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1
K.Thamizhmaran. "Optimization Link Sate Routing Analysis with Destination Sequenced Distance Vector for MANET." Journal of Research in Electrical Power System 1, no. 1 (2025): 31–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15210274.
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<em>Every node functions as a router, finding and maintaining routes to other nodes in the network to let them know about their benefits. However, security, energy, and transmission are still disadvantages. In a mobile setting, routing is handled via a variety of protocols. Routing protocol performance is a critical issue due to its extremely dynamic nature. The two well-known protocols that will be the subject of this study are the Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) protocols. When the routing protocols are built using NS2.34, the simulation result demonstrates the best routing protocol that offers the best performance. A notable attack in this study is the node isolation attack, which is a denial-of-service (DDOS) attack against the Optimized Link State Routing protocol (OLSR). Two ad hoc routing protocols are compared in the simulation: destination-sequenced distance vector and optimal link state routing methods. We give simulation-based comparison and performance analysis on multiple factors, including throughput, normalized routing overhead, and average end-to-end delay.</em>
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K., Thamizhmaran. "Performance Comparison of Routing Protocols in Manet." Advancement and Research in Instrumentation Engineering 8, no. 1 (2024): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14499014.
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<em>All nodes work as routers on take path in discovery and maintenance of routes to other nodes in the network to know their advantages are more, still drawbacks are security, energy and transmission. In a mobile environment, routing is handled by a variety of protocols. Routing protocol performance is a critical issue due to its highly dynamic nature. The two well-known protocols that will be the subject of this project are the Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) protocols. The simulation result shows the optimal routing protocol that provides the highest performance when the routing protocols are implemented using NS2.34. One significant attack in this project is a denial-of-service (DDOS) attack against the Optimized Link State Routing protocol (OLSR), also known as the node isolation attack. Destination-sequenced distance vector and optimized link state routing protocols are the two ad hoc routing protocols that are compared in the simulation. Simulation-based comparison and performance analysis on various parameters, such as average end-to-end delay, throughput, and normalized routing overhead, are presented in our project.</em>
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Dr., P. Venkatasubramanian. "Cooperative Analysis of Reactive Routing Protocols Attacks in Manet." Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical Engineering 6, no. 1 (2023): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10431960.
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<em>All nodes work as routers on take path in discovery and maintenance of routes to other nodes in the network to know there advantages are more, still drawbacks are security, energy and transmission. In a mobile context, there are various methods for managing routing. The performance of routing protocols is a critical issue due to their extremely dynamic nature. This project will focus on two well-known protocols: Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) and Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) Protocols. In this project One major attack is DDOS attack against the Optimized Link State Routing protocol (OLSR) known as the node isolation attack, the simulation result presents the best routing protocol which gives the highest performance when the routing protocols are implemented using NS2.34. Destination-sequenced distance vector and optimal link state routing protocols are two ad hoc routing protocols that are compared in this simulation. In this project, we compare and analyze performance using simulation for various factors, including average end-to-end latency, throughput, and normalized routing overhead.</em>
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Kebebew, Ababu Yitayih. "Adaptive Group-based QoS Aware Link State Proactive Multipath Routing for Large-Scale MANETs (GMP-OLSR)." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 13, no. 8 (2020): 893–906. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2020/v13i08/149813.
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Abstract <strong>Objectives:</strong> To propose a group-based QoS aware proactive multipath routing based on OLSR protocol. <strong>Methodology:</strong> This work proposes a group-based proactive multipath routing based on the OLSR protocol, which is designed to be adaptive for a big crowded Mobile Ad-hoc Network to satisfy the desire for real-time multimedia applications. This approach will restrict mobile nodes to be participated in the cluster head selection process based on the mobility and energy of a node. It uses a grouping strategy to manage the network topology and performing route maintenance, and preserve multiple prioritized routes with the support of Quality of Service (QoS) aware computation. <strong>Findings:</strong> The study evaluated the performance of the proposed group-based QoS aware multipath Optimal Link State Routing (GMP-OLSR) routing through the OMNET++ network simulation environment. Within different network density, the proposed approach offered a significant reduction in end to end delay, overhead and an increment in data packet delivery ratio <strong>Applications:</strong> Using an appropriate groupbased QoS aware multipath routing strategy for mobile ad hoc networks provides better performance and improves the services of mobile applications. <strong>Keywords:</strong> MANET, GMP-OLSR, Clustering, Multipath Routing, QoS Aware Routing.
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Ahmed, Waleed Khalid, Mohd Nazri bin Mohd Warip, Mohamed ElshaikhElobaid Said Ahmed, and Phaklen Ehkan. "Multipoint Relay Path for Efficient Topology Maintenance Algorithm in Optimized Link State Routing-Based for VANET." International journal of Computer Networks & Communications 16, no. 1 (2024): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijcnc.2024.16108.
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The Optimal Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol employs multipoint relay (MPR) nodes to disseminate topology control (TC) messages, enabling network topology discovery and maintenance. However, this approach increases control overhead and leads to wasted network bandwidth in stable topology scenarios due to fixed flooding periods. To address these challenges, this paper presents an Efficient Topology Maintenance Algorithm (ETM-OLSR) for Enhanced Link-State Routing Protocols. By reducing the number of MPR nodes, TC message generation and forwarding frequency are minimized. Furthermore, the algorithm selects a smaller subset of TC messages based on the changes in the MPR selection set from the previous cycle, adapting to stable and fluctuating network conditions. Additionally, the sending cycle of TC messages is dynamically adjusted in response to network topology changes. Simulation results demonstrate that the ETM-OLSR algorithm effectively reduces network control overhead, minimizes end-to-end delay, and improves network throughput compared to traditional OLSR and HTR-OLSR algorithms.
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Steven, Raj N., and Maktedar Dhananjay. "QoS Aware Cross Layer for SIP Based VoIP Over Enhanced OLSR Routing Protocol in Hybrid Wireless Network." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 9, no. 3 (2020): 1581–98. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.C4684.029320.
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To improve SIP signal execution in MANET, routing parameters must be powerfully balanced through SIP methods dependent on a set equal for execution improvement measurements to help the SIP signal framework. In this manner, the presentation of the Optimal Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) is to be additionally improved. In MANET, vitality is a key anxiety for secure communication, making it conceivable to avoid enemies or childish hubs since the system. In term of this paper, the projected secure as well as QoS based energy aware multipath routing in MANET. In support of multipath path collection, we have provided the Optimal Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) algorithm. Energy efficient multipath routes are designated on the system using this method. Afterward a quantity of transactions, a route may misplace its connection quality. Hence the optimal path is selected to the paths installed on the system utilizing the Spider Monkey Optimization (SMO) algorithm. At last the presentation measurements of our planned SMO-OLSR task are contrasted and the current OLSR. SMOOLSR used for hybrid wireless network for efficient communication. The reproduction results demonstrate that the presentation of our planned work, the packet delivery rate, the delay, and the packet fallout are improved over the existing work. This planned methodology is actualized on the foundation of NS2.
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C., Selvaraj, and Shanthakumari R. "MITIGATING NODE ISOLATION ATTACK IN OLSR PROTOCOL USING DCFM TECHNIQUE." International Journal of Advanced Trends in Engineering and Technology 1, no. 2 (2017): 75–82. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.345990.
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A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of mobile devices which are connected by wireless links without the use of any fixed infrastructures or centralized access points. The Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol is an important proactive routing protocol designed for mobile ad hoc networks. It employs periodic exchange of messages to maintain topology information of the network at each node. Based on topology information, each node is able to calculate the optimal route to a destination. One major DoS attack against the Optimized Link State Routing protocol (OLSR) known as the node isolation attack occurs when topological knowledge of the network is exploited by an attacker who is able to isolate the victim from the rest of the network and subsequently deny communication services to the victim. The proposed method named Denial Contradictions with Fictitious Node Mechanism (DCFM) relies on the internal knowledge acquired by each node during routine routing, and augmentation of virtual (fictitious) nodes. Moreover, DCFM utilizes the same techniques used by the attack in order to prevent it. DCFM successfully prevents the attack, specifically in the realistic scenario in which all nodes in the network are mobile.
