Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Optically active polymer'

The isothermal crystallization kinetics, spherulite morphology, and thermal behavior of the melt-crystallized optically active R and S polyenantiomers, their blends, and the stereoblock form of poly(epichlorohydrin) (PECH) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPrO) have been investigated using polarized light microscopy (PLOM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The novel optically pure polyenantiomers of PECH were synthesized from the optically active monomers using a triethylaluminum$ cdot$water (1:0.6) catalyst, which was also used in the polymerization of the racemic monomer to an isotactic crystalline stereoblock fraction. The optically pure polyenantiomers and the stereoblock form of PPrO were obtained by the quantitative dechlorination reaction of the corresponding PECH polymers, using LiAlH$ sb4$, with retention of configuration of the main chain chiral centers.
The spherulite radial growth rates of the melt-crystallized PECH equimolar polyenantiomer blend are depressed relative to those of either optically pure components over the range of crystallization temperatures from the glass transition temperature ($T sb{ rm g} = -26 sp circ$C) to the equilibrium melting temperature ($T sb{ rm m} sp circ = 138 sp circ$C), which were determined to be the same for all of the PECH polymers. A further marked reduction in growth rates is recorded for the stereoblock polymer. Conversion of the PECH polyenantiomers to PPrO results in an overall order of magnitude increase in the spherulite radial growth rates. The growth rates of the PPrO stereoblock are only slightly depressed relative to those of either optically pure polyenantiomer over the range of crystallization temperatures from $T sb{ rm g}({-}65 sp circ$C) to $T sb{ rm m} sp circ(82 sp circ$C), which were determined to be the same for all of the PPrO polymers. An analysis of the linear spherulite radial growth rates of the PECH polymers in terms of the Hoffman-Lauritzen treatment gives evidence of a rougher lamellar fold surface in the stereoblock polymer than in the polyenantiomers, but suggests similar surface free energies among the polyenantiomers and stereoblock form of PPrO.
The multiple melting behavior exhibited by the different forms of PECH is greatly dependent on DSC heating rate and isothermal crystallization time, for samples crystallized at low temperatures and high temperatures, respectively. The behavior is demonstrated to be due to reorganization during the DSC heating scan in the former case, and linked to the process of secondary crystallization in the latter.
The optically pure polyenantiomers, their equimolar blend, and the stereoblock form of PPrO exhibit regularly banded spherulites, observed using PLOM. In contrast, only the optically active polyenantiomers of PECH form banded spherulites, whereas the equimolar polyenantiomer blend and the stereoblock display nonbanded, coarser spherulites. The birefringent extinction banding pattern of the PECH optically pure polyenantiomer spherulites corresponds directly to the surface topography mapped by AFM: Regularly alternating concentric ridges and valleys indicate the edges and the fold surfaces, respectively, of the radiating helicoidal lamellae. The direction or "sense" of an apparent surface spiral pattern of a banded spherulite is directly dependent on the chiral sense of the constituent polyenantiomer. It is suggested that the effects of the backbone chirality are being transmitted to the level of the gross spherulite morphology.
On the basis of the observed differences in crystallization kinetics and spherulite morphology among the well characterized PECH polymers, a mechanism of stereospecific segregation at the growth front is proposed.

Synthese et polymerisation de diethoxy-1,1 epoxy-2,3 et diethoxy-1,1 epithio-2,3 propane racemiques en vue de preparer des polyethers et polythioethers ayant des fonctions aldehydes dans la chocine laterale

Oligomerisation anionique du methacrylate de methyle. Modification des fonctions ester en fonctions plus reactions (alcool, chloroformiate, acide). Greffage d'aminoacides dont une seule fonction est libre pour eviter leur oligocondensation. Caracterisations des produits obtenus par rmn**(13)c, **(1)h et ir. Utilisation de ces produits pour la synthese de polyamides et de polyurethannes optiquement actifs

