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Mellal, Lyès. "Modélisation et commande de microrobots magnétiques pour le traitement ciblé du cancer." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2081/document.
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Le cancer est une maladie caractérisée par la croissance incontrôlée des cellules. Le nombre de personnes atteintes par le carcinome hépatocellulaire (CHC) est en progression croissante. Les traitements utilisés jusqu'à présent par les médecins tels que la chimioembolisation transartérielle (TACE) et la radioembolisation transartérielle (TARE) présentent des limitations à cause des effets secondaires causés sur les tissus sains. En vue d'atteindre un meilleur contrôle tumoral avec le minimum de complications des tissus sains, les approches microrobotiques peuvent apporter des solutions au problème du ciblage thérapeutique. Une solution consiste à contrôler la direction de transporteurs thérapeutiques (bolus magnétiques), composés de microparticules magnétiques et d’agents anti-cancéreux, à l’intérieur des vaisseaux sanguins vers la zone tumorale. Des champs magnétiques extérieurs sont alors utilisés pour propulser, guider et naviguer une flottille de bolus magnétiques au travers du réseau artériel. Cette thèse propose donc une méthodologie globale à mettre en place afin de rendre les procédures locorégionales transartérielles robotisées plus ciblées et plus localisées. Dans un premier temps, nous avons optimisé la quantité de médicament à injecter sous forme de bolus magnétiques. Ensuite, nous nous sommes intéressés à l'optimisation de la structure du bolus en vue d’assurer d’une part, la navigation optimale à l’intérieur des vaisseaux et d’autre part, d’offrir la possibilité d’embarquer une quantité d’agents thérapeutiques plus importante. La navigation des bolus délivrés par un cathéter vers la zone ciblée (tumeur) est assurée grâce au développement et à l'implémentation d’une loi de commande optimale. La validation de l'injection et de la navigation des bolus magnétiques a été réalisée sur une plateforme magnétique robotisée développée dans le cadre de cette thèse<br>Cancer is a disease characterized by an uncontrolled cell growth. The number of people with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is growing constantly. The treatments used by doctors until nowadays such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and transarterial Radioembolization (TARE) have limitations because of the side effects caused to healthy tissues. In order to achieve best tumor control with minimal complications on healthy tissues, microrobotics technology can provide solutions to the problem of therapeutic targeting. One solution is to control the direction of the therapeutic carriers (magnetic bolus), composed of magnetic microparticles and anti-cancer agents, inside the blood vessels to the tumor area (target). External magnetic fields are then used to propel, steer and navigate a magnetic bolus fleet through the arterial system. This thesis offers a global methodology to implement in order to make the robotic transarterial locoregional procedures more targeted and localized. First, we have optimized the amount of drug to be injected as magnetic boluses. Then, we have carried out the optimization of the magnetic bolus structure in order to ensure firstly, the optimal navigation inside the vessels and secondly, to offer the possibility of carrying a larger amount of therapeutic agents. The navigation of boluses delivered by the catheter to the target area (tumor) is ensured through the development and implementation of the optimal control law. The validation of the injection and navigation magnetic bolus are performed on a magnetic microrobotic platform
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Haimerl, Felix K. "Dynamics Simulation and Optimal Control of a Multiple-input and Multiple-output Balancing Cube." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2018. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2078.
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This thesis document outlines the development of a multibody dynamics simulation of an actively stabilized multiple-input, multiple-output, coupled, balancing cube and the process of verifying the results by implementing the control algorithm in hardware. A non-linear simulation of the system was created in Simscape and used to develop a Linear Quadratic Gaussian control algorithm. To implement this algorithm in actual hardware, the system was first designed, manufactured, and assembled. The structure of the cube and the reaction wheels were milled from aluminum. DC brushless motors were installed into the mechanical system. In terms of electronics, a processor, orientation sensor, motor drivers, analog to digital converters, and a pulse width modulation board were assembled into the cube. Upon completion, the software to control the cube was developed using Simulink and run on a Raspberry Pi computer within the mechanism.
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Hellberg, Joakim, and Axel Sundkvist. "Comparing Control Strategies fora Satcom on the Move Antenna." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279331.
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Satellite communication is a widely known method for communicating with remote or disaster-strickenplaces. Sometimes, thecommunication can be a matter of life and death,and it is thus vital that it works well. For two-way communication (such as internet) it is necessary for the antenna on Earth to point towards the satellite with a pointing error not larger than a few tenths of a degree. For example, regulations decided by the authorities in the U.S. forbid pointing errors larger than 0.5°. In some cases the antenna on Earth has to be moving while satellite communication is maintained. Such cases can be when the antenna is mounted to a vehicle, and the antenna thus has to compensate for the vehicle’s movement in order to point at the satellite. This application of satellite communication is called Satcom on the Move (SOTM). By constructing a Simulink model of an entire SOTM-system, including vehicle dynamics, satellite position, signal behavior, sensors, and actuators, different control strategies can be compared. This thesis compares the performance of an H2- and an LQG-controller for a static initial acquisition case, and a dynamic inertial stabilization case. The static initial acquisition case is performed with a search algorithm (SpiralSearch) aiming to find the satellite signalin the shortest possible time for a given initial pointing error. The dynamic inertial stabilization case is performed by allowing the simulated vehicle to drive in a slalom pattern and over uneven grounds. The controllers are designed based on modern control theory.The conclusion of this thesis is that the H2-controller performs slightly better in the static testcase,whereastheLQG-controller performs slightly better in the dynamic test cases. However, the results are greatly influenced by the tuning of the controllers, meaning that the comparison is not necessarily true for the controllers rather than the tuning parameters.<br>Satellitkommunikation är en allmänt känd metod för att kommunicera med avlägsna eller katastrofdrabbade platser. Ibland kan kommunikationen vara en fråga om liv och död, och det är därför viktigt att den fungerar bra. För tvåvägskommunikation (som internet) är det nödvändigt att antennen på jorden pekar mot satelliten med ett pekfel som inte är större än några tiondels grader. Exempelvis finns det lagar i USA som förbjuder pekfel större än 0,5°. I vissa fall måste antennen på jorden röra sig medan satellitkommunikation upprätthålls. Sådana fall kan vara när antennen är monterad på ett fordon och antennen således måste kompensera för fordonets rörelse för att peka mot satelliten. Denna applikation av satellitkommunikation kallas Satcom on the Move(SOTM). Genom att konstruera en simulinkmodell av ett fullständigt SOTM-system, inklusive fordonsdynamik, satellitposition, signalbeteende, sensorer och ställdon, kan olika reglerstrategier jämföras. Denna avhandling jämför en H2 - och en LQG-regulator för ett statiskt fall, samt ett dynamiskt fall. Det statiska fallet utförs med en sökalgoritm (spiralsökning) som syftar till att hitta en specifik satellitsignal på kortast möjliga tid för ett givet initialt pekfel. Det dynamiska fallet utförs genom att låta det simulerade fordonet köra i slalommönster och på ojämnt underlag. Regulatorerna är designade baserade på modern kontrollteori. Slutsatsen av denna avhandling är att H2-regulatorn presterar något bättre i det statiska testfallet, medan LQG-regulatorn presterar något bättre i de dynamiska testfallen. Resultaten påverkas emellertid kraftigt av de designade reglerparametrarna, vilket innebär att jämförelsen inte nödvändigtvis är sann för kontrollerna, utan snarare förde specifika reglerparametrarna.