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Toutouh, Jamal, José García-Nieto, and Enrique Alba. "Intelligent OLSR Routing Protocol Optimisation for VANETs." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 6, no. 4 (2025): 1884–94. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2012.2188552.
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Recent advances in wireless technologies have given rise to the emergence of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). In such networks, the limited coverage of WiFi and the high mobility of the nodes generate frequent topology changes and network fragmentations. For these reasons, and taking into account that there is no central manager entity, routing packets through the network is a challenging task. Therefore, offering an efficient routing strategy is crucial to the deployment of VANETs. This paper deals with the optimal parameter setting of the optimized link state routing (OLSR), which is a well-known mobile ad hoc network routing protocol, by defining an optimization problem. This way, a series of representative metaheuristic algorithms (particle swarm optimization, differential evolution, genetic algorithm, and simulated annealing) are studied in this paper to find automatically optimal configurations of this routing protocol. In addition, a set of realistic VANET scenarios (based in the city of Málaga) have been defined to accurately evaluate the performance of the network under our automatic OLSR. In the experiments, our tuned OLSR configurations result in better quality of service (QoS) than the standard request for comments (RFC 3626), as well as several human experts, making it amenable for utilization in VANET configurations.
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Raad Hammoodi, Mustafa, and Ravie Chandren Muniyand. "An improved harmony search algorithm for optimized link state routing protocol in vehicular ad hoc network." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.14 (2018): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.14.12820.
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Vehicle Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a direct application of Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET). Nodes in VANET are vehicles that communicate using vehicle to vehicle (V2V) or vehicle to infrastructure (V2I). These types of communications have led to the emergence of various applications that provide safer driving. Due to the high changing of topology and frequent fragmentation of VANET, routing pack-ets in this type of network is a hard task. In this work, the authors deal with the well-known MANET proactive Optimized Link State Rout-ing protocol (OLSR). The deployment of OLSR in VANET gives the moderate performance; this is due to its necessity of constant ex-changing of control packets. The performance of OLSR is highly dependent on its parameters, thus finding optimal parameters configura-tions that best fit VANETs environment and improves the network is essential before its deployment. Therefore, this research proposes a modified Harmony Search optimization (HSO) by incorporating selection methods in its memory consideration; roulette wheel selection to obtain fine-tuned OLSR for high density and velocity scenario. The experimental analysis showed that the OLSR with the proposed ap-proach acquired promising results regarding packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay and overhead when compared with previous approaches.
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Chandren Muniyandi, Ravie, Mohammad Kamrul Hasan, Mustafa Raad Hammoodi, and Ali Maroosi. "An Improved Harmony Search Algorithm for Proactive Routing Protocol in VANET." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (February 27, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6641857.
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Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) is the direct application of mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) in which the nodes represent vehicles moving in a city or highway scenario. The deployment of VANET relies on routing protocols to transmit the information between the nodes. Different routing protocols that have been designed for MANET were proposed to be applied in VANET. However, the real-time implementation is still facing challenges to fulfill the quality of service (QoS) of VANET. Therefore, this study mainly focuses on the well-known MANET proactive optimized link state routing (OLSR) protocol. The OLSR in VANET gives a moderate performance; this is due to its necessity of maintaining an updated routing table for all possible routes. The performance of OLSR is highly dependent on its parameter. Thus, finding optimal parameter configurations that best fit VANET features and improve its quality of services is essential before its deployment. The harmony search (HS) is an emerging metaheuristic optimization algorithm with features of simplicity and exploration efficiency. Therefore, this paper aims to propose an improved harmony search optimization (EHSO) algorithm that considers the configuration of the OLSR parameters by coupling two stages, a procedure for optimization carried out by the EHSO algorithm based on embedding two popular selection methods in its memory, namely, roulette wheel selection and tournament selection. The experimental analysis shows that the proposed approach has achieved the QoS requirement, compared to the existing algorithms.
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Yitayih, Kebebew Ababu, and Mulugeta Libsie. "Towards Developing Enhanced Cluster-Based QoS-Aware Routing in MANET." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2020 (January 11, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5481916.
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Creating dynamic communication infrastructures between mobile devices and satisfying the desires for time-sensitive multimedia applications have introduced new challenges in the design of protocols for mobile ad hoc networks. In this paper, to stream time-sensitive applications using mobile ad hoc network (MANET), we have selected the Optimal Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol. However, the protocol has high overhead because each node selects a set of multipoint relay (MPR) nodes. Therefore, we have proposed quality of service (QoS) supporting the MPR selection approach and a new lower maintenance clustering approach for minimizing the overhead of the network. As a result, the proposed approach showed a better result in the average end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, routing load, and throughput.
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Ahmed, Huda A., and Hamid Ali Abed AL-Asadi. "An Optimized Link State Routing Protocol with a Blockchain Framework for Efficient Video-Packet Transmission and Security over Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks." Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 13, no. 2 (2024): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan13020022.
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A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) necessitates appropriate routing techniques to enable optimal data transfer. The selection of appropriate routing protocols while utilizing the default settings is required to solve the existing problems. To enable effective video streaming in MANETs, this study proposes a novel optimized link state routing (OLSR) protocol that incorporates a deep-learning model. Initially, the input videos are collected from the Kaggle dataset. Then, the black-hole node is detected using a novel twin-attention-based dense convolutional bidirectional gated network (SA_ DCBiGNet) model. Next, the neighboring nodes are analyzed using trust values, and routing is performed using the extended osprey-aided optimized link state routing protocol (EO_OLSRP) technique. Similarly, the extended osprey optimization algorithm (EOOA) selects the optimal feature based on parameters such as node stability and link stability. Finally, blockchain storage is included to improve the security of MANET data using interplanetary file system (IPFS) technology. Additionally, the proposed blockchain system is validated utilizing a consensus technique based on delegated proof-of-stake (DPoS). The proposed method utilizes Python and it is evaluated using data acquired from various mobile simulator models accompanied by the NS3 simulator. The proposed model performs better with a packet-delivery ratio (PDR) of 91.6%, average end delay (AED) of 23.6 s, and throughput of 2110 bytes when compared with the existing methods which have a PDR of 89.1%, AED of 22 s, and throughput of 1780 bytes, respectively.
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Kazakov, Gennady. "Estimation of the Achievable Performance of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks with Optimal Link State Routing." Inventions 8, no. 5 (2023): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions8050108.
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The paper explores the challenges of constructing self-organizing wireless mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) utilizing Optimal Link State Routing (OLSR) with MPR (MultiPoint Relay) optimization and quality control through the RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol). Analytical expressions are presented for calculating the achievable network characteristics, including route acquisition time, network efficiency (routing overhead), packet transmission delay (end-to-end delay), and signal propagation losses between nodes assuming no packet collisions within the network nodes. The possibility of network scalability is analyzed depending on the scenarios of operation and the number of network nodes. Recommendations for the construction and scalability of self-organizing wireless networks are formulated based on the conducted evaluations and calculations.
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Selim, Ibrahim Mohsen, Naglaa Sayed Abdelrehem, Walaa M. Alayed, Hesham M. Elbadawy, and Rowayda A. Sadek. "MANET Routing Protocols’ Performance Assessment Under Dynamic Network Conditions." Applied Sciences 15, no. 6 (2025): 2891. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15062891.