In the last year [1], Angiolini and co-workers have synthesized and investigated methacrylic polymers bearing in the side chain the chiral cyclic (S)-3-hydroxypyrrolidine moiety interposed between the main chain and the trans-azoaromatic chromophore, substituted or not in the 4’ position by an electron-withdrawing group. In these materials, the presence of a rigid chiral moiety of one prevailing absolute configuration favours the establishment of a chiral conformation of one prevailing helical handedness, at least within chain segments of the macromolecules, which can be observed by circular dichroism (CD). The simultaneous presence of the azoaromatic and chiral functionalities allows the polymers to display both the properties typical of dissymmetric systems (optical activity, exciton splitting of dichroic absorptions), as well as the features typical of photochromic materials (photorefractivity, photoresponsiveness, NLO properties). The first part of this research was to synthesize analogue homopolymers and copolymers based on bisazoaromatic moiety and compare their properties to those of the above mentioned analogue derivatives bearing only one azoaromatic chromophore in the side chain. We focused also the attention on the effects induced on the thermal and chiroptical behaviours by the insertion of particulars achiral comonomers characterized by different side-chain mobility and grown hindrance (MMA, tert-BMA and TrMA). On the other hand carbazole containing polymers [2] have attracted much attention because of their unique features. The use of these materials in advanced micro- and nanotechnologies spreads in many different applications such as photoconductive and photorefractive polymers, electroluminescent devices, programmable optical interconnections, data storage, chemical photoreceptors, NLO, surface relief gratings, blue emitting materials and holographic memory. The second part of the work was focused on the synthesis and the characterization polymeric derivatives bearing in the side chain carbazole or phenylcarbazole moieties linked to the (S)- 2-hydroxy succinimide or the (S)-3-hydroxy pyrrolidinyl ring as chiral groups covalently linked to the main chain through ester bonds. The last objective of this research was to design, synthesize, and characterize multifunctional methacrylic homopolymers and copolymers bearing three distinct functional groups (i.e. azoaromatic, carbazole and chiral group of one single configuration) directly linked in the side chain. This polymeric derivatives could be of potential interest for several advanced application fields, such as optical storage, waveguides, chiroptical switches, chemical photoreceptors, NLO, surface relief gratings, photoconductive materials, etc.

This thesis describes the application of optically active helical polymers to chiral stationary phases for high performance liquid chromatography. The use of porous graphitic carbon as a support for these phases is examined and its implication for the nature of the separation. In the first case 3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate (CDMPC) was studied. This work continued the study by Grieb and Matlin. The use of porous graphitic carbon as a support for this polymer was examined. PGC is produced by Hypersil under the name Hypercarb. It is a porous carbon phase with virtually no surface functionalities. It was confirmed that a 25% w/w loading ofCDMPC produced using a batch coating method produced the optimum phase. The nature of the cellulose used to synthesise the CDMPC was also studied by gel permeation chromatography. It was found that Avicel cellulose (Merck) gave the best results. CDMPC has certain characteristics which make it an effective phase, these are; a) a-helical secondary structure and b) optical activity within the monomer unit. We decided to examine other polymers which possess these characteristics, in particular poly-L-Ieucine. It is believed that this polymer has an a-helical secondary structure and in its synthesis L-leucine is used as a single pure isomer. This polymer has been shown to be effective as an asymmetric organic catalyst. Poly-L-Ieucine was synthesised using condensation polymerisation with three methods of initiation using both L-Ieucine and N-carboxy anhydride L-Ieucine as monomers. N-carboxy anhydride L-Ieucine was initiated by ethylenediamine in solution and water via a humidity cabinet. L-Ieucine was polymerised using triphenyl phosphite, lithium chloride and N-methyl pyrrolidine. Poly-L-Ieucine containing a maximum of fifteen residues was synthesised using solid phase peptide synthesis techniques. These polymers were examined using MALDI-TOF and ESI mass spectrometry. The polymers synthesised from N-carboxy anhydride L-Ieucine were examined using viscometry. Comparing these results it was considered that the molecular weight of the water-initiated polymer was greater. This polymer was further modified by continuous extraction to remove lower molecular weight fragments. All of these polymers were coated onto the surface of PGC by evaporation. It was shown that a 20% w/w loading level was optimum for this type of phase. The optimum phase was found to be made from the water initiated polymer after continuous extraction. This phase was shown to be capable of the resolution ofa variety of racemic epoxides.

Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第14642号
工博第3110号
新制||工||1463(附属図書館)
26994
UT51-2009-D354
京都大学大学院工学研究科高分子化学専攻
(主査)教授 中條 善樹, 教授 木村 俊作, 准教授 三田 文雄
学位規則第4条第1項該当

La synthèse de dérivés de l'oxazoline de Meyers à partir du (1S, 2S)-2-amino-1-phénylpropan-1,3-diol, a permis de préparer des phases stationnaires chirales pour évaluer le potentiel de ces hétérocycles en chromatographie énantiosélective. L'accès à des systèmes séparatifs, dont les performances ont été jugées satisfaisantes (séparation de dérivés d'aminoacides et d'amines aromatiques), a été effectué par introduction du motif chiral dans une chaîne polysiloxane ou par greffage sur silice. La mise au point de voies d'accès-sélectives à des oxazolines fonctionnelles chiales, isomères des précédentes, et à des fonctions amides dérivées d'amino ou cyano-oxazolines, a permis de disposer de plusieurs structures chirales dans cette série. Une étude, réalisée sur le greffage d'oxazolines fonctionnelles par des méthodes classiques (silanisation), nous a fourni des silices greffées à différents taux (de 0,36 a 1,06 mmol/g). D'autre part, le greffage d'une oxazoline chirale par un lien silicium-carbone a conduit à une phase stationnaire énantiosélective

Thesis(Ph.D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2010
Title from PDF (viewed on 2010-04-12) Department of Physics Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references and appendices Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center

Detailed studies are presented of thin films containing a polycation, a nonlinear optically (NLO) active chromophore, and a synthetic hectorite that self-assemble into the noncentrosymmetric structure required for second order nonlinear optical responses. UV/Vis spectroscopy and ellipsometry were used as probes to monitor film growth for upto 25 deposition cycles. Exceptionally homogeneous films were obtained with regular film growth for up to the 25 cycles deposited. ISAM films self-assemble from polyelectrolyte solutions due to coulombic interactions between a charged substrate and the charged polymer in solution. Charges accumulating at the surface restrict further growth due to charge overcompensation at the surface. The entire process occurs relatively quickly as compared to other competing assembly techniques such as Langmuir-Blodgett assembly and covalent self-assembly. Previous studies indicated that second harmonic signal diminishes after the deposition of the first few bilayers. This is potentially due to adjacent layer interpenetration, which becomes prominent moving further away from the hard substrate interface. Laponite RD, a synthetic hectorite was introduced in the films in an effort to minimize interpenetration of adjacent bilayers and hence maintain chromophore orientation in every bilayer of the ISAM film. The film was deposited in quadlayers that have the following sequence: Polycationâ Laponiteâ Polycationâ Chromophore. This study is unique in its approach as it investigates the possible implications of film interpenetration on the NLO-activity of ISAM films that can be easily fabricated. It also shows the effects of different interfaces on the NLO-activities of the films. We have investigated the effect of changing the polycation from poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and the solution pH to see how these variables affect the growth and NLO properties of ISAM films. At lower pH values (specify relevant range of values), for both polycations, intrachain and interchain repulsion is strong due to little electrostatic screening. This results in polycation deposition in relatively thin, train-like layers. At higher pH levels (specify relevant range of values here) the electrostatic screening is greater due to a higher effective ionic strength. At these conditions, intrachain and interchain repulsion is reduced and so the polymers adsorb to form thicker layers with more loops and tails than for the case at lower pH. This also results in a higher density of the chromophore in the film. Extremely smooth surfaces of Laponite RD in film were obtained as confirmed by AFM imaging on glass. Regular quadlayer growth monitored by UV/Vis spectroscopy and ellipsometry was observed for up to 25 quadlayers. Second harmonic generation (SHG) signal was not conclusively affected by the presence of laponite as the decrease of signal was seen after the first few layers in the laponite containing films. This decrease was however was not as sharp in the films containing laponite as in the films that did not contain laponite. It was also noted that the SHG was not so much affected by the number of layers deposited but more so by the distance of the chromophore layer from the hard glass interface. This study thus brings to light the very important effect of the glass interface on the NLO-activity of these films.
Master of Science

