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Journal articles on the topic 'Optics – Testing – Mathematical models'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Wac-Wlodarczyk, A., R. Goleman, D. Czerwinski, and T. Gizewski. "Mathematical models applied in inductive non-destructive testing." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 320, no. 20 (2008): e1044-e1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.04.179.

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Stojek, Jerzy, and Rafał Dańko. "Model Testing of Flow Phenomena in the Squeeze Chamber of a Cold-Chamber Diecasting Machine." Solid State Phenomena 177 (July 2011): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.177.151.

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A review of the studies carried out on this subject so far was made, and the available mathematical models applicable at Phase I of the diecasing process were presented. Own model testing of the examined process phase was described. The tests were conducted on a laboratory station designed and constructed to serve this purpose. Basing on the obtained results, the fundamental Garber's model was modified and extended further to include the coefficient of liquid metal viscosity.

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Peng, Dong Lin, Ji Sen Yang, Xi Hou Chen, and Zi Ran Chen. "The Principle and Structure of Novel High-Precision Linear Time Grating Displacement Sensors." Applied Mechanics and Materials 236-237 (November 2012): 1216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.236-237.1216.

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The existing grating type sensors such as optical grating sensor, have long been designed to rely on the precise mechanical space division technology, which is hard to develop without heavy investment. A theoretical concept, time-space coordinate transformation, was presented to realize measuring spatial displacement with time difference. Similar to the principle of circular time grating based on rotating electrical machine, linear time grating is designed based on the principle of linear motor, with which the physical and mathematical models of linear time grating are established. Based on these models linear time grating mechanical structure is designed, which has commercialization value. The resolution of linear time grating can achieve 0.1μm tested by National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology.

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Elkatatny, Salaheldin. "Real-Time Prediction of Rate of Penetration in S-Shape Well Profile Using Artificial Intelligence Models." Sensors 20, no. 12 (2020): 3506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123506.

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Rate of penetration (ROP) is defined as the amount of removed rock per unit area per unit time. It is affected by several factors which are inseparable. Current established models for determining the ROP include the basic mathematical and physics equations, as well as the use of empirical correlations. Given the complexity of the drilling process, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) has been a game changer because most of the unknown parameters can now be accounted for entirely at the modeling process. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the ability of the optimized adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), functional neural networks (FN), random forests (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) models to predict the ROP in real time from the drilling parameters in the S-shape well profile, for the first time, based on the drilling parameters of weight on bit (WOB), drillstring rotation (DSR), torque (T), pumping rate (GPM), and standpipe pressure (SPP). Data from two wells were used for training and testing (Well A and Well B with 4012 and 1717 data points, respectively), and one well for validation (Well C) with 2500 data points. Well A and Well B data were combined in the training-testing phase and were randomly divided into a 70:30 ratio for training/testing. The results showed that the ANFIS, FN, and RF models could effectively predict the ROP from the drilling parameters in the S-shape well profile, while the accuracy of the SVM model was very low. The ANFIS, FN, and RF models predicted the ROP for the training data with average absolute percentage errors (AAPEs) of 9.50%, 13.44%, and 3.25%, respectively. For the testing data, the ANFIS, FN, and RF models predicted the ROP with AAPEs of 9.57%, 11.20%, and 8.37%, respectively. The ANFIS, FN, and RF models overperformed the available empirical correlations for ROP prediction. The ANFIS model estimated the ROP for the validation data with an AAPE of 9.06%, whereas the FN model predicted the ROP with an AAPE of 10.48%, and the RF model predicted the ROP with an AAPE of 10.43%. The SVM model predicted the ROP for the validation data with a very high AAPE of 30.05% and all empirical correlations predicted the ROP with AAPEs greater than 25%.

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Zambon, Ivan, Anja Vidović, and Alfred Strauss. "Reliability of Existing Concrete Structures Determined with Physical Models - Carbonation Induced Corrosion." Solid State Phenomena 259 (May 2017): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.259.255.

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The main goal of transportation infrastructure management is to optimize the use of infrastructure in the most beneficiary way while respecting the predefined requirements. One of the crucial parts in management strategy is the prediction of behaviour of vital transportation elements. Used prediction models should accurately describe the process of degradation and allow forecasting of structural condition by considering environment, usage and maintenance actions. Deterioration models can be divided into mathematical (statistical), physical and empirical models. Statistical models are based on data that describe condition of structure, such as for example condition rating. Physical models describe damage-causing processes and empirical models are experience based. The focus of this paper is to present the physical model of carbonation in assessment of performance of existing reinforced concrete structures in transportation networks. Assessment is done through determining the probability of limit state of depassivation. In order to determine the carbonation without testing, a special attention has to be given to environmental and material parameter identification. Herein, the identification takes into account weather specifics and construction practice in Austria. Finally, the reliability of existing reinforced concrete structures for combination of different exposure classes and material characteristics is analysed. Based on the analysis of reliability, the carbonation nomogram for engineering use is presented, showing the reliability indices β for the service life of 50 years.

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Linkeová, Ivana, and Vít Zelený. "APPLICATION OF RULED SURFACES IN FREEFORM AND GEAR METROLOGY." Acta Polytechnica 61, SI (2021): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2021.61.0099.

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An application of two ruled surfaces (i.e., surfaces generated by a motion of a straight line), a surface of hyperbolic paraboloid and a tangent surface of a cylindrical helix in freeform and gear metrology is introduced in this paper. Both surfaces have been implemented as the main functional figures in several artefacts – metrological calibration standards intended for testing the freeform capabilities of various measuring technologies (e.g., tactile point-to-point measurement and tactile scanning on coordinate measuring machine, optical scanning, computer tomography). Geometrical and mathematical properties of the surface used are summarised, CAD models of all the developed standards are presented and photos of the manufactured standards are shown.

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Porciatti, Vittorio, and Tsung-Han Chou. "Modeling Retinal Ganglion Cell Dysfunction in Optic Neuropathies." Cells 10, no. 6 (2021): 1398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10061398.

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As in glaucoma and other optic neuropathies cellular dysfunction often precedes cell death, the assessment of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) function represents a key outcome measure for neuroprotective strategies aimed at targeting distressed but still viable cells. RGC dysfunction can be assessed with the pattern electroretinogram (PERG), a sensitive measure of electrical activity of RGCs that is recorded non-invasively in human subjects and mouse models. Here, we offer a conceptual framework based on an intuitive state-transition model used for disease management in patients to identify progressive, potentially reversible stages of RGC dysfunction leading to cell death in mouse models of glaucoma and other optic neuropathies. We provide mathematical equations to describe state-transitions with a set of modifiable parameters that alter the time course and severity of state-transitions, which can be used for hypothesis testing and fitting experimental PERG data. PERG dynamics as a function of physiological stimuli are also used to differentiate phenotypic and altered RGC response dynamics, to assess susceptibility to stressors and to assess reversible dysfunction upon pharmacological treatment.

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Kamrud, Alexander, Brett Borghetti, and Christine Schubert Kabban. "The Effects of Individual Differences, Non-Stationarity, and the Importance of Data Partitioning Decisions for Training and Testing of EEG Cross-Participant Models." Sensors 21, no. 9 (2021): 3225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21093225.

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EEG-based deep learning models have trended toward models that are designed to perform classification on any individual (cross-participant models). However, because EEG varies across participants due to non-stationarity and individual differences, certain guidelines must be followed for partitioning data into training, validation, and testing sets, in order for cross-participant models to avoid overestimation of model accuracy. Despite this necessity, the majority of EEG-based cross-participant models have not adopted such guidelines. Furthermore, some data repositories may unwittingly contribute to the problem by providing partitioned test and non-test datasets for reasons such as competition support. In this study, we demonstrate how improper dataset partitioning and the resulting improper training, validation, and testing of a cross-participant model leads to overestimated model accuracy. We demonstrate this mathematically, and empirically, using five publicly available datasets. To build the cross-participant models for these datasets, we replicate published results and demonstrate how the model accuracies are significantly reduced when proper EEG cross-participant model guidelines are followed. Our empirical results show that by not following these guidelines, error rates of cross-participant models can be underestimated between 35% and 3900%. This misrepresentation of model performance for the general population potentially slows scientific progress toward truly high-performing classification models.

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D’Emilia, Giulio, and Emanuela Natale. "Validation of Methods for the Optical Characterisation of the Wettability of Polymeric Films for Food Packaging." Journal of Industrial Engineering 2014 (October 23, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/623510.

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A methodology is described for the theoretical-experimental evaluation of the measurement uncertainty of the polar and dispersive components of the surface free energy (SFE) in polypropylene films; these parameters are related to the film wettability of adhesives and inks. The proposed method is based on the measurement by means of a vision system of the contact angles of liquid drops deposited on the film itself, which allows for obtaining, through mathematical models drawn from the literature, the physical quantities of interest. The effect of the principal influence parameters has been experimentally evaluated, and testing has allowed the defining of the technical procedures readily transferable in the industry. The uncertainty assessment is interesting not only to correctly evaluate experimental data but also to characterise the reproducibility of the effects of techniques for improving the wettability of films, such as surface treatments.

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Poghosyan, Arnak, Ashot Harutyunyan, Naira Grigoryan, et al. "An Enterprise Time Series Forecasting System for Cloud Applications Using Transfer Learning." Sensors 21, no. 5 (2021): 1590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051590.

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The main purpose of an application performance monitoring/management (APM) software is to ensure the highest availability, efficiency and security of applications. An APM software accomplishes the main goals through automation, measurements, analysis and diagnostics. Gartner specifies the three crucial capabilities of APM softwares. The first is an end-user experience monitoring for revealing the interactions of users with application and infrastructure components. The second is application discovery, diagnostics and tracing. The third key component is machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) powered data analytics for predictions, anomaly detection, event correlations and root cause analysis. Time series metrics, logs and traces are the three pillars of observability and the valuable source of information for IT operations. Accurate, scalable and robust time series forecasting and anomaly detection are the requested capabilities of the analytics. Approaches based on neural networks (NN) and deep learning gain an increasing popularity due to their flexibility and ability to tackle complex nonlinear problems. However, some of the disadvantages of NN-based models for distributed cloud applications mitigate expectations and require specific approaches. We demonstrate how NN-models, pretrained on a global time series database, can be applied to customer specific data using transfer learning. In general, NN-models adequately operate only on stationary time series. Application to nonstationary time series requires multilayer data processing including hypothesis testing for data categorization, category specific transformations into stationary data, forecasting and backward transformations. We present the mathematical background of this approach and discuss experimental results based on implementation for Wavefront by VMware (an APM software) while monitoring real customer cloud environments.

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Gurešić, Dejan, Nadežda Talijan, Vladan Ćosović, Dušan Milisavljević, Aleksandar Đorđević, and Milica Tomović. "Effect of chemical composition on microstructure, hardness and electrical conductivity profiles of the Bi-Cu-Ga alloys at 100 °C." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 22, no. 3 (2016): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30544/211.

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Theoretical calculation and experimental investigation of the isothermal section of a ternary Bi-Cu-Ga system at 100 oC are presented in this paper. Thermodynamic binary-based calculation of the isothermal section was performed using Pandat software. Experimental investigation included microstructural analysis carried out using light optical microscopy (LOM) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), phase composition analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brinell and Vickers hardness testing and electrical conductivity measurements. In total, thirty alloy samples with compositions along three vertical sections Bi-CuGa, Cu-BiGa and Ga-BiCu were studied. The obtained experimental results support the calculated phase regions of the isothermal section at 100 oC. Hardness of individual phases as well as hardness and electrical conductivity of the studied alloys were measured. Based on the experimentally obtained results iso-lines of Brinell hardness and electrical conductivity along the whole compositional range were calculated by using appropriate mathematical models.

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SELEZNEV, A. D., N. V. KUZNETSOVA, and V. A. EZERSKIY. "CEMENT BUILDING MATERIALS WITH POWDERED OPTICAL DISCS AS A FILLER." Building and reconstruction 91, no. 5 (2020): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7416-2020-91-5-125-132.

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The object of study is a cement composite material with powdered utilized optical discs. The objective is to establish the dependences of the main strength characteristics – compressive strength, bending strength, and density – on the amount of waste added into the mixture and the water-cement ratio. The compositions of the mixtures for the production of the cement composite material samples consisted of the following components: cement, sand, powdered waste in the form of utilized optical discs and water. Based on the results of testing the samples, mathematical models have been developed which describe the dependences of the physical and mechanical properties of the cement composite material samples on the fraction of waste and water-cement ratio. It was found that with an increase in the amount of powdered waste added into the mixture, it reduces the compressive strength, bending strength, and density of the samples under study, however, the optimization of the water-cement ratio makes it possible to obtain equal strength compositions with a different fraction of waste. Component compositions of cement composite material mixtures with the addition of powdered utilized optical discs in the amount of 10 to 25 % of the total filler mass, which can provide construction products with a compressive strength class B20, are presented.

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Ezerskiy, V., N. V. Kuznetsova, and A. D. Seleznev. "Cement Building Materials with Powdered Optical Discs as a Filler." Key Engineering Materials 887 (May 2021): 415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.887.415.

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The object of study is a cement composite material with powdered utilized optical discs. The objective is to establish the dependences of the main strength characteristics – com-pressive strength, bending strength, and density – on the amount of waste added into the mix-ture and the water-cement ratio.The compositions of the mixtures for the production of the cement composite material samples consisted of the following components: cement, sand, powdered waste in the form of utilized optical discs and water.Based on the results of testing the samples, mathematical models have been developed which describe the dependences of the physical and mechanical properties of the cement com-posite material samples on the fraction of waste and water-cement ratio. It was found that with an increase in the amount of powdered waste added into the mixture, it reduces the compressive strength, bending strength, and density of the samples under study, however, the optimization of the water-cement ratio makes it possible to obtain equal strength compositions with a differ-ent fraction of waste.Component compositions of cement composite material mixtures with the addition of powdered utilized optical discs in the amount of 10 to 25 % of the total filler mass, which can provide construction products with a compressive strength class B20, are presented.

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Lin, Chyi-Yeu, Anton Royanto Ahmad, and Getnet Ayele Kebede. "Novel Mechanically Fully Decoupled Six-Axis Force-Moment Sensor." Sensors 20, no. 2 (2020): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020395.

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In this study, a novel six-axis force/moment (F/M) sensor was developed. The sensor has a novel ring structure comprising a cross-beam elastic body with sliding and rotating mechanisms to achieve complete decoupling. The unique sliding and rotating mechanisms can reduce cross-talk effects caused by minimized structural interconnection. The forces Fx, Fy, and Fz and moments Mx, My, and Mz can be measured for the six-axis F/M sensors according to the elastic deformation of strain gauges attached to the cross beam. Herein, we provide detailed descriptions of the mathematical models, model idealizations, model creation, and the mechanical decoupling principle. The paper also presents a theoretical analysis of the strain based on Timoshenko beam theory and the subsequent validation of the analysis results through a comparison of the results with those obtained from a numerical analysis conducted using finite element analysis simulations. The sensor was subjected to experimental testing to obtain the maximum cross-talk errors along the following six axes under different loadings (the errors are presented in parentheses): Fx under SMy (2.12%), Fy under SMx (1.88%), Fz under SMz (2.02%), Mx under SFz (1.15%), My under SFx (1.80%), and Mz under SFx (2.63%). The proposed sensor demonstrated a considerably improved cross-talk error performance compared with existing force sensors.

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Matcko, Nataliia V., та Marina V. Gatsu. "Differential diagnosis algorithms of сentral serous chorioretinopathy and adult-onset vitelliform dystrophies". Ophthalmology journal 13, № 4 (2020): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ov60596.