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Padoin, Eduardo. "Otimização topológica de cascas compostas laminadas com atuador piezelétrico para o controle de vibrações." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/115273.
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Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia de otimização topológica de atuadores piezelétricos em estruturas compostas laminada com o objetivo de atenuar as vibrações estruturais induzidas por excitações externas. Para isso, utiliza-se técnicas de controle ótimo, como o regulador linear quadrático (LQR) e o controlador linear quadrático gaussiano (LQG). Os estados não mensuráveis são estimados através do uso de observadores de estados de ordem completa, usando o filtro de Kalman para a escolha ótima da matriz de ganhos do observador de estados. O problema de otimização topológica é formulado para a localização ótima do atuador piezelétrico composto MFC (Macro Fiber Composite) na camada ativa da placa, determinando a localização mais vantajosa do material MFC através da maximização do índice de controlabilidade. Para o modelo estrutural, é proposto neste trabalho um modelo para a interação entre o atuador MFC e a estrutura. Assume-se que o MFC é uma das lâminas de material ortotrópico que sofre uma deformação inicial a partir da aplicação de um potencial elétrico e que essa deformação terá efeitos sobre o restante da estrutura. Dessa maneira, não é necessário modelar o campo elétrico gerado através dos eletrodos, uma vez que o efeito eletromecânico é considerado analiticamente. A rigidez e a massa do atuador MFC são considerados no modelo estrutural. Os resultados numéricos mostram que o modelo estrutural proposto para representar a interação entre o atuador MFC e a estrutura apresenta boa concordância com resultados experimentais e numéricos encontrados. Além disso, os resultados mostram que a partir do posicionamento ótimo do atuador MFC na estrutura, a técnica de controle implementada permite atenuar as vibrações estruturais. As simulações para uma força de um degrau unitário permitem concluir que a estratégia de controle usando o controlado LQG apresenta melhor desempenho em termos de tempo de assentamento, sobre resposta, amortecimento e sinal de controle, quando comparado com o controlador LQR.<br>This work presents a topologic optimization methodology of piezoelectric actuators in laminated composite structures with the objective of controlling external perturbation induced by structural vibrations. The Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) and Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) optimal control techniques are used. The states are estimated through of the full order state observers, using the Kalman filter to the observer gain matrix. The topology optimization is formulated to find the optimum localization of the Macro Fiber Composite (MFC) active piezoelectric patch, determining the most advantageous location of the MFC, through of the maximization of the controllability index. For the structural model, this work proposes a simplified MFC/structure interaction model. It is assumed that the MFC is one of the orthotropic material layers which has an initial strain arising from the application of an electric potential; this strain acts on the remainder of the structure. This way, modeling the electromechanical interaction between the piezoelectric material and the electric field is unnecessary because this effect is considered analytically. Both the stiffness and the mass of the MFC are taken into account in the structural model. Numerical results show that proposed MFC-structure interaction model presents good agreement with experiments and numerical simulations of models that uses the electromechanical effect. Actuator location optimization results show that the technique implemented improves the structural vibration damping. The response simulations to an unit step force allows to conclude that the control strategy using the LQG controller presents better performance in terms of settling time, overshoot, damping and control signal energy when compared to the LQR controller.
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Tchilian, Renan da Silva. "Controle de trajetória de um veículo planador subaquático." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2016.
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Orientador: Prof. Dr. Marat Rafikov<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica, 2016.<br>O objetivo desta dissertação é o controle de trajetória e navegação de um robô móvel autônomo subaquático. O robô abordado nesta dissertação faz parte de uma nova classe de AUV¿s (Autonomous Underwater Vehicles) chamados de planadores subaquáticos.
Os planadores subaquáticos se destacam por substituírem os propulsores por um mecanismo de translação e rotação de massas internas e variação de flutuabilidade, para se locomoverem. Essa nova classe de veículos visa superar o problema de autonomia, encontrado em outros tipos de AUV¿s, devido à limitada duração das baterias.
O controle de posicionamento é realizado através da linearização do modelo não ¿linear e aplicada a estratégia de controle ótimo conhecida por LQR (Regulador Linear Quadrático). Essa estratégia é aplicada ao problema de regulação do robô a uma referência e a eficácia do método de controle do robô é verificada através de simulações numéricas.
Nas simulações verificou ¿ se que o controle LQR foi capaz de fazer com que o veículo convergisse para a trajetória de referência desejada, demonstrando assim que a aplicação de um controlador linear para o modelo não ¿ linear do veículo é uma opção de aplicação em missões reais.<br>Within the structures optimization study area, one of the extensively explored methods is the TO objetivo desta dissertação é o controle de trajetória e navegação de um robô móvel autônomo subaquático. O robô abordado nesta dissertação faz parte de uma nova classe de AUV¿s (Autonomous Underwater Vehicles) chamados de planadores subaquáticos.
Os planadores subaquáticos se destacam por substituírem os propulsores por um mecanismo de translação e rotação de massas internas e variação de flutuabilidade, para se locomoverem. Essa nova classe de veículos visa superar o problema de autonomia, encontrado em outros tipos de AUV¿s, devido à limitada duração das baterias.
O controle de posicionamento é realizado através da linearização do modelo não ¿linear e aplicada a estratégia de controle ótimo conhecida por LQR (Regulador Linear Quadrático). Essa estratégia é aplicada ao problema de regulação do robô a uma referência e a eficácia do método de controle do robô é verificada através de simulações numéricas.
Nas simulações verificou ¿ se que o controle LQR foi capaz de fazer com que o veículo convergisse para a trajetória de referência desejada, demonstrando assim que a aplicação de um controlador linear para o modelo não ¿ linear do veículo é uma opção de aplicação em missões reais.
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Farrell, Michael David. "Error-State Estimation and Control for a Multirotor UAV Landing on a Moving Vehicle." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7879.