Nous avons développé une technologie nouvelle et interdisciplinaire pour créer des systèmes optiques à base de métamatériaux extrêmement légers, limités par la diffraction, avec une qualité optique exceptionnelle et un coût et un temps de production spectaculairement inférieurs : Live-Mirror. La nouveauté est de remplacer les miroirs optiques rigides et lourds classiques par des systèmes optoélectroniques dynamiques « vivants » et légers constitués d'une fine feuille de verre optique activement soutenue par plusieurs actionneurs / capteurs de force intégrés et miniaturisés via la fabrication additive et l'impression 3D. Nos fonctionnalités révolutionnaires Live-Mirror et le contrôle actif de la forme avec des actionneurs de force à plusieurs degrés de liberté obtenus en développant une technologie additive basée sur l'impression 3D pour appliquer un système optimisé de polymère électroactif (EAP) à un sandwich de surfaces de verre minces, ainsi créant un nouveau métamatériau hybride avec des propriétés de rapport rigidité / densité supérieures. Cette thèse décrit le développement d'actionneurs souples à base d'EAP modifiés / dopés, ici appelés terpolymère P (VDF-TrFE-CFE). Nous montrerons que cette nouvelle matrice de terpolymère personnalisée Live-Mirror présente une propriété de couplage électromécanique exceptionnelle, en particulier lorsqu'elle est dopée avec un plastifiant, par ex. phtalate de diisononyle (DINP). Ici, nous démontrons qu'en optimisant la conception multicouche structurée, le couplage électromécanique du terpolymère modifié peut être amélioré, offrant une permittivité diélectrique élevée, un module d'Young faible et une rigidité diélectrique exceptionnelle. Cela conduit à une réponse de déformation importante ainsi qu'à une densité d'énergie mécanique élevée sous des champs électriques relativement faibles selon le phénomène d'électrostriction - l'objectif principal des spécifications de haut niveau de Live-Mirror. En plus d'une matrice de terpolymère personnalisée, le concept de multicouches empilées est démontré comme une technique simple et efficace pour augmenter les capacités d'actionnement. Plusieurs résultats expérimentaux de preuve de concept imprimés en 3D (en laboratoire), qui sont en bon accord avec les modèles numériques, valident les performances de l'actionneur avec une grande réponse électromécanique. Cette technologie montre la faisabilité d'un contrôle actif de la forme de la surface optique et montre le contrôle et la correction de la forme optique Live-Mirror avec seulement quelques degrés de liberté. Une telle application d'actionneur novatrice et avancée via une technologie de fabrication additive est compatible avec les télescopes d'astronomie et de communication basés au sol et dans l'espace ainsi que de nombreux appareils électroniques modernes
We have developed new and interdisciplinary technology for creating extremely lightweight, diffraction-limited, meta-material-based optical systems with exceptional optical quality and spectacularly lower cost and production time: Live-Mirror. The novelty is to replace classical rigid and heavy optical mirrors with “live” and light dynamic optoelectronic systems consisting of a thin optical glass sheet actively supported by multiple force-actuators/sensors integrated and miniaturized via additive manufacturing and 3D printing. Our breakthrough Live-Mirror features and active shape control with many-degrees-of-freedom force actuators achieved by developing an additive 3D-printing-based technology to apply an optimized electroactive polymer (EAP) systems to a sandwich of thin glass surfaces, thus creating a novel hybrid meta-material with superior stiffness-to-density ratio properties. This thesis describes the development of soft actuators based on modified/doped EAPs, here dubbed terpolymer P(VDF-TrFE-CFE). We will show that this new and Live-Mirror customized terpolymer matrix features an outstanding electromechanical coupling property, particularly when doped with a plasticizer, e.g. diisononyl phthalate (DINP). Here we demonstrate that by optimizing the structured multilayer design, the electromechanical coupling of the modified terpolymer can be enhanced, yielding high dielectric permittivity, low Young modulus, and exceptional dielectric strength. This leads to a large strain response as well as high mechanical energy density under relatively low electric fields according to the electrostriction phenomenon – the main goal of the high-level specifications of Live-Mirror. In addition to a customized terpolymer matrix, the concept of stacked multilayers is demonstrated as a simple and effective technique to boost actuation abilities. Several 3D-printed, proof-of-concept (in the lab) experimental results, which are in good agreement with numerical models, validate the actuator performance with a large electromechanical response. This technology shows feasibility for active optical surface shape control and demonstrates the Live-Mirror optical shape control and correction with only a few degrees-of-freedoms. Such a novel and advanced actuator application via additive manufacturing technology are compliant for ground- and space-based astronomy and communications telescopes as well as many modern electronic devices

Etude de monomeres liquides ou solides sous l'action des plasmas froids. Influence des parametres du plasma sur la vitesse de polymerisation et la structure chimique de la surface du polymere. Aux interfaces entre le plasma et le polymere, se produisent des reactions qui ont pour origine deux transferts d'energie du plasma. Le transfert indirect, attribue aux rayonnements uv-visible, provoque la polymerisation des acrylates. Le transfert direct, du au bombarbement par des especes metastables, radicaux, ions. . . Sur la surface du polymere, amorce des reactions de modification d'addition ou de terminaison

Dans ce travail, nous nous sommes concentrés sur la création de nanostructures chirales optiquement actives en fabriquant des nanohélices de silice fluorescente afin d’obtenir des matériaux souple, nanométriques, optiquement actifs pour des applications en tant que matériaux nanophotoniques. Dans cette optique, des nanohélices de silice chirales ont été utilisées pour greffer et organiser des nanocristaux inorganiques fluorescents achiraux tels que des quantums dots, des chromophores, des molécules et des polymères fluorescents selon différentes approches. Ces hélices inorganiques ont été formées par procédé sol-gel en utilisant des auto-assemblages hélicoïdaux organiques de molécules amphiphiles (amphiphile gemini cationique, avec un contre-ion chiral le tartrate) en tant que modèles. Tout d'abord, la surface de la silice hélicoïdale a été fonctionnalisée par l’APTES afin de greffer des quantum dots inorganiques ZnS-AgInS2 possédant divers ligands. Dans la deuxième partie, le polymère de dérivé anthracénique fluorescent a été organisé par dépôt et adsorption à la surface de silice hélicoïdale. Afin d’étudier les propriétés chiroptiques, différentes caractérisations ont été réalisées telle que la spectroscopie du dichroïsme circulaire (CD) et celle de la luminescence circulairement polarisée (CPL).Le premier chapitre présente l’étude bibliographique sur différents systèmes d’auto-assemblage organiques chiraux et leurs propriétés chiroptiques. Les études sur la formation de systèmes auto-assemblés chiraux dans différentes conditions, leur morphologie structurale, les techniques de fabrication et leurs applications sont discutées suivies de l'utilisation de nanocristaux fluorescents, à savoir, les quantums dots (QD) et les polymères fluorescents achiraux sur lesquels les propriétés chiroptiques peuvent être obtenues et leurs applications dans les nanodispositifs optiques, les capteurs et la nano-photonique.Dans la première partie du deuxième chapitre, différentes techniques de caractérisation telles que le microscope électronique en transmission (TEM), le microscope électronique en transmission haute résolution (HRTEM), la microscopie confocale, la spectroscopie UV-Vis, celle de la fluorescence, du dichroïsme circulaire (CD) et de la luminescence circulairement polarisée (CPL) sont décrites. Dans la deuxième partie, la synthèse du gemini 16-2-16 ainsi que son mécanisme d'auto-assemblage, et sa transformation en réplica de silice par l'intermédiaire de la chimie sol-gel sont décrits. Ces nanohélices de silice sont fonctionnalisées par le 3-aminopropyltriéthoxysilane (APTES). Leur analyse est effectuée par analyse thermogravimétrique (TGA) et analyse élémentaire (EA).Dans le troisième chapitre, nous nous sommes concentrés sur la synthèse de QDs inorganiques ((ZnS)x-1(AgInS2)x) avec différentes compositions rapport molaire et leurs caractérisations par TEM, TGA, EA, spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier (FTIR), mesures de potentiel zêta, spectroscopie d'absorption et d'émission. Quatre types de ligands ont été utilisés, par échange de ligand, pour recouvrir les QDs : sulfure d'ammonium (AS), acide 3-mercaptopropionique (MPA), l-cystéine (L-Cys) et l'oleylamine (OLA). Ces QDs sont greffés à la surface des hélices de silice modifiée par de l’amine suite à des interactions ioniques. Diverses techniques ont été utilisées pour confirmer leur greffage à la surface des hélices de silice, et les propriétés optiques ont été étudiées par spectroscopie d'absorption et d'émission. Après le greffage, différents résultats ont été observés selon le ligand utilisé : la caractérisation par TEM montre que les QDs sont greffés à la surface des hélices de silice. [...]
In this work, we focused on the creation of optically active chiral nanostructures by fabricating fluorescent silica nanohelices in order to obtain optically active nanoscale soft materials for applications as nanophotonics materials. For this purpose, silica chiral nanohelices were used for grafting and organizing achiral fluorescent inorganic nanocrystals, dyes, molecules, and fluorescent polymers through different approaches. These inorganic helices were formed via sol-gel method using organic helical self–assemblies of surfactant molecules (achiral and cationic gemini surfactant, with chiral counterion, tartrate) as templates. First, the surface of helical silica was functionalized by APTES in order to graft inorganic quantum dots ZnS-AgInS2 with different capping ligands. In the second part, fluorescent anthracene derivative polymer was organized via deposition and absorption on the surface of helical silica. To investigate the chiroptical properties, circular dichroism and circularly polarised luminescence characterization were performed.In the first chapter, the bibliographic study on different chiral organic self-assembling systems and their chiroptical properties are shown. The studies on the formation of chiral self-assembled systems in different conditions, structural morphology, fabrication techniques and their applications are discussed followed by the use of fluorescent nanocrystals, i.e., quantum dots (QDs) and achiral fluorescent polymers on which chiroptical properties can be obtained and their applications in optical nanodevices, sensors, and nano-photonics.In the first part of the second chapter, different characterisation techniques such as transmission electron microscope (TEM) , high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), and confocal microscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopies, as well as circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarised luminescence (CPL) spectroscopies are described. In the second part, the synthesis of Gemini 16-2-16 as well as their self-assemblies mechanism, and their transformation to silica replica via sol-gel chemistry are described. These silica nanohelices are functionalized by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). Their analysis is performed by Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and elementary analysis (EA).In the third Chapter, we focused on the synthesis of inorganic ((ZnS)x-1(AgInS2)x) QDs with different compositions molar ratio and its characterizations by TEM, TGA, EA, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential measurements, absorption, and emission spectroscopy. Four types of ligands were used to cap the QDs via phase ligand exchange as follows: ammonium sulphide (AS), 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), l-cysteine (L-Cys) and the fourth one is oleylamine (OLA). These QDs are grafted on the surface of amine-modified silica helices through ionic interaction. Various techniques were used to show the grafting of QDs on the surface of silica helix, and their optical properties were studied using absorption and emission spectroscopy. After grafting, in each case of ligands, different results were observed as follows: The TEM characterization shows that QDs are grafted on the surface of silica helices. In the case of AS-capped QDs, the helical morphology of silica helices after grafting is destroyed; therefore the further ananlysis was not possible. While, in the cases of QDs with three other ligands MPA, OLA and L-cys, dense and homogeneous grafting of the QDs were observed by TEM and the helical morphology was preserved after their grafting. The HRTEM images were taken on the MPA-QDs@silica helices and energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis was performed in STEM mode, confirming the QDs elements present on the silica surfaces. [...]

L'objectif de cette thèse est de fabriquer différents dispositifs optiques basés sur la structuration des cristaux liquides. Nous avons tout d'abord présenté différentes méthodes pour aligner les molécules de cristaux liquides et détaillé celles que nous avons utilisées au cours de ce travail. L'alignement et certaines propriétés physiques des cristaux liquides ont permis de fabriquer des dispositifs optiques. Ces dispositifs se divisent généralement en trois catégories : les filtres optiques, les modulateurs spatiaux et les guides d'ondes optiques. Ils sont présents dans divers secteurs et particulièrement dans le domaine des télécommunications. La structure des cristaux liquides cholestériques a une biréfringence périodique qui donne lieu à une réflexion sélective de la polarisation circulaire de la lumière. Nous avons tiré profit de cette propriété en fabricant un miroir de Bragg commutable. Ce miroir nous a permis de fabriquer un filtre de Fabry-Pérot commutable et accordable. Un réseau de polymère a été utilisé pour stabiliser le cristal liquide cholestérique, afin d'apporter résistance mécanique et durabilité aux champs électriques. Les cristaux liquides ferroélectriques présentent des propriétés électro-optiques efficaces, en particulier un temps de réponse élevé. Cette propriété a été exploitée pour fabriquer des obturateurs optiques pour lunettes 3D actives basées sur des cristaux liquides ferroélectriques. Malgré un temps de réponse élevé, les cristaux liquides ferroélectriques présentent certains défauts structurels. Nous avons proposé une nouvelle technique pour pallier ces défauts. Enfin, nous avons fabriqué des guides d'ondes gravés dans le polymère à cristaux liquides. Nous avons fabriqué ce polymère à cristaux liquides de manière à obtenir deux phases de cristal liquide différentes : isotrope et anisotrope, sur le même substrat. Le substrat a ensuite été gravé afin de créer un séparateur de polarisation séparant le mode TE et TM dans les deux branches du guide.