Relevant bibliographies by topics / Optimal states

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Optimal states'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 22 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Optimal states"

1

Mastriani, Mario. "Optimal Estimate of Quantum States." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 06, no. 06 (2018): 1363–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2018.66114.

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Werner, R. F. "Optimal cloning of pure states." Physical Review A 58, no. 3 (1998): 1827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.58.1827.

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Rabbers, Iraes, Johan van Heerden, Niclas Nordholt, Herwig Bachmann, Bas Teusink, and Frank Bruggeman. "Metabolism at Evolutionary Optimal States." Metabolites 5, no. 2 (2015): 311–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo5020311.

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Jing, Lu, Zhou Lan, and Kuang Le-Man. "Linear optical implementation of optimal unambiguous discrimination among quantum states." Chinese Physics 15, no. 9 (2006): 1941–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-1963/15/9/007.

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Zhang, Li-qiang, Deng-hui Yu, and Chang-shui Yu. "The optimal approximation of qubit states with limited quantum states." Physics Letters A 398 (May 2021): 127286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2021.127286.

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Abeyesinghe, A., P. Hayden, G. Smith, and A. J. Winter. "Optimal Superdense Coding of Entangled States." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 52, no. 8 (2006): 3635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2006.878174.

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Oreshkov, Ognyan, John Calsamiglia, Ramon Muñoz-Tapia, and Emili Bagan. "Optimal signal states for quantum detectors." New Journal of Physics 13, no. 7 (2011): 073032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/13/7/073032.

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Divincenzo, David P., Barbara M. Terhal, and Ashish V. Thapliyal. "Optimal decompositions of barely separable states." Journal of Modern Optics 47, no. 2-3 (2000): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500340008244049.

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Kay, Alastair, Jiannis K. Pachos, Wolfgang Dür, and Hans-J. Briegel. "Optimal purification of thermal graph states." New Journal of Physics 8, no. 8 (2006): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/8/8/147.

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Fiurášek, Jaromír. "Optimal probabilistic estimation of quantum states." New Journal of Physics 8, no. 9 (2006): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/8/9/192.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Optimal states"

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Weir, Graeme. "Optimal discrimination of quantum states." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30616/.

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Quantum state discrimination is a fundamental task in the field of quantum communication and quantum information theory. Unless the states to be discriminated are mutually orthogonal, there will be some error in any attempt to determine which state was sent. Several strategies to optimally discriminate between quantum states exist, each maximising some figure of merit. In this thesis we mainly investigate the minimum-error strategy, in which the probability of correctly guessing the signal state is maximised. We introduce a method for constructing the optimal Positive-Operator Valued Measure (POVM) for this figure of merit, which is applicable for arbitrary states and arbitrary prior probabilities. We then use this method to solve minimum-error state discrimination for the so-called trine states with arbitrary prior probabilities - the first such general solution for a set of quantum states since the two-state case was solved when the problem of state discrimination was first introduced. We also investigate the difference between local and global measurements for a bipartite ensemble of states, and find that in certain circumstances the local measurement is superior. We conclude by finding a bipartite analogue to the Helstrom conditions, which indicate when a POVM satisfies the minimum-error criteria.
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Edwards, Simon C. "Optimal feedback control of quantum states." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435452.

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Dzwonchyk, James D. "Optimal selection of Army military construction projects." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Jun%5FDzwonchyk.pdf.

