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Journal articles on the topic 'Optical sensors'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 May 2024

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1

Braunfelds, Janis, Elvis Haritonovs, Ugis Senkans, Inna Kurbatska, Ints Murans, Jurgis Porins, and Sandis Spolitis. "Designing of Fiber Bragg Gratings for Long-Distance Optical Fiber Sensing Networks." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2022 (October 5, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8331485.

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Most optical sensors on the market are optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors with low reflectivity (typically 7-40%) and low side-lobe suppression (SLS) ratio (typically SLS <15 dB), which prevents these sensors from being effectively used for long-distance remote monitoring and sensor network solutions. This research is based on designing the optimal grating structure of FBG sensors and estimating their optimal apodization parameters necessary for sensor networks and long-distance monitoring solutions. Gaussian, sine, and raised sine apodizations are studied to achieve the main requirements, which are maximally high reflectivity (at least 90%) and side-lobe suppression (at least 20 dB), as well as maximally narrow bandwidth (FWHM<0.2 nm) and FBGs with uniform (without apodization). Results gathered in this research propose high-efficiency FBG grating apodizations, which can be further physically realized for optical sensor networks and long-distance (at least 40 km) monitoring solutions.

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2

Han, Yan. "The Building of Optical Fiber Network System Using Hetero-Core Fiber Optic Sensors." Advanced Materials Research 571 (September 2012): 342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.571.342.

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We proposed a novel optical sensory nerve network using pulse switch sensors. The pulse switch sensor generates light loss similar to pulse signals only when ON/OFF states change. Therefore, it has less influence on communications quality compared with conventional switch sensor modules as sensor multiplicity increases. Our simulated results demonstrated that the proposed system can improve sensor multiplicity while maintaining the communications and measuring performance with the same quality as a conventional system by appropriately adjusting the initial loss of the pulse switch sensors. In particular, where ON/OFF time intervals follow exponential distributions with mean values of 5 and 300 s, respectively, the insertion loss of hetero-core segments inserted into pulse switch sensors is 0.3 dB, and the pulse switch sensors have curvature from 0.05 to 0.18. Under these conditions, our enhanced system can increase sensor multiplicity to 23 while maintaining link availability of almost 100%, a distinction error ratio of less than 1%, and a duplicated error ratio of about 0.5%.

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3

Kitazono, Yuhki, Shota Nakashima, Li Feng Zhang, and Serikawa Seiichi. "Proposal of an Optical Linear Sensor Using One-Side Frosted Glass." Applied Mechanics and Materials 36 (October 2010): 370–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.36.370.

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Sensors that detect the distance and the position of an object are used in a lot of fields. Among of them, the sensors that measure the shift value of an object are a large scale system, furthermore, an accurate mounting of these sensors is required. To solve these problems, this paper proposes an optical linear sensor using one-side frosted glass. This sensor can detect the position of the light irradiation point only by putting it directly on the target. For a parallel light, it is irrelevant to the distance between this sensor and the source of light because the size of light beam is unchanged according to the distance. This sensor assumes that the sensor’s surface irradiated roughly vertical with the light, and does not need a high accurate mounting. Therefore, it can be easily used.

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Ren, Danyang, Yizhe Sun, Junhui Shi, and Ruimin Chen. "A Review of Transparent Sensors for Photoacoustic Imaging Applications." Photonics 8, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8080324.

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Photoacoustic imaging is a new type of noninvasive, nonradiation imaging modality that combines the deep penetration of ultrasonic imaging and high specificity of optical imaging. Photoacoustic imaging systems employing conventional ultrasonic sensors impose certain constraints such as obstructions in the optical path, bulky sensor size, complex system configurations, difficult optical and acoustic alignment, and degradation of signal-to-noise ratio. To overcome these drawbacks, an ultrasonic sensor in the optically transparent form has been introduced, as it enables direct delivery of excitation light through the sensors. In recent years, various types of optically transparent ultrasonic sensors have been developed for photoacoustic imaging applications, including optics-based ultrasonic sensors, piezoelectric-based ultrasonic sensors, and microelectromechanical system-based capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers. In this paper, the authors review representative transparent sensors for photoacoustic imaging applications. In addition, the potential challenges and future directions of the development of transparent sensors are discussed.

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Chyad, Radhi M., Mohd Zubir Mat Jafri, and Kamarulazizi Ibrahim. "Nano-Optical Fiber Evanescent Field Sensors." Advanced Materials Research 626 (December 2012): 1027–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.626.1027.

