
máxima ocupação da rede de acesso de nova geração.<br>The Internet is increasingly becoming part of everyday life.
Once the traffic demands are growing much more rapidly
than the available revenue, it is visible the gradual increase
of the need for broadband services. In recent years, telecom
operators have shown a great interest in providing various
services to residential customers, using the Passive Optical
Network (PON) topology. This strong investment has led to
several standards in order to achieve the potential
subscribers and nowadays is being developed the next
generation. The future goal is clear - NGPON2 must
overcome previous technologies in ODN compatibility,
capacity, bandwidth and cost-efficiency. After several
studies, in April 2012, FSAN (Full Service Access Network)
defined TWDM (Time-Wavelength Division Multiplexing) as
the more attractive solution to fulfill the necessary
requirements. On March 2013, was approved the ITU-T
G.989.1 recommendation addressing possible wavelength
plans, according operator’s needs. The most important
requirement for this new access generation is to provide an
environment of coexistence with the legacy PON and others.
In this order, it is necessary new allocation in the spectrum
and further interference studies, to preserve all the systems
intact.
In this scope, the following document presents a study over
the new technology TWDM separately, including general
features and limitations. Both simulated and experimental
results were obtained. Afterward, it is introduced within
several coexistence scenarios, with the legacy and signals
with different modulation formats, to observe the effect
created on its performance. Were taken into account some
parameters as channel spacing, transmitted power and high
bit rates. The aim is to create a heterogeneous network with
high data rate formats coexisting in the same access
network to study and help defining the next generation max
occupancy of a given network.
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Maamoun, Khaled M. "Deploying Monitoring Trails for Fault Localization in All-optical Networks and Radio-over-Fiber Passive Optical Networks." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23195.
Full textAbstract:
Fault localization is the process of realizing the true source of a failure from a set of collected failure notifications. Isolating failure recovery within the network optical domain is necessary to resolve alarm storm problems. The introduction of the monitoring trail (m-trail) has been proven to deliver better performance by employing monitoring resources in a form of optical trails - a monitoring framework that generalizes all the previously reported counterparts. In this dissertation, the m-trail design is explored and a focus is given to the analysis on using m-trails with established lightpaths to achieve fault localization. This process saves network resources by reducing the number of the m-trails required for fault localization and therefore the number of wavelengths used in the network. A novel approach based on Geographic Midpoint Technique, an adapted version of the Chinese Postman’s Problem (CPP) solution and an adapted version of the Traveling Salesman’s Problem (TSP) solution algorithms is introduced. The desirable features of network architectures and the enabling of innovative technologies for delivering future millimeter-waveband (mm-WB) Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) systems for wireless services integrated in a Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) is proposed in this dissertation. For the conceptual illustration, a DWDM RoF system with channel spacing of 12.5 GHz is considered. The mm-WB Radio Frequency (RF) signal is obtained at each Optical Network Unit (ONU) by simultaneously using optical heterodyning photo detection between two optical carriers. The generated RF modulated signal has a frequency of 12.5 GHz. This RoF system is easy, cost-effective, resistant to laser phase noise and also reduces maintenance needs, in principle. A revision of related RoF network proposals and experiments is also included. A number of models for Passive Optical Networks (PON)/ RoF-PON that combine both innovative and existing ideas along with a number of solutions for m-trail design problem of these models are proposed. The comparison between these models uses the expected survivability function which proved that these models are liable to be implemented in the new and existing PON/ RoF-PON systems. This dissertation is followed by recommendation of possible directions for future research in this area.
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Яковенко, Ю. М. "Проект мережі широкосмугового доступу з використанням PON-технології у м. Суми". Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/76525.
Full textAbstract:
Розраховано оптичний бюджет та на основі цих розрахунків розроблено схему розварювання
ВОЛЗ та побудовано план мережі PON.
Розроблено програмне забезпечення, що дозволяє розрахувати згасання в PON-мережі для
кожного елементу окрему та в цілому на лінії.
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Cardoso, Rodrigo Alves 1986. "Proposta, simulação e testes de arquitetura para redes ópticas passivas GPON e XG-PON." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258924.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Edson Moschim<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T23:28:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Cardoso_RodrigoAlves_M.pdf: 10022519 bytes, checksum: 6cc7c615004e4ecdf7f5acc095cd2d2f (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2015<br>Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi propor uma arquitetura de rede óptica passiva (PON) capaz de suportar um sistema GPON e permitir a evolução para redes PON de nova geração, ou XG-PON, de maneira que ambas as tecnologias possam coexistir na mesma infraestrutura de rede óptica. Na arquitetura foram considerados um mecanismo de proteção parcial e equipamentos que possibilitam sua efetiva construção. Foi apresentado um modelo matemático que permitiu a validação da arquitetura em função do cálculo do power budget de acordo com as premissas estabelecidas pelas normas das tecnologias PON. Um modelo de cálculo de disponibilidade de redes com proteção parcial foi apresentado. De posse destes modelos foram obtidos resultados do alcance máximo da rede, número máximo de clientes suportados, as classes requeridas de equipamentos GPON e XG-PON e a relação entre o comprimento do enlace protegido e a disponibilidade, sendo obtido um alcance máximo de 13 km e disponibilidade próxima a 5-9s para uma rede com proteção parcial. O desempenho do sistema foi validado utilizando o simulador Optisystem e testes realizados em equipamentos reais<br>Abstract: The aim of this work was to propose a Passive Optical Network architecture (PON) capable of supporting a GPON system and enable the evolution to next-generation PON network, or XG-PON, where both technologies can coexist in the same optical network infrastructure. In the architecture were considered a partial protection mechanism and devices that allow their deployment in real situations. It was presented a mathematical model to validation of the architecture based in the power budget calculation and in the premises established by the PON technologies recommendations. A mathematical model to calc availability in networks with partial protection was presented. Using these models were obtained the maximum reach of the network, maximum supported clients, which GPON and XG-PON equipment classes were required and the relationship between the length of the protected link and availability. It was obtained a maximum reach of 13 km and network availability next to 5-9s using partial protection. The system¿s performance was validated using the Optisystem simulator and tests performed in real equipment<br>Mestrado<br>Telecomunicações e Telemática<br>Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Zorgani, Nagib Youssef. "The Design of FTTH Network." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221007.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to explain the problems of optical access networks with wavelength division multiplexers, main purpose is to demonstrate the difference between theoretical and real measurement. The work is divided into several thematic areas. The introduction outlines the basic of telecommunications, fiber optics lasers, single mode, multimode, lasers fibers cables & cores, splitters division multiplexing system, there are known solutions discussed fundamental wavelength multiplexes and their possible combinations. The following chapter deals with the active elements such as AON, PON, which are essential part xWDM systems such as optical lasers, detectors and amplifiers. Another chapter focuses on passive elements, which form a key part of the wavelength multiplex. Methods of measurement of WDM/PON networks are discussed in the following part. The next section describes the topology used active and passive optical networks. The penultimate part of the work consists of architecture & technology of xWDM such as GPON and WDM-PON networks and comparing their transmission parameters. The final part of the paper presents the results of practical experimental measurements of optical access networks with wavelengths division multiplex while these results are compared with the theoretical output & methods of Optical lost test, OTDR & LSPM, with advantage & disadvantage of every methods. The second part of practical is the draft to the connection resident housing units of 30 houses, boarding-house (10 rooms) and 2 shops, 20 km distant from exchange. With comparing the possibilities of two options- passive and active optical network- PON system – WDM- Wave multiplex. Suggest the possibility of measuring and monitoring the created network.
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Silva, Rui Miguel Horta Coelho da. "WDM-PON architecture with centralized generation of optical multi-carriers." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14571.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e Telecomunicações<br>The rapid growth of the telecommunications area and the increasing demand
for bandwidth by users has led to the need of develop the Wavelength-division
multiplexed passive optical network (WDM-PON) architecture, which can
increase the bandwidth of the existing network without the necessity of
installing new fiber .
A key technique for the high capacity WDM-PON networks is the generation of
optical multi-carriers. This technique is the main focus point of this dissertation,
which begins to look at the generation of optical multi-carriers in a general way
and then will try to find the best way to apply this technique to an Ultra Dense
WDM-PON (UDWDM-PON) application. Two distinct methods of generating
optical multi-carriers were tested and it was concluded that the ‘single stage
dual arm driven MZM’ is the one that offers more benefits to an UDWDM-PON
application.<br>O rápido crescimento do setor das telecomunicações e a crescente procura de
largura de banda por parte dos utilizadores, levou à necessidade de
desenvolvimento da arquitetura wavelength-division multiplexed passive
optical network (WDM-PON), que permite aumentar a largura de banda da
rede existente sem a necessidade de instalar nova fibra.
Uma técnica chave para a criação de redes WDM-PON de alta capacidade é a
geração de multi-portadoras óticas. Esta técnica é o principal foco desta
dissertação, que começa por olhar para a geração de multi-portadoras óticas
de uma forma geral e de seguida vai encontrar a melhor forma para aplicar
esta técnica a uma aplicação Ultra Dense WDM-PON (UDWDM-PON). Dois
métodos distintos de gerar multi-portadoras foram testadas e foi concluído que
o ‘single stage dual arm driven MZM’ é o método que mais benefícios
apresenta para uma aplicação UDWDM-PON.
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Bento, Susana Gonçalves. "Transceivers for TWDM-PON." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14570.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e Telecomunicações<br>In recent years, Internet has been assuming a fundamental role in
everyday life. Traffic demands are increasing in such a way that the
available technologies will presumably no longer satisfy the raised
requirements. For the last years, operators have expressed a clear
interest in the implementation and development of Passive Optical
Network (PON) to provide several services and applications to a high
flow rate per client. Comparing to other access technologies, PON is
very attractive mainly due to reduction of maintenance and to the
operational cost efficiency. As a consequence, PON systems were
standardized and developed in the whole world, but the everincreasing
bandwidth demand makes this type of network need to
evolve. Therefore, the current standardized technologies Gigacapable
PON and XG-PON need to be upgraded to Next-Generation
PON2. In order to protect the initial investment and to reduce the
operational costs, operators should keep the current optical
distribution network, providing the technologies coexistence in the
same fiber.