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Persons, Jay. "The United States Army's multi-period optimal readiness allocation model." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5668.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.<br>The U.S. Army has undergone unprecedented change in the last decade, completing an organizational transformation and redesigning its deployment policies. These changes and other factors have resulted in an increase of 107% in equipping requirements between 2003 and 2011, forcing the Army to update its equipping policies. We develop the "multi-period optimal readiness allocation model" (MPORAM) to maximize unit equipment readiness across the force over several years. MPORAM extends an earlier single-period model to account for the dynamic nature of unit priorities, budget, and other factors that vary over the planning horizon. Using a small test case, we observe that MPORAM distributes and/or transfers equipment in anticipation of future demand needs. For example, if one unit cannot improve its readiness in one time period, MPORAM focuses on improving other units" ratings, if possible, regardless of their priorities. Using two realistically-sized cases, we observe that the multi-period solution does not differ notably from the single-period solution. Thus, we cannot make any strong conclusions about the added value of MPORAM in these cases. However, these results are strongly influenced by a large gap between supply and demand, and we expect MPORAM to improve the single-period solution in more balanced cases.
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Greenfield, Elyashiv. "Authority, states and persons : in the search for optimal reconciliation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:64bb4fe6-ec8b-4c8b-b9a8-7b807b1b6d8b.

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The problem of legitimate authority is widely regarded as fundamental to moral and political philosophy. This thesis aims to explain what the problem precisely is, and to offer a practical method for solving it. The starting point is a claim about the phenomenology of the person as an inherently authoritative agent: we are persons, as distinct from mere ‘things’, by virtue of the authority we possess over ourselves. This claim explains, I argue, why there is a problem of legitimate authority – why the exercise of state authority stands in need of justification – and what the problem precisely is: given the inherent tension between the authority of the state on the one hand, and the self-governing authority of persons on the other, the problem of legitimate authority is essentially that of creating the conditions for optimal reconciliation between them. The bulk of the thesis is devoted to a search for a solution to this problem. The ideal solution lies in developing a concept which I call the Authorization Principle. In its most basic form, the principle states that the exercise of state authority is legitimate only when it is exercised to enforce arrangements that all citizens authorize the state to enforce. The conclusion of the thesis is that the principle should be formulated as follows: The exercise of state authority is legitimate insofar as it is exercised within the provisions of a constitutional arrangement constructed through a process that gives equal weight to all the epistemically undefeated concerns in the society regarding the conditions necessary for persons to exercise personal authority. The solution proposed in the thesis for the problem of legitimate authority has three important implications. The first is that it is entirely within the capacity of ordinary democratic societies to solve the problem. The second is that there is no single legitimate way to govern a society. Standards for the legitimate use of state authority are in some way indexed to culture, ability and resources as well as to other aspects of a society’s unique circumstances. The third is that a society cannot settle the problem of legitimate authority once and for all. The state’s arrangement will require revision every so often in order to maintain the legitimacy of state authority.
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Hamzavi-Rad, S. "The optimal control of energy consumption in the United States Economy." Thesis, University of Essex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381927.

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Simpson, Paul Glenn. "Optimal recruiting strategy to minimize U.S. Navy Delayed Entry Program (DEP) attrition." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA346367.

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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 1997.<br>Thesis advisor(s): Rosenthal, Richard E. "December 1997." Includes bibliographical references (p. 109). Also available online.
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Kalyan, Vivek. "A Strategy to Design The Optimal Asian Indian Kitchen In The United States." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1314115138.

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Sousan, Sinan Dhia Jameel. "Optimal interpolation schemes to constrain Pm2.5 In Regional Modeling Over The United States." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3387.