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The nanofiber optic evanescent field sensor based on a changed cladding part as a sensor presented numerically. The influences of numerical opening, core radius of the fiber, the wavelength is effected on the light source and the submicron fiber on the sensors are promise to studied in this work. The results pointed out the sensitivity of the sensor increases when the numerical opening of the fiber is increases and the core radius is decreases. The NA of the fiber affects the sensitivity of the sensor. In the uniform core fiber, the increase in the NA increases the sensitivity of the sensor. Therefore, one should choose a fiber with high NA for the design of an evanescent-wave-absorption sensor if the core of the sensing segment uniform in diameter, so that the increase in the penetration depth or number of ray reflections or both, increases the evanescent absorption field and hence the sensitivity of the sensors. Keywords:fiber optic sensor, chemical sensors, biosensors, nanofiber optic.

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6

Li, Ming, Scott K. Cushing, and Nianqiang Wu. "Plasmon-enhanced optical sensors: a review." Analyst 140, no. 2 (2015): 386–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4an01079e.

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This paper presents a critical review of recent research progress in plasmonic sensors, plasmon-enhanced fluorescence sensors, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensors. It places emphasis on the sensor design strategies, and highlights the applications of sensors in healthcare, homeland security, food safety and environmental monitoring.

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7

Hulea, Mircea, Zabih Ghassemlooy, Sujan Rajbhandari, Othman Isam Younus, and Alexandru Barleanu. "Optical Axons for Electro-Optical Neural Networks." Sensors 20, no. 21 (October 27, 2020): 6119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216119.

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Recently, neuromorphic sensors, which convert analogue signals to spiking frequencies, have been reported for neurorobotics. In bio-inspired systems these sensors are connected to the main neural unit to perform post-processing of the sensor data. The performance of spiking neural networks has been improved using optical synapses, which offer parallel communications between the distanced neural areas but are sensitive to the intensity variations of the optical signal. For systems with several neuromorphic sensors, which are connected optically to the main unit, the use of optical synapses is not an advantage. To address this, in this paper we propose and experimentally verify optical axons with synapses activated optically using digital signals. The synaptic weights are encoded by the energy of the stimuli, which are then optically transmitted independently. We show that the optical intensity fluctuations and link’s misalignment result in delay in activation of the synapses. For the proposed optical axon, we have demonstrated line of sight transmission over a maximum link length of 190 cm with a delay of 8 μs. Furthermore, we show the axon delay as a function of the illuminance using a fitted model for which the root mean square error (RMS) similarity is 0.95.

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8

Nordmeyer, Ulrich, Niels Neumann, Xiaozhou Wang, Dirk Plettemeier, Torsten Thiel, and Konstantin Kojucharow. "Evaluation of optical fibre sensors in the electrical domain." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 9, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-199-2020.

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Abstract. Optical fibre sensors cover a wide range of applications. They offer versatile advantages including resilience to electromagnetic interference, biocompatibility and chemical resistivity. Even in environments with restricted accessibility, integration difficulties can be overcome by using radio-over-fibre (RoF) technology that allows a wireless read-out. Conventionally, optical fibre sensors are evaluated in the optical domain by analysing the amplitude or spectrum of either the transmitted or the reflected light. A novel approach is to feed a radio frequency-modulated laser into the optical sensor and carry out a full electrical analysis of the resulting radio frequency (RF) signal, which is changed by the sensor's characteristics. This method will be investigated in this paper for fibre Bragg grating-based and chirped fibre Bragg grating-based sensors in reflection and transmission configuration. Their applicability for this new evaluation scheme will be discussed. Subsequent studies may cover additional types of sensors and the testing of the novel evaluation method within an application-related scenario, including packaging.

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9

Kyselak, Martin, Jiri Vavra, Karel Slavicek, David Grenar, and Lucie Hudcova. "Long Distance Military Fiber-Optic Polarization Sensor Improved by an Optical Amplifier." Electronics 12, no. 7 (April 6, 2023): 1740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12071740.

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The ever-increasing demands for the use of fiber-optic sensors powered by long optical fibers is forcing developers to solve problems associated with powering these remote sensors. Due to their non-electric character, these sensors are suitable for many uses, including military applications. The Army of the Czech Republic is very interested in this type of optical fiber sensor as it fulfils the significant prerequisites for use in military areas. However, the army’s requirements are challenging because they require long supply cables in which there is significant attenuation of optical power. At the same time, there is a need for high sensitivity. The subject of our research team’s work was to use amplifiers to power these sensors. The army already uses this type of sensor for short distances as it cannot ignite a gas mixture with an explosive concentration and thus meet the strict requirements of the explosion-poof standard. The novelty of our research lies in the discovered measurement technique that allows the sensors to be powered remotely and in the saving of optical fibers by utilizing duplex communication with a circulator. Furthermore, the research presents an innovative approach to the optimization of the entire sensor by using a bidirectional, sensory, polarization-maintaining optical fiber. The proposed sensor was first verified in laboratory conditions at the Optoelectronics Laboratory of the University of Defense in Brno, and further tests were carried out in the military training areas of Boletice and Březina in the Czech Republic, which is a member of North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

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10

Khryapov, Vladimir T. "Optical sensors." Optical Engineering 31, no. 4 (1992): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.56113.

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11

Wolfbeis, Otto S., and Hermann E. Posch. "Optical sensors." Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 332, no. 3 (January 1988): 255–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00492971.

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12

Harnett, Cindy. "Making Soft Optical Sensors More Wearable." MRS Advances 5, no. 18-19 (2020): 1017–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.64.

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ABSTRACTThis paper discusses new components and approaches to make stretchable optical fiber sensors better meet the power and washability requirements of wearables. First, an all-polymer quick connector allows the light source and photosensor to be quickly detached for washing. Second, the paper investigates the possibility of driving the sensors using ambient light instead of an onboard light source. While optical strain sensors and touch sensors have advantages over electronic ones in wet environments, and the intrinsic stretchability of the fibers is useful for soft robotics and highly conformal wearables, the typical light-emitting diode (LED) light source consumes more power than an electronic resistive or capacitive strain sensor. In this work, ambient light of uniform but unknown intensity is demonstrated to drive an elastomeric optical touch sensor in a differential configuration.

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13

Zheng, Yani, Gaurav Dhiman, Ashutosh Sharma, Amit Sharma, and Mohd Asif Shah. "An IoT-Based Water Level Detection System Enabling Fuzzy Logic Control and Optical Fiber Sensor." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (August 27, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4229013.

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The usage of wireless sensors has become widespread for the collection of data for various Internet of Things (IoT) products. Specific wireless sensors use optical fiber technology as transmission media and lightwave signals as carriers, showing the advantages of antielectromagnetic interference, high sensitivity, and strong reliability. Hence, their application in IoT systems becomes a research hotspot. In this article, multiple optical fiber sensors are constructed as an IoT detection system, and a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/Internet Protocol (IP) communication stack is used for the sensor module. Furthermore, design of gateway module, data server, and monitoring module is established in order to run the data server in the Windows system and communicate across the network segments. Furthermore, the optical fiber sensor is connected to the development board with WiFi, meanwhile considering the optical fiber wireless network’s congestion problem. The fuzzy logic concept is introduced from the perspective of cache occupancy, and a fiber sensor’s network congestion control algorithm is proposed. In the experiment, the IoT detection system with multiple optical fiber sensors is used for water level detection, and the sensor’s real-time data detected by the User Interface (UI) are consistent with the feedback results. The proposed method is also compared with the SenTCP algorithm and the CODA algorithm, and it was observed that the proposed network congestion control algorithm based on the fuzzy logic can improve network throughput and reduce the network data packet loss.

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14

Petrović, Davor, and Željko Barač. "Different Sensor Systems for the Application of Variable Rate Technology in Permanent Crops." Tehnički glasnik 12, no. 3 (September 25, 2018): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20180213125928.

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The paper presents a review of different sensory systems for trees’ characterization and detection in permanent crops and the detection of plant health status in crop conditions for the purpose of applying the variable application rate. The use of new technologies enables the use of variable inputs in production with the aim of increasing the economic profit and reducing the negative impact on the environment. World trends increasingly emphasize the use of various sensor systems to achieve precision agriculture and apply the following: ultrasonic sensors for the detection of permanent crops; LIDAR (optical) sensors for treetop detection and characterization; infrared sensors with similar characteristics of optical sensors, but with very low cost prices and N - sensors for variable nitric fertilization. The daily development of sensor systems applied in agricultural production improves the performance and quality of the machines they are installed on. With a more intensive use of sensors in agricultural mechanization, their price becomes more acceptable for widespread use by achieving high quality work with respect to the ecological principles of sustainable production.

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15

Al-Ashwal, Nagi H., Khaled A. M. Al Soufy, Mohga E. Hamza, and Mohamed A. Swillam. "Deep Learning for Optical Sensor Applications: A Review." Sensors 23, no. 14 (July 18, 2023): 6486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23146486.

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Over the past decade, deep learning (DL) has been applied in a large number of optical sensors applications. DL algorithms can improve the accuracy and reduce the noise level in optical sensors. Optical sensors are considered as a promising technology for modern intelligent sensing platforms. These sensors are widely used in process monitoring, quality prediction, pollution, defence, security, and many other applications. However, they suffer major challenges such as the large generated datasets and low processing speeds for these data, including the high cost of these sensors. These challenges can be mitigated by integrating DL systems with optical sensor technologies. This paper presents recent studies integrating DL algorithms with optical sensor applications. This paper also highlights several directions for DL algorithms that promise a considerable impact on use for optical sensor applications. Moreover, this study provides new directions for the future development of related research.