The principle of NG-PON2 is to improve previous technologies, in
terms of capacity, ODN compatibility, bandwidth and cost-efficiency. In
April 2012, Full Service Access Network (FSAN) selected the time and
wavelength multiplexing PON (TWDM-PON) technology as the
solution of choice for NG-PON2. Almost one year later, ITU-T G.989.1
came out, providing some wavelength plans proposals. The ability to
operate on existing fiber ODN, coexisting with legacy PON is the most
important requirement.
The current dissertation is based on the study of TWDM-PON
upstream transmission. Both GPON and XG-PON work in burst mode
for upstream direction, therefore in the current study also that type of
data transmission is considered for upstream TWDM-PON. Once
using this transmission mode, some parameters have to be taken into
consideration, as the packets size and their separation length in order
to understand which frame fits the best, considering the system
performance.
In the actual study, it was supposed to visualize transients in each
packet, however it was experimentally proved that once the lifetime of
the carriers is less than the burst time, it was not possible to identify
any of them. It was also verified that increasing the guard time will
decrease the performance of the system.<br>A Internet tem vindo a assumir um papel fundamental no
quotidiano de cada utilizador. A largura de banda exigida é cada vez
mais alta, desta forma, as tecnologias actualmente disponíveis
acabarão por deixar de satisfazer os requisitos emergentes. Nos
últimos anos, as operadoras têm manifestado um interesse evidente
no desenvolvimento de Redes Ópticas Passivas (PON), com o intuito
de fornecer vários serviços e aplicações a uma taxa de fluxo elevada
por cliente. Comparando com outras tecnologias de acesso, as redes
PON são muito actrativas devido à sua baixa manutenção e aos
custos/eficiência de operação. Como consequência, os sistemas PON
foram padronizados e desenvolvidos em todo o mundo. No entanto,
este tipo de tecnologia necessita de progredir ao longo do tempo,
mantendo a satisfação dos requisitos de tráfego que lhe serão
impostos. Assim, as tecnologias actualmente implementadas: GPON
e XG-PON, necessitam de sofrer um upgrade para NG-PON2 (Next-
Generation PON 2). De modo a proteger o investimento inicial,
reduzindo os custos de operação, as operadoras devem manter e
reutilizer a ODN já implementada, possibilitando a coexistência das
tecnologias na mesma fibra.
NG-PON2 é uma melhoria da capacidade, da compatibilidade na
ODN, largura de banda e custo-eficiência das tecnologias anteriores.
Em Abril de 2012, a FSAN selecionou a tecnologia TWDM-PON (Time
and Wavelength Division Multiplexing PON) como solução do projecto
NG-PON2. Um ano após a sua seleção, a norma ITU-T G.989.1 foi
publicada, propondo alguns planos de comprimentos de onda. A
coexistência de TWDM-PON com as PON anteriores na mesma ODN
é o requisite mais importante.
A presente dissertação baseia-se no estudo de transmissão
upstream de TWDM-PON. Ambos GPON e XG-PON operam em
modo burst para a direção upstream. Uma vez utilizao este modo de
transmissão, é necessário considerer determinados parâmetros como
o tempo de separação interburst – guard time, tal como o
comprimento de cada pacote, com o intuito de compreender o
impacto da variação destes mesmos campos no desempenho do
sistema.
No presente estudo, era susposto visualizar transientes em cada
pacote de transmissão, no entanto foi comprovado
experimentalmente, que uma vez que o tempo de vida dos portadores
do EDFA selecionado é menor que o intervalo de cada burst, não se
identificaram transientes. Verificou-se também que, o aumento da
separação interburst degrada o desempenho do sistema.
41
Raddo, Thiago Roberto. "Proposal of a new approach for BER evaluation of multirate, multiservice OCDMA systems." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18155/tde-16102012-105005/.
Full textAbstract:
The continuous evolution of the optical communication technology in the last few years has allowed the growing users demand for higher bandwidth to be satisfactorily attended. This new demand is mainly attributed to the growing popularity of bandwidth-intensive networking applications, such as Internet protocol television (IPTV), high-definition television (HDTV), e-learning, e-health, super high-definition (SHD) class digital movies, and e-culture based on 3-D full-HD video. These applications will eventually require differentiated service types and diversified data rates. As a result, capability of supporting differentiated-quality of service (QoS) and multirate transmission are becoming a challenge for future optical networks. Among many multiplexing techniques, optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) constitutes a potential candidate for next generation optical networks, particularly due to features like asynchronous operation, simplified network control, easy addition of new users, and possibility of differentiated-QoS at the physical layer. The performance of this access technique is mainly limited by multiple-access interference (MAI). Although in multirate, multiservice OCDMA systems MAI is considered to be binomially distributed, others probability distributions for the MAI analyzes and consequently the bit error rate (BER) have been used as an approximation. In this context, this dissertation proposes a new formalism to evaluate the BER performance of 1-D and 2-D multirate, multiservice OCDMA systems considering MAI as binomially distributed, resulting in a more accurate BER expression. Also, the proposed approach does not require knowledge a priori of the generated code sequences themselves, which means that the system performance analysis is achieved more easily using only the code parameters. Furthermore, a multirate OCDMA system employing 1-D optical orthogonal code (OOC) and 2-D optical fast frequency hopping (OFFH) codes is also investigated. A performance comparison in terms of BER for the OOC-based system assuming both Poisson and binomial distribution for the MAI is investigated. A further comparison of an OFFH-based multirate system assuming both gaussian and binomial distribution for the MAI is also analyzed. It is shown that BER performance in multirate scenarios can be overestimated or underestimated by many orders of magnitude depending on the assumed distribution for the MAI and on the number of simultaneous users. Moreover, it is presented for the first time a hybrid OCDM/WDM optical packet switch capable of supporting multirate and differentiated-QoS transmission. The architecture of the proposed multirate switch and its performance in terms of packet loss probability are also presented. Finally, it is shown that using a gaussian or Poisson distribution for the MAI might not be appropriate for a reliable BER estimate, since they are not acceptable approximations to assess the performance of multirate, multiservice systems with good accuracy.<br>A contínua evolução da tecnologia de comunicações ópticas observada nos últimos anos vem possibilitando atender a crescente demanda dos usuários por maior largura de banda. Esta nova demanda é atribuída principalmente à popularidade crescente de aplicações de banda larga, tais como TV por protocolo de Internet (IPTV), televisão de alta definição (HDTV), ensino online, e-saúde, filmes digitais de super alta definição (SHD) e e-cultura baseado em vídeo 3-D full-HD. Esta vasta gama de aplicações acabará por necessitar de tipos de serviços diferenciados e taxas de transmissão de dados diversificadas. Como resultado, capacidades de suportar diferenciamento de qualidade de serviço (QoS) e transmissão de múltiplas taxas estão se tornando um desafio para as redes ópticas futuras. Dentre muitas técnicas de multiplexação existentes, OCDMA constitui-se em um candidato potencial para as redes ópticas de próxima geração, particularmente devido a características como operação assíncrona, controle de rede simplificada, fácil adição de novos usuários, e também possibilidade de QoS diferenciado na camada física. O desempenho desta técnica de acesso múltiplo é limitado principalmente por interferência múltipla de acesso (MAI). Embora em sistemas OCDMA de múltiplas taxas e multiserviços a MAI deva ser considerada binomialmente distribuída, outras distribuições de probabilidade para a análise da MAI e, consequentemente, da BER têm sido utilizadas como uma aproximação. Neste contexto, este trabalho propõe um novo formalismo para avaliar o desempenho da BER de sistemas OCDMA 1-D e 2-D de múltiplas taxas e multisserviços considerando a MAI como binomialmente distribuída, o que resulta em uma expressão mais precisa para a BER. Além disso, o método proposto neste trabalho não requer conhecimento, a priori, das sequências de códigos geradas, o que significa que a análise do desempenho do sistema é obtida mais facilmente utilizando apenas os parâmetros do código. Um sistema OCDMA de múltiplas taxas empregando códigos 1-D OOC e 2-D OFFH será também investigado. Uma comparação do desempenho em termos de BER para o sistema baseado em OOC supondo tanto a distribuição de Poisson quanto a binomial para a MAI é investigada. De forma análoga, uma comparação para o sistema de múltiplas taxas baseado em OFFH supondo desta vez tanto a distribuição gaussiana quanto a binomial para a MAI também é analisada. É mostrado que a BER em cenários de múltiplas taxas pode ser superestimada ou subestimada em várias ordens de grandeza, dependendo da distribuição suposta para a MAI e do número de usuários simultâneos no sistema. Além disso, é apresentado pela primeira vez um switch óptico híbrido de pacotes OCDM/WDM capaz de prover transmissões de múltiplas taxas e serviços diferenciados. A arquitetura do switch proposto e seu desempenho em termos de probabilidade de perda de pacotes também são apresentados. Finalmente, é mostrado que o uso da distribuição gaussiana ou poissoniana para a MAI pode não ser apropriado para uma estimativa confiável de BER, uma vez que não são aproximações aceitáveis para avaliar o desempenho de sistemas de múltiplas taxas e multiserviços com boa precisão.
42
Pereira, Flavio de Melo. "Modelagem, policiamento e escalonamento em redes Ethernet PON." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260703.
Full textAbstract:
Orientadores: Dalton Soares Arantes, Nelson Luis Saldanha da Fonseca<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T07:59:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Pereira_FlaviodeMelo_D.pdf: 3025086 bytes, checksum: 2baf4e2cf83a53c366092610c84e1bdc (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2006<br>Resumo: Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma nova proposta de modelagem, policiamento e escalonamento de tráfego em redes Ethernet com elementos ápticos passivos. Esta proposta visa ao suporte a garantias de desempenho individuais para os fluxos. Propomos um processo envelope denominado Processo de Chegada com Limitante Fracionário para a representação de tráfego multimidia com características fractais. Com base neste modelo, propomos o uso do algoritmo do balde furado para o policiamento do tráfego. Para o escalonamento de tráfego, propomos uma nova política em que a rede reserva uma parcela minima de banda para cada fluxo, sendo que os fluxos com demanda reprimida recebem uma parcela justa dos recursos ociosos. Para esta política, denominada Compartilhamento Proporcional com Reserva de Carga, estabelecemos as condições de estabilidade da rede e apresentamos expressões limitantes para a justiça e para o atraso dos fluxos<br>Abstract: We propose new framework for traffic modelling, policing and scheduling in Ethernet Passive Optical Networks. This framework aims at providing performance guarantees to individual flows in access networks. We propose a new envelope process called Fractional Bounded Arrival Process for selfsimilar 'multimedia traffic representation. The policing of such a kind of traffic by using the leaky bucket algorithm is also proposed. We present a novel discipline for scheduling the upstream flows in EPON networks. In such a discipline, which is calle4 Proportional Sharing with Load Reservation, each flow is guaranteed a minimum share of bandwidth and the unused bandwidth is fairly distributed among them in proportion to their own demands and priorities. We analyze the performance of the proposed discipline and provide fairness and delay bounds on a per-flow basis<br>Doutorado<br>Telecomunicações e Telemática<br>Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
43
Paiva, Getúlio Eduardo Rodrigues de. "Estudo de esquemas de amplificação para redes PON de longo alcance." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18155/tde-07052012-095117/.
Full textAbstract:
O surgimento de novos serviços que requerem uma largura de banda cada vez maior, bem como o crescente número de usuários de tais serviços, têm introduzido desafios às empresas operadoras de telecomunicações em sua capacidade de atender a estas demandas sem perda apreciável da qualidade de serviço e mantendo, ainda assim, os custos num nível aceitável pelos usuários. Neste contexto, redes ópticas passivas (PONs) vêm atraindo grande interesse em anos recentes. Na sua variante de longo-alcance, as redes PON permitem uma consolidação do uso dos equipamentos e centrais de serviço requeridos, reduzindo custos operacionais e de instalação. Uma das formas de atingir este maior alcance dá-se por meio da inserção de amplificadores ópticos nas redes de acesso. Neste trabalho, portanto, estudaram-se alguns tipos de amplificadores ópticos e suas possíveis aplicações em redes de acesso, levando a topologias de longo alcance e alta capacidade. Foram realizadas avaliações experimentais de um extensor, baseado em amplificadores ópticos semicondutores (SOAs), na rede GPON do CPqD, sob a Meta 3 do Projeto GIGA, possibilitando a obtenção de uma topologia do tipo Fiber-to-the-Building (FTTB) com 80 km de extensão e 128 usuários atendidos por uma única central de serviço. Além dessas validações experimentais, foram simulados computacionalmente SOAs com características otimizadas bem como sistemas que utilizam fibras dopadas com érbio bombeadas remotamente, sendo que nestes últimos, atingiram-se distâncias superiores a 100 km.<br>The emergence of new services which require an increasing bandwidth, as well as the growing number of users of such services, have introduced challenges to the network operators in regard to their capacity of supporting these demands with no penalty on the required quality of service, while keeping the costs at an acceptable level for the users. In this context, passive optical networks (PONs) have attracted a great deal of interest in recent years. In the long-reach configuration, PON networks allow for a consolidation of equipament usage, reducing operational and installation costs. One way to achieve this longer reach is by the insertion of optical amplifiers in the access network. Therefore, in our work, we have investigated several optical amplifier configurations, as well as their application in access networks, leading to longreach and high capacity network topologies. Experimental evaluations of an extender, based on semiconductor optical amplifiers, were carried out in the CPqD GPON network, under Goal 3 of GIGA Project, allowing the achievement of a Fiber-to-the-Building (FTTB) topology with 80km of extension and 128 users served by a single central office. Besides these experimental validations, were simulated computationally SOAs with optimized characteristics as well as systems using remotely pumped erbium-doped fibers, whereas in the latter were reached distances exceeding 100 km.
44
Simon, Gaël. "Introduction des technologies de multiplexage en longueur d'onde dense dans les futures générations de réseaux d'accès optique." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0076/document.
Full textAbstract:
Initialement poussées par le marché résidentiel, les évolutions du réseau d’accès optique sont aujourd’hui également stimulées par l’expansion du réseau mobile. Comme le montre le premier chapitre de ce document, l’introduction d’un multiplexage en longueur d’onde dense constitue l’une des solutions privilégiées pour permettre la montée en débit dans les réseaux d’accès optique. Dans cette thèse, l’impact de l’introduction du multiplexage en longueur d’onde dense est étudié sous trois axes :• Une prochaine étape de l’évolution des technologies pour les réseaux d’accès passerait par une hybridation entre d’une part, un multiplexage temporel (hérité des précédentes générations), et d’autre part, un multiplexage en longueur d’onde dense. Cette technologie, appelée NGPON2-TWDM, permet aujourd’hui d’envisager des débits de 40Gb/s à 80Gb/s grâce à 4 ou 8 canaux. Les difficultés liées à la stabilité de la longueur d’onde lors de l’émission de données en mode paquet dans le sens montant du lien, ainsi que les solutions associées, sont étudiées dans le second chapitre.• L’importance du marché que représente le réseau d’accès optique (aussi bien pour les clients résidentiels que pour les réseaux mobiles), induit la nécessité pour les différentes générations de technologies de coexister au sein d’une même infrastructure. Du fait des fortes puissances optiques en jeu et des plages spectrales allouées à chaque technologie, cette coexistence peut induire des interactions entre technologies par émission Raman stimulée, dont le principe et les impacts sont décrits dans le troisième chapitre.• Enfin, la quatrième partie de ce document est dédiée à l’étude des limites et potentialités de la technologie self-seeded pour le multiplexage en longueur d’onde dense en bande O, capable de stabiliser automatiquement et passivement la longueur d’onde d’émission de chacun des émetteurs du système<br>Initially led by the residential market, today’s optical access network evolutions are stimulated by mobile network expansion. As shown in the first chapter of this document, dense wavelength division multiplexing is one of the favorite solutions in order to increase optical access networks throughput. In this thesis, we propose a study of dense wavelength division multiplexing introduction according to three main topics :• Service providers and equipment suppliers have decided that the next step in residential market evolution will consist in a hybridization between, on one hand, a legacy time division multiplexing, and on the other hand, a dense wavelength division multiplexing. Named NG-PON2, this technology allows today 40Gb/s to 80Gb/s thanks to 4 to 8 channel pairs. Wavelength stability of the upstream emitter under burst mode operation, and related solutions, are studied in the second chapter.• Market importance (for both residential market and mobile networks) requires the different technologies generations to coexist on the same infrastructure. Due to the high optical power and the wavelength spans allocated to each technology, this coexistence can lead to technologies interactions by stimulated Raman scattering, as described in the third chapter.• Finally, the fourth part of this document describes the limits and potentialities of the self-seeded emitter technology for O-band dense wavelength division multiplexing, able to automatically and passively self-stabilize the wavelength of each emitter
45
Khan, Rameez Ahmed. "Analysis of the performance of Hybrid TWDM Passive OpticalNetworks (NG-PON2)." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för fysik och elektroteknik (IFE), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-102467.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, a review of research literature has been carried out to investigate Hybrid Time and wavelength Division Multiplexing techniques with respect to reach, split ratio, and speed of the network. This was done to overcome challenges presented by Passive Optical Networks, such as the reach and the high split ratio. A comparison of different methods clarifies that Hybrid PassiveOptical Networks have a high power-budget that ensure efficient signal transmission. The Optisys software has been used to analyze the performance of the different techniques.
46
Coelho, Ricardo Jorge Mendonça. "Optoelectronic modules for next generation optical networks." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23723.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e Telecomunicações<br>Nos últimos anos tem-se verificado uma clara evolução na implementação e
desenvolvimento da fibra ótica até ao consumidor final. As redes Fiber-tothe-
Home (FTTH) foram desenvolvidas e normalizadas em todo o mundo,
no entanto, a necessidade de largura de banda pelos utilizadores e pelos
novos servi cos obrigou esta tecnologia a evoluir, desde as Gigabitcapable
Passive Optical Networks (GPON) e 10 Gigabit-capable Passive
Optical Network (XG-PON) para a Next Generation Passive Optical Network
2 (NG-PON2), que vai começar agora a sua implantação.
Para garantir a interoperabilidade entre operadores dentro da mesma tecnologia,
foram desenvolvidas normas para os componentes optoelectrónicos
onde as suas interfaces e mecanismos de comunicação são transparentes
aos aparelhos que estão distribuídos ao longo da rede permitindo assim a
um operador utilizar produtos de diversos vendedores sem ter que adaptar
a sua solução. Para as redes de acesso Passive Optical Networks (PON)
de futura geração estes componentes têm que ser desenvolvidos, desde os
componentes óticos incluídos nos transrecetores optoelectrónicos até os sistemas
eletrónicos de controlo dos mesmos.
O aumento da procura de optoelectrónica para tecnologias futuras cria uma
necessidade de soluções eletrónicas que possibilitem testar a sua operação
e validar resultados e conformidades com as normas estabelecidas. Para
transrecetores de nova geração é relevante a criação de soluções que permitam
testar a sua emissão e receção a altos ritmos de dados, bem como
a reprogramação manual ou automática dos seus paramentos eletrónicos,
para otimização dos pontos de operação, durante o seu processo de fabrico.
Neste trabalho, apresentam-se componentes óticos de nova geração e
introduz-se módulos inovadores no mercado que permitam de forma rápida
e comoda programar, testar e caracterizar componentes óticos. Através dos
módulos desenvolvidos, procede-se à caracterização de componentes para
redes de acesso de próxima geração em arquitetura NG-PON2.<br>Over the recent past, there has been a clear evolution in the development
and implementation of ber optics to the end user. FTTH networks were
developed and normalized across the world, but the bandwidth requirements
by users and services demanded that this technology evolved, from GPON to
XG-PON, and now to NG-PON2, which is now starting its implementation.
To ensure the functionality of a technology across di erent operators, standards
for optoelectronic components were developed, where their interfaces
and communication mechanisms are transparent to the devices distributed
in the networks, allowing an operator to use products from di erent vendors
without the need to change the solution. For next generation PON
access networks, these components need to be developed, from the optical
components in the transceivers to their electrical control systems.
The rising demand for optoelectronics in future technologies creates a
need for electronic solutions in testing operation performance, results validation,
and compliance with established standards. For next generation
transceivers, it is relevant to create solutions that allow to test both transmission
and reception ate high data rates, allow manual or automatic reprogramming
of electronic parameters, for operation point optimization, during
the manufacturing process.
On this work, next generation optical components are presented and innovative
modules that allow quick and easy programing, testing and characterization
of optical components are introduced. Using the developed modules,
a characterization is made on state of the art access network components
for the NG-PON2 architecture.
47
Morgado, Tiago Manuel Coelho. "Photonic integrated circuits for use in NG-PON2 networks." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/18520.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e Telecomunicações<br>Nos dias que correm com a adoção generalizada de smartphones, conteúdos de vídeo, computação em nuvem e redes sociais, o volume de tráfego não para de aumentar. Assim, existe uma procura constante para melhorar a largura de banda das redes existentes. Neste contexto surgiu a Next Generation Passive Optical Network Phase (NG-PON) 2 a qual é um novo standard que vai permitir um aumento da largura de banda que pode chegar aos 80Gbps. O conhecimento dos requisitos do standard NG-PON 2 é importante, para que se possam produzir equipamentos que possam vir a ser utilizados nestas redes.
Atualmente existe uma grande evolução nas comunicações óticas. Esta evolução tecnológica levou ao aparecimento de Photonic Integrated Circuits(PICs). Os PICs permitem a integração no mesmo chip de diversos componentes óticos permitindo assim construir circuitos com maior desempenho e fiabilidade. Cada vez mais, existe um grande investimento nesta área, estão inclusivamente a aparecer softwares cujo propósito é permitir aos utilizadores criar e simular PICs, para que estes possam ser posteriormente construídos. É então importante o conhecimento das caraterísticas mais importantes dos blocos que estes softwares permitem simular. Neste trabalho serão testados alguns blocos do “VPItoolkit PDK HHI” que é um toolkit que quando adicionado no software VPItransmissionMaker™, permite simular os componentes produzidos pelo Heinrich Hertz Institute (HHI). Com estes componentes, serão ainda feitas simulações visando a sua utilização em uma rede NG-PON2. Foi também dada grande atenção ao estudo dos Multimode Interference Devices (MMI) dos quais foi feito um modelo em MATLAB. E ao mach Zehnder Modulator (MZM) do qual foi realizada uma animação a demostrar dinamicamente a propagação da Luz dentro dele. Foram ainda sugeridas duas arquiteturas possíveis para um tranceiver a ser utilizado no Optical Network Unit (ONU) em redes NG-PON 2.<br>Nowadays with the widespread adoption of smartphones, video content, cloud computing and social networks, the volume of traffic is constantly increasing. Therefore, it exists a constant demand to improve the bandwidth of the existing networks. In this context emerged the Next Generation Passive Optical Network Phase (NG-PON 2), which is a new standard that will allow an increase in the bandwidth up to 80 Gbps. The knowledge of the requirements of the standard NG-PON 2 is important, to allow the production of equipment that can be used in these networks.
Currently there is a major evolution in optical communications. This technological evolution has led to the emergence of Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs). By using PICs various optical components can be integrated on the same chip, allowing to build circuits with higher performance and reliability. Currently there is a large investment in this area, software whose purpose is to allow users to create and simulate PICs are starting to appear, to subsequently allow a correct manufacturing of the PICs. It is important to know the most important features of these software blocks and what do they allow to simulate. During this work some blocks from "VPItoolkit PDK HHI" will be tested. "VPItoolkit PDK HHI" is a toolkit that when added in VPItransmissionMaker ™ software allows the simulation of the components produced by the Heinrich Hertz Institute (HHI). With these components, simulations were made to test their use in a NG-PON2 network. It was also given attention to the study of the Multimode Interference Devices (MMI) from which was created a model in MATLAB. And to the Mach Zehnder Modulator (MZM) from which was made an animation to dynamically demonstrate the propagation of light inside him. It was also suggested two possible architectures for a transceiver to be used on the Optical Network Unit (ONU) in NG-PON 2 networks.
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Andrade, Jardín Marilet de. "Resource optimization in passive optical networks: dynamic bandwidth Allocation, Evolution, and Cost-Effective Capacity Upgrades." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7052.
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This thesis is a result of contributions to optimize or improve resource allocation in Passive Optical Networks (PON). The contributions are related with resource allocation during PON operation and with the upgrade process to allocate more capacity to the network in an "as-needed" fashion. We first address algorithms for Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) in the upstream channel of Ethernet-based PONs through providing a state-of-the-art survey and proposing two algorithms. The proposed DBA results demonstrate improved performance and fairness among users. Then we introduce the problem of allocating new capacity to an existing PON through addition of wavelength (channels) and line-rate upgrades. In this regard, we first analyze possible strategies for PON evolution, and then we provide a new cost-based method to optimize the upgrade process in a per-period basis. The results on PON evolution analysis and our capacity-upgrade method contribute to cost reductions while optimizing new channel allocation, maximizing network capacity usage, and assuring minimum disturbances.<br/><br/>Esta tesis es el resultado de contribuciones para optimizar o mejorar la distribución de recursos en Redes Ópticas Pasivas (PONs). Las contribuciones están relacionadas con el uso de los recursos durante la operación de las PONs y con el proceso de incremento en la capacidad en la red de forma gradual. Primero enfocamos el estudio en algoritmos de Distribución Dinámica de Ancho de Banda (DBA, por las siglas en inglés) sobre el canal ascendente de las redes PON basadas en Ethernet, para lo cual proveemos un resumen del estado del arte y proponemos dos nuevos algoritmos. Los resultados de evaluar los DBA propuestos demuestran mejoras en el rendimiento y mayor justicia entre los usuarios. Posteriormente se introduce el problema de asignar más capacidad a una PON existente mediante la implementación de nuevas longitudes de onda (canales) y aumento de la tasa de línea. Finalmente se plantea un método que minimiza las inversiones en el proceso de migración de las redes PON. Los resultados en el análisis de la evolución de las PONs y nuestro método basado en costos para incrementar la capacidad, contribuyen a reducir la inversión a la vez que se optimiza la implementación y asignación de nuevos canales, maximizando el uso de la capacidad de la red, y asegurando mínimos cortes de servicios.
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Lebreton, Aurélien. "Allocation dynamique de ressources basée sur un multiplexage radio-fréquence pour les futurs réseaux d'accès optique passifs." Thesis, Lorient, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORIS381.
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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre de la montée en débit des réseaux d’accès optiques passifs. Les travaux menés durant cette thèse s’appuient sur le constat que les technologies actuelles basées sur le multiplexage temporel, arriveront à leurs limites dans les années à venir et ne pourront plus répondre à l’évolution des besoins en débit. L’étude des problèmes rencontrés lors les déploiements actuels conduit à proposer une autre forme de multiplexage plus adaptée aux débits demandés par les utilisateurs : le multiplexage fréquentiel (ou FDM/FDMA). Les travaux réalisés dans cette thèse ont pour but de montrer la faisabilité d’une telle architecture en laboratoire. Les objectifs sont de déterminer les débits atteignables, que ce soit pour le lien descendant (du central vers l’abonné) ou pour le lien montant (abonnée vers central), mais également de réaliser une étude théorique afin de mettre en lumière les limites de cette solution. Des algorithmes d’allocation dynamique de ressources ont été élaborés et validés expérimentalement afin de déterminer la capacité totale de chaque lien. L’architecture utilisant deux longueurs d’ondes distinctes (une pour le lien descendant et l’autre pour le lien montant) permet d’atteindre un débit de 40 Gbps et 20 Gbps respectivement pour le lien descendant et montant en utilisant le format de multiplexage FDM/FDMA. Enfin, une architecture hybride n’employant qu’une seule longueur d’onde pour le transport à la fois les données montantes et descendantes a été explorée et permet d’atteindre un débit symétrique de 25Gbps<br>This thesis is part of the growing capacity of passive optical access networks. The works done during this thesis are based on the fact that current technologies, employing time division multiplexing, will reach their limits in the coming years and will no longer respond to changes in high bitrates requirements. The study of problems encountered during the current deployments led us to propose another form of multiplexing more suitable for bitrates requested by users: the FDM/FDMA PON, frequency division multiplexing. The work done in this thesis aim to demonstrate the feasibility of a such architecture in the laboratory. The objectives are to determine the achievable capacity, whether for the downlink (from central office to user) or the uplink (subscriber to central), but also to achieve a theoretical study to highlight the limitations of this solution. Algorithms for dynamic allocation of resources have been developed and validated experimentally to determine the total capacity of each link. The architecture using two distinct wavelengths (one for the downlink and one for the uplink) achieves a capacity of 40Gbps for the downlink and 20Gbps for the uplink by using FDM/FDMA PON. Finally, a hybrid architecture using a single wavelength to transport both uplink and downlink data has been explored and achieves a symmetrical capacity of 25Gbps
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Guimarães, Marcelo Alves. "Transporte TDM em redes GPON." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18155/tde-07042011-152547/.
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Neste trabalho analisamos e propomos a utilização de TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) nativo canalizado/estruturado em redes PON (Passive Optical Network) com padrão GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network), com ênfase na estrutura de transmissão do legado das redes de telefonia. O objetivo principal é obter um aumento na eficiência de banda transmitida através da fragmentação de sinais E1 sem que seja necessário o uso de técnicas de emulação de circuito (que reduzem a eficiência de banda devido à adição de cabeçalhos). Inicialmente, é descrito o transporte TDM em redes GPON, como efetuado pelos equipamentos comerciais atuais através de duas técnicas: CES - Circuit Emulation Service e TDM nativo não estruturado. Em seguida, é introduzido o conceito de comutação digital visando sua aplicação no transporte TDM nativo estruturado em redes GPON. Nesta etapa, é proposta uma solução para este transporte, é descrito o protocolo utilizado bem como seu funcionamento. Por fim, como prova de conceito, é apresentada uma implementação em HDL (Hardware Description Language) para FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).<br>In this work we analyze and propose the use of native channeled /structured TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) in GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network), with emphasis on the structure for transmission of the telephone network legacy. The main target is to achieve an increase in transmitted bandwidth efficiency by fragmenting E1 signals, thus avoiding the use of circuit emulation techniques (which reduce the bandwidth efficiency due to overhead addition). Initially, it is described in TDM transport in GPON networks, as it is performed in present commercial equipment by two techniques: CES - Circuit Emulation Service and Native TDM - unstructured. Next, we introduce the concepts of digital switching aiming its application on the transport of native and structured TDM in GPON. At this stage, we propose a transport solution, describe its protocol and functionalities. Finally, for concept proof, we present an implementation in HDL (Hardware Description Language) meant to FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) application.