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This thesis presents the use of data assimilation with optimal interpolation (OI) to develop atmospheric aerosol concentration estimates for the United States at high spatial and temporal resolutions. Concentration estimates are highly desirable for a wide range of applications, including visibility, climate, and human health. OI is a viable data assimilation method that can be used to improve Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model fine particulate matter (PM2.5) estimates. PM2.5 is the mass of solid and liquid particles with diameters less than or equal to 2.5 μm suspended in the gas phase. OI was employed by combining model estimates with satellite and surface measurements. The satellite data assimilation combined 36 x 36 km aerosol concentrations from CMAQ with aerosol optical depth (AOD) measured by MODIS and AERONET over the continental United States for 2002. Posterior model concentrations generated by the OI algorithm were compared with surface PM2.5 measurements to evaluate a number of possible data assimilation parameters, including model error, observation error, and temporal averaging assumptions. Evaluation was conducted separately for six geographic U.S. regions in 2002. Variability in model error and MODIS biases limited the effectiveness of a single data assimilation system for the entire continental domain. The best combinations of four settings and three averaging schemes led to a domain-averaged improvement in fractional error from 1.2 to 0.97 and from 0.99 to 0.89 at respective IMPROVE and STN monitoring sites. For 38% of OI results, MODIS OI degraded the forward model skill due to biases and outliers in MODIS AOD. Surface data assimilation combined 36 × 36 km aerosol concentrations from the CMAQ model with surface PM2.5 measurements over the continental United States for 2002. The model error covariance matrix was constructed by using the observational method. The observation error covariance matrix included site representation that scaled the observation error by land use (i.e. urban or rural locations). In theory, urban locations should have less effect on surrounding areas than rural sites, which can be controlled using site representation error. The annual evaluations showed substantial improvements in model performance with increases in the correlation coefficient from 0.36 (prior) to 0.76 (posterior), and decreases in the fractional error from 0.43 (prior) to 0.15 (posterior). In addition, the normalized mean error decreased from 0.36 (prior) to 0.13 (posterior), and the RMSE decreased from 5.39 μg m-3 (prior) to 2.32 μg m-3 (posterior). OI decreased model bias for both large spatial areas and point locations, and could be extended to more advanced data assimilation methods. The current work will be applied to a five year (2000-2004) CMAQ simulation aimed at improving aerosol model estimates. The posterior model concentrations will be used to inform exposure studies over the U.S. that relate aerosol exposure to mortality and morbidity rates. Future improvements for the OI techniques used in the current study will include combining both surface and satellite data to improve posterior model estimates. Satellite data have high spatial and temporal resolutions in comparison to surface measurements, which are scarce but more accurate than model estimates. The satellite data are subject to noise affected by location and season of retrieval. The implementation of OI to combine satellite and surface data sets has the potential to improve posterior model estimates for locations that have no direct measurements.
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Corgier, Robin. "Engineered atomic states for precision interferometry." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS186/document.

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La physique moderne repose sur deux théories fondamentales distinctes, la relativité générale et la mécanique quantique. Toutes les deux décrivent d’une part les phénomènes macroscopiques et cosmologiques tels que les ondes gravitationnelles et les trous noirs et d’autre part les phénomènes microscopiques comme la superfluidité ou le spin des particules. L’unification de ces deux théories reste, jusqu’à présent, un problème non résolu. Il est intéressant de noter que les différentes théories de gravité quantique prédisent une violation des principes de la relativité générale à différents niveaux.Il est donc hautement intéressant de détecter les violations de ces principes et de déterminer à quel niveau elles se produisent.De récentes propositions pour effectuer des tests du principe d’ équivalence d’Einstein suggèrent une amélioration spectaculaire des performances en utilisant des capteurs atomiques `a ondes de matière.Dans ce contexte, il est nécessaire de concevoir des états d’entrée de l’interferomètre avec des conditions initiales bien définies. Un test de pointe de l’universalité de la chute libre (Universality of FreeFall en anglais (UFF) ) nécessiterait, par exemple,un contrôle des positions et des vitesses avec une précision de l’ordre de 1 μm et 1 μm.s⁻¹ , respectivement.De plus, les systématiques liées à la taille du paquet d’ondes limitent le taux d’expansion maximum possible à 100 μm.s⁻¹. La création initiale des états d’entrée de l’interféromètre doit être assez rapide,de l’ordre de quelques centaines de ms au maximum,pour que le temps de cycle de l’expérience soit pertinent d’un point de vue métrologique. Dans cette thèse j’ai développé des séquences optimisées s’appuyant sur l’excitation du centre de masse et de la taille d’un ou plusieurs ensembles d’atomes refroidis ainsi que dégénérés. Certaines séquences proposé dans cette thèse ont déjà été implémenté dans des expériences augmentant de manière significative le contrôle des ensembles atomiques<br>Modern physics relies on two distinct fundamental theories, General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics. Both describe on one hand macroscopic and cosmological phenomena such as gravitational waves and black holes and on the other hand microscopic phenomena as superfluidity or the spin of particles. The unification of these two theories remains, so far, an unsolved problem. Interestingly, candidate Quantum Gravity theories predict a violation of the principles of General Relativity at different levels. It is, therefore, of a timely interest to detect violations of these principles and determine at which level they occur. Recent proposals to perform Einstein Equivalence Principle tests suggest a dramatic performance improvement using matter-wave atomic sensors. In this context, the design of the input states with well defined initial conditions is required. A state-of-the-art test of the universality of free fall (UFF) would, for example, require a control of positions and velocities at the level of 1 µm and 1 µm.s⁻¹, respectively. Moreover, sizerelated systematics constrain the maximum expansion rate possible to the 100 µm.s⁻¹level. This initial engineering of the input states has to be quite fast, of the order of few hundred ms at maximum, for the experiment’s duty cycle to be metrologically-relevant. In this thesis I developed optimized sequences based on the excitation of the center of mass and the size excitation of one or two cooled atomic sample as well as degenerated gases. Some sequences proposed in this thesis have already been implemented in experiments and significantly increase the control of atomic ensembles
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Books on the topic "Optimal states"