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16

Rai, Vineet Kumar. "Temperature sensors and optical sensors." Applied Physics B 88, no. 2 (July 2007): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00340-007-2717-4.

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17

Lee, Hyun-Woo, Dae-Hyun Kim, and Sangwoo Shin. "Low-Cost Angle Sensor for Robotics Applications Using Plastic Optical Fiber Based on Optical Loss Mechanism." Biomimetics 8, no. 8 (November 25, 2023): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8080567.

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Robotic systems and the human body consist of numerous joint structures, all of which require precise angle adjustments. At present, encoder, strain gauge, and electrical resistance-based sensors are commonly used for angle measurement. However, these sensors have limitations when used in underwater or in environments with strong electromagnetic waves. Therefore, we have developed an angle sensor based on step-index profile plastic optical fiber (SI-POF), which is cost-effective and highly durable, in this study in order to overcome the limitations of existing angle measurement sensors. To this end, the amount of light loss according to the gab and angle changes that occur when the POF angle sensor is applied to the robot arm was experimentally measured, and based on the results, a simulation of the amount of light loss when the two losses occurred at the same time was conducted. In addition, the performance of the POF angle sensor was evaluated by measuring sensitivity and resolution, and comparative verification with a commonly used encoder was conducted to verify the reliability of sensors in extreme environments, such as those with electromagnetic fields and those that are underwater. Through this, the reliability and practicality of the POF angle sensor were confirmed. The results obtained in this study suggest that POF-based angle sensors can contribute to the development of the biomimetic robot industry as well as ordinary robots, especially in environments where existing sensors are difficult to apply, such as areas with underwater or electromagnetic interference (EMI).

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18

Okura, Ichiro. "Overview of optical sensors using porphyrins." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 06, no. 04 (April 2002): 268–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424602000300.

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To meet recent requirement of sensors, new optical sensor technology by molecules of functional chemical compounds as nano-scale sensor probes is developing. In this overview, the background and the concept of optical sensor technology are briefly introduced and a new optical sensing system by triplet-triplet absorption is discussed as an example.

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19

Murayama, Hideaki, Kazuro Kageyama, Isamu Ohsawa, Makoto Kanai, Kiyhoshi Uzawa, and Tsuyoshi Matsuo. "Development of Smart Composite Panel with Optical Fiber Sensors." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.659.

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We have developed a novel fiber-optic vibration sensors and applied commercially available strain and temperature sensors to health monitoring of composite structures. In this study, we constructed an optical fiber network integrating four types of optical fiber sensor into a carbon reinforced plastic (CFRP) panel. These four sensors were the vibration sensor developed by our laboratory, two distributed sensors based on Brillouin and Raman backscattering and Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors. By dealing the data obtained from the measurement systems corresponding to these four sensors, strain/stress and temperature distributions throughout the panel can be monitored. Vibration and elastic waves transmitting on the panel are also detected at several sensing points. Furthermore, we will be able to determine damage locations and modes by processing the wave signals. To make the panel with the optical fiber sensor network more sensitive and smarter, we are developing some techniques that can improve the performance of the sensors and can assess the structural integrity by analyzing measurement results. In this paper, the development of the first generation of our smart composite panel with the optical fiber sensors is described and the techniques making the panel more sensitive and smarter are also described.

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20

Ando, Masanori, Hideya Kawasaki, Satoru Tamura, Yoshikazu Haramoto, and Yasushi Shigeri. "Recent Advances in Gas Sensing Technology Using Non-Oxide II-VI Semiconductors CdS, CdSe, and CdTe." Chemosensors 10, no. 11 (November 15, 2022): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10110482.

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In recent years, there has been an increasing need and demand for gas sensors to detect hazardous gases in the atmosphere, as they are indispensable for environmental monitoring. Typical hazardous gas sensors that have been widely put to practical use include conductometric gas sensors, such as semiconductor gas sensors that use the change in electrical resistance of metal oxide semiconductors, catalytic combustion gas sensors, and electrochemical gas sensors. However, there is a growing demand for gas sensors that perform better and more safely, while also being smaller, lighter, less energy-demanding, and less costly. Therefore, new gas sensor materials are being explored, as well as optical gas sensor technology that expresses gas detection not electrically but optically. Cadmium sulfide (CdS), cadmium selenide (CdSe), and cadmium telluride (CdTe) are typical group II-VI non-oxide semiconductors that have been used as, for example, electronic materials. Recently, they have attracted attention as new gas sensor materials. In this article, recent advances in conductometric and optical gas sensing technologies using CdS, CdSe, and CdTe are reviewed.

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21

Kochanowicz, Marcin, and Jakub Markiewicz. "Application of optical reflectometer for monitoring corrosion process." Photonics Letters of Poland 14, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v14i2.1144.

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In this work, a corrosion sensor based on an optical time domain reflectometer was presented. The first sensor with a bare tip was used to measure the corrosion process of silica glass fiber. Another sensor with a deposited silver layer was used for monitoring the corrosion process in nitric acid. In both cases, reflectance at the end of the fiber was decreasing with immersion time. Thus we can describe the corrosion stage by the level of fresnel reflectance. The maximum sensitivities of the analyzed sensors were as follows: 0.7dB/min (3% HF solution) 0.15dB/h (5%HNO3 solution) Results showed that the corrosion process in all cases wasn’t fully linear, and all reactions began almost instantly after immersing sensors in tested corrosive environments. Full Text: PDF ReferencesC. Elosua, F.J. Arregui et al., "Micro and Nanostructured Materials for the Development of Optical Fibre Sensors", Sensors, 17, 2312 (2017). CrossRef B.H. Lee, Y.H. Kim et al., "Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensors", Sensors, 12, 2467 (2012). CrossRef X. Wang, O.S. Wolfbeis, "Fiber-Optic Chemical Sensors and Biosensors" (2013-2015), Analytical Chemistry, 88, 203 (2016). CrossRef M.A. Butler, "Fiber Optic Sensor for Hydrogen Concentrations near the Explosive Limit", J. Electrochem. Soc., 138, 46 (1991). CrossRef M.A. Butler, "Optical Fiber hydrogen sensor", Appl. Phys. Lett. 45, 1007 (1984). CrossRef S.F. Silva, L. Coelho et al., "A Reviev of Palladium-Based Fiber-Optic Sensors for Molecular Hydrogen Detection", IEEE Sens. J., 12, 93 (2012). CrossRef C. Floridia, F.C. Salgado et al., "Methane leak detection and spectral analysis by using only optical time domain reflectrometry in semidistributed remote optical sensors", IEEE Sens., 2016. CrossRef J.F. Martins-Filho, E. Fontana et al., Fiber-optic-based Corrosion Sensor using OTDR, IEEE SENSORS 2007 Conference (2007). CrossRef E.A. Lima, A.C. Bruno, "Improving the detection of Flaws in Steel Pipes Using SQUID Planar Gradiometers", IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 11, 1299 (2001). CrossRef J. Yin, J. Pineda de Gyvez et al., "Real-Time Full Signature Corrosion Detection of Underground Casing Pipes", IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (1996). CrossRef H. Park, D. Kim et al., "HF etched glass substrated for improved thin-film solar cells", Heliyon, 4, 10, (2018). CrossRef M. Mozammel, "Kinetics of Silver Dissolution in Nitric Acid from Ag-Au0:04-Cu0:10 and Ag-Cu0:23 Scraps", J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 22, 696 (2006). DirectLink

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22

Fischer, Jakob, Timo Schuster, Christian Wächter, Michael Luber, Juri Vinogradov, Olaf Ziemann, and Rainer Engelbrecht. "Isolated sensor networks for high-voltage environments using a single polymer optical fiber and LEDs for remote powering as well as data transmission." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 7, no. 1 (March 27, 2018): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-7-193-2018.

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Abstract. Many applications in high voltage or explosive environments require sensors which are electrically isolated from other components of a system. These sensors need remote powering as well as wireless or isolated data transmission links. A possible solution can be based on optically powered optical sensor links. These typically employ four different photonic components: for the data communication a fast LED as a transmitter and a photo diode as a receiver, furthermore for sensor powering a high-power light source and a photonic power converter. Additionally, two optical fibers are required for optical remote powering and the optical data link. In this paper we demonstrate an optically powered optical sensor link using only low-cost high-brightness LEDs and a single polymer optical fiber (POF) for all of these tasks. Coupling efficiencies, power transmission and modulation bandwidths are analyzed for LEDs with different colors. Potentials for many mW of electrical remote powering and Mbit s−1 sensor data links are demonstrated over 10 m of POF. This approach can be used for almost any electronic sensor with moderate power requirements.

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23

Di Patrizio Stanchieri, Guido Di Patrizio, Moustafa Saleh, Andrea De De Marcellis, Ali Ibrahim, Marco Faccio, Maurizio Valle, and Elia Palange. "FPGA-Based Tactile Sensory Platform with Optical Fiber Data Link for Feedback Systems in Prosthetics." Electronics 12, no. 3 (January 27, 2023): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12030627.

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In this paper, we propose and validate a tactile sensory feedback system for prosthetic applications based on an optical communication link. The optical link features a low power and wide transmission bandwidth, which makes the feedback system suitable for a large number and variety of tactile sensors. The low-power transmission is derived from the employed UWB-based optical modulation technique. A system prototype, consisting of digital transmitter and receiver boards and acquisition circuits to interface 32 piezoelectric sensors, was implemented and experimentally tested. The system functionality was demonstrated by processing and transmitting data from the piezoelectric sensor at a 100 Mbps data rate through the optical link, measuring a communication energy consumption of 50 pJ/bit. The reported experimental results validate the functionality of the proposed sensory feedback system and demonstrate its real-time operation capabilities.

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24

Xu, Cheng, and Zahra Sharif Khodaei. "A Novel Fabry-Pérot Optical Sensor for Guided Wave Signal Acquisition." Sensors 20, no. 6 (March 19, 2020): 1728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20061728.

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In this paper, a novel hybrid damage detection system is proposed, which utilizes piezoelectric actuators for guided wave excitation and a new fibre optic (FO) sensor based on Fabry-Perot (FP) and Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG). By replacing the FBG sensors with FBG-based FP sensors in the hybrid damage detection system, a higher strain resolution is achieved, which results in higher damage sensitivity and higher reliability in diagnosis. To develop the novel sensor, optimum parameters such as reflectivity, a wavelength spectrum, and a sensor length were chosen carefully through an analytical model of the sensor, which has been validated with experiments. The sensitivity of the new FBG-based FP sensors was compared to FBG sensors to emphasize the superiority of the new sensors in measuring micro-strains. Lastly, the new FBG-based FP sensor was utilized for recording guided waves in a hybrid setup and compared to the conventional FBG hybrid sensor network to demonstrate their improved performance for a structural health monitoring (SHM) application.

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25

Caroleo, Fabrizio, Gabriele Magna, Mario Luigi Naitana, Lorena Di Zazzo, Roberto Martini, Francesco Pizzoli, Mounika Muduganti, et al. "Advances in Optical Sensors for Persistent Organic Pollutant Environmental Monitoring." Sensors 22, no. 7 (March 30, 2022): 2649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072649.

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Optical chemical sensors are widely applied in many fields of modern analytical practice, due to their simplicity in preparation and signal acquisition, low costs, and fast response time. Moreover, the construction of most modern optical sensors requires neither wire connections with the detector nor sophisticated and energy-consuming hardware, enabling wireless sensor development for a fast, in-field and online analysis. In this review, the last five years of progress (from 2017 to 2021) in the field of optical chemical sensors development for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is provided. The operating mechanisms, the transduction principles and the types of sensing materials employed in single selective optical sensors and in multisensory systems are reviewed. The selected examples of optical sensors applications are reported to demonstrate the benefits and drawbacks of optical chemical sensor use for POPs assessment.

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26

Chen, Yongzhang, Yiwen Zheng, Haibing Xiao, Dezhi Liang, Yufeng Zhang, Yongqin Yu, Chenlin Du, and Shuangchen Ruan. "Optical Fiber Probe Microcantilever Sensor Based on Fabry–Perot Interferometer." Sensors 22, no. 15 (August 1, 2022): 5748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155748.

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Optical fiber Fabry–Perot sensors have long been the focus of researchers in sensing applications because of their unique advantages, including highly effective, simple light path, low cost, compact size, and easy fabrication. Microcantilever-based devices have been extensively explored in chemical and biological fields while the interrogation methods are still a challenge. The optical fiber probe microcantilever sensor is constructed with a microcantilever beam on an optical fiber, which opens the door for highly sensitive, as well as convenient readout. In this review, we summarize a wide variety of optical fiber probe microcantilever sensors based on Fabry–Perot interferometer. The operation principle of the optical fiber probe microcantilever sensor is introduced. The fabrication methods, materials, and sensing applications of an optical fiber probe microcantilever sensor with different structures are discussed in detail. The performances of different kinds of fiber probe microcantilever sensors are compared. We also prospect the possible development direction of optical fiber microcantilever sensors.

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27

Raj, Rajnish, Pooja Lohia, and D. K. Dwivedi. "Optical Fibre Sensors for Photonic Applications." Sensor Letters 17, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 792–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2019.4152.

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Recent development in optical fiber and numerous advantages of light over electronic system have boosted the utility and demand for optical fibre sensor in modern era. Optical fibre sensor is used to measure the various parameters like temperature, pressure, vibration, rotation etc. Optical fibre sensor offers a wide spectrum of advantage over traditional sensing system in terms of longer lifetime and small in size. Optical fibre has been considered as not only the substitutes of conventional sensors but also the unique solutions in the field of scientific engineering and industrial research. This paper reports the status of optical fibre sensor and its application in detail.

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Lopez Aldaba, Aitor, Diego Lopez-Torres, Miguel Campo-Bescós, José López, David Yerro, César Elosua, Francisco Arregui, et al. "Comparison between Capacitive and Microstructured Optical Fiber Soil Moisture Sensors." Applied Sciences 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2018): 1499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8091499.

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Soil moisture content has always been an important parameter to control because it is a deterministic factor for site-specific irrigation, seeding, transplanting, and compaction detection. In this work, a discrete sensor that is based on a SnO2–FP (Fabry-Pérot) cavity is presented and characterized in real soil conditions. As far as authors know, it is the first time that a microstructured optical fiber is used for real soil moisture measurements. Its performance is compared with a commercial capacitive soil moisture sensor in two different soil scenarios for two weeks. The optical sensor shows a great agreement with capacitive sensor’s response and gravimetric measurements, as well as a fast and reversible response; moreover, the interrogation technique allows for several sensors to be potentially multiplexed, which offers the possibility of local measurements instead of volumetric: it constitutes a great tool for real soil moisture monitoring.

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Guzowski, Bartlomiej, and Mateusz Łakomski. "Temperature Sensor Based on Periodically Tapered Optical Fibers." Sensors 21, no. 24 (December 14, 2021): 8358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248358.

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In this paper, the fabrication and characterization of a temperature sensor based on periodically tapered optical fibers (PTOF) are presented. The relation between the geometry of the sensors and sensing ability was investigated in order to find the relatively simple structure of a sensor. Four types of PTOF structures with two, four, six and eight waists were manufactured with the fusion splicer. For each PTOF type, the theoretical free spectral range (FSR) was calculated and compared with measurements. The experiments were conducted for a temperature range of 20–70 °C. The results proved that the number of the tapered regions in PTOF is crucial, because some of the investigated structures did not exhibit the temperature response. The interference occurring inside the structures with two and four waists was found be too weak and, therefore, the transmission dip was hardly visible. We proved that sensors with a low number of tapered regions cannot be considered as a temperature sensor. Sufficiently more valuable results were obtained for the last two types of PTOF, where the sensor’s sensitivity was equal to 0.07 dB/°C with an excellent linear fitting (R2 > 0.99). The transmission dip shift can be described by a linear function (R2 > 0.97) with a slope α > 0.39 nm/°C.

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Mohamad, Mazuina, and Hadi Manap. "An Overview of Optical Fibre Sensors for Medical Applications." International Journal of Engineering Technology and Sciences 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijets.1.2014.1.3.1003.

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Optical techniques developed for sensing purposes proved to be completely realized in many application fields, ranging from aerospace, industry, process control and medical. The capabilities of these sensors are generally enhanced when a bulk optical fibre technology. There is a growing need for a real time and low cost technology because of the expense and time constraints associated with modern laboratory analysis. This us certainly due the growing interest in aptoelectronics, but also the very satisfactory performance and reliability that optical fibre sensor are now able to provide. This paper focuses on the advantages that optical fibre sensos offer to the biomedical field, recalls the basic working principles of sensing and discusses some example.

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Jiao, Tong, Chuhong Pu, Wenjing Xing, Tao Lv, Yuan Li, Huaping Wang, and Jianping He. "Characterization of Engineering-Suitable Optical Fiber Sensors Packaged with Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymers." Symmetry 14, no. 5 (May 10, 2022): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14050973.

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Glass fiber-reinforced polymer- (GFRP-) packaged optical fiber (OF) sensors are considered a promising engineering-suitable sensor for structural health monitoring. To date, some critical characteristics of the GFRP-packaged OF (GFRP-OF) sensors have not yet been thoroughly studied. This study aimed to systematically characterize the properties of the GFRP-OF sensors. Firstly, we proposed a dimension optimization method for GFRP-OF sensors by strain transfer theory, which is based on a symmetrical three-layered cylindrical model. Then, we experimentally investigated the properties of the GFRP-packaged fiber Bragg grating sensor and GFRP-packaged distributed optical fiber sensor, including their mechanical properties, strain/temperature sensing performance, fatigue resistance, and corrosion resistance. The experimental results showed that the shear bearing capacity of GFRP-OF sensors was more than 120 times larger than that of the other three coated OF sensors, indicating that GFRP dramatically enhanced the robustness of the OF sensor. The GFRP–OF sensors also feature excellent strain and temperature sensing performance with high linearity and repeatability. The results also demonstrated that the GFRP–OF sensors have good fatigue properties with absolute fluctuations of strain sensitivity coefficients throughout the fatigue cycles within 0.02 pm/με; repeatability error did not exceed 0.5%, and nonlinear errors were less than 2%. A case study presented in the last section also illustrates the effectiveness of the GFRP-OF sensor in a field application.

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Jobert, Gabriel, Pierre Barritault, Maryse Fournier, Cyrielle Monpeurt, Salim Boutami, Cécile Jamois, Pietro Bernasconi, Andrea Lovera, Daniele Braga, and Christian Seassal. "Miniature Optical Particle Counter and Analyzer Involving a Fluidic-Optronic CMOS Chip Coupled with a Millimeter-Sized Glass Optical System." Sensors 21, no. 9 (May 3, 2021): 3181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21093181.

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Our latest advances in the field of miniaturized optical PM sensors are presented. This sensor combines a hybrid fluidic-optronic CMOS (holed retina) that is able to record a specific irradiance pattern scattered by an illuminated particle (scattering signature), while enabling the circulation of particles toward the sensing area. The holed retina is optically coupled with a monolithic, millimeter-sized, refracto-reflective optical system. The latter notably performs an optical pre-processing of signatures, with a very wide field of view of scattering angles. This improves the sensitivity of the sensors, and simplifies image processing. We report the precise design methodology for such a sensor, as well as its fabrication and characterization using calibrated polystyrene beads. Finally, we discuss its ability to characterize particles and its potential for further miniaturization and integration.

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Villemin, Elise, and Olivier Raccurt. "Optical lithium sensors." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 435 (May 2021): 213801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213801.

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TAMURA, T. "Fiber Optical Sensors." JAPANES JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION 68, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4286/ikakikaigaku.68.8_341.

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Siyal, Arihant. "Optical Distance Sensors." Acta Mechanica Slovaca 25, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21496/ams.2021.034.

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36

Aizawa, Masuo. "Optical Chemical Sensors." Materia Japan 34, no. 11 (1995): 1233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.34.1233.

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37

Fernando, G. F., D. J. Webb, and Pierre Ferdinand. "Optical-Fiber Sensors." MRS Bulletin 27, no. 5 (May 2002): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2002.120.

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AbstractThe primary aim of this issue of MRS Bulletin is to present an overview of the deployment of optical-fiber sensors in a selected range of applications. The topics covered include a general introduction to optical fibers; a review of the sensing mechanisms that are available to monitor strain, temperature, pressure, chemical species, damage, and acoustic emission; and the use of optical-fiber sensors in medical applications. This introductory article presents a brief discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of optical-fiber sensors.

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HOTATE, Kazuo. "Optical Fiber Sensors." Review of Laser Engineering 41, no. 5 (2013): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2184/lsj.41.5_307.

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Simarjeet Singh Saini, Aneesh Sridhar, and Kulbir Ahluwalia. "Smartphone Optical Sensors." Optics and Photonics News 30, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opn.30.2.000034.

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Hotate, Kazuo. "Optical Fiber Sensors." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 95, no. 889 (1992): 1064–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.95.889_1064.

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Pitt, G. D., P. Extance, R. C. Neat, D. N. Batchelder, R. E. Jones, J. A. Barnett, and R. H. Pratt. "Optical-fibre sensors." IETE Technical Review 3, no. 8 (August 1986): 379–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02564602.1986.11438006.

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McDonagh, Colette, Conor S. Burke, and Brian D. MacCraith. "Optical Chemical Sensors." Chemical Reviews 108, no. 2 (February 2008): 400–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr068102g.

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Weigl, Bernhard H., and Otto S. Wolfbeis. "Capillary Optical Sensors." Analytical Chemistry 66, no. 20 (October 15, 1994): 3323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00092a007.

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Augousti, A. "Optical fibre sensors." Optics & Laser Technology 23, no. 1 (February 1991): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-3992(91)90048-s.

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Kyuma, Kazuo. "Optical neuro-sensors." Optics & Laser Technology 25, no. 5 (January 1993): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-3992(93)90039-i.

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Orellana, Guillermo. "Luminescent optical sensors." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 379, no. 3 (June 1, 2004): 344–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-004-2581-6.

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Watts, Sam. "Optical microchip sensors." Nature Photonics 4, no. 7 (July 2010): 433–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2010.150.

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Walt, David R., Venetka Agayn, Karen Bronk, and Steven Barnard. "Fluorescent optical sensors." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 41, no. 1-2 (April 1993): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02918538.

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Singh, Vivek, Juejun Hu, Anuradha M. Agarwal, and Lionel C. Kimerling. "Integrated Optical Sensors." IEEE Photonics Journal 4, no. 2 (April 2012): 638–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2012.2192721.

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Pitt, G. D., P. Extance, R. C. Neat, D. N. Batchelder, R. E. Jones, J. A. Barnett, and R. H. Pratt. "Optical-fibre sensors." IEE Proceedings J Optoelectronics 132, no. 4 (1985): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-j.1985.0047.

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