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Journal articles on the topic 'Optimal bulk density'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

ZAFRIANA, LUSI. "DESAIN KEMASAN KARUNG YANG OPTIMAL UNTUK PENGEMAS BAHAN CURAH." Jurnal Teknik Industri 11, no. 2 (2012): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jtiumm.vol11.no2.101-104.

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Many bulk material like cement, salt, and other primer consumer goods product using of plastic bag package made from polipropilen. Because size of the packaging hardly depend on tidy material types, hence it’s required an optimization design of size plastic bag that matching with material type ( bulk density) and tidy product weight. Applied simple mathematics algorithm, where volume value karung will be converted to bulk material weight, hence optimization oflengthe and wide karung matching with bulk density material filled in in packaging will be able to be determined. Using trial error meth

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Csanády, Dániel, Olivér Fenyvesi, and Balázs Nagy. "Heat Transfer in Straw-Based Thermal Insulating Materials." Materials 14, no. 16 (2021): 4408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164408.

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An analytic-empirical model was developed to describe the heat transfer process in raw straw bulks based on laboratory experiments for calculating the thermal performance of straw-based walls and thermal insulations. During the tests, two different types of straw were investigated. The first was barley, which we used to compose our model and identify the influencing model parameters, and the second was wheat straw, which was used only for validation. Both straws were tested in their raw, natural bulks without any modification except drying. We tested the thermal conductivity of the materials i

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Oeba, Duke Ateyh, and Cliff Orori Mosiori. "Influence of Bulk Defect Density in CIGS on the Efficiency of Copper Indium Gallium Selenide Photocell." European Journal of Applied Physics 6, no. 6 (2024): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.6.292.

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In CIGS-based thin films, bulk defects are believed to represent disturbances in a regular, periodic arrangement within the atoms or the crystalline media, which influence sheet resistivity. In this study, resistivity measurements were carried out on CIGS thin films using the Van Der Pauw technique. Then, a comparison between two Van Der Pauw four-point measurement configurations (aligned and square) was made, which showed that the square configuration was the most appropriate configuration that can be recommended to measure the thin film sheet resistance of CIGS films. Finally, a numerical si

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Orori, Mosiori, Cliff. "Influence of Bulk Defect Density on the Efficiency of CIGS Based Photovoltaic Cell/Solar Cell." Journal of Basic and Applied Research International 29, no. 6 (2023): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/jobari/2023/v29i68577.

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In CIGS-based thin-films, bulk defects are believed to represent disturbances either in a regular, periodical arrangement within the atoms or within the crystalline media which influence sheet resistivity. In this study, first a resistivity measurements were carried out on CIGS thin films using the Van Der Pauw technique. Then, a comparison between two Van Der Pauw four-point measurement configurations (aligned and square) were done which showed that the square configuration was the most appropriate configuration that can be recommended to measure thin film sheet resistance of CIGS films. Fina

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Soni, K., V. Jain, and N. Lakshmi. "First-principles calculations of electronic and optical properties in the bulk and on the (001) surface of CsPbCl₃." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2070, no. 1 (2021): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012014.

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Abstract We perform density functional theory using first-principles calculations in order to investigate the band structure, density of states, the real and imaginary part of dielectric function, refractive index and optical absorption of CsPbCl3 in the bulk and (001) surface structure. Energy bands exhibits wide and direct bandgap. When CsPbCl3 is extended to (001) surface a decrease of band gap is observed with increasing thickness. The optical constants observed exhibits optimal properties in the ultraviolet and visible range indicating its usefulness in photonic, optoelectronic, photovolt

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Zhou, Xiaomeng, Shutian Xuanyuan, Yang Ye, et al. "Predicting Bulk Density for Agglomerated Raspberry Ketone via Integrating Morphological and Size Metrics Using Artificial Neural Networks." Processes 12, no. 5 (2024): 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12050902.

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The bulk density of the particles, which is directly related to transportation and storage costs, is an important basic characteristic of products as well as an important parameter in many processing systems. This work quantified the relationship between the tapped bulk density of raspberry ketone with different degrees of agglomeration and morphological metrics (particle shape descriptors and roughness descriptors) and size metrics (size descriptors) and developed an artificial neural network (ANN) prediction model for the tapped bulk density of raspberry ketone. Samples prepared under differ

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Curry, Blue, Andrea Ludwig, and Michael Essington. "Effects of Rock Covering on Underlying Engineered Media in Bioretention Practices in Middle Tennessee, USA." Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education 179, no. 1 (2024): 2–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-704x.2024.3398.x.

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AbstractBioretention practices have become a common way to protect natural waterways in urban and suburban landscapes across the United States. However, optimal design, implementation, operation, and maintenance are still in need of study. A field survey of 52 bioretention practices was conducted in Davidson County, Tennessee, to address research questions related to operation and maintenance. A suite of site conditions were documented, such as size, signs of erosion, and dominant surface cover. Samples were collected from the surface of the engineered media layer and analyzed for organic matt

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Sun, Junna, Runya Yang, Jinjin Zhu, et al. "Contrasting effects of corn straw biochar on soil water infiltration and retention at tilled and compacted bulk densities in the Yellow River Delta." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 99, no. 4 (2019): 357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2019-0004.

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During field application of biochar, the bulk density of tilled soil initially decreases and then increases over time, until reaching the initial level of compacted soil. This study evaluated the optimal biochar particle size for promotion of water infiltration and retention in a saline soil with various bulk densities after application. Corn straw biochar, pyrolyzed at 450 °C for 0.5 h, was prepared in different particle sizes (S1 ≤ 0.25 mm, S2 = 0.25–1 mm, and S3 = 1–2 mm) and separately mixed into the 0–30 cm soil layer at two rates (R1 = 10 g kg−1 and R2 = 100 g kg−1), with tilled (D1 = 1.

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Zhang, Meng’en, Shuting Dai, Saima Gul, Lizhi He, Hanbo Chen, and Dan Liu. "Effect of Plow Pan on the Redistribution Dynamics of Water and Nutrient Transport in Soils." Sustainability 16, no. 20 (2024): 8859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16208859.

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Plow pans are an essential part of the agricultural soil structure. By adjusting the soil bulk density and plow pan height, the water and nutrient transport are dynamically redistributed. Plow pans play a crucial role in promoting crop growth, increasing yields, and supporting sustainable land management. In this study, a column experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of plow pan height (10 cm and 15 cm) and bulk density (1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 g cm⁻3) on soil nutrient and water leaching under high-volume (HV) and low-volume (LV) fertilizer applications. The results reveal that the leac

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Ariyajinno, Nattawut, and Sakdipown Thiansem. "The Optimal Ratio of Mixed Talc Silica and Narathiwat Clay for Cordierite-Mullite Refractories." Key Engineering Materials 766 (April 2018): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.766.223.

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In this paper, effects of incorporation of Narathiwat clay (NT), talc and silica on the mechanical properties of cordierite-mullite refractories were investigated. The starting raw materials were mixed in different ratios and fired at 1300 °C for 2 hours. XRD patterns of fired refectories indicated cordierite and mullite phases. The fired samples were studied the firing shrinkage, water absorption, bulk density, apparent porosity and bending strength of the cordierite-mullite refractories. The optimum condition was achieved for the composition of 20% Talc that had shrinkage: 11.78%, water abso

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Manullang, Panangian, Madinatul Arbi, and Slamet Rachman Jaka. "Low density optimization of emulsion explosive to improve blasting quality (MNK Max70)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 882, no. 1 (2021): 012058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/882/1/012058.

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Abstract PT Multi Nitrotama Kimia is a mining service company engaged in providing blasting services and the largest sales of explosives in Indonesia. PT Pamapersada Nusantara jobsite Kideco Jaya Agung is one of the customers of PT Multi Nitrotama Kimia in the blasting service business unit. On a far more optimal side, the development of commodity price conditions and operational needs is a common concern. From these conditions, one of the best target cost controls for blasting and fragmentation is to make adjustments and improvement to the quality and quantity of the use of bulk products. The

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Costantini, A. "Soil sampling bulk-density in the coastal lowlands of South-East Queensland." Soil Research 33, no. 1 (1995): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9950011.

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Bulk density is commonly measured in compaction, cultivation, land evaluation and site classification studies in forestry. Typically, measurements are made using a small-diameter core sampler (an integral open drive sampler) which is manually driven into the soil profile. The study reported in this paper was designed to determine the effects of sampler size on bulk density estimates, and to identify optimal sampling intensities for the coastal lowlands of south-east Queensland. Four sampler sizes were tested (internal diameters of 3.48, 4.83, 5.98 and 9.12 cm, and all approximately 10 cm in le

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Phonphuak, Nonthaphong. "Application of Dry Grass for Clay Brick Manufacturing." Key Engineering Materials 757 (October 2017): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.757.35.

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In this paper, effects of incorporation of dry grass on the properties of clay bricks were investigated. Clay bricks fabricated with 0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 % (w/w) of dry grass were tested. The clay brick specimens were fired at 900, 1000 and 1100 °C to study for bulk density, apparent porosity water absorption and compressive strength of brick samples were investigated. Results revealed that the bulk density of clay bricks were reduced when dry grass dosages increased. Results also shown that the increasing in bulk density were obtained when the firing temperature increased. The compressive streng

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Dobrinčić, A., L. Tuđen, M. Repajić, et al. "Microencapsulation of Olive Leaf Extract by Spray Drying." Acta Alimentaria 49, no. 4 (2020): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/066.2020.49.4.13.

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The aim of this research was to obtain a high value powder of olive leaf extract (OLE) rich in polyphenols by spray drying. Since carrier, polyphenols/carrier ratio, and inlet temperature could have an impact on process yield and polyphenol retention, to deﬁne the most promising drying conditions for OLE experiment with gallic acid model solutions (GAS) was conducted. Inﬂuence of carrier type (maltodextrin, inulin, gum arabic, and their two-component blends), polyphenols/carrier ratio, and temperature on process yield of spray dried GAS was examined, and for each carrier the most promising tem

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15

Liliana, Abertun Sagit Sahay, and Supiyan. "ADDITION OF BENDRAT WIRE TO THE FIBER CONCRETE MIXTURE WITH ARTIFICIAL COARSE AGGREGATE MADE FROM TANGKILING CLAY, PALANGKA RAYA CITY." BALANGA: Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan 13, no. 1 (2025): 30–36. https://doi.org/10.37304/balanga.v13i1.18852.

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This study evaluates the physical properties, bulk density, water absorption, and specific gravity of artificial coarse aggregate derived from Tangkiling clay, Palangka Raya City, as well as the effect of wire fiber addition on the mechanical properties of fiber concrete. The artificial coarse aggregate was produced by firing clay at a temperature of 1000°C, resulting in rounded aggregate shapes. The bulk density of the aggregate in a loose condition was recorded at 889 kg/m³, while the water absorption was 13.69%. The specific gravity in dry and saturated surface-dry conditions was 1.260 and

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Bekbasarov, I., and K. Suienshbayeva. "ON THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT FRACTIONS ON THE MAXIMUM DENSITY AND OPTIMUM HUMIDITY OF THE FINE-GRAINED COMPONENT OF THE GROUND MIXTURE." Bulletin of Kazakh Leading Academy of Architecture and Construction 87, no. 1 (2023): 173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.51488/1680-080x/2023.1-17.

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The research results are presented, according to the experimental assessment of the influence of the content (by weight) of various fractions of fine soil on its maximum density and optimal moisture content. It is shown that by increasing a certain fraction, it is possible to achieve the highest density and the lowest moisture content of fine soil with its required amount in the mixture. To select the optimal composition of soil mixtures for the construction of bulk earth dams, it is recommended to carry out similar laboratory tests.

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Šakmanas, Aloyzas. "INVESTIGATIONS INTO PROPERTIES OF MINERAL WOOL SLABS OF INCREASED STIFFNESS MANUFACTURED OF A LARGE—SIZE BEAM/PADIDINTO STANDUMO MINERALINĖS VATOS PLOKŠČIŲ, PAGAMINTŲ IŠ SUFORMUOTO STAMBIŲ GABARITŲ MASYVO, SAVYBĖS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 3, no. 11 (1997): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921525.1997.10531354.

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The article presents the results of experimental investigations into non-uniformity of bulk density distribution, compressive strength, heat conductivity, and completion of binders polycondensation in slabs manufactured from a large-size mineral wool beam (its width B = 1000 mm and thickness H = 500 mm). The non-uniformity of bulk density was investigated as in a beam (for this purpose from different places of a beam there were cut samples with a thickness d = 120 mm), as in slabs (their length L = 1000 mm and width H = 500 mm). For such a purpose samples or slabs were cut after scheme (Fig 1)

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Wu, Jian Feng, Hao Cheng, Xiao Hong Xu, and Teng Fei Deng. "Effect of Sintering Aids on the Densification of Andalusite Ceramics." Advanced Materials Research 842 (November 2013): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.842.78.

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The ceramics with large bulk density and high bending strength were fabricated via semi-dry pressing and pressureless sintering in the air. Andalusite and calcined bauxite were used as the raw materials, sintering aids such as potassium feldspar, albite, talc, spodumene and borax were added to promote the densification and decrease the sintering temperature of the samples. The best physical properties were obtained on a sample of optimal composition (the addition of sintering aid was talc) sintered at 1500 °C for 3 h, i.e. a bending strength of 138.52 MPa and bulk density of 2.61gcm-3, the sin

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Castro, Chris D., and Germán C. Quintana. "Mixture Design Approach on the Physical Properties of Lignin-Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Xerogels." International Journal of Polymer Science 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/272851.

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Organic xerogels were functionalized by incorporating sugarcane bagasse lignin from soda pulping black liquor, not used so far in this materials, with the aim of introducing new functional groups on traditional gels that could improve its adsorptive capacity. Two mixing designs were applied to identify the reactive combinations that allow a well gel formation and to adjust models that predict physical properties. The designs study five components: resorcinol (R, 0.04–0.3), lignin (L, 0.004–0.14), formaldehyde (F, 0.08–0.17), water (W, 0.45–0.8), and NaOH (C, 0.0003–0.0035). The first experimen

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Singh, Surbhi, Narendra Swaroop, Tarence Thomas, Taniya Mistry, and Ashima Thomas. "Influence of Municipal Solid Waste Manure with Different Levels of Inorganic Fertilizers on Soil Health Parameters, Growth, and Yield Attributes of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.) In Sub-humid Climate Condition in Prayagraj, (U.P.) India." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, no. 7 (2024): 523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i74761.

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The objective of the experiment was to evaluate influence of municipal solid waste manure with different levels of inorganic fertilizer on physical properties of soil in cultivation of green gram. The design applied was randomized block design. It was observed that the lowest bulk density and particle density recorded in treatment T10 (NPK@100% + Municipal Solid Waste Manure @ 7.5 t ha-1). It was observed that treatment T10 (NPK@100% + Municipal Solid Waste Manure @ 7.5 t ha-1) have also influence the soil pore space and WHC. It was also recorded that bulk density and Particle Density maximum

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Tupciauskas, Ramunas, Andris Berzins, Gunars Pavlovics, et al. "Optimization of Thermal Conductivity vs. Bulk Density of Steam-Exploded Loose-Fill Annual Lignocellulosics." Materials 16, no. 10 (2023): 3654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16103654.

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Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB)-based thermal insulation materials available in the market are more expensive than conventional ones and consist mainly of wood or agricultural bast fibers which are primarily used in construction and textile industries. Therefore, it is crucial to develop LCB-based thermal insulation materials from cheap and available raw materials. The study investigates new thermal insulation materials from locally available residues of annual plants like wheat straw, reeds and corn stalks. The treatment of raw materials was performed by mechanical crushing and defibration by s

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Arroikhaanunnisa, Dini, Nema Oryza Kusumawati, Hartono H, and Shifa Fauziyah. "Pengaruh Penggunaan Limbah Masker Medis dan Limbah Serabut Kelapa sebagai Substitusi Pasir dalam Pembuatan Bata Ringan." Jurnal Sipil dan Arsitektur 1, no. 3 (2023): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/pilars.1.3.2023.18-24.

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Lightweight brick is a type of lightweight brick that is superior to the previous one. The purpose of this study was to analyze variations in the optimal composition of lightweight bricks (CLC) innovation by utilizing medical mask waste and coconut fiber waste as a substitute for sand based on bulk density and water absorption, compressive strength test, and soundproof test. The method used is the experimental method. Test object with variations in composition, namely 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%. Each variation has 3 samples with a total of 12. The values for bulk density and water absorption are in a

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Siahaan, Renaldy Christian, and Zaenal Kusuma. "KARAKTERISTIK SIFAT FISIK TANAH DAN C-ORGANIK PADA PENGGUNAAN LAHAN BERBEDA DI KAWASAN UB FOREST." Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan 8, no. 2 (2021): 395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtsl.2021.008.2.11.

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UB forest area has various land uses, namely the use of agroforestry land based on coffee and seasonal crops. This will result in various physical properties of the soil in each use, therefore this study aims to determine the physical properties of the soil in different land uses and obtain optimal land use in the UB Forest area. The research was conducted from June to September 2020 in Malang district. The study was conducted on land use of pine forest areas, pine agroforestry + coffee, pine agroforestry + seasonal crops, mahogany agroforestry + coffee and mahogany agroforestry + seasonal cro

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Premrov, Alina, Thomas Cummins, and Kenneth A. Byrne. "Bulk-density modelling using optimal power-transformation of measured physical and chemical soil parameters." Geoderma 314 (March 2018): 205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.10.060.

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ZOLOTOVA, A. G., V. F. PETROVA, I. V. KARTASHOVA, and D. M. VDOVENKO. "INFLUENCE OF PETROLEUM COKE PROPERTIES ON THE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF FIRED ANODES FOR ALUMINUM PRODUCTION." IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 10(281) (October 2023): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35211/1990-5297-2023-10-281-33-39.

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On the basis of the studied laboratory samples of baked anodes, the optimal ratio of petroleum coke was determined, based on the indicators of vibrating bulk density, particle size distribution, amount of sulfur and the reactivity of the anodes in a stream of CO2.

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Fadeyibi, Adeshina, Kehinde Raheef Adebayo, Taiye Mayowa Obafemi, Abiodun Samson Olubo, Rasheed Amao Busari, and Mohammed Gana Yisa. "Development and evaluation of biomass-based alternative charcoal." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 51, no. 3 (2020): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2020.1032.

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Environmental issues resulting from production and application of wood charcoal can be addressed by using biomass briquettes as alternative. This research was undertaken to develop and evaluate briquette from jatropha, groundnut and melon seed residues. Samples of the briquette were formed from mixtures of 0.32-0.39 kg carbonised residues, 0.30-0.40 kg starch and 0.02- 0.04 kg water. Physical and mechanical properties of the briquette samples including calorific value, bulk density and breaking force were determined using standard methods. Box-Bekhen Design Methodology was used to determine th

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Shabanova, H. M., S. M. Logvinkov, V. M. Shumeiko, et al. "Analysis of the granulometric composition of a three-fraction charge for vibropressed products." Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, no. 6 (December 2024): 11–17. https://doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2024-157-6-11-17.

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Using developed equipment and a methodology for experimental studies on the workability of the grain composition of three-fraction charges under load in a cylindrical container during vibrational impact after a series of blows from a compactor, the optimal fraction content was determined to meet the conditions for achieving a high degree of compaction. The analysis of experimental results identified charges with high bulk density and compaction coefficients, highlighting the following optimal fraction composition for further research (wt.%): 20–50% of 5–10 mm granite gravel, 25–40% of 2–5 mm g

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Lei, Yue, Xing Zheng, Mei Dou, Lihong Zheng, Mingfang Tang, and Chi Feng. "Optimal density for balancing the thermal conductivity and compressive strength of foamed ceramic." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2069, no. 1 (2021): 012211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012211.

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Abstract Foamed ceramic becomes increasingly popular in building engineering due to its thermal, acoustic and other advantages. However, conflicts often exist between its different properties. In this paper, we seek a balance between the thermal conductivity and the compressive strength of foamed ceramic. Experiments are performed on foamed ceramic with different densities. Nonlinear regression is then adopted to quantify the relationship between the thermal conductivity/compressive strength and the bulk density. The results indicate that both the thermal conductivity and the compressive stren

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Yao, Huizhen, and Lai Liu. "Design and Optimize the Performance of Self-Powered Photodetector Based on PbS/TiS3 Heterostructure by SCAPS-1D." Nanomaterials 12, no. 3 (2022): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12030325.

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Titanium trisulphide (TiS3) has been widely used in the field of optoelectronics owing to its superb optical and electronic characteristics. In this work, a self-powered photodetector using bulk PbS/TiS3 p-n heterojunction is numerically investigated and analyzed by a Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator in one-Dimension (SCAPS-1D) software. The energy bands, electron-holes generation or recombination rate, current density-voltage (J-V), and spectral response properties have been investigated by SCAPS-1D. To improve the performance of photodetectors, the influence of thickness, shallow acceptor or

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Pesireron, Nelly D., Priscilia Picauly, and Syane Palijama. "Physicochemical Characteristics of Pregelatinized Banana Flour with Variations in Cooking Temperature." Jurnal Agrosilvopasture-Tech 1, no. 2 (2022): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/j.agrosilvopasture-tech.2022.1.2.53.

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The objective of this study was to determine, based on the physicochemical features of pregelatinized flour, the optimal cooking temperature for its production. This study employed a completely random design with four levels of cooking temperature: 75 °C, 80°Ce, 85° C, and 90° C, with two replications. The moisture content, ash content, water absorption, and bulk density of Tongka Langit banana flour (control) and pregelatinization were observed. Tongka Langit banana flour exhibited the following characteristics: moisture content (7.35–9.65%), ash content (3.42–3.75%), water absorption (1.76–3

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Al-Ogaidi, Ahmed A. M., Mohammad Tariq Mahmood, Abdulghani Khalaf Mohammed, and Haqqi Ismail Yasin. "Effect of Soil Bulk Density on Water Infiltration in Layered Soil." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 30, no. 3 (2023): 174–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.30.3.16.

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Abstract: The optimal design of various irrigation systems requires knowledge and a deep understanding of various soil properties. Water infiltration in the soil is among the most prominent of these characteristics. Ten laboratory experiments were conducted to study the effect of the bulk density of stratified soils (two-layered soils), Where sandy loam soil, and clay soil were used. Three bulk density values were adopted for each soil, and experiments were conducted in different sequences. New empirical relationships were derived to calculate the cumulative infiltration depth and the depth of

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Edeh, J. C., J. F. Peters, S. N. Eni-Ikeh, M. A. Abuh, and P. C. Ndubisi. "Reinforcement of cement tiles with palm kernel shell particles as natural fibre." Nigerian Journal of Technology 43, no. 1 (2024): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v43i1.9.

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This study focused on the experimental investigation of the effect of palm kernel shell particulate reinforcement on the mechanical properties of cement-based tiles. Five samples of cement tiles reinforced with different compositions of kernel shell of 1440 µm particle size at predetermined moisture content were produced against a control sample to ascertain the composition that offered the best suitable properties for the functional requirements of cement tiles at reduced cost. For all the samples produced, evaluations for bulk density, apparent porosity, water absorption capacity, and flexur

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Shabanova, H. N., S. M. Logvinkov, V. N. Shumeyko, et al. "Optimization of the ratio of adjacent aggregate fractions for slag-alkali binder concrete." Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, no. 6 (December 2024): 136–43. https://doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2024-157-6-136-143.

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The results of determining the rational content of granite gravel and sand fractions for concrete products subjected to vibration pressing, aimed at achieving a high degree of compaction, are presented. The analysis of experimental data consecutively narrowed the concentration range of mixture compositions with high values of bulk density and compaction coefficients, identifying the optimal composition of charge fractions (wt.%): 37.5 – 5–10 mm granite gravel; 25 – 2–5 mm granite gravel; and 37.5 – 0–0.3 mm sand. The simplex-lattice method was used for mathematical processing of the experiment

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Contrisciano, Thomas M., and E. Jay Holcomb. "GROWTH OF BEDDING PLANTS IN MINERAL WOOL AND MINERAL WOOL/PEAT MIXES." HortScience 27, no. 6 (1992): 686b—686. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.686b.

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The objective of this research was to develop a mineral wool based growing medium for the horticultural industry. Two types of hydrophilic mineral wool, clean wool (CW) and unclean wool (UC) were used unamended, as well as both types in combinations with 25, 50, and 75 percent peat moss (PM). A control of 100 percent (PM) was also used. Unamended CW had a low bulk density, excellent water holding capacity, good aeration, but high pH. Once PM was added to CW, bulk density still remained low, water holding capacity and aeration remained good, and the pH dropped to a more suitable level. Unamende

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Olness, Alan, Dian Lopez, David Archer, et al. "Factors Affecting Microbial Formation of Nitrate-Nitrogen in Soil and Their Effects on Fertilizer Nitrogen Use Efficiency." Scientific World JOURNAL 1 (2001): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.308.

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Mineralization of soil organic matter is governed by predictable factors with nitrate-N as the end product. Crop production interrupts the natural balance, accelerates mineralization of N, and elevates levels of nitrate-N in soil. Six factors determine nitrate-N levels in soils: soil clay content, bulk density, organic matter content, pH, temperature, and rainfall. Maximal rates of N mineralization require an optimal level of air-filled pore space. Optimal air-filled pore space depends on soil clay content, soil organic matter content, soil bulk density, and rainfall. Pore space is partitioned

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Singh, Indraveer, Shalini Chaturvedi, Avinash Kumar, Atul Kumar Shrivastava, and Prabhat Kumar Guru. "Comparison of rotary blade types on bulk density in puddled soil under varying conditions." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 62, no. 02 (2025): 144–53. https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2025.62.2.5.

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This study investigates the influence of rotary blade design, operational width and depth, rotary speed, and forward speed on soil bulk density during tillage/weeding operations. A comparative analysis was conducted on three rotary blade designs with different shapes (serrated, finger, and plain-shaped rotary blades) under varying field conditions of vertisol. The data were optimized using the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) within the framework of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Data from all experimental setups revealed that the lowest soil bulk density (1.35 g cm-³) was achieved using serrated

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Araiza-Rosales, Elia Esther, José Natividad Gurrola-Reyes, Francisco Óscar Carrete-Carreón, et al. "Evaluation of physicochemical characteristics and digestibility of an extrudate with common bean for pigs." Revista MVZ Córdoba 27, no. 1 (2021): e2172. http://dx.doi.org/10.21897/rmvz.2172.

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Objective: To evaluate the physicochemical properties of an extruded feed using bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as a soymeal substitute and to perform pig growth trials, evaluating nitrogen digestibility. Materials and methods: This research was divided into two stages, the first one consisted on the standardization of the extruded feed, where two formulations of bean flour (Pinto Saltillo variety), cornflour (Cafime variety), and soybean meal were evaluated: 20/67/13% and 30/60/10%, respectively. Samples were processed in a single screw extruder at 120-150°C and moisture content of 18-22%. Evalu

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Duriagina, Zoia, Ihor Lemishka, Oleksandr Ovchynnykov, Vladimir Yefanov, and Piotr Klimczyk. "The influence of the structure and properties of powder heat-resistant alloys on the features of 3D printing of products from them." MATEC Web of Conferences 390 (2024): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202439004004.

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Methods of fractional analysis of powders based on heat-resistant nickel alloys, electron microscopy and elemental analysis, study of bulk density of powder fractions, as well as approaches of mathematical modeling of packing density were applied in the work. Spherical powders based on heat-resistant nickel alloys of two different fractions: 50...200 μm and ≤63 μm were studied. The morphology of the surface of spherical particles of powders based on heat-resistant nickel alloys of different fractional composition, as well as their granulometric characteristics, was researched. It is shown that

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39

Demissew, Ayalew, Kiber Temesgen, and Ayenew Meresa. "Optimization of Cooking Time, Toasting Temperature and Tempering Time to Improve Physical Qualities of Corn Flake from Maize." Berhan International Research Journal of Science and Humanities 6 (February 9, 2022): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.61593/dbu.birjsh.01.01.102.

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In this study processing conditions of corn flake were determined to produce optimum corn flake characteristics such as untoasted flake thickness, low bulk density, high water absorption index and acceptable sensory qualities for maize variety of BH-540. It was also found that the effect of cooking time, toasting temperature, and tempering time most importantly influence physicochemical properties of processed corn flakes. The optimal processing conditions of corn flake form maize variety of BH-540 was found as cooking time (46 min), tempering time (71 min) and toasting temperature of 181oC. P

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Joohari, Mohd Izzat, Ekarizan Shaffie, Anas Ibrahim, and Mohd Tarmizi Che Othman. "Effects of Ground Coal Bottom Ash and Calcium Chloride on the Compaction Properties of Cement Stabilized Cold In-Place Recycling (CIPR) Pavement Base Course." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 36, no. 5 (2024): 2213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2024-36(5)-38.

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Flexible asphalt pavement relies on a strong road base layer for structural support throughout its service life. Deteriorated pavement conditions require continuous maintenance and rehabilitation, resulting in maintenance costs. Cold In-Place Recycling (CIPR) offers a sustainable and cost-effective solution compared to the conventional method of ‘remove and replace.’ CIPR involves recycling degraded existing pavement materials with a certain depth of aggregate base to form a new base layer, with the addition of stabilizing agents. Proper compaction before curing is crucial since inadequate com

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Andzs, Martins, Ramunas Tupciauskas, Andris Veveris, and Janis Gravitis. "Impact of wood fraction, moisture and steam explosion on the development of an innovative insulation material." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 16, 2015): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2015vol1.210.

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<p class="R-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="EN-GB">The study shows development of an innovative bulk heat insulation material from grey alder (<em>Alnus incana</em> L. Moench) chips and birch (<em>Betula pendula, Betula verrucosa</em>) flakes as residues of plywood production. The research is actual for the plywood production companies and for producers that process grey alder chips to make an innovative products with high added value. Chips and flakes eco-efficient converted to fibrous mass by steam explosion (SE) technology at temperatures (T) of 200 to 235

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Wojtasik, Mieczysław, and Dawid Szatten. "Kategorie optymalnych dla roślin gęstości gleb = Categories of optimal bulk density of soils for plants." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 5, no. 7 (2015): 301–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20065.

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<strong>Wojtasik Mieczysław, Szatten Dawid. </strong><strong>Kategorie optymalnych dla roślin gęstości gleb = </strong><strong>Categories of optimal bulk density of soils for plants. </strong><strong>Journal of Education, Health and Sport. </strong><strong>2015;5(7):301-313</strong><strong>.</strong><strong> ISSN 2391-8306. DOI </strong><strong>10.5281/zenodo.20065</strong> <strong>http</strong><strong>://</strong><strong>ojs</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>ukw</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>edu</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>pl</strong><strong>/</strong><strong>index</strong><strong>.

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43

Nalewajko, Marta, and Michał Bołtryk. "Use of Alkaline-Activated Energy Waste Raw Materials in Geopolymer Concrete." Materials 17, no. 10 (2024): 2253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17102253.

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Silica fly ash, Certyd aggregate, and an alkaline solution were used to produce lightweight geopolymer concretes. The compressive strength, water absorption, and bulk density results, along with SEM photos showing the structure of the obtained composite, were obtained. Tests conducted on the specifications of lightweight geopolymer concretes have revealed significant chemical interactions between the ash aggregate and the geopolymer mortar, particularly when the coarse aggregate surface has been pre-treated with an alkaline solution. A statistical analysis of the experimental data, which inves

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Mianowski, Andrzej, Bartosz Mertas, and Marek Ściążko. "The Concept of Optimal Compaction of the Charge in the Gravitation System Using the Grains Triangle for Cokemaking Process." Energies 14, no. 13 (2021): 3911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133911.

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Two isomorphic sets of grains, small and large, were analysed—without specifying their dimensions—under the acronym CMC (Curve of Maximum Compression) and taking into account the effects of segregation CMCS. The proposal is particularly valuable for optimal blend preparation in the gravity system in cokemaking. The main advantage of this work is the proposal of using the grains triangle, which limits the values calculated by the relations: bulk density-share of coarse/fine grains, for different levels of moisture content. Each system of changing shares of coarse grains is characterised by a co

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Setyo Rahayu, Trilis, Rachmi Kartini, Dwi Chandra Adhitya, Pradini Rahalintar, Diyah Rosiani, and Alfarisi Rizqi Ibnu Satria. "SCREENING PASIR ALAM SEBAGAI PROPPANT BERDASARKAN STANDART API RP19C." Lembaran Publikasi Minyak dan Gas Bumi 58, no. 3 (2025): 147–61. https://doi.org/10.29017/lpmgb.58.3.1698.

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Hydraulic Fracturing digunakan sebagai operasi untuk meningkatkan jumlah hydrocarbon di reservoir dengan permeabilitas yang rendah. Proppant memiliki peran penting pada operasi hydraulic fracturing yaitu digunakan untuk memperkuat bentuk fracture. pengujian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas sampel pasir dari 3 lokasi dengan menggunakan standard API RP19C. Analisis laboratorium meliputi turbidity, bulk density, specific graviy, acid solubility, roundness and sphericity, sieve analysis, dan chrush resistance. Pasir proppant dari lokasi 1 dengan mesh 40/70 paling layak digunakan sebagai pro

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Zhang, Jun Dong, Ming Hao Fang, Zhao Hui Huang, Yan Gai Liu, Xin Min, and Xiao Wen Wu. "Preparation and Mechanical Properties of ReAl₁₁O₁₈ Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 602-603 (March 2014): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.602-603.345.

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In this paper, plate-like ReAl11O18 (Re = La, Pr, Nd) toughened ceramics were prepared by pressureless sintering at 1650 °C for 5 h in air. The bulk densities of the sintered samples were between 4.7 to 5.3g/cm3. The mechanical properties of the ReAl11O18 ceramics were studied systematically at room temperature. The flexure strength and fracture toughness of ReAl11O18 ceramics were 97.5 to 102.7 Mpa and 3.8 to 4.2Mpa.m1/2. The results show that: The optimal temperature to synthesis ReAl11O18 ceramics was 1650 °C; The flexural strength and fracture toughness of the ReAl11O18 ceramics increase w

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Chen, Mengliang, Liu Zhu, Yingwei Chen, et al. "Effect of Chemical Composition on the Thermoplastic Formability and Nanoindentation of Ti-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses." Materials 17, no. 7 (2024): 1699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17071699.

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A series of Ti41Zr25Be34-xNix (x = 4, 6, 8, 10 at.%) and Ti41Zr25Be34-xCux (x = 4, 6, 8 at.%) bulk metallic glasses were investigated to examine the influence of Ni and Cu content on the viscosity, thermoplastic formability, and nanoindentation of Ti-based bulk metallic glasses. The results demonstrate that Ti41Zr25Be30Ni4 and Ti41Zr25Be26Cu8 amorphous alloys have superior thermoplastic formability among the Ti41Zr25Be34-xNix and Ti41Zr25Be34-xCux amorphous alloys due to their low viscosity in the supercooled liquid region and wider supercooled liquid region. The hardness and modulus exhibit o

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Srivastava, Soma, and Dilip Jain. "Optimization of Process Parameters and effect of Vegetable Powder Incorporation on Physical Quality Attributes of Pearl Millet Extrudates." Annals of Arid Zone 64, no. 2 (2025): 229–35. https://doi.org/10.56093/aaz.v64i2.164524.

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This study examined the extrusion cooking of pearl millet and maize blends, focusing changes in physical properties and the effects of incorporating spinach and beetroot powders. Single screw extruder powered by 5.0 kW motor and a rotational speed of 1450 rpm was used to produce extrudates. Pearl millet and maize grits having 13% moisture content and mixed in the ratio of 70:30, 50:50, and 30:70 on weight basis were used for extrusion. The study adopted simplex-lattice mixture design and augmented mixture design for blend formulations. The effect of blend proportions was studied on physical pr

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Kumar, Kaushal, Shivam Saraswat, Kriti Sharma, et al. "Influence of Utilization of Fly Ash as Sand Replacement Agent in Sustainable Flexible Pavement." E3S Web of Conferences 430 (2023): 01174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343001174.

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The current investigation work has investigated the utilization of Fly Ash (FA) in soil improvement and to assess the impacts of addition of various rates of FA on the sample of unsaturated soil. Effect of fly ash addition has been investigated on moisture content, degree of compaction and densities of unsaturated soil by directing different experiments. In the primary phase samples have been prepared with included FA in the percentages of 12%, 17%, 22%, and 27% respectively. Moisture content and densities experiments have been conducted without addition of FA for reference value. Each experim

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Mohammadi, Kamyab, and Rasa Vaiškūnaitė. "EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE SELECTED BIOFILTRATION MATERIALS UNDER DYNAMIC CONDITIONS." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 16 (May 31, 2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2024.21297.

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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a hazardous chemical compound present in raw biogas and requires removal. Biofiltration offers an eco-friendly solution by utilizing sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOBs) within a biofilter. This biofilter typically comprises packing material to house SOBs and facilitate desulfurization. To optimize removal efficiency (RE), the physicochemical properties of packing materials (organic/inorganic/synthetic) need evaluation. This study focused on the characteristics of sewage sludge and biochar samples produced via pyrolysis at temperatures of 400 °C, 500 °C, and 600 °C, along

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