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Greenston, Peter M. The optimal job-person match case for attrition reduction. U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 1997.

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Greenston, Peter M. The optimal job-person match case for attrition reduction. U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 1997.

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Greenston, Peter. The optimal job-person match case for attrition reduction. U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 1997.

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Donohue, John J. Is the United States at the optimal rate of crime? American Bar Foundation, 1994.

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Drasgow, Fritz. Multi-test extensions of practical and optimal appropriateness indices. Air Force Human Resources Laboratory, Air Force Systems Command, 1987.

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L, Burati J., United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Research, Development and Technology., Clemson University. Dept. of Civil Engineering., and Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, eds. Optimal procedures for quality assurance specifications. U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Research, Development, and Technology, Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, 2003.

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Dell, Robert F. Determining optimal instructor levels at the Defense Language Institute. Naval Postgraduate School, 1993.

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C, Dixon Matthew, ed. Investigating optimal replacement of aging Air Force systems. RAND, 2003.

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Tuomala, Matti. Optimal income tax and redistribution. Clarendon Press, 1990.

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Simpson, Paul Glenn. Optimal recruiting strategy to minimize U.S. Navy Delayed Entry Program (DEP) attrition. Naval Postgraduate School, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Optimal states"

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Ashchepkov, Leonid T., Dmitriy V. Dolgy, Taekyun Kim, and Ravi P. Agarwal. "Problem with Intermediate States." In Optimal Control. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91029-7_13.

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Krishans, Zigurds, Anna Mutule, Yuri Merkuryev, and Irina Oleinikova. "Optimal Initial States Method." In Dynamic Management of Sustainable Development. Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-062-5_5.

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Krishans, Zigurds, Anna Mutule, Yuri Merkuryev, and Irina Oleinikova. "Optimal Initial States Searching Methods." In Dynamic Management of Sustainable Development. Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-062-5_6.

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Hull, David G. "Free Initial Time and States." In Optimal Control Theory for Applications. Springer New York, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4180-3_15.

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Nussbaum, Michael, and Arleta Szkoła. "Asymptotically Optimal Discrimination between Pure Quantum States." In Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication, and Cryptography. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18073-6_1.

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Rattacaso, Davide, Gianluca Passarelli, Procolo Lucignano, and Rosario Fazio. "Optimal Parent Hamiltonians for Many-Body States." In Quantum Science and Technology. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-03998-0_8.

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Adamik, Verena. "‘The Optimal State of a Republic’: Introduction." In In Search of the Utopian States of America. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60279-6_1.