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Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are decentralized wireless networks characterized by dynamic topologies and the absence of fixed infrastructure. These unique features make MANETs critical for applications such as disaster recovery, military operations, and IoT systems. However, they also pose significant challenges for efficient and effective routing. This study evaluates the performance of eight MANET routing protocols: Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR), Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad Hoc On-Demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV), Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA), Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP), and Geographic Routing Protocol (GRP). Using a custom simulation environment in OMNeT++ 6.0.1 with INET-4.5.0, the protocols were tested under four scenarios with varying node densities (20, 80, 200, and 500 nodes). The simulations utilized the Random Waypoint Mobility model to mimic dynamic node movement and evaluated key performance metrics, including network load, throughput, delay, energy consumption, jitter, packet loss rate, and packet delivery ratio. The results reveal that proactive protocols like OLSR are ideal for stable, low-density environments, while reactive protocols such as AOMDV and TORA excel in dynamic, high-mobility scenarios. Hybrid protocols, particularly GRP, demonstrate a balanced approach; achieving superior overall performance with up to 30% lower energy consumption and higher packet delivery ratios compared to reactive protocols. These findings provide practical insights into the optimal selection and deployment of MANET routing protocols for diverse applications, emphasizing the potential of hybrid protocols for modern networks like IoT and emergency response systems.
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Abdellaoui, Ayoub, Yassine Himeur, Omar Alnaseri, et al. "Enhancing Stability and Efficiency in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs): A Multicriteria Algorithm for Optimal Multipoint Relay Selection." Information 15, no. 12 (2024): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info15120753.
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Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are autonomous systems composed of multiple mobile nodes that communicate wirelessly without relying on any pre-established infrastructure. These networks operate in highly dynamic environments, which can compromise their ability to guarantee consistent link lifetimes, security, reliability, and overall stability. Factors such as mobility, energy availability, and security critically influence network performance. Consequently, the selection of paths and relay nodes that ensure stability, security, and extended network lifetimes is fundamental in designing routing protocols for MANETs. This selection is pivotal in maintaining robust network operations and optimizing communication efficiency. This paper introduces a sophisticated algorithm for selecting multipoint relays (MPRs) in MANETs, addressing the challenges posed by node mobility, energy constraints, and security vulnerabilities. By employing a multicriteria-weighted technique that assesses the mobility, energy levels, and trustworthiness of mobile nodes, the proposed approach enhances network stability, reachability, and longevity. The enhanced algorithm is integrated into the Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) and validated through NS3 simulations, using the Random Waypoint and ManhattanGrid mobility models. The results indicate superior performance of the enhanced algorithm over traditional OLSR, particularly in terms of packet delivery, delay reduction, and throughput in dynamic network conditions. This study not only advances the design of routing protocols for MANETs but also significantly contributes to the development of robust communication frameworks within the realm of smart mobile communications.
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Xu, Chun Xin, Fan Bo Meng, Miao Yu, Xiu Jun Zhang, and Yun Feng Guo. "Comparison and Analysis of Routing Protocols Based on OPNET for Fiber-Wireless Broadband Access Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 635-637 (September 2014): 1522–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.635-637.1522.
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As a promising communication technology for smart grid system, Fiber-Wireless (FiWi) broadband access network integrating wireless and optical access technologies, is becoming a promising “last mile” access technology. As the front-end of FiWi broadband access network, Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) has the features of high transmission rate, wide coverage and low cost of networking, etc, which can make FiWi broadband access network have the advantages of self-healing, self-configuring and flexibility. As one of the key technologies in WMN, wireless routing protocols play an important role in the performance optimization of WMN, which directly influence FiWi broadband access network. Thus, this paper mainly studies the routing protocols in WMN based on OPNET network simulation platform. By simulation and analysis, this paper shows that Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol has low data dropped and good performance in network delay. Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol has low network load. Meanwhile, Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol has high network throughput.
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Al-Jabry, Hanadi, and Hamid Al-Asadi. "Enhancing Packet Reliability in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks using a Proposed Distributed Dynamic Cooperative Protocol (DDCP) Routing Algorithm." Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 19, no. 2 (2023): 158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.19.2.18.
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Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) are being extensively utilized in critical applications such as environmental monitoring, surveillance, and healthcare, where the reliable transmission of packets is indispensable for seamless network operation. To address this requirement, this work presents a pioneering Distributed Dynamic Cooperation Protocol (DDCP) routing algorithm. The DDCP algorithm aims to enhance packet reliability in WMSNs by prioritizing reliable packet delivery, improving packet delivery rates, minimizing end-to-end delay, and optimizing energy consumption. To evaluate its performance, the proposed algorithm is compared against traditional routing protocols like Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), as well as proactive routing protocols such as Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR). By dynamically adjusting the transmission range and selecting optimal paths through cooperative interactions with neighboring nodes, the DDCP algorithm offers effective solutions. Extensive simulations and experiments conducted on a wireless multimedia sensor node testbed demonstrate the superior performance of the DDCP routing algorithm compared to AODV, DSR, and OLSR, in terms of packet delivery rate, end-to-end delay, and energy efficiency. The comprehensive evaluation of the DDCP algorithm against multiple routing protocols provides valuable insights into its effectiveness and efficiency in improving packet reliability within WMSNs. Furthermore, the scalability and applicability of the proposed DDCP algorithm for large-scale wireless multimedia sensor networks are confirmed. In summary, the DDCP algorithm exhibits significant potential to enhance the performance of WMSNs, making it a suitable choice for a wide range of applications that demand robust and reliable data transmission.
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Tilwari, Valmik, Kaharudin Dimyati, MHD Hindia, Anas Fattouh, and Iraj Amiri. "Mobility, Residual Energy, and Link Quality Aware Multipath Routing in MANETs with Q-learning Algorithm." Applied Sciences 9, no. 8 (2019): 1582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9081582.
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To facilitate connectivity to the internet, the easiest way to establish communication infrastructure in areas affected by natural disaster and in remote locations with intermittent cellular services and/or lack of Wi-Fi coverage is to deploy an end-to-end connection over Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs). However, the potentials of MANETs are yet to be fully realized as existing MANETs routing protocols still suffer some major technical drawback in the areas of mobility, link quality, and battery constraint of mobile nodes between the overlay connections. To address these problems, a routing scheme named Mobility, Residual energy and Link quality Aware Multipath (MRLAM) is proposed for routing in MANETs. The proposed scheme makes routing decisions by determining the optimal route with energy efficient nodes to maintain the stability, reliability, and lifetime of the network over a sustained period of time. The MRLAM scheme uses a Q-Learning algorithm for the selection of optimal intermediate nodes based on the available status of energy level, mobility, and link quality parameters, and then provides positive and negative reward values accordingly. The proposed routing scheme reduces energy cost by 33% and 23%, end to end delay by 15% and 10%, packet loss ratio by 30.76% and 24.59%, and convergence time by 16.49% and 11.34% approximately, compared with other well-known routing schemes such as Multipath Optimized Link State Routing protocol (MP-OLSR) and MP-OLSRv2, respectively. Overall, the acquired results indicate that the proposed MRLAM routing scheme significantly improves the overall performance of the network.
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Esiefarienrhe, Bukohwo Michael, Thulani Phakathi, and Francis Lugayizi. "Node-Based QoS-Aware Security Framework for Sinkhole Attacks in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks." Telecom 3, no. 3 (2022): 407–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/telecom3030022.
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Most networks strive to provide good security and an acceptable level of performance. Quality of service (QoS) plays an important role in the performance of a network. Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are a decentralized and self-configuring type of wireless network. MANETs are generally challenging and the provision of security and QoS becomes a huge challenge. Many researchers in literature have proposed parallel mechanisms that investigate either security or QoS. This paper presents a security framework that is QoS-aware in MANETs using a network protocol called optimized link state routing protocol (OLSR). Security and QoS targets may not necessarily be similar but this framework seeks to bridge the gap for the provision of an optimal functioning MANET. The framework is evaluated for throughput, jitter, and delay against a sinkhole attack presented in the network. The contributions of this paper are (a) implementation of a sinkhole attack using OLSR, (b) the design and implementation of a lightweight-intrusion detection system using OLSR, and (c) a framework that removes fake routes and bandwidth optimization. The simulation results revealed that the QoS-aware framework increased the performance of the network by more than 70% efficiency in terms of network throughput. Delay and jitter levels were reduced by close to 85% as compared to when the network was under attack.
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Chu, Zhe, Zhijing Ye, Jiamiao Zhao, Linsheng He, and Iftikhar Rasheed. "Novel Framework-Based Routing for Task-Adaptive Mobile Networks of Unmanned Aerial Vehicular." Electronics 11, no. 3 (2022): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11030425.
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Many practical mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) have certain tasks instead of just randomly changing each node’s positions. We call such a mission-driven network task-adaptive MANET. A typical example is the flying ad hoc network (FANET) that consist of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which may change its network topology based on different task requirements. Each node moves to new locations based on the targeted network shape. To maintain a smooth topology transformation and minimize the position changes, during shape change, a MANET typically keeps the core-area nodes more stable and allows the nodes in the outer area of the network to move more drastically. This means the entire network has an approximate framework that reflects the relatively stable nodes located in the core area. This research proposes a new routing scheme to quickly identify the optimal end-to-end path using the network framework extraction result. The proposed routing scheme ensures that the packets flow along the more stable network regions (thus with a lower packet loss rate). The framework extraction scheme is based on network shape geometry analysis for the median axis recognition. Our work has contributions to three aspects of realistic network protocol applications: (1) Provides a network multi-center election and member control methodology with detailed protocol design. (2) Creates a stable and reliable MANET framework extraction algorithm which aids in routing table generation. (3) Real-time Unix system protocol implementation and emulation based on Common Open Research Emulator (CORE) + Extendable Mobile Ad-hoc Network Emulator (EMANE). Simulation results indicate that our framework-based routing scheme outperforms a popularly used mobility-adaptive MANET routing scheme—OLSR (optimized link state routing)—in terms of throughput and delay.
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Permatasari, Ulfa Septilia, and Indrastanti Ratna Widiasari. "Analisis Routing Protokol Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) Pada Raspberry Pi." AITI 16, no. 2 (2020): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24246/aiti.v16i2.151-164.
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Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR)is one of the two standard for mesh networks. OLSR is a link state routing protocol, which use hallo message and topology control (TC) to determine the link state information across the mobile ad-hoc network. OLSR is widely used in the wireless mesh network. Raspberry Pi is a mini computer which can be used as a node router to replace the function of a router in a wireless mesh network. In this research, Raspberry Pi is used as a router nodes to determine the performance of routing protocol OLSR. The parameters used to measure its performance is self-configure time, self-healing and bandwidth usage. The test results showed that the use of routing protocols OLSR on the Raspberry Pi in a wireless mesh network proved able to repair itself if there is a problem on the network since it has ability to self-configure and self-healing.
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Tuli, Esmot Ara, Mohtasin Golam, Dong-Seong Kim, and Jae-Min Lee. "Performance Enhancement of Optimized Link State Routing Protocol by Parameter Configuration for UANET." Drones 6, no. 1 (2022): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6010022.
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The growing need for wireless communication has resulted in the widespread usage of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in a variety of applications. Designing a routing protocol for UAVs is paramount as well as challenging due to its dynamic attributes. The difficulty stems from features other than mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), such as aerial mobility in 3D space and frequently changing topology. This paper analyzes the performance of four topology-based routing protocols, dynamic source routing (DSR), ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV), geographic routing protocol (GRP), and optimized link state routing (OLSR), by using practical simulation software OPNET 14.5. Performance evaluation carries out various metrics such as throughput, delay, and data drop rate. Moreover, the performance of the OLSR routing protocol is enhanced and named “E-OLSR” by tuning parameters and reducing holding time. The optimized E-OLSR settings provide better performance than the conventional request for comments (RFC 3626) in the experiment, making it suitable for use in UAV ad hoc network (UANET) environments. Simulation results indicate the proposed E-OLSR outperforms the existing OLSR and achieves supremacy over other protocols mentioned in this paper.
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K., Thamizhmaran. "Secure Hybrid Shortest Path Algorithm in Mobile Ad hoc Networks for Optimize Link State Routing." Journal of VLSI Design and its Advancement 6, no. 3 (2023): 14–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10082579.
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<i>MANETs are the significant technologies among various air communication technologies where all the nodes are mobile and can be connected dynamically using wireless link in a random manner. All nodes work router and maintain routes to other nodes in the network. In this recent research work, a new system called, Secure Hybrid Shortest Path (SHSP) Routing compare with optimized link state routing (OLSR) proactive routing protocol is designed for MANETs to reduce end-to-end delay, secure hybrid shortest path routing algorithm besides avoiding delay and packet loss, it increases the node speed also. Network Simulator (NS2) is used to simulate the proposed method and implemented in the test system. The new routing protocol named OLSR-SHSP using OLSR is proposed to address the problem. Shortest path system based transmission is highly secure with the lowest delay and packet dropping. All the three scenarios OLSR-SHSP provides better performance compared to the existing system routing protocol by decreasing end-to-end delay, lowering routing overhead and reducing packet drop compared to the OLSR routing protocol. To enhance the merits of this research work, there is a plan to investigate the following issues in the future. However, the same concept can be applied in satellite to reduce end-to-end delay in the route and reduce packet loss, Possibilities of adopting secure quality oriented techniques to further improve the network performance of quality</i>.
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Wheeb, Ali H., Rosdiadee Nordin, Asma’ Abu Samah, and Dimitris Kanellopoulos. "Performance Evaluation of Standard and Modified OLSR Protocols for Uncoordinated UAV Ad-Hoc Networks in Search and Rescue Environments." Electronics 12, no. 6 (2023): 1334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12061334.
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Widespread usage of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in new and emerging applications needs dynamic and adaptive networking. The development of routing protocols for UAV ad hoc networks faces numerous issues because of the unique characteristics of UAVs, such as rapid mobility, frequent changes in network topology, and limited energy consumption. The Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol seems to be a promising solution as it offers improved delay performance. It is expected that OLSR will satisfy the strict demands of real-time UAV applications such as “search and rescue” (SAR) missions as it involves the most recent update of routing information. The classical OLSR routing protocol and its enhanced versions, D-OLSR, ML-OLSR, and P-OLSR, use different techniques to make an appropriate decision for routing packets. These routing techniques consider the quality of a wireless link, type of antenna, load, and mobility-aware mechanism to select the best UAV to send the message to the destination. This study evaluates and examines the performance of the original and modified OLSR routing protocols in UAV ad hoc networks for three SAR scenarios: (1) increasing mobility, (2) increasing scalability, and (3) increasing the allowed space of UAVs. It analyzes and validates the performance of the four OLSR-based routing protocols. It determines the best OSLR routing protocol by taking into account the packet delivery ratio, latency, energy consumption, and throughput. The four routing protocols and the SAR scenarios were simulated using NS-3.32. Based on the simulation results, ML-OLSR outperforms OLSR, D-OLSR, and P-OLSR in the considered measures.
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Jubair, Mohammed Ahmed, Salama A. Mostafa, Ravie Chandren Muniyandi, et al. "Bat Optimized Link State Routing Protocol for Energy-Aware Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks." Symmetry 11, no. 11 (2019): 1409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11111409.
Full textAbstract:
Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) can be described as a group of wireless mobile nodes that form a temporary dynamic and independent infrastructure network or a central administration facility. High energy consumption is one of the main problems associated with the MANET technology. The wireless mobile nodes used in this process rely on batteries because the network does not have a steady power supply. Thus, the rapid battery drain reduces the lifespan of the network. In this paper, a new Bat Optimized Link State Routing (BOLSR) protocol is proposed to improve the energy usage of the Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol in the MANET. The symmetry between OLSR of MANET and Bat Algorithm (BA) is that both of them use the same mechanism for finding the path via sending and receiving specific signals. This symmetry resulted in the BOLSR protocol that determines the optimized path from a source node to a destination node according to the energy dynamics of the nodes. The BOLSR protocol is implemented in a MANET simulation by using MATLAB toolbox. Different scenarios are tested to compare the BOLSR protocol with the Cellular Automata African Buffalo Optimization (CAABO), Energy-Based OLSR (EBOLSR), and the standard OLSR. The performance metric consists of routing overhead ratios, energy consumption, and end-to-end delay which is applied to evaluate the performance of the routing protocols. The results of the tests reveal that the BOLSR protocol reduces the energy consumption and increases the lifespan of the network, compared with the CAABO, EBOLSR, and OLSR.
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Singh, Jaspreet, Gurpreet Singh, Deepali Gupta, Ghulam Muhammad, and Ali Nauman. "OCI-OLSR: An Optimized Control Interval-Optimized Link State Routing-Based Efficient Routing Mechanism for Ad-Hoc Networks." Processes 11, no. 5 (2023): 1419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11051419.
Full textAbstract:
MANET (Mobile Ad hoc Networks) functionality is determined by routing protocols’ ability to adjust to atypical changes in information and communication technologies, topological systems, and connection status. Due to interference, node migration, the growth of several pathways, security, and propagation loss, MANET network configurations are dynamic. The proactive routing protocol enhances the message flow utilized in the neighborhood discovery process by using the multipoint relays (MPR) approach. In order to increase the protocol’s effectiveness and efficiency while maintaining the OLSR protocol’s reliability, the research presented in this paper proposed an improved OCI-OLSR (Optimized Control Interval-Optimized Link State Routing) that focuses on better control interval management, an advanced MPR selection process, reducing neighbor hold time as well as decreasing flooding. The suggested proposed protocol was examined using the NS3 simulator, and it was compared to the standard OLSR version and AODV(Ad-hoc On-Demand Routing) routing protocol. According to the analysis’s findings, the suggested system has a lot of promise in terms of a variety of performance metrics under diverse conditions. Overall, the article makes the case that the OCI-OLSR protocol may enhance the performance of the regular OLSR protocol in wireless ad hoc networks by addressing a number of the protocol’s flaws.
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Rahmadani, Rahmadani. "Analisis Kinerja Protocol OLSR Pada Jaringan Ad Hoc." INFORMATICS FOR EDUCATORS AND PROFESSIONAL : Journal of Informatics 8, no. 1 (2023): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.51211/itbi.v8i1.2513.
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Abstrak: Analisis kinerja dengan menggunakan protocol Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) pada jaringan ad hoc telah didapatkan hasil Quality of Service atau QoS terhadap nilai throughput, packet loss dan delay serta uji performa proses transfer data dilakukan dengan menggunakan software Network Simulator 3 (NS-3) pada sistem operasi Linux Ubuntu, berdasarkan jumlah node yang terus ditambah sesuai dengan skenario pengujian pada jaringan ad hoc. Skenario pengujian dilakukan dengan penambahan node secara bertahap mulai dari 10 node, kemudian ditambahkan menjadi 20 node, sampai berjumlah 40 node. Hasil analisis kinerja protocol Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) serta pengukuran yang didapatkan terhadap nilai throughput, menghasilkan nilai rata-rata sebesar 3.1872 Kbps sehingga termasuk ke dalam kategori bagus. Nilai packet loss menghasilkan rata-rata sebesar 3,48% termasuk kedalam kategori bagus dan nilai delay menghasilkan rata-rata 6.824 ms yang juga masuk ke dalam kategori bagus. Hasil akhir analisis kinerja dengan menggunakan protocol Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) pada jaringan ad hoc telah disajikan dalam bentuk grafik untuk memudahkan proses pengamatan dan penelitian selanjutnya.
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Rani, Seema, and Saurabh Charaya. "Improving the Performance of OLSR in Wireless Networks using Reinforcement Learning Algorithms." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 7s (2023): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i7s.6988.
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The Optimized Link State Routing Protocol is a popular proactive routing protocol used in wireless mesh networks. However, like many routing protocols, OLSR can suffer from inefficiencies and suboptimal performance in certain network conditions. To address these issues, researchers have proposed using reinforcement learning algorithms to improve the routing decisions made by OLSR. This paper explores the use of three RL algorithms - Q-Learning, SARSA, and DQN - to improve the performance of OLSR. Each algorithm is described in detail, and their application to OLSR is explained. In particular, the network is represented as a Markov decision process, where each node is a state, and each link between nodes is an action. The reward for taking an action is determined by the quality of the link, and the goal is to maximize the cumulative reward over a sequence of actions. Q-Learning is a simple and effective algorithm that estimates the value of each possible action in a given state. SARSA is a similar algorithm that takes into account the current policy when estimating the value of each action. DQN uses a neural network to approximate the Q-values of each action in a given state, providing more accurate estimates in complex network environments. Overall, all three RL algorithms can be used to improve the routing decisions made by OLSR. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the application of RL algorithms to OLSR and highlights the potential benefits of using these algorithms to improve the performance of wireless networks.
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Sharma, Vivek, Bashir Alam, and M. N. Doja. "A-OLSR: ANFIS based OLSR to select Multi point relay." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 1 (2019): 646–51. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i1.pp646-651.
Full textAbstract:
The characteristics like dynamic topology, power consumption, mobility etc. may leads to affect the routing process of packet as it progresses from one node to another node. The energy of each node is very limited in MANET’s due to which it becomes an important parameter to be considered while selecting the route. The ‘Optimized Link State Routing Protocol’ (OLSR) does not consider node energy during Multipoint relay (MPR) selection process. This paper proposes an improvement of OLSR routing protocol named as A-OLSR protocol using node energy during its MPR process. The improvement is based on adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The network simulator NS2.35 is used for the simulation, random way point model for mobility and constant bit rate (CBR) for traffic process. The performance of proposed A-OLSR protocol is evaluated using the packet delivery ratio (PDR) and end to end delay metrices. The simulation results prove the superiority of the proposed protocol in terms of PDR.
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M., Belkheir, Rouissat M., Mokaddem A., Bouziani M., and Zerroug A. "LE-OLSR protocol performance evaluation in various energy conditionsof mobile ad-hoc and sensor wireless networks." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 19, no. 3 (2022): 1391–98. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i3.pp1391-1398.
Full textAbstract:
A mobile Ad hoc and sensor wireless network commonly includes various mobile devices and sensors with limited resources. In such network, energy constraint and link stability are the most critical parameters to take into consideration when deploying routing mechanisms, to assure reliable communication between nodes. These requirements are due to the network scalability and the absence of a fixed infrastructure, which may cause a rapid depletion of the nodes batteries and leads onto network link breakages. LE-OLSR (Lifetime Enhancement - Optimized Link State Protocol) is a variant of the existing OLSR. This latter is widely used as routing protocol for mobile ad-hoc and wireless sensor networks. LE-OLSR implements a new load balancing algorithm; it takes into account energy constraints of a node when selecting routers, responsible for forwarding data packets over the entire network. The aim of our work is to study and simulate the LE-OLSR protocol behavior in realistic mobile environments, including scenarios with various residual energy constraints schemes. The performed simulations had shown that LE-OLSR performances decrease compared to the case of ideal mobile network. Nevertheless, LE-OLSR had shown persistence and fair results in the realistic environment. The obtained results show that LE-OLSR protocol is an adequate and a prime solution for dense mobile ad-hoc networks.
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Sharma, Vivek, Bashir Alam, and M. N. Doja. "A-OLSR: ANFIS based OLSR to select Multi point relay." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 1 (2019): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i1.pp646-651.
Full textAbstract:
<span lang="EN-IN">The characteristics like dynamic topology, power consumption, mobility etc. may leads to affect the routing process of packet as it progresses from one node to another node. The energy of each node is very limited in MANET’s due to which it becomes an important parameter to be considered while selecting the route. The ‘Optimized Link State Routing Protocol’ (OLSR) does not consider node energy during Multipoint relay (MPR) selection process. This paper proposes an improvement of OLSR routing protocol named as A-OLSR protocol using node energy during its MPR process. The improvement is based on adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The network simulator NS2.35 is used for the simulation, random way point model for mobility and constant bit rate (CBR) for traffic process. The performance of proposed A-OLSR protocol is evaluated using the packet delivery ratio (PDR) and end to end delay metrices. The simulation results prove the superiority of the proposed protocol in terms of PDR.</span>
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Cheng, Yan Ming, Jing Niu, and Tie Jun Sun. "Study on Performance Comparison of OLSR and AODV Routing Protocols." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 1977–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.1977.
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A Mobile Ad hoc network (MANET) is a network consisting of a set of wireless mobile nodes, in which nodes can communicate with each other without centralized control or established infrastructure. To obtain a better understanding of AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol) and OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing Protocol) routing protocols, different performances are simulated and analyzed using OPNET modeler 14.5 with the various performance metrics, such as PDR (Packet Delivery Ratio), end-to-end delay and routing overhead. Only effect of mobility is analyzed in the paper. As a conclusion, in mobility case, routing overhead is not greatly affected by mobility speed in AODV and OLSR, and the PDR of OLSR is decreased as the node speed increased, while AODV is not changed. As to delay, AODV is always higher than OLSR in both static and mobility cases.
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Wheeb, Ali H., and Nadia Adnan Al-jamali. "Performance Analysis of OLSR Protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 16, no. 01 (2022): 106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v16i01.26663.
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Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) is an efficient routing protocol used for various Ad hoc networks. OLSR employs the Multipoint Relay (MPR) technique to reduce network overhead traffic. A mobility model's main goal is to realistically simulate the movement behaviors of actual users. However, the high mobility and mobility model is the major design issues for an efficient and effective routing protocol for real Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the performance of the OLSR protocol concerning various random and group mobility models. Two simulation scenarios were conducted over four mobility models, specifically the Random Waypoint model (RWP), Random Direction model (RD), Nomadic Community model (NC), and the Reference Point Group Model (RPGM) with a low as well as high random range mobility of the nodes. Moreover, BonnMotion Software and Network simulator NS-3 used to implement the simulation scenarios. Further, the performance of the OLSR protocol analyzed and evaluated based on latency, routing overhead, and packet loss ratio metrics. According to the results, the OLSR protocol provides the best performance over the RWP model in a low mobility environment, whereas the Nomadic mobility model is suitable for OLSR protocol in a high mobility environment.
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Cett, Koay Yong, Nor Aida Mahiddin, Fatin Fazain Mohd Affandi, Raja Hasyifah Raja Bongsu, and Aznida Hayati. "Performance Analysis of OLSR Protocol in Manet Considering Different Mobility Speed and Network Density." International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks 13, no. 6 (2021): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijwmn.2021.13602.
Full textAbstract:
A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is created when an independent mobile node network is connected dynamically via wireless links. MANET is a self-organizing network that does not rely on pre-existing infrastructure such as wired or wireless network routers. Mobile nodes in this network move randomly, thus, the topology is always changing. Routing protocols in MANET are critical in ensuring dependable and consistent connectivity between the mobile nodes. They conclude logically based on the interaction between mobile nodes in MANET routing and encourage them to choose the optimum path between source and destination. Routing protocols are classified as proactive, reactive, or hybrid. The focus of this project will be on Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol, a proactive routing technique. OLSR is known as the optimized variant of link state routing in which packets are sent throughout the network using the multipoint relay (MPR) mechanism. This article evaluates the performance of the OLSR routing protocol under condition of changing mobility speed and network density. The study's performance indicators are average packet throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR), and average packet latency. Network Simulator 2 (NS-2) and an external patch UM-OLSR are used to simulate and evaluate the performance of such protocol. As a result of research, the approach of implementing the MPR mechanism are able to minimise redundant data transmission during the normal message broadcast. The MPRs enhance the link state protocols’ traditional diffusion mechanism by selecting the right MPRs. Hence, the number of undesired broadcasts can be reduced and limited. Further research will focus on different scenario and environment using different mobility model.
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Maheswari, G. Uma. "Fuzzy QoS Based OLSR Network." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 3, no. 1 (2011): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitn.2011010104.
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Quality-of-Service (QoS) routing protocol is developed for mobile Ad Hoc Networks. MANET is a self configuring network of mobile devices connected by wireless links. Each device in the MANET is free to move independently in any direction; therefore, it changes links to other devices frequently. The proposed QoS-based routing in the Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol relates bandwidth and delay using a fuzzy logic algorithm. The path computations are examined and the reason behind the selection of bandwidth and delay metrics is discussed. The performance of the protocol is investigated by simulation. The results in FQOLSR indicate an improvement in mobile wireless networks compared with the existing QOLSR system.
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Bunu, Sanusi Mohammad, Omar Younis Alani, and Mohammad Saraee. "An Improved Routing Protocol for Optimum Quality of Service in Device-to-Device and Energy Efficiency in 5G/B5G." Future Internet 16, no. 9 (2024): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi16090347.
Full textAbstract:
Some challenges when implementing the optimized link state routing (OLSR) protocol on real-life devices and simulators are unmanageable: link quality, rapid energy depletion, and high processor loads. The causes of these challenges are link state processing, unsuitable multipoint relay (MPR) nodes, and information base maintenance. This paper proposes a structured, energy-efficient link sensing and database maintenance technique. The improved OLSR in the paper replaces the OLSRv2’s HELLO, HELLO, and Topology Control (TC) message sequence with a new sequence. MPR nodes are not mandated to broadcast TC messages if the number of nodes and their OLSRv2 addresses remain unchanged after subsequent broadcasts or if no node reported 2-hop symmetric connections. The paper further proposes an MPR selection technique that considers four parameters: node battery level, mobility speed, node degree, and connection to the base station for optimum relay selection. It combines the four parameters into one metric to reduce energy dissipation and control routing overhead. The modifications were implemented in NS-3, and the simulation results show that our improved OLSR outperforms the existing OLSR, OLSRv2 and other improved routing protocols in energy consumption, routing overhead, the packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay, as compared to the related literature.
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Belkheir, Mohammed, Mehdi Rouissat, Allel Mokaddem, Merahi Bouziani, and Abdelatif Zerroug. "LE-OLSR protocol performance evaluation in various energy conditionsof mobile Ad-hoc and sensor wireless networks." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 19, no. 3 (2020): 1391. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i3.pp1391-1398.
Full textAbstract:
<p>A mobile Ad hoc and sensor wireless network commonly includes various mobile devices and sensors with limited resources. In such network, energy constraint and link stability are the most critical parameters to take into consideration when deploying routing mechanisms, to assure reliable communication between nodes.These requirements are due to the network scalability and the absence of a fixed infrastructure, which may cause a rapid depletion of the nodes batteries and leads onto network link breakages. LE-OLSR (Lifetime Enhancement - Optimized Link State Protocol) is a variant of the existing OLSR. This latter is widely used as routing protocol for mobile ad-hoc and wireless sensor networks. LE-OLSR implements a new load balancing algorithm; it takes into account energy constraints of a node when selecting routers, responsible for forwarding data packets over the entire network. The aim of our work is to study and simulate the LE-OLSR protocol behavior in realistic mobile environments, including scenarios with various residual energy constraints schemes. The performed simulations had shown that LE-OLSR performances decrease compared to the case of ideal mobile network. Nevertheless, LE-OLSR had shown persistence and fair results in the realistic environment.The obtained results show that LE-OLSR protocol is an adequate and a prime solution for dense mobile ad hoc networks.</p>
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Manhar, Advin, and Dr Deepak Dembla. "Improved Hybrid Routing Protocol (IHRP) in MANETs Based on Situation Based Adaptive Routing." International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 11, no. 1 (2023): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.110103.
Full textAbstract:
Without the need of a fixed foundation or base station, the Mobile Ad hoc Network creates its own wireless network. One of the most troublesome aspects of Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is the occurrence of unexpected loss of network connectivity. As a result of this problem, packets continue to drop, and we must restore the connection by sending Route Request (RREQ) and Route Reply (RREP). As a result, network performance will suffer yet another setback. We used the scenario routing technique to combine the Dream Multipath Routing (DMR), Ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV), Optimized link-state routing (OLSR), and Ad-hoc on Demand Vector (AODV) routing protocols to build the IHRP routing protocol in this work. According to previous studies, (AODV) is more suited when node motion is high. The purpose of DREAM Multipath Routing (DMR) is to maintain node mobility and location information coordinated. Route packet flooding is prevented by computing the expected chance of node relocation. The number of mobile nodes in the wireless network fluctuates, and the DMR operates on each one individually. In the network, each node maintains a list of nearby nodes and their current locations. Using the AOMDV routing protocol is effective for load balancing and preventing congestion on the network. OLSR is a good fit for networks that priorities link reliability above other considerations when routing traffic. When using the aforementioned (DMR, AODV, AOMDV, and OLSR) protocols to create the IHRP routing protocol, we are capable of better regulation of network behavior and perform. In the case of 100 nodes, data is sent for analysis for The Improved Hybrid Routing Protocol (IHRP), Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP), AOMDV, AODV, and OLSR routing protocols. For data send, the performance of IHRP, ZRP, AOMDV, AODV, and OLSR is 11513, 10240, 10225, 10558, and 9184, respectively, and for 50 nodes, the performance of IHRP, ZRP, AOMDV, AODV, and OLSR is 11151, 9807, 9636, 9586, and 7470, respectively. Thus, with 100 and 50 nodes, the Improved Hybrid Routing Protocol (IHRP) outperforms the AOMDV, ZRP, AODV, and OLSR routing protocols. In the case of 100 nodes and 50 nodes, the data receive analysis for IHRP, ZRP, AOMDV, AODV, and OLSR routing protocols is 11513, 10240, 10225, 10558, and 9184, respectively, and 9367, 8714, 8370, 6730, and 7298, respectively, So IHRP also receives data faster than ZRP, AOMDV, AODV, and OLSR routing protocols. The IHRP outperforms AOMDV, AODV, ZRP, and OLSR routing protocols in terms of data transmit, receive, data drop, PDR, throughput, E-E latency, and NRL.
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Abid, Mohamed Amine, and Abdelfettah Belghith. "Period Size Self Tuning to Enhance Routing in MANETs." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 6, no. 4 (2010): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jbdcn.2010100102.
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In this paper, the authors propose a novel routing protocol driven by an asynchronous distributed cartography gathering algorithm. Each node senses its own dynamics and chooses locally an appropriate routing period size. As such stationary nodes generate little signaling traffic; fast moving nodes choose small routing periods to mitigate the effect of their mobility. Moreover, every node integrates a self regulating process that dynamically and constantly calibrates the chosen routing period to track changes in its dynamics. The performances of this proposed routing protocol are evaluated and compared to the known Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol through extensive simulations. The paper shows that the collected network cartography maintains a validity ratio near 100% even for high node speeds. The authors illustrate that the proposed routing protocol provides around 97% routing validity while the OLSR can hardly deliver more than 60% at moderate to high speeds and workloads. Finally, the protocol provides better throughput than OLSR, reaching a 50% increase at moderate to high speeds and workloads far less end-to-end delays.
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Zhang, Cheng. "Performance Analysis of DSR OLSR and OLSR-MIP in VANET." Advanced Materials Research 846-847 (November 2013): 1452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.846-847.1452.
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Vehicle Ad Hoc network (VANET) has grown fast in recent years. The routing protocol is one of the key technologies in VANET. Due to the particularity of VANET networks, the implementation and validation of all the protocols in realistic scenes are not possible. In this paper, we use the network simulation software OPNET to simulate the network models of VANET in different urban scenarios. We assessed the performance of Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocols. Then we propose a new method by deploying the roadside equipment with Mobile IP. The results show that the performance is improved compared with the existing schemes.
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Zhang, Hong, Jun Hu, and Lei You. "A New MSLBOLSR Routing Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (October 2014): 1003–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.1003.
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In Optimized Link State Routing Protocol, the choice of Multi-Point Relays is based on connectivity. Based on the connection time, this paper chooses MPR by taking reference in the degree of congestion of link layer of nodes while making a balanced processing of network load. The experimental results have shown that the improved MSLBOLSR(Multidimensional Sense and Load Balanced OLSR) protocol has advanced visibly in terms of the leisure degree of application layer and the time-delay, etc.
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Ahmed, Waleed Khalid, Mohd Nazri bin Mohd Warip, Mohamed Elshaikh Elobaid Said Ahmed, and Phaklen Ehkan. "Improved MPR Selection Algorithm-Based WS-OLSR Routing Protocol." International journal of Computer Networks & Communications 16, no. 3 (2024): 01–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijcnc.2024.16301.
Full textAbstract:
Vehicle Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) have become a viable technology to improve traffic flow and safety on the roads. Due to its effectiveness and scalability, the Wingsuit Search-based Optimised Link State Routing Protocol (WS-OLSR) is frequently used for data distribution in VANETs. However, the selection of MultiPoint Relays (MPRs) plays a pivotal role in WS-OLSR's performance. This paper presents an improved MPR selection algorithm tailored to WS-OLSR, designed to enhance the overall routing efficiency and reduce overhead. The analysis found that the current OLSR protocol has problems such as redundancy of HELLO and TC message packets or failure to update routing information in time, so a WSOLSR routing protocol based on improved-MPR selection algorithm was proposed. Firstly, factors such as node mobility and link changes are comprehensively considered to reflect network topology changes, and the broadcast cycle of node HELLO messages is controlled through topology changes. Secondly, a new MPR selection algorithm is proposed, considering link stability issues and nodes. Finally, evaluate its effectiveness in terms of packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, and control message overhead. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of our improved MR selection algorithm when compared to traditional approaches.
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Khanchandani, Shailesh Kumar. "A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PROACTIVE ROUTING PROTOCOLS (DSDV, OLSR) & REACTIVE ROUTING PROTOCOLS (AODV, DSR) IN MANET USING NS-3." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem30773.
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The abstract outlines a comprehensive analysis focusing on routing protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). Ad-hoc networks are dynamic wireless networks without a central infrastructure. This analysis compares two types of routing protocols—proactive (table-driven) and reactive (on-demand)—using simulation analysis. The protocols DSDV, OLSR, AODV, and DSR are evaluated using NS-3, considering various performance metrics under different scenarios. The research aims to provide insights into protocol strengths and weaknesses, aiding network protocol selection and potential enhancements. This investigation contributes to understanding routing behaviours in ever-changing MANETs, benefiting network design and optimization efforts. Keywords: MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Network), DSDV (Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector), OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing), AODV (Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector), DSR (Dynamic Source Routing), Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
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Soni, S., and J. S. Shah. "Design and Analysis of QoS Routing Framework integrated with OLSR protocol for Multimedia Traffic in Mobile Adhoc Networks." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 7, no. 3 (2017): 1681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1167.
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MANETs (Mobile Ad-hoc Networks) is the self organizing wireless structure of mobile hosts. Wireless media is used for communication in MANETs. Considering the developing requirements for multimedia and real-time traffic applications in real world, QoS (Quality-of-Service) support is essential in MANETs. But most of the characteristics of MANETs make QoS support a difficult problem. It is challenging to support QoS routing in MANET due to dynamic behavior and mobility of the hosts. The OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing) protocol can be efficiently used in MANETs to provide QoS routing because of its dynamic MPR (Multi Point Relay) selection criteria and proactive nature. In this paper, a design of QoS routing framework integrated with OLSR protocol is proposed and also analyzed using network simulator. Proposed QoS framework combines a bandwidth estimation algorithm with explicit resource reservation, QoS routing and connection admission control (CAC). OLSR protocol is extended for QoS framework to solve performance issues related to node mobility using cross layer approach. Results after simulation conclude about efficiency of the proposed QoS routing framework.
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Soni, S., and J. S. Shah. "Design and Analysis of QoS Routing Framework integrated with OLSR protocol for Multimedia Traffic in Mobile Adhoc Networks." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 7, no. 3 (2017): 1681–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.809263.
Full textAbstract:
MANETs (Mobile Ad-hoc Networks) is the self organizing wireless structure of mobile hosts. Wireless media is used for communication in MANETs. Considering the developing requirements for multimedia and real-time traffic applications in real world, QoS (Quality-of-Service) support is essential in MANETs. But most of the characteristics of MANETs make QoS support a difficult problem. It is challenging to support QoS routing in MANET due to dynamic behavior and mobility of the hosts. The OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing) protocol can be efficiently used in MANETs to provide QoS routing because of its dynamic MPR (Multi Point Relay) selection criteria and proactive nature. In this paper, a design of QoS routing framework integrated with OLSR protocol is proposed and also analyzed using network simulator. Proposed QoS framework combines a bandwidth estimation algorithm with explicit resource reservation, QoS routing and connection admission control (CAC). OLSR protocol is extended for QoS framework to solve performance issues related to node mobility using cross layer approach. Results after simulation conclude about efficiency of the proposed QoS routing framework.
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Mahabbati, Lathifatul, Andy Hidayat Jatmika, and Raphael Bianco Huwae. "Reducing Transmission Signal Collisions on Optimized Link State Routing Protocol Using Dynamic Power Transmission." MATRIK : Jurnal Manajemen, Teknik Informatika dan Rekayasa Komputer 24, no. 1 (2024): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.30812/matrik.v24i1.3899.
Full textAbstract:
Many devices connected to a network inevitably result in clashes between communication signals. These collisions are an important factor that causes a decrease in network performance, especially affecting Quality of Service (QoS) like throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), and end-to-end de- lay, which has a direct impact on the success of data transmission by potentially causing data loss or damage. The aim of this research is to integrate the Dynamic Power Transmission (DPT) algorithm into the Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) routing protocol to regulate the communication sig- nal strength range. The DPT algorithm dynamically adapts the signal coverage distance based on the density of neighboring nodes to reduce signal collisions. In our protocol, the basic mechanism of a DPT algorithm includes four steps. The Hello message structure of OLSR has been modified to incorporate the ”x-y position” coordinate field data. Nodes calculate distances to neighbors using these coordinates, which is crucial for route discovery, where all nearby nodes can process route re-quests. The results of this research are that DPT-OLSR improves network efficiency in busy areas. In particular, the DPT-OLSR routing protocol achieves an average throughput enhancement of 0.93%, a 94.79% rise in PDR, and reduces end-to-end delay by 45.69% across various variations in node density. The implication of this research result is that the algorithm proposed automatically adapts the transmission power of individual nodes to control the number of neighboring nodes within a de-fined range. This effectively avoids unwanted interference, unnecessary overhearing, and excessive processing by other nodes, ultimately boosting the network’s overall throughput.
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Safrianti, Ery, Linna Oktaviana Sari, and Tulus Rahayu. "Discovery Routing Time Speed Comparison of AODV, OLSR and ZRP protocols on MANET." International Journal of Electrical, Energy and Power System Engineering 3, no. 3 (2020): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/ijeepse.3.3.100-106.
Full textAbstract:
Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a wireless network that contains a collection of nodes without infrastructure and interconnected to communicate. MANET works dynamically when a group of nodes moves spontaneously, so the network topology can change quickly and cannot be predicted. It causes changes in wireless network topology according to existing conditions. The node functions in determining the route to be selected. Ad Hoc networks have limited transmission range, so routing is needed to send data over the network. The problem with mobile nodes is that routing must provide a path when the node changes. The speed of a node obtaining information is affected by the routing protocol used in the network. Each routing protocol has different capabilities in network speed, so the discovery routing time for each routing is also different. The selected routing protocols are Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Optimized Link-state (OLSR), and Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP). The study will conduct a comparative analysis of ad hoc network initialization speeds on AODV, OLSR, and ZRP routing protocols. The parameter tested is the speed of routing discovery. After the data is collected, an analysis is carried out by looking at the routing discovery speed of each routing protocol. The test results show that each of the routing protocols examined, the AODV routing protocol, has a faster routing discovery time than the OLSR and ZRP routing protocols.
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Priyambodo, Tri Kuntoro, Danur Wijayanto, and Made Santo Gitakarma. "Performance Optimization of MANET Networks through Routing Protocol Analysis." Computers 10, no. 1 (2020): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers10010002.
Full textAbstract:
A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) protocol requires proper settings to perform data transmission optimally. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to select the correct routing protocol and use the routing protocol’s default parameter values. This study examined the effect of route request parameters, such as RREQ_RETRIES and MAX_RREQ_TIMOUT, on the Ad Hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol, which was then compared with the default AODV performance Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocols. The performance metrics used for measuring performance were Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), throughput, delay, packet loss, energy consumption, and routing overhead. The results show that the OLSR protocol has a smaller delay than the AODV protocol, while in other measurements, the AODV protocol is better than OLSR. By reducing the combination value of RREQ_RETRIES, MAX_RREQ_TIMEOUT in AODV routing to (2, 10 s) and (3, 5 s), the protocol’s performance can be improved. The two combinations result in an average increase in throughput performance of 3.09%, a decrease in delay of 17.7%, a decrease in packet loss of 27.15%, and an increase in PDR of 4.8%. For variations in the speed of movement of nodes, 20 m/s has the best performance, while 5 m/s has the worst performance.
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Rahul, Desai, P. Patil B, and Pal Sharma Davinder. "Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Network: A Survey and Analysis." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 5, no. 1 (2017): 795–801. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v7.i3.pp795-801.
Full textAbstract:
Ad hoc networks are mobile wireless networks where each node is acting as a router. The existing routing protocols such as Destination sequences distance vector, Optimized list state routing protocols, Ad hoc on demand routing protocol, Ad hoc on demand multipath routing protocol, Dynamic source routing are optimized versions of distance vector or link state routing protocols. In this paper, existing protocols such as DSDV, AODV, AOMDV, OLSR and DSR are analyzed on 50 nodes Mobile Ad Hoc network with random mobility. Packet delivery ratio, delay, control overhead and throughput parameters are used for performance analysis.
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Teerapat, Sanguankotchakorn, K.Wijayasekara Sanika, and Nobuhiko Sugino. "Performance of OLSR MANET Adopting Cross-Layer Approach Under CBR and VBR Traffics Environment." International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC) 10, no. 6 (2018): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2202538.
Full textAbstract:
The routing protocols play an important role in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) because of the dynamically change of its topology. Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR), unawareness of Quality of Service (QoS) and power-consumed protocol, is an example of a widely-used routing protocol in MANET. The Multi-Point Relays (MPR) selection algorithm is very crucial in OLSR. Therefore, firstly, we propose a heuristic method to select the best path based on two parameters; Bit Error Rate (BER) derived from the physical layer and Weighted Connectivity Index (CI) adopted from the network layer. This can be done via the cross-layer design scheme. This is anticipated to enhance the performance of OLSR, provide QoS guarantee and improve the power consumption. The performances of the proposed scheme are investigated by simulation of two types of traffics: CBR and VBR (MPEG-4), evaluated by metrics namely Throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Average End-to-End Delay, Control Overhead and Average Total Power Consumption.We compare our results with the typical OLSR and OLSR using only Weighted CI. It is obvious that our proposed scheme provides superior performances to the typical OLSR and OLSR using only Weighted CI, especially, at high traffic load.