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Though multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become widely used during the past decade, challenges in autonomy have prevented their widespread use when moving vehicles act as their base stations. Emerging use cases, including maritime surveillance, package delivery and convoy support, require UAVs to autonomously operate in this scenario. This thesis presents improved solutions to both the state estimation and control problems that must be solved to enable robust, autonomous landing of multirotor UAVs onto moving vehicles.Current state-of-the-art UAV landing systems depend on the detection of visual fiducial markers placed on the landing target vehicle. However, in challenging conditions, such as poor lighting, occlusion, or extreme motion, these fiducial markers may be undected for significant periods of time. This thesis demonstrates a state estimation algorithm that tracks and estimates the locations of unknown visual features on the target vehicle. Experimental results show that this method significantly improves the estimation of the state of the target vehicle while the fiducial marker is not detected.This thesis also describes an improved control scheme that enables a multirotor UAV to accurately track a time-dependent trajectory. Rooted in Lie theory, this controller computes the optimal control signal based on an error-state formulation of the UAV dynamics. Simulation and hardware experiments of this control scheme show its accuracy and computational efficiency, making it a viable solution for use in a robust landing system.
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Awruch, Marcos Daniel de Freitas. "Análise de incertezas no controle de vibração em sistemas de materiais compósitos com atuação piezelétrica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/149238.
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Com o aperfeiçoamento de materiais compósitos de alto desempenho, surge a possibilidade do desenvolvimento de estruturas inteligentes, onde atuadores e sensores piezelétricos estão integrados na estrutura com sistemas de controle adequados para a atenuação de vibrações. Projetos multidisciplinares se tornam cada vez mais complexos e sofisticados, envolvendo diversas fontes de incertezas que devem ser analisadas e quantificadas. O escopo principal desse trabalho visa o estudo da propagação de incertezas em estruturas de materiais compósitos laminados com atuadores e sensores piezelétricos, onde entradas e parâmetros do projeto podem ser fontes aleatórias e/ou nebulosas. Para atingir esse objetivo é adotada a metodologia fuzzy, com a aplicação de otimização de cortes-α. Essa técnica é utilizada na presença de informações vagas ou imprecisas acerca da aleatoriedade presente. Nesse estudo projetam-se, através do método dos elementos finitos, estruturas em forma de placa e casca de material compósito laminado com atuadores e sensores piezelétricos acoplados, controlados pelos reguladores Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) e Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG). Inicialmente são realizados estudos de otimização para encontrar a melhor localização dos componentes piezelétricos pelos Gramianos de controlabilidade e observabilidade, assim como os fatores de ponderação das leis de controle. O desenvolvimento é realizado no espaço modal reduzido visando um melhor desempenho computacional. As métricas escolhidas para avaliação do controle de vibração e análise das saídas incertas do sistema são baseadas nas energias cinética, potencial e elétrica. Também apresentam-se estudos de envelopes relacionados ao deslocamentos e às frequências naturais da estrutura devido às incertezas. Os resultados mostraram que as otimizações por corte-α para tratar números fuzzy nesse tipo de problema são robustas e eficientes, encontrando-se valores extremos das saídas desejadas. Além de ser um método não intrusivo, também pode ser utilizado em problemas com um número elevado de parâmetros incertos como entrada.<br>The possibility of developments of smart structures arises with high performance composite materials improvements, where piezoelectric actuators and sensors are embedded into the structures, following a suitable control laws for vibration attenuation. Multidisciplinary projects are becoming highly complex and sophisticated, involving several sources of uncertainty that should be analyzed and quantified. The main objective for this work is to study the uncertainty propagation in composite laminate structures with embedded piezoelectric actuators and sensors, considering random and/or fuzzy sources for the inputs and design parameters. To accomplish this objective, it is adopted the fuzzy α-cut optimizations methodology. This technique is used when the available information related to the actual randomness is vague or imprecise. In this study, laminated composite shells and plates structures are designed and analyzed by the finite element method, where embedded piezoelectric actuators and sensors controlled by Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) and Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) are present. Initially, optimization analyses are executed to find the best arrangement for the piezoelectric material using controllability and observability Gramians metrics, as well as the best controller parameters. This study is developed in the reduced modal space looking for computational costs savings. The chosen rating metrics for the vibration control and uncertainty analysis are based on kinetic, potential and electrical energies. Structural displacements and natural frequency envelopes due uncertainty are also studied and presented. The results have shown that the fuzzy α-cut optimizations methodology is robust and efficient to find extreme values for the sought outputs. In addition to being a non-intrusive method, it is also able to deal with a large number of uncertain input parameters.
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Fulton, Joseph M. "LQG/LTR optimal attitude control of small flexible spacecraft using free-free boundary conditions." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3219032.
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Hein, Sabine. "MPC/LQG-Based Optimal Control of Nonlinear Parabolic PDEs." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-201000134.
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The topic of this thesis is the theoretical and numerical research of optimal control problems for uncertain nonlinear systems, described by semilinear parabolic differential equations with additive noise, where the state is not completely available.
Based on a paper by Kazufumi Ito and Karl Kunisch, which was published in 2006 with the title "Receding Horizon Control with Incomplete Observations", we analyze a Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach where the resulting linear problems on small intervals are solved with a Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) design. Further we define a performance index for the MPC/LQG approach, find estimates for it and present bounds for the solutions of the underlying Riccati equations.
Another large part of the thesis is devoted to extensive numerical studies for an 1+1- and 3+1-dimensional problem to show the robustness of the MPC/LQG strategy.
The last part is a generalization of the MPC/LQG approach to infinite-dimensional problems.
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Kumar, Tushar. "Characterizing and controlling program behavior using execution-time variance." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/55000.
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Immersive applications, such as computer gaming, computer vision and video codecs, are an important emerging class of applications with QoS requirements that are difficult to characterize and control using traditional methods. This thesis proposes new techniques reliant on execution-time variance to both characterize and control program behavior. The proposed techniques are intended to be broadly applicable to a wide variety of immersive applications and are intended to be easy for programmers to apply without needing to gain specialized expertise. First, we create new QoS controllers that programmers can easily apply to their applications to achieve desired application-specific QoS objectives on any platform or application data-set, provided the programmers verify that their applications satisfy some simple domain requirements specific to immersive applications. The controllers adjust programmer-identified knobs every application frame to effect desired values for programmer-identified QoS metrics. The control techniques are novel in that they do not require the user to provide any kind of application behavior models, and are effective for immersive applications that defy the traditional requirements for feedback controller construction. Second, we create new profiling techniques that provide visibility into the behavior of a large complex application, inferring behavior relationships across application components based on the execution-time variance observed at all levels of granularity of the application functionality. Additionally for immersive applications, some of the most important QoS requirements relate to managing the execution-time variance of key application components, for example, the frame-rate. The profiling techniques not only identify and summarize behavior directly relevant to the QoS aspects related to timing, but also indirectly reveal non-timing related properties of behavior, such as the identification of components that are sensitive to data, or those whose behavior changes based on the call-context.