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Adhikari, Bijaya, Pavan Rangudu, B. Aditya Prakash, and Anil Vullikant. "Near-Optimal Mapping of Network States using Probes." In Proceedings of the 2018 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611975321.12.

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Leira, Bernt J. "Structural Limit States and Reliability Measures." In Optimal Stochastic Control Schemes within a Structural Reliability Framework. Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01405-0_2.

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Spel, Jip, Sebastian Junges, and Joost-Pieter Katoen. "Finding Provably Optimal Markov Chains." In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72016-2_10.

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AbstractParametric Markov chains (pMCs) are Markov chains with symbolic (aka: parametric) transition probabilities. They are a convenient operational model to treat robustness against uncertainties. A typical objective is to find the parameter values that maximize the reachability of some target states. In this paper, we consider automatically proving robustness, that is, an $$\varepsilon $$ ε -close upper bound on the maximal reachability probability. The result of our procedure actually provides an almost-optimal parameter valuation along with this upper bound.We propose to tackle these ETR-hard problems by a tight combination of two significantly different techniques: monotonicity checking and parameter lifting. The former builds a partial order on states to check whether a pMC is (local or global) monotonic in a certain parameter, whereas parameter lifting is an abstraction technique based on the iterative evaluation of pMCs without parameter dependencies. We explain our novel algorithmic approach and experimentally show that we significantly improve the time to determine almost-optimal synthesis.
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Conference papers on the topic "Optimal states"

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Ferretti, Hugo, C. Pria Dobney, Y. Batuhan Yilmaz, et al. "Optimal quantum multi-parameter estimation with few-photon states." In CLEO: Fundamental Science. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_fs.2024.fm4r.1.

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We report on the experimental demonstration and characterisation of the “tetrahedron state”, the optimal four-photon state for simultaneous estimation of all parameters describing a rotation. We propose a follow-up experiment to create the optimal two-photon state for this task.
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Tatarinova, Nadezhda S., Anatoly V. Masalov, Artem E. Shitikov, Igor A. Bilenko, Valery E. Lobanov, and Dmitry A. Chermoshentsev. "Optimal Conditions for Squeezed States of Light Generation in Bichromatically Pumped Optical Microresonators." In 2024 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleo-pr60912.2024.10676946.

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Yang, Jialin, Pengxiang Zhao, Lin Cong, Na Li, Bing Wang, and Peng Wan. "Optimal dispatch of integrated energy systems considering malfunction states." In 2024 6th International Conference on Energy, Power and Grid (ICEPG). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icepg63230.2024.10775339.

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Chinni, Karthik R., Francesco Albarelli, Alexandre de Camargo, Rodrigo A. Vargas-Hernández, and Nicolas Quesada. "Optimal pulses for dipole moment estimation with coherent states." In Photonics for Quantum 2025, edited by Michael Reimer and Nir Rotenberg. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3063316.

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Zhou, Mi, Erik Verriest, and Chaouki Abdallah. "A Model-Free Optimal Control Method with Fixed Terminal States." In SoutheastCon 2025. IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/southeastcon56624.2025.10971724.

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Feng, Guiqing, Lingfei Zhu, Zheng Pan, and Shukai Sun. "Optimal Configuration of Energy Storage Considering Battery Operational States for Photovoltaic Power Stations." In 2024 5th International Conference on Clean Energy and Electric Power Engineering (ICCEPE). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccepe62686.2024.10931411.

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Liu, Fan, Chuan Liu, Liang Fang, et al. "An Optimal Operation Control Method Considering Multiple Operating States Of New Power Systems." In 2024 IEEE 8th Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ei264398.2024.10990738.

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Jacobellis, George, and Farhan Gandhi. "Investigation of Performance, Loads, and Vibration of a Coaxial Helicopter in High-Speed Flight." In Vertical Flight Society 72nd Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0072-2016-11446.