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Purpose.To optimize the differential diagnosis of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) and of adult-onset vitelliform dystrophies (VD). Research objectives. On the multimodal diagnosis basis, to investigate signs characteristic for VD and chronic CSCR using mathematic modeling, to elaborate algorithms of their differential diagnosis in settings of differently equipped clinics. Materials and methods.61 patient (90 eyes) with long-term neuroepithelial detachments (NEDs) were included in the study. In all patients, the disease history was collected, including the family history; all patients underwent a standard ophthalmologic examination: visual acuity testing including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), biomicroophthalmoscopy, fundus photography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A), short-wavelength autofluorescence (SW-AF), fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). Patients were divided into two groups: with vitelliform dystrophies 30 patients (30 eyes), and with CSCR 31 patients (31 eyes). To estimate the probability of disease detection, binary logistic regression method was used. Results.Diagnostic predictors found in both groups were scrutinized; mathematical models for estimating the probability of disease detection were obtained. Differential diagnostics algorithms have been developed taking into account the resulting formulas for calculating the probability of disease detection, including criteria of different examination combinations: SD-OCT (area under ROC curve 0.946); BAF (area under ROC curve 0.955), SD-OCT and SW-AF (area under ROC curve 0.980); SW-AF, FA and ICGA (area under ROC curve 0.989). Conclusion.The obtained models make it possible to carry out differential diagnosis of vitelliform dystrophies and chronic CSCR in settings of differently equipped clinics.

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Clifton, R. J., and F. P. Chiang. "Experimental Mechanics." Applied Mechanics Reviews 38, no. 10 (1985): 1279–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3143691.

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Mechanical failure of machine parts, structures, and microelectronic components has a strong negative impact on the safety, security, and productivity of our people. Prevention of these failures is a principal focus of solid mechanics, which uses analysis, experiment, and computation to provide the understanding necessary for failure reduction through improved design, fabrication, and inspection. Experimental mechanics plays a critical role in this effort since it provides the data base for the calculations and the means for testing the validity of proposed theoretical models of failure. Current trends in experimental mechanics show increased use of optical methods for monitoring the displacements, velocities, and strains of surfaces. This trend has gained impetus from the attractiveness of noncontact methods for hostile environments and dynamically loaded bodies. Advances in laser technology have enhanced the instrumentation associated with these methods. Another trend is the investigation of material behavior under more complex loading conditions, made possible by the availability of servo-controlled testing machines with computer interfaces. Still another trend is the increased attention given to defects, such as inclusions, cracks, and holes, because of their importance in failure mechanisms. Opportunities for future contributions from experimental mechanics appear to be great and to occur across a broad range of technological problems. A central theme of future research appears to be increased emphasis on measurements at the micron and submicron scale in order to advance the understanding of material response and failure at the micromechanical level. Increased attention will also be given to internal measurements of defects, deformations and residual stresses because of their importance in developing a fundamental understanding of failure. Automated data reduction and control of experiments will greatly increase the information obtained from experiments and its usefulness for the development of mathematical models. Other important research directions include improved methods for measurements of in situ stresses in rocks, improved measurements of displacements and physiological parameters in biological systems, capability for long-term monitoring of the integrity of structures, and improved sensors for feedback control of mechanical systems.

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Novikov, Arthur, Michael Drapalyuk, Olga Dornyak, Vladimir Zelikov, and Vladan Ivetić. "The Effect of Motion Time of a Scots Pine Single Seed on Mobile Optoelectronic Grader Efficiency: A Mathematical Patterning." Inventions 4, no. 4 (2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions4040055.

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Research Highlights: Forest owners will be able to solve the problem of testing and selection of viable forest seeds on location and save financial, time, and material resources. The possibility of integrating non-destructive quality control and separation functions in a single portable apparatus is extremely promising. The speed of the contemporary optoelectronic grader is limited by the speed of the slowest component—the mechanical system. Background and Objectives: The technological process of forest seed establishment and design of optoelectronic graders is based on a priori mathematical modeling of structural characteristics, taking into account these criteria. Known models of industrial photoseparators are expensive and have a high energy and material consumption not applicable in the field. Laboratory seed analyzers are characterized by a long time exposure, and the overall size and level of climatic performance do not allow them to be used in the field. Consequently, for small amounts of seed treatment, it is necessary to orient the seeds one by one and ensure clear and rapid coordinated actions of optoelectronic and mechanical systems. The main goal of this research is to increase the efficiency of grading forest seeds by patterning the speed of the mobile device. We will answer the following questions. What are effective geometric parameters for the seed pipe? What factors affect the speed of a single seed’s movement? Materials and Methods: This study is based on mathematical modeling, taking into account the basic principles of mechanics, using MatLab software. Results: A mechanical model of a single Scots pine seed’s motion in different zones of the seed pipe is designed, taking into account air resistance. The effective height of the seed pipe, taking into account the response time of optoelectronic grader systems, is determined. Conclusions: The time and speed of single seed movement through grader systems depends on the seed pipe’s height and radius of curvature. Other things being equal, through the use of the same optical scheme with a microprocessor to solve various problems, the compactness of the photodetector scheme allows, if necessary, to upgrade the grader to solve research problems and for use in forestry.

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Qin, Feng, Ying Lin, and Diqiang Lu. "Hardware-in-the-loop simulation of high-speed maglev transportation five-segment propulsion system based on dSPACE." Transportation Systems and Technology 4, no. 2 (2018): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst20184262-72.

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Aim: For exploring and testing the key technology of high-speed maglev transportation propulsion control system, this paper designs and establishes a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) real-time simulation system of the high-speed maglev transportation five-segment propulsion system. Materials and methods of the studies: According to the route conditions and propulsion segment division of Shanghai maglev demonstration and operation line, the real-time simulation platform based on dSPACE multiprocessor systems is implemented. The simulation system can achieve the functional simulation of all the high-power related equipment in the 5-segment area, including 8 sets of high-power converter units, 2 sets of medium-power converter units, 2 sets of low-power converter units, five-segment trackside switch stations and long-stator linear synchronous motors. The mathematical models of linear motors and converters are built in MATLAB/Simulink and System Generator, after compiling, they can be downloaded and executed in Field Programmable Logic Array (FPGA). All the interfaces connecting the simulation system to the propulsion control system physical equipment use real physical components as in the field, such as analog I/O, digital I/O, optical signals and Profibus. Results: By using CPU+FPGA hardware configuration, the simulation steps are greatly shortened and the response speed and accuracy of real-time simulation system are improved. The simulation system can simulate multiple operating modes such as multi-segment, multi-vehicle, double-track, double-feeding, step-by-step stator section changeover, and so on. The simulation results show that the maximum speed of the simulation system can reach 500 km/h. Conclusion: This HIL system can provide detailed real-time on-line test and verification of high speed maglev propulsion control system.

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Purwanto, Burhan Eko, Icha Jusmalisa, Indah Permata Sari, Agus Jatmiko, and Andika Eko Pasetiyo. "Learning Models to Improved Mathematical Communication Skills." Desimal: Jurnal Matematika 3, no. 1 (2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/djm.v3i1.5650.

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The problem faced by students in slow learning is in terms of communication. The use of Auditory, Intellectually, Repetition (AIR) and Cooperative Think Pair Share (TPS) types is needed to help students communicate mathematically in expressing mathematical ideas. This study aims to determine whether or not there are differences in mathematical communication skills of students using the Auditory, Intellectually, Repetition (AIR) learning model with students who use Think Pair Share (TPS) Cooperative learning models. This research uses a quantitative approach using the Quasi Experiment method. The research design is in the form of posttest only, non-equivalent group design. Testing data using the T test with Independent Samples T-Test. Based on the results of hypothesis testing obtained p-value> α 0.05. So it was concluded that there were indications of differences between Auditory, Intellectually, Repetition (AIR) learning models with (TPS) Cooperative learning models and superior (AIR) learning models compared to Cooperative learning models of (TPS) Type in influencing students' mathematical communication skills.

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Feinberg, Alec. "Accelerated Reliability Growth Models." Journal of the IEST 37, no. 1 (1994): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.2.37.1.f2u73m8022207868.

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Extending reliability growth so that it can be applied in the area of accelerated testing will enable one to apply all the reliability growth tools and their planning advantages. This paper describes linking these two areas together into what is termed accelerated reliability growth testing (ARGT). Mathematical equations of ARGT for both iso-stress and step-stress accelerated testing are modelled.

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Figoń, Piotr. "Mathematical models of single-phase long lines." Bulletin of the Military University of Technology 68, no. 4 (2020): 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.9735.

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Most simulation packages provide long line models containing only two input terminals and two output terminals. These models allow testing transient states initiated by the occurrence of interference at the ends of the line. For this reason, it is not possible to study disorders occurring at any point of the electrical network. The article describes in detail the mathematical models of the long line, their implementation in the Matlab environment and exemplary results of computer simulations. Keywords: power line, state variables, differential scheme

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Peeters, Bart, Herman Van der Auweraer, and Patrick Guillaume. "Modal Survey Testing and Vibration Qualification Testing: The Integrated Approach." Journal of the IEST 46, no. 1 (2003): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.46.1.y542012501w0701q.

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In the assessment of the structural integrity and launch-environment survivability of satellite structures, dynamic mathematical models are used for load prediction. These analytical models are test-verified by a modal survey test. Once the vibration environment is specified, the satellite equipment is subjected to shaker excitation in order to reproduce this environment. This paper investigates the possibilities to integrate both the modal survey and the vibration qualification test.

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Vigneswaran, S., and Jing Song Chang. "Experimental testing of mathematical models describing the entire cycle of filtration." Water Research 23, no. 11 (1989): 1413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(89)90081-x.

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Tennant, Marc, and Estie Kruger. "A Mathematical Simulation Approach to Testing Innovative Models of Dental Education." Journal of Dental Education 74, no. 3 (2010): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.0022-0337.2010.74.3.tb04871.x.

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Repko, Alexandr, Milan Sága, Boris Sentyakov, and Vladislav Sviatskii. "Development and Testing of a Block Hydrocyclone." Processes 8, no. 12 (2020): 1577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8121577.

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The study aimed to theoretically substantiate the efficiency of liquid purification and obtain corroborating experimental data for a hydrocyclone, consisting of several blocks. Mathematical models of the process of hydrodynamic fluid filtration were developed with the use of screw swirlers. The obtained mathematical models characterize all the main processes of fluid movement in various zones of the functioning of the hydrocyclone. Formulas for calculating the structures of hydrocyclone blocks are included. A block for swirling the flow of the liquid to be cleaned has been made in the form of a three-way screw. For the first time, wear-resistant and high-strength plastic ZEDEX ZX-324 has been used as a material. An experimental study was conducted and the change in the Reynolds number and the coefficient of fluid consumption was shown, using different constructions of the three-way screw. The research results confirmed the correctness and sufficiency of mathematical models for the development and production of block hydrocyclones.

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Kraenkel, R. A., and M. Senthilvelan. "Mathematical Models of Generalized Diffusion." Physica Scripta 63, no. 5 (2001): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1238/physica.regular.063a00353.

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Chowdhury, M. R., and F. Y. Testik. "Laboratory testing of mathematical models for high-concentration fluid mud turbidity currents." Ocean Engineering 38, no. 1 (2011): 256–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2010.10.020.

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Sturniolo, Simone, William Waites, Tim Colbourn, David Manheim, and Jasmina Panovska-Griffiths. "Testing, tracing and isolation in compartmental models." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 3 (2021): e1008633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008633.

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Existing compartmental mathematical modelling methods for epidemics, such as SEIR models, cannot accurately represent effects of contact tracing. This makes them inappropriate for evaluating testing and contact tracing strategies to contain an outbreak. An alternative used in practice is the application of agent- or individual-based models (ABM). However ABMs are complex, less well-understood and much more computationally expensive. This paper presents a new method for accurately including the effects of Testing, contact-Tracing and Isolation (TTI) strategies in standard compartmental models. We derive our method using a careful probabilistic argument to show how contact tracing at the individual level is reflected in aggregate on the population level. We show that the resultant SEIR-TTI model accurately approximates the behaviour of a mechanistic agent-based model at far less computational cost. The computational efficiency is such that it can be easily and cheaply used for exploratory modelling to quantify the required levels of testing and tracing, alone and with other interventions, to assist adaptive planning for managing disease outbreaks.

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Olszak, Artur, Karol Osowski, Zbigniew Kęsy, and Andrzej Kęsy. "Modelling and testing of a hydrodynamic clutch filled with electrorheological fluid in varying degree." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 30, no. 4 (2019): 649–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18818780.

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The article concerns steady-state characteristics of a hydrodynamic clutch with electrorheological working fluid controlled by changes in strength of electric field and changes in the filling degree. The characteristics were obtained by experimenting, as well as calculations based on one-dimensional mathematical models. While creating the mathematical models, factors taken into consideration included differences between methods controlling the clutch, as well as various ways the working fluid flows in the clutch’s working space, depending on the relation of angular speed of rotors. The resultant mathematical models were verified with experimental research.

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Vikulov, A. G. "Mathematical simulation of heat transfer in spacecraft." Journal of «Almaz – Antey» Air and Space Defence Corporation, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.38013/2542-0542-2017-2-61-78.

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We implemented a systemic scientific approach to thermal vacuum development of spacecraft, which integrates the problems of thermal calculations, thermal vacuum tests and accuracy evaluation for mathematical models of heat transfer by means of solving identification problems. As a result, the following factors increase the efficiency of spacecraft ground testing: reducing the duration of thermal vacuum tests, making autonomous thermal vacuum testing of components possible, increasing the accuracy of thermal calculations

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Lima, Enzo Lenine. "Models, explanation, and the pitfalls of empirical testing." Estudos Internacionais: revista de relações internacionais da PUC Minas 6, no. 3 (2018): 82–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2317-773x.2018v6n3p82.

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Formal models constitute an essential part of contemporary political science and International Relations. Their recent history is tightly tied to the developments of Rational Choice Theory, which is considered to be the only deductive theory in the social sciences. This unique character, especially its manifestation through mathematical symbolisms, has caused profound schisms and criticisms in the discipline. Formal models have constantly been accused of being built on unrealistic assumptions of human behaviour and social structure, rendering as a result either trivial predictions or no empirical prediction at all. Nevertheless these criticisms frequently ignore essential elements of the concept of explanation and how it is applicable to formal modelling. In this paper, I provide an approach to mathematical modelling that considers the challenges of designing and performing empirical tests of predictions generated by formal models. Rather than disqualifying or falsifying models, empirical tests are paramount to the tailoring of more grounded explanations of political phenomena and should be seen as a tool to enhance modelling. In this sense, I scrutinise two examples of formal modelling in IR, and derive lessons for the empirical testing of models in the discipline. Os modelos formais constituem uma parte essencial da ciência política contemporânea e das Relações Internacionais. Sua história recente está fortemente ligada aos desenvolvimentos da teoria da escolha racional, que é considerada a única teoria dedutiva nas ciências sociais. Este caráter único, especialmente sua manifestação por meio de simbolismos matemáticos, causou profundas divisões e críticas na disciplina. Os modelos formais têm sido constantemente acusados de serem construídos com base em suposições irrealistas do comportamento humano e da estrutura social, resultando em previsões triviais ou nenhuma previsão empírica. No entanto, essas críticas frequentemente ignoram elementos essenciais do conceito de explicação e como o mesmo é aplicável à modelagem formal. Neste artigo, forneço uma abordagem à modelagem matemática que considera os desafios de conceber e executar testes empíricos de previsões geradas por modelos formais. Em vez de desqualificar ou falsificar modelos, os testes empíricos são fundamentais para a adaptação de explicações mais fundamentadas dos fenômenos políticos e devem ser vistos como uma ferramenta para aprimorar a modelagem. Nesse sentido, analiso dois exemplos de modelagem formal em RI e extraio lições para o teste empírico de modelos na disciplina.  Palavras-chave: modelos formais, teoria da escolha racional, teste empírico, explicação

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Hernández-Andrés, Javier, Javier Romero, Antonio García-Beltrán, and Juan L. Nieves. "Testing linear models on spectral daylight measurements." Applied Optics 37, no. 6 (1998): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.37.000971.

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Sherstyuk and Musayev. "Data Warehouses Application in the Automated Testing and Verification System for Mathematical Models." SPIIRAS Proceedings, no. 4 (March 17, 2014): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.15622/sp.4.11.

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Fişek, M. Hamit, and Zeynep Barlas. "Permutation tests for goodness-of-fit testing of mathematical models to experimental data." Social Science Research 42, no. 2 (2013): 482–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.09.010.

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Megehee, M. Maria, Ann N. Clarke, Kenton H. Oma, and David J. Wilson. "Soil Clean-Up by Surfactant Washing. IV. Modification and Testing of Mathematical Models." Separation Science and Technology 28, no. 17-18 (1993): 2507–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496399308017494.

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Nyman, Melvin A., Murray T. Brown, Michael Neushul, and Jonathan A. Keogh. "Macrocystis pyrifera in New Zealand: testing two mathematical models for whole plant growth." Journal of Applied Phycology 2, no. 3 (1990): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02179782.

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Wu, L. M., Nan Hui Lai, and G. T. Wang. "Measurement and Simulation of Automotive Eddy Current Retarder Based on Virtual Reality." Key Engineering Materials 392-394 (October 2008): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.392-394.93.

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Structure and working principles of eddy current retarder (ECR) are discussed, as well as performance requirements of real-time virtual testing and simulation. On the basis of hardware testing platform, virtual models of vehicle and retarder are embedded into application program. In the testing system, Vega API function library is used for second development to control the 3D models, and Visual C++ is used for mathematical models call from MATLAB to simulate the working condition. Integrated with virtual instrument and virtual environment, the limitation of former simulation is broken through. Monitoring and testing on eddy current retarder are achieved efficiently and visually. Besides, the virtual test data is not only compared with the practical vehicle test data to correct the technical parameter of eddy current retarder, but also compared with the simulation of mathematical models for further study. The testing system gives evaluation on the performance of the retarder in different vehicles, so it expands application range and heightens testing efficiency.

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Dupuy, Trent J., and Michael C. Liu. "Testing Models with Brown Dwarf Binaries." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, H15 (2009): 758–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921310011439.

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AbstractWe have been using Keck laser guide star adaptive optics to monitor the orbits of ultracool binaries, providing dynamical masses at lower luminosities and temperatures than previously available and enabling strong tests of theoretical models. (1) We find that model color–magnitude diagrams cannot reliably be used to infer masses as they do not accurately reproduce the colors of ultracool dwarfs of known mass. (2) Effective temperatures inferred from evolutionary model radii can be inconsistent with temperatures derived from fitting observed spectra with atmospheric models by at most 100–300 K. (3) For the single pair of field brown dwarfs with a precise mass (3%) and age determination (≈25%), the measured luminosities are ~2–3× higher than predicted by model cooling rates (masses inferred from Lbol and age are 20–30% larger than measured). Finally, as the sample of binaries with measured orbits grows, novel tests of brown dwarf formation theories are made possible (e.g., testing theoretical eccentricity distributions).

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Lee, M. Howard. "Testing Boltzmann's ergodic hypothesis with electron gas models." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 39, no. 17 (2006): 4651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/39/17/s52.

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Junevičius, Raimundas, and Marijonas Bogdevičius. "MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF NETWORK TRAFFIC FLOW." TRANSPORT 24, no. 4 (2009): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648-4142.2009.24.333-338.

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The article describes mathematical models of traffic flows to initiate different traffic flow processes. Separate elements of traffic flow models are made in a way to be connected together to get a single complex model. A model of straight road with different boundary conditions is presented as a separate part of the network traffic flow model. First testing is conducted in case the final point of the whole modelled traffic line is closed and no output from that point is possible. The second test is performed when a constant value of traffic flow speed and traffic flow rate is entered. Mathematical simulation is carried out and the obtained results are listed.

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Castro, Mario, and Rob J. de Boer. "Testing structural identifiability by a simple scaling method." PLOS Computational Biology 16, no. 11 (2020): e1008248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008248.

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Successful mathematical modeling of biological processes relies on the expertise of the modeler to capture the essential mechanisms in the process at hand and on the ability to extract useful information from empirical data. A model is said to be structurally unidentifiable, if different quantitative sets of parameters provide the same observable outcome. This is typical (but not exclusive) of partially observed problems in which only a few variables can be experimentally measured. Most of the available methods to test the structural identifiability of a model are either too complex mathematically for the general practitioner to be applied, or require involved calculations or numerical computation for complex non-linear models. In this work, we present a new analytical method to test structural identifiability of models based on ordinary differential equations, based on the invariance of the equations under the scaling transformation of its parameters. The method is based on rigorous mathematical results but it is easy and quick to apply, even to test the identifiability of sophisticated highly non-linear models. We illustrate our method by example and compare its performance with other existing methods in the literature.

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Andjelkovic, Vladimir, Zarko Lazarevic, and Velimir Nedovic. "Application of analogous models in civil engineering." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 9, no. 3 (2011): 395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace1103395a.

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The paper describes the results of making the mathematical and physical models of the authors, by using analogous methods and materials. There is the mathematical rock mass deformability model as a base for foundation engineering a concrete arch dam and the physical rock slope model which was tested by loading until failure and the results were compared with the calculation procedure. In the first example the correlation is established between the static and the analogous dynamic in situ investigations for creating the mathematical rock mass deformability model. In the second example there is application of the analogous materials for the discontinuity shearing simulation on the physical slope model. The results of the geotechnical in situ investigations and laboratory testing carried out in the Institute for Development of Water Resources "Jaroslav Cerni" in Belgrade were used for making the models.

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Abdallah, Wafaa, Jacqueline Saliba, Ziubir-Mehdi Sbartaï, Marwan Sadek, Fadi Hage Chehade, and S. Mohammed ElAchachi. "Reliability analysis of non-destructive testing models within a probabilistic approach." MATEC Web of Conferences 281 (2019): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928104003.

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The diagnosis of reinforced concrete is essential to detect the degradation and thus maintain the structural performance of civil engineering structures. This paper aims to establish a mathematical relationship between the ultrasonic pulse velocity UPV (considered as an observable variable) and two concrete properties indicators (compressive strength fc and water content W) within a probabilistic framework. Synthetic simulations are proposed to derive a conversion model between the statistical properties of the output and the input parameters for a reinforced concrete structure by taking into account spatial variability of concrete.

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Ballesteros, Angel, and Sergey Chumakov. "Nonlinear Models in Quantum Optics through Quantum Algebras." Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics 8, sup1 (2001): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/jnmp.2001.8.s.3.

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BALLESTEROS, Angel, and Sergey CHUMAKOV. "Nonlinear Models in Quantum Optics through Quantum Algebras." Journal of Non-linear Mathematical Physics 8, Supplement (2001): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/jnmp.2001.8.supplement.3.

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Blesa, Miguel Ángel. "Science in the Time of COVID-19." Science Reviews - from the end of the world 2, no. 2 (2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.52712/sciencereviews.v2i2.40.

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Controversy has arisen on the validity of mathematical models to describe the spread of the pandemic, on the testing procedures and the ways to achieve significant tracking of the spread of the virus, on the validity of various therapies, on the nature and performance of various vaccines, on social and political issues about lockdown policies, etc. In this issue we present just two papers, addressing the first issues in the above paragraph, mathematical models and testing strategies. They represent very thorough work that had clear application in the design of pandemic management in Argentina.

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Raya, Ahmad Kausar, Sofyan M. Soleh, and Heny Wulandari. "Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis : Dampak Model Pembelajaran Superitem Berbantuan Scaffholding." Desimal: Jurnal Matematika 1, no. 3 (2018): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/djm.v1i3.3107.

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This study aims to determine the effect of the use of the super-scaled model of scaffolding on students' mathematical problem solving abilities. The sampling technique used was cluster random sampling with 3 classes namely experimental class 1 (the class was treated with scaffolding assisted superememe learning model), experimental class 2 (superitem learning only) and control class (the conventional treatment class). Hypothesis testing used is anava 1 cell path is not the same. The results of the study found that there were differences in students' mathematical problem solving abilities by using learning models of scaffolding assisted supermarkets. Furthermore, the mathematical problem solving ability of students with the super-intensive learning model assisted by scaffholding is the same as the mathematical problem-solving ability of students using superemit learning models. The mathematical problem solving ability of students with superficial learning models assisted by scaffholding is better than the students' mathematical problem-solving abilities using conventional learning models. Furthermore, the mathematical problem solving ability of students with superemit learning models is the same as the mathematical problem solving ability of students using conventional learning models.

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Shalwan, A., S. Oraby, and A. Alaskari. "Mathematical Modelling of the Interfacial Adhesion of Date Palm/Epoxy." Journal of Materials Science Research 5, no. 3 (2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v5n3p29.

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<p class="1Body">In recent years, high interests has emerged to use natural fibres as alternative reinforcements synthetic due to its unique benefits regarding renewability, recyclability, degradability, lightweight, and low cost. Recent investigations revealed that the mechanical performance of fibre reinforced polymer composites (FRPCs) is predicated mainly on the interfacial adhesion of fibre with the matrices. In the current work, an empirical approach was exploited to develop mathematical models using linear regression routines available in SPSS IBM program. Such models are established to determine the functional interrelations between, each of the fibres diameters and the percentage of chemical treatment, as independent or response variables, and the interfacial bonding between the DPF and Epoxy resin. Both single fibre tensile testing (SFTT) and single fibre fragmentation testing (SFFT) are considered to study the interfacial adhesion of fibre with matrix and to reflect the real loading conditions. Such testing procedures are carried out for Date Palm Fibres (DPFs) and Date palm fibre reinforced Epoxy composites (DPFEs) with different fibre diameter (0.3-0.7 mm) under different NaOH concentrations (0-9 wt.%). Experimental testing results indicated that the optimum interfacial adhesion and strength of the fibre can be achieved with small fibre diameter when 6 wt. % NaOH concentrations is employed. The use of higher NaOH concentration generally leads to deterioration in the fibre strength. Developed models, on one hand, proved to have the capability to qualitatively and quantitatively grasp the true relationships and, on the other hand, to emphasize the high potential to utilize natural fibres as a replacement of synthetic fibres with affirmation taking into consideration the role of diameter size and chemical treatment of fibres to reach the optimum mechanical behaviour of NFRPCs.</p>

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Toet, Alexander. "Image dataset for testing search and detection models." Optical Engineering 40, no. 9 (2001): 1760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.1388608.

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Whitten, E. "A. B. Vistelius: First IAMG President and Visionary Mathematical Geologist." Earth Sciences History 23, no. 2 (2004): 384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.23.2.dq1n801h97644145.

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Personal reflections on the belief of A. B. Vistelius (1915-1995) in the pivotal importance of quantitative hypothesis testing and his pioneering development and mathematical testing of actual genetic geological models. His appeal to have this approach accepted as the primary focus of IAMG was ignored at the founding meeting of the Association in Prague during the Russian invasion of 1968. Subsequently, he always championed the use of forward problems in the earth sciences and concomitantly lacked enthusiasm for inventory-type and inverse problems.

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