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Friml, Dominik. "Porovnání H-nekonečno a LQG regulace." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413201.
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This thesis deals with the MIMO system analysis, with a comparison of a different frequency charactersitics, and including singular values characteristic. The H2 and H norms are defined for signals and a MIMO systems. A MIMO optimal control using an LQG, an H2 and an H control is defined and described. Their general advantages, disadvantages and similarities are summed up. An H2 and an H state controller and state observer synthesis is implemented in a MATLAB using linear matrix inequalities. Control of an inverted pendulum is designed using the H optimal cascade control, the H2 state control and the H state control. The results are compared with each other. The theoretical possibility of same H2 and H optimal state controller design is presented.
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Vieira, Alexandre. "Commande optimale des systèmes de complémentarité linéaires." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT064/document.
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Cette thèse se concentre sur la commande optimale des systèmes de complémentarité linéaire (notés LCS). Les LCS sont des systèmes dynamiques définis par des équations différentielles algébriques (ÉDA), où une des variables est définie par un problème de complémentarité linéaire.Ces systèmes se retrouvent dans la modélisation de nombreux phénomènes, tels que les équilibres dynamiques de Nash, les systèmes dynamiques hybrides ou encore la modélisation de circuits électriques. Les propriétés des solutions à ces ÉDA dépendent essentiellement de propriétés que doit vérifier la matrice D présente dans la complémentarité.Ces contraintes de complémentarité posent des problèmes à deux niveaux. Premièrement, l’analyse de ces systèmes dynamiques font souvent appel à des outils pointus, et leurs études laissent encore des questions non résolues. Deuxièmement, la commande optimale pour ces systèmes pose des soucis à cause d’une part de présence éventuelle de l’état dans les contraintes, et d’autre part une violation assurée des qualifications des contraintes qui sont une hypothèse récurrente des problèmes d’optimisation.La recherche de ce manuscrit se concentre sur la commande optimale de ces systèmes. On s’intéresse principalement à la commande quadratique (minimisation d’une fonctionnelle quadratique en l’état et la commande), et à la commande temps minimal. Les résultats se concentrent sur deux pans: d’un côté, on opère une approche analytique du problème afin de trouver des conditions nécessaires d’optimalité (si possible, on démontre qu’elles sont suffisantes) ; dans un deuxième temps, une approche numérique est effectuée, avec le soucis d’obtenir des résultats numériques précis de manière rapide<br>This thesis focuses on the optimal control of Linear Complementarity Systems (LCS). LCS are dynamical systems defined through Differential Algebraic Equations (DAE), where one of the variable is defined by a Linear Complementarity Problem.These systems can be found in the modeling of various phenomena, as Nash equilibria, hybrid dynamical systems or modeling of electrical circuits. Properties of the solution to these DAE essentially depend on properties that the matrix D in the complementarity must meet. These complementarity constraints induce two different challenges. First, the analysis of these dynamical systems often use state of the art tools, and their study still has some unansweredquestions. Second, the optimal control of these systems causes troubles due to on one hand the presence of the state in the constraints, on the other hand the violation of Constraint Qualifications, that are a recurring hypothesis for optimisation problems.The research presented in this manuscript focuses on the optimal control of these systems. We mainly focus on the quadratic optimal control problem (minimisation of a quadratic functional involving the state and the control), and the minimal time control. The results present two different aspects: first, we start with an analytical approach in order to find necessary conditions of optimality (if possible, these conditions are proved to be sufficient); secondly, a numerical approach is tackled, with the aim of getting precise results with a reduced computational time
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Ellis, Graham K. "H∞ and LQG optimal control for the rejection of persistent disturbances: analysis, design and experiment." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37266.
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This dissertation presents a discussion of the asymptotic behavior and estimation structure of the H<sub>∞</sub> central controllers in terms of the well-known behavior of the LQG controller and gives some insight into the physics of the H<sub>∞</sub> controller that is often presented in an unclear manner in the current literature. The connections to LQ game theory that underlie this confusion are discussed. Augmented systems that are typically used in disturbance rejection problems are also analyzed. Additionally, a controlled output equation for disturbance rejection is developed based on the physics of the problem rather than the typical ad hoc approaches of the past. These controlled output equations are also appropriate for LQG compensators. In order to verify the proposed approach, an experiment in harmonic and narrowband disturbance rejection using a simply supported steel plate is presented. Discrete-time LQG, and continuous-time H<sub>∞</sub> and LQG controllers that have been transformed to discrete-time are used to determine the attainable performance of each approach. The results indicate that the H<sub>∞</sub> controller provides more damping than either LQG approach and that discrete-time design procedures are necessary for maximum disturbance rejection.<br>Ph. D.
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Benner, Peter, and Sabine Hein. "Model predictive control based on an LQG design for time-varying linearizations." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-201000221.
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We consider the solution of nonlinear optimal control problems subject to stochastic perturbations with incomplete observations. In particular, we generalize results obtained by Ito and Kunisch in [8] where they consider a receding horizon control (RHC) technique based on linearizing the problem on small intervals. The linear-quadratic optimal control problem for the resulting time-invariant (LTI) problem is then solved using the linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) design. Here, we allow linearization about an instationary reference trajectory and thus obtain a linear time-varying (LTV) problem on each time horizon. Additionally, we apply a model predictive control (MPC) scheme which can be seen as a generalization of RHC and we allow covariance matrices of the noise processes not equal to the identity. We illustrate the MPC/LQG approach for a three dimensional reaction-diffusion system. In particular, we discuss the benefits of time-varying linearizations over time-invariant ones.
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Wang, Jielong. "Efficient and Robust Approaches to the Stability Analysis and Optimal Control of Large-Scale Multibody Systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16170.
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Linearized stability analysis methodologies, system identification algorithms and optimal control approaches that are applicable to large scale, flexible multibody dynamic systems are presented in this thesis.
For stability analysis, two classes of closely related algorithms based on a partial Floquet approach and on an autoregressive approach, respectively, are presented in a common framework that underlines their similarity and their relationship to other methods. The robustness of the proposed approach is improved by using optimized signals that are derived from the proper orthogonal modes of the system. Finally, a signal synthesis procedure based on the identified frequencies and damping rates is shown to be an important tool for assessing the accuracy of the identified parameters; furthermore, it provides a means of resolving the frequency indeterminacy associated with the eigenvalues of the transition matrix for periodic systems.
For system identification, a robust algorithm is developed to construct subspace plant models. This algorithm uniquely combines the methods of minimum realization and subspace identification. It bypasses the computation of Markov parameters because the free impulse response of the system can be directly computed in the present computational environment. Minimum realization concepts were applied to identify the stability and output matrices. On the other hand, subspace identification algorithms construct a state space plant model of linear system by using computationally expensive oblique matrix projection operations. The proposed algorithm avoids this burden by computing the Kalman filter gain matrix and model dependency on external inputs in a small sized subspace. Balanced model truncation and similarity transformation form the theoretical foundation of proposed algorithm. Finally, a forward innovation model is constructed and estimates the input-output behavior of the system within a specified level of accuracy. The proposed system identification algorithms are computationally inexpensive and consist of purely post processing steps that can be used with any multi-physics computational tool or with experimental data.
Optimal control methodologies that are applicable to comprehensive large-scale flexible multibody systems are presented. A classical linear quadratic Gaussian controller is designed, including subspace plant identification, the evaluation of linear quadratic regulator feedback gain and Kalman filter gain matrices and online control implementation.
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Hellander, Anja. "Multi-Hypothesis Motion Planning under Uncertainty Using Local Optimization." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166582.
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Motion planning is defined as the problem of computing a feasible trajectory for an agent to follow. It is a well-studied problem with applications in fields such as robotics, control theory and artificial intelligence. In the last decade there has been an increased interest in algorithms for motion planning under uncertainty where the agent does not know the state of the environment due to, e.g. motion and sensing uncertainties. One approach is to generate an initial feasible trajectory using for example an algorithm such as RRT* and then improve that initial trajectory using local optimization. This thesis proposes a new modification of the RRT* algorithm that can be used to generate initial paths from which initial trajectories for the local optimization step can be generated. Unlike standard RRT*, the modified RRT* generates multiple paths at the same time, all belonging to different families of solutions (homotopy classes). Algorithms for motion planning under uncertainty that rely on local optimization of trajectories can use trajectories generated from these paths as initial solutions. The modified RRT* is implemented and its performance with respect to computation time and number of paths found is evaluated on simple scenarios. The evaluations show that the modified RRT* successfully computes solutions in multiple homotopy classes. Two methods for motion planning under uncertainty, Trajectory-optimized LQG (T-LQG), and a belief space variant of iterative LQG (iLQG) are implemented and combined with the modified RRT*. The performance with respect to cost function improvement, computation time and success rate when following the optimized trajectories for the two methods are evaluated in a simulation study. The results from the simulation studies show that it is advantageous to generate multiple initial trajectories. Some initial trajectories, due to for example passing through narrow passages or through areas with high uncertainties, can only be slightly improved by trajectory optimization or results in trajectories that are hard to follow or with a high collision risk. If multiple initial trajectories are generated the probability is higher that at least one of them will result in an optimized trajectory that is easy to follow, with lower uncertainty and lower collision risk than the initial trajectory. The results also show that iLQG is much more computationally expensive than T-LQG, but that it is better at computing control policies to follow the optimized trajectories.
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Suwit, Pulthasthan Information Technology & Electrical Engineering Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Optimal placement of sensor and actuator for sound-structure interaction system." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38741.
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This thesis presents the practical and novel work in the area of optimal placement of actuators and sensors for sound-structure interaction systems. The work has been done by the author during his PhD candidature. The research is concentrated in systems with non-ideal boundary conditions as in the case in practical engineering applications. An experimental acoustic cavity with five walls of timber and a thin aluminium sheet fixed tightly on the cavity mouth is chosen in this thesis as a good representation of general sound-structure interaction systems. The sheet is intentionally so fixed that it does not satisfy ideal boundary conditions. The existing methods for obtaining optimal sensor-actuator location using analytic models with ideal boundary conditions are of limited use for such problem with non-ideal boundary conditions. The method presented in this thesis for optimal placement of actuators and sensors is motivated by energy based approach and model uncertainty inclusion. The optimal placement of actuator and sensor for the experimental acoustic cavity is used to construct a robust feedback controller based on minimax LQG control design method. The controller is aimed to reduce acoustic potential energy in the cavity. This energy is due to the structure-borne sound inside the sound-structure interaction system. Practical aspects of the method for optimal placement of actuator and sensors are highlighted by experimental vibration and acoustic noise attenuation for arbitrary disturbance using feedback controllers with optimal placement of actuator and sensor. The disturbance is experimentally set to enter the system via a spatial location different from the controller input as would be in any practical applications of standard feedback disturbance rejections. Experimental demonstration of the novel methods presented in this thesis attenuate structural vibration up to 13 dB and acoustic noise up to 5 dB for broadband frequency range of interest. This attenuation is achieved without the explicit knowledge of the model of the disturbance.
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Nielsen, Jerel Bendt. "Robust Visual-Inertial Navigation and Control of Fixed-Wing and Multirotor Aircraft." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7584.
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With the increased performance and reduced cost of cameras, the robotics community has taken great interest in estimation and control algorithms that fuse camera data with other sensor data.In response to this interest, this dissertation investigates the algorithms needed for robust guidance, navigation, and control of fixed-wing and multirotor aircraft applied to target estimation and circumnavigation.This work begins with the development of a method to estimate target position relative to static landmarks, deriving and using a state-of-the-art EKF that estimates static landmarks in its state.Following this estimator, improvements are made to a nonlinear observer solving part of the SLAM problem.These improvements include a moving origin process to keep the coordinate origin within the camera field of view and a sliding window iteration algorithm to drastically improve convergence speed of the observer.Next, observers to directly estimate relative target position are created with a circumnavigation guidance law for a multirotor aircraft.Taking a look at fixed-wing aircraft, a state-dependent LQR controller with inputs based on vector fields is developed, in addition to an EKF derived from error state and Lie group theory to estimate aircraft state and inertial wind velocity.The robustness of this controller/estimator combination is demonstrated through Monte Carlo simulations.Next, the accuracy, robustness, and consistency of a state-of-the-art EKF are improved for multirotors by augmenting the filter with a drag coefficient, partial updates, and keyframe resets.Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the improved accuracy and consistency of the augmented filter.Lastly, a visual-inertial EKF using image coordinates is derived, as well as an offline calibration tool to estimate the transforms needed for accurate, visual-inertial estimation algorithms.The imaged-based EKF and calibrator are also shown to be robust under various conditions through numerical simulation.
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Regent, David. "Algoritmy optimálního řízení pohonu se stejnosměrným motorem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217702.
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Master‘s thesis contains the issue of positional control of the separate exciting DC motor. In the work is the creation of mathematical model. Next theme of document are questions of optimal control and method of solution LQ controler. The work is also a proposal state observer.
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Khezami, Nadhira. "Commande multimodèle optimale des éoliennes : application à la participation des éoliennes au réglage de la fréquence." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675623.
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La forte et rapide croissance de l'énergie éolienne à travers le monde a nécessité la mise en vigueur de nouveaux critères normalisés permettant de l'intégrer dans les réseaux électriques sans affecter la qualité et la stabilité du système, et qui peuvent demander aux éoliennes de participer au réglage de la fréquence dans les réseaux en cas de besoin. Ainsi, les travaux présentés dans cette thèse visent à proposer une solution de loi de commande qui permette aux éoliennes de participer au réglage de la fréquence du réseau. En analysant les limites des correcteurs classiques de types P, PI et PID, nous avons opté pour la commande LQ munie d'une approche multimodèle et qui a montré de bonnes performances aux résultats de simulation. Certaines améliorations ont été ajoutées à cette loi de commande du genre modèle de référence, action intégrale, ... afin de permettre une poursuite de puissance autour d'une référence donnée qui change selon la fréquence du réseau
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Yeung, Deryck. "Maximally smooth transition: the Gluskabi raccordation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42756.
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The objective of this dissertation is to provide a framework for constructing a transitional behavior, connecting any two trajectories from a set with a particular characteristic, in such a way that the transition is as inconspicuous as possible. By this we mean that the connection is such that the characteristic behavior persists during the transition. These special classes include stationary solutions, limit cycles etc. We call this framework the Gluskabi raccordation. This problem is motivated from physical applications where it is often desired to steer a system from one stationary solution or periodic orbit to another in a ̒smooth̕ way. Examples include motion control in robotics, chemical process control and quasi-stationary processes in thermodynamics, etc. Before discussing the Gluskabi raccordations of periodic behaviors, we first study several periodic phenomena. Specifically, we study the self- propulsion of a number of legless, toy creatures based on differential friction under periodic excitations. This friction model is based on viscous friction which is predominant in a wet environment. We investigate the effects of periodic and optimal periodic control on locomotion. Subsequently, we consider a control problem of a stochastic system, under the basic constraint that the feedback control signal and the observations from the system cannot use the communication channel simultaneously. Hence, two modes of operation result: an observation mode and a control mode. We seek an optimal periodic regime in a statistical steady state by switching between the observation and the control mode. For this, the duty cycle and the optimal gains for the controller and observer in either mode are determined.
We then investigate the simplest special case of the Gluskabi raccordation, namely the quasi-stationary optimal control problem. This forces us to revisit the classical terminal controller. We analyze the performance index as the control horizon increases to infinity. This problem gives a good example where the limiting operation and integration do not commute. Such a misinterpretation can lead to an apparent paradox. We use symmetrical components (the parity operator) to shed light on the correct solution.
The main part of thesis is the Gluskabi raccordation problem. We first use several simple examples to introduce the general framework. We then consider the signal Gluskabi raccordation or the Gluskabi raccordation without a dynamical system. Specifically, we present the quasi-periodic raccordation where we seek the maximally ̒smooth̕ transitions between two periodic signals. We provide two methods, the direct and indirect method, to construct these transitions. Detailed algorithms for generating the raccordations based on the direct method are also provided. Next, we extend the signal Gluskabi raccordation to the dynamic case by considering the dynamical system as a hard constraint. The behavioral modeling of dynamical system pioneered by Willems provides the right language for this generalization. All algorithms of the signal Gluskabi raccordation are extended accordingly to produce these ̒smooth̕ transition behaviors.
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Papazian, Jean-Charles. "Optimisation de la chaine de traction d'un véhicule électrique." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0100.
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Les objectifs de ce travail consistent à diminuer la consommation énergétique d'un véhicule électrique. Après avoir modélisé la chaîne de traction incluant un moteur asynchrone, un onduleur triphasé et sa commande ainsi que la mécanique, deux voies d'optimisation sont abordais. La première consiste à optimiser la commande en amont de l'onduleur. Différentes familles de commandes sont alors développées. La première commande optimise un critère sur une durée instantanée. Elle a été simulée, puis implantée sur véhicule. Elle apporte un gain d'autonomie significatif (quelques pourcents) et diminue la variation d'un cycle de conduite à l'autre. La seconde commande optimise un critère sur une durée plus longue. Sous certaines hypothèses, c'est un retour d'état linéaire avec un critère quadratique (commande LQ). Des premiers résultats de simulation font apparaître des autonomies supérieures à celles obtenues avec la première famille. La seconde voie consiste et optimiser la commande au niveau de l'onduleur. Une commande minimisant les pertes de l'onduleur est déterminée à partir des résultats de simulation. L'association d'un contrôle direct du couple et d'une commande en pleine onde à hautes vitesses diminue les pertes totales de l'onduleur de manière importante (quelques tourments de la puissance nominale)
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Berdozzi, Nicolò. "Modelling, parameters optimization and control of a Series Elastic Actuator for collaborative robotic applications." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
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In classical robotic applications, actuators are preferred to be as stiff as possible to make precise position movements or trajectory tracking control easier. The superior power-to-weight ratio, force-to-weight ratio, compliance, and control of muscle, when compared with traditional robotic actuators, are the main barriers for the development of machines that can match the motion, safety, and energy efficiency of human or other animals. One of the key differences of these systems is the compliance or spring-like behaviour found in biological System.The capability to store and release energy is the game-changing factor in these fields. Collaborative robots are machines specifically designed to share the workspace and cooperate with the human operator in a safe manner.To guarantee safety also in presence of sensor/control faults and enhance physical human-robot interaction, a recent research trend is investigating the possibility to replace traditional stiff actuators with innovative compliant actuators.Collaborative robots equipped with compliant actuators have been demonstrated to be very effective for safe human-robot physical interaction.Current robotic systems with compliant actuators have many different implementations with different principles.The ambition of this thesis is to identify a reasoned strategy to approach the compliant actuator design systematically from the analysis of the desired task to derived use-cases.This thesis gives insights of the design process from the analysis of the desired tasks identifying the relevant attributes and their influence on the selection of different components such as motors, sensors, and springs. Furthermore, the design contradictions during the engineering process are explained in order to find the best suiting solution for the given purpose.Finally, the dependencies of control, models, sensor setup, and sensor quality are addressed.
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Karakas, Deniz. "Nonlinear Modeling And Flight Control System Design Of An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608926/index.pdf.
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The nonlinear simulation model of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in MATLAB®<br>/Simulink®<br>environment is developed by taking into consideration all the possible major system components such as actuators, gravity, engine, atmosphere, wind-turbulence models, as well as the aerodynamics components in the 6 DOF equations of motion. Trim and linearization of the developed nonlinear model are accomplished and various related analyses are carried out. The model is validated by comparing with a similar UAV data in terms of open loop dynamic stability characteristics. Using two main approaches<br>namely, classical and optimal, linear controllers are designed. For the classical approach, Simulink Response Optimization (SRO) tool of MATLAB®<br>/Simulink®<br>is utilized, whereas for the optimal controller approach, linear quadratic (LQ) controller design method is implemented, again by the help of the tools put forth by MATLAB®<br>. The controllers are designed for control of roll, heading, coordinated turn, flight path, pitch, altitude, and airspeed, i.e., for the achievement of all low-level control functions. These linear controllers are integrated into the nonlinear model, by carrying out gain scheduling with respect to airspeed and altitude, controller input linearization regarding the perturbed states and control inputs, and anti integral wind-up scheme regarding the possible wind-up of the integrators in the controller structures. The responses of the nonlinear model controlled with the two controllers are compared based on the military flight control requirements. The advantages and disadvantages of these two frequently used controllers in industry are investigated and discussed. These results are to be evaluated by the designers themselves based on the design criteria of a project that is worked on.
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Mrázek, Michal. "Adaptivní optimální regulátory s principy umělé inteligence v prostředí MATLAB - B&R." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217556.
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Master’s thesis describes adaptive optimal controller design which change parameters of algorithm based on the system information regard for optimal criterion. Generally, the optimal controller solves the problem of minimum states vector. Problems of desired value and steady-state error are solved by variation in optimization algorithm.
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Ma, Chen. "Application of LQR and H2-optimal control for a quadrotor system." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/11717.
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A quadrotor is a type of small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with four rotors. Various control techniques have been successfully applied to the quadrotor. In this thesis, two control methods, including linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and H2-optimal control, are applied to the autonomous navigation and control of a quadorotor named QBall-X4 that is developed by Quanser.
The continuous-time dynamic model is established using the Euler-Lagrange approach. Due to the nonlinearities in the quadrotor dynamics, we propose a simplified linear model, which is further used for the controller design in this thesis.
According to the simplified quadrotor dynamics, we design an LQR controller to regulate the quadrotor system from its initial position to the desired position. The effectiveness of the controller is verified by simulation studies. However, the LQR control system is operated in the nominal model, and it can not present guaranteed performance when system uncertainties exist.
The main emphasis is placed on designing an H2-optimal controller that minimizes the H2-norm of the transfer function. The solution is obtained by using the state-space approach and linear matrix inequality (LMI) method, respectively. In contrast to LQR control method, which is normally applied to a system with no disturbance, the H2-optimal controller takes the form of an observer together with a state feedback control gain to deal with the system uncertainties and disturbances. The simulation results and experimental study verify that the proposed H2-optimal controller is an effective option for the quadrotor with the attendance of uncertainties and disturbances.<br>Graduate
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Chou, Ming-Shan. "Optimal cruise control of heavy-haul trains equipped with electronic controlled pneumatic brake systems." Diss., 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24857.
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In this study a closed-loop cruise controller to minimise the running costs of the heavy-haul train is proposed. The running costs of a heavy-haul train are dependent on its travelling time, maintenance costs and energy consumption during the trip. The Coallink train with the new train technologies, Distributed Power (DP) traction and Electronically Controlled Pneumatic (ECP) brake system, is the centre of the study. A literature study on existing train control, both passenger and heavy-haul trains, is carried out to build up a knowledge base. Many different techniques for train handling were observed, their features in relation to heavy-haul ECP trains are discussed. From these backgrounds, a comprehensive longitudinal train model is proposed and successfully validated with real-life data from Spoornet. In the model, both static and dynamic in-train forces are studied, as well as energy consumption. This is possible by modelling each locomotive and wagon as an individual unit. The equations of motion for the train with coupled units and additional non-linearities, such as traction power limits, are considered. An open-loop controller for maintaining equilibrium velocity is designed. During transient velocity changes, a transient controller for calculating the required additional acceleration and deceleration is designed and validated. Because locomotive traction settings are only available in discrete notches, quantisation conversion from force into notches results in input chattering. In addition, during brake to traction transitions, the locomotives receive a sudden traction demand which results in spikes in in-train forces. To avoid these problems, input filtering is performed for these inputs. Closed-loop controllers based on LQR method, optimised for in-train forces, energy consumption and velocity regulation respectively, are designed and compared. To overcome the communication constraints, a fencing concept is introduced whereby the controller is reconfigured adaptively to the current track topology. Different train configurations in terms of availability of additional control channels for both traction and braking are compared, as well as their effects on dynamic and static in-train force. These configurations are unified, distributed and individual traction and brake controls. The results from these different configurations are compared to recorded train data and given in this study. From the results, it is found that the closed-loop controller optimised for in-train force is able to provide the best overall improvement out of the three controllers.<br>Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2007.<br>Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering<br>Unrestricted
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Terblanche, Marthinus Christoffel. "System identification and optimal control of a small-scale unmanned helicopter / Marthinus Christoffel Terblanche." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/12202.
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The use of rotary winged unmanned aerial vehicles in military and civilian applications is rapidly
increasing. The primary objective of this study is to develop an automatic flight control system for a
radio controlled (RC) helicopter. There is a need for a simple, easy to use methodology to develop
automatic flight controllers for first-flight. In order to make the work accessible to new research
groups without physical helicopter platforms, a simulation environment is created for validation.
The size 30 RC helicopter in AeroSIMRC is treated as the final target platform. A grey box, timedomain
system identification method is used to estimate a linear state space model that operates
around hover. Identifying the unknown parameters in the model is highly dependent on the initial
guess values and the input data. The model is divided into subsystems to make estimation possible.
A cascaded controller approach is followed. The helicopter’s fast angular dynamics are separated
from the slower translational dynamics. A linear quadratic regulator is used to control the
helicopter’s attitude dynamics. An optimised PID outer-loop generates attitude commands from a
given inertial position trajectory. The PID controllers are optimised using a simplex search method.
An observer estimates the unmeasured states such as blade flapping. The controller is developed in
Simulink®, and a plug-in written for AeroSIMRC enables Simulink® to control the simulator
through a UDP interface to validate the model and controller.
The identified state space model is able to accurately model the flight data from the simulator. The
controllers perform well, keeping the helicopter stable even in the presence of considerable
disturbances. The attitude controller’s performance is validated using an aeronautical design
standard (ADS-33E-PRF) for handling qualities. The trajectory tracking is validated in a series of
simulator flight tests. The linear controller is able to sustain stable flight in constant winds of up to
60% of the helicopter’s maximum airspeed.<br>MIng (Computer and Electronic Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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Kassas, Zaher. "Optimal [H-2] and [H-infinity] control of extremely large segmented telescopes." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-08-1618.
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Extremely large telescopes (ELTs) are the next generation of ground-based reflecting telescopes of optical wavelengths. ELTs possess an aperture of more than 20 meters and share a number of common features, particularly the use of a segmented primary mirror and the use of adaptive optics systems. In 2005, the European Southern Observatory introduced a new giant telescope concept, named the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT), which is scheduled for operation in 2018. The E-ELT will address key scientific challenges and will aim for a number of notable firsts, including discovering Earth-like planets around other stars in the ``habitable zones'' where life could exist, attempting to uncover the relationship between black holes and galaxies, measuring the properties of the first stars and galaxies, and probing the nature of dark matter and dark energy. In 2009, a feasibility study, conducted by National Instruments, proved the feasibility of the real-time (RT) control system architecture for the E-ELT's nearly 1,000 mirror segments with 3,000 actuators and 6,000 sensors. The goal of the RT control system was to maintain a perfectly aligned field of mirrors at all times with a loop-time of 1 ms. The study assumed a prescribed controller algorithm. This research report prescribes the optimal controller algorithms for large segmented telescopes. In this respect, optimal controller designs for the primary mirror of the E-ELT, where optimality is formulated in the [H-2] and [H-infinity] frameworks are derived. Moreover, the designed controllers are simulated to show that the desired performance metrics are met.<br>text
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Roszak, Bartek. "Linear-time invariant Positive Systems: Stabilization and the Servomechanism Problem." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/32018.
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Positive systems, which carry the well known property of confining the state, output, and/or input variables to the nonnegative orphant, are of great practical importance, as the nonnegative property occurs quite frequently in numerous applications and in nature. These type of systems frequently occur in hydrology where they are used to model natural and artificial networks of reservoirs; in biology where they are used to describe the transportation, accumulation, and drainage processes of elements and compounds like hormones, glucose, insulin, and metals; and in stocking, industrial, and engineering systems where chemical reactions, heat exchanges, and distillation processes take place.
The interest of this dissertation is in two key problems: positive stabilization and the positive servomechanism problem. In particular, this thesis outlines the necessary and sufficient conditions for the stabilization of positive linear time-invariant (LTI) systems using state feedback control, along with providing an algorithm for constructing such a stabilizing regulator. Moreover, the results on stabilization also encompass the two problems of the positive separation principle and stabilization via observer design. The second, and most emphasized, problem of this dissertation considers the positive servomechanism problem for both single-input single-output (SISO) and multi-input multi-output (MIMO) stable positive LTI systems. The study of the positive servomechanism problem focuses on the tracking problem of nonnegative constant reference signals for unknown/known stable SISO/MIMO positive LTI systems with nonnegative unmeasurable/measurable constant disturbances via switching tuning clamping regulators (TcR), linear quadratic clamping regulators (LTQcR), and ending with MPC control. Finally, all theoretical results on the positive servomechanism problem are justified via numerous experimental results on a waterworks system.
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Hein, Sabine. "MPC/LQG-Based Optimal Control of Nonlinear Parabolic PDEs." Doctoral thesis, 2009. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A19266.
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The topic of this thesis is the theoretical and numerical research of optimal control problems for uncertain nonlinear systems, described by semilinear parabolic differential equations with additive noise, where the state is not completely available.
Based on a paper by Kazufumi Ito and Karl Kunisch, which was published in 2006 with the title "Receding Horizon Control with Incomplete Observations", we analyze a Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach where the resulting linear problems on small intervals are solved with a Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) design. Further we define a performance index for the MPC/LQG approach, find estimates for it and present bounds for the solutions of the underlying Riccati equations.
Another large part of the thesis is devoted to extensive numerical studies for an 1+1- and 3+1-dimensional problem to show the robustness of the MPC/LQG strategy.
The last part is a generalization of the MPC/LQG approach to infinite-dimensional problems.
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"Combined [eta][infinity]/LQG control via the optimal projection equations : on minimizing the LQG cost bound." Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/1211.
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Denis Mustafa.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 12-13).<br>In title [eta] is original Greek letter and [infinity] is symbol. "September 5, 1990, Revised January 18, 1991." Caption title.<br>Research supported by Commonwealth Fund under its Harness Fellowships Program. Research supported by the AFOSR. AFOSR-89-0276
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Huang, Hui-Chin, and 黃匯欽. "Using VCM to Reduce Optical Disk Vibration with LQG Control." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77713611230381257155.
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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>電機與控制工程系所<br>94<br>Unbalanced disks in rotation will lead to the main vibration of an optical disk drive. Passive vibration absorbers are usually used in current optical disk drives to suppress vibration. Generally, optical disk drives have to make a disk spin at multiple speeds by different read/write conditions. However, the passive vibration absorber only suppresses vibration at a specific rotating speed and may excite vibration at other speeds. This study uses a linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) to control VCM for active vibration absorbers. Using active vibration absorbers to reduce disk drive vibration at multiple rotating speed.
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Jen, Hsu Shou, and 徐守仁. "Optimal Thermal Control Using a Combination of Adaptive Input Estimation and LQG Method." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36887041475614350858.
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博士<br>國防大學中正理工學院<br>國防科學研究所<br>96<br>This research is applying the adaptive input estimation method (AIEM), combined with the second-order linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control algorithm, to the inverse heat conduction estimation and heat dissipation mechanism design, with regard to the gun barrel of national defense technology and the central processing unit (CPU) of semiconductor technology.
The adaptive input estimation method is composed of the Kalman filter (KF) and the adaptive weighted recursive least square estimator (AWRLSE). Under the circumstances that the system process error is taken into account, the Kalman filter can inversely estimate the time-varying heat flux in the core of the measured component precisely by measuring a set of outer temperature values. It can further estimate the overall temperature field of the component in real time. Combining with the control theory, the optimal heat dissipation quantity can be determined to obtain the anticipated temperature control of the system.
The investigation goes through the experimental and numerical simulation approaches under the simulation tests of free convection and multi-forced convection environments to analyze the states of time-varying thermal effects. The results show that this method can precisely estimate the unknown time-varying heat source in the heat conduction problems in real time. Combining with the optimal control theory, it can provide the rapid converged and effectively adjusted control gain to keep the temperature within the anticipated range. The optimal temperature control parameters obtained by using this method can be provided as a reference for the improvements in the active thermal control aspect of present temperature control systems and the future temperature control system development.
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Hein, Sabine [Verfasser]. "MPC/LQG-based optimal control of nonlinear parabolic PDEs / eingereicht von Sabine Hein, geb. Görner." 2009. http://d-nb.info/1002473780/34.
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"Analysis and LQ-optimal control of infinite-dimensional semilinear systems : application to a plug flow reactor." Université catholique de Louvain, 2005. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-11302005-154241/.
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