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A lift-offset coaxial helicopter is simulated using the Rotorcraft Comprehensive Analysis System (RCAS) at a speed of 230 kts. The XH-59 Advancing Blade Concept demonstrator aircraft is used for the simulation model. A variety of trim states are explored by varying vehicle pitch attitude and redundant controls, such as main rotor speed and differential lateral pitch. The performance, vibrations, and blade loads are compared for different trim states, notably, those states utilizing negative rotor power to drive the propulsor and states in which the rotor power is constrained to be non-negative. The optimal trim state for a system with a powered or free spinning rotor lies at about 3° pitch attitude, while the optimal trim state for a vehicle in which the rotor can extract power and direct it to the propulsor lies at 6-7° pitch attitude. With the aircraft operating at a high pitch attitude, the horizontal tail is able to provide a significant amount of the necessary aircraft lift, while the rotor can provide the longitudinal moment necessary for trim. The Blade loads and hub vibrations for the negative rotor power state are similar or less than for the marginally powered state.
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Fields, Dov, Vladimir S. Malinovsky, Janos Bergou, and Mark Hillery. "Optimal Linear Optical Discrimination of Bell-Like states." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/qce52317.2021.00076.

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Gómez, Esteban S., Gustavo Lima, Leonardo Neves, et al. "Optimal Reconstruction of Photonic Qudit States." In Latin America Optics and Photonics Conference. OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laop.2010.mb31.

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Reports on the topic "Optimal states"

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Benhabib, Jess, and Bálint Szőke. Optimal Positive Capital Taxes at Interior Steady States. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25895.

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Nessim and Zhou. L51998 Current Status and Future Development Needs of Limit States Designs for Onshore Pipelines. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011219.

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Reliability Based Design and Assessment (RBDA) methods for pipelines have some key benefits, including: consideration of the true structure behavior; achievement of consistent safety levels for all pipelines; optimal decisions that achieve better safety without increasing costs; adaptability to new technologies and unique loading situations; and integration of design and operational decisions. Although a considerable amount of research has been carried out towards the development of RBDA methods for the onshore pipelines, there are several technology gaps that limit the application of such methods. These include lack of a standardized process to estimate reliability and industry-accepted reliability targets. They also include lack of familiarity of the industry and regulators with the approach. These gaps need to be filled through a research effort to create guidelines for applying reliability-based design and assessment methods and develop appropriate reliability targets that can be used to evaluate the results; and a communication effort to familiarize the industry with the approach and facilitate its incorporation into codes of practice.
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3

Rockoff, Hugh. How Long Did It Take the United States to Become an Optimal Currency Area? National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/h0124.

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Brotherhood, Luiz, Philipp Kircher, Cezar Santos, and Michèle Tertilt. Optimal Age-based Policies for Pandemics: An Economic Analysis of Covid-19 and Beyond. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005350.

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This paper investigates the importance of the age composition for pandemic policy design. To do so, it introduces an economic framework with age heterogeneity, individual choice, and incomplete information, emphasizing the value of testing. Calibrating the model to the US Covid-19 pandemic reveals an 80% reduction in death toll due to voluntary actions and the lockdown implemented in the United States. The optimal lockdown, however, is more stringent than what was implemented in the United States. Moreover, the social planner follows an asymmetric approach by locking down the young relatively more than the old. We underscore the importance of testing, showing its impact on reduced deaths, lower economic costs and laxer lockdown. We use the framework to provide systematic insights into pandemics caused by different viruses (among others the Spanish flu), and underline the influence of economic conditions on optimal policies.
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Loerch, Andrew G., and John E. Anzalone. Finding an Optimal Stationing Policy for the United States Army in Europe after the Force Drawdown (FUSSPRINT). Defense Technical Information Center, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada300452.

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Galiani, Sebastián, Omar O. Chisari, and Sebastián J. Miller. Optimal Adaptation and Mitigation to Climate Change in Small Environmental Economies. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011515.

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This paper compares the optimal dynamic choices between policies of mitigation and adaptation for three economies: Brazil, Chile and the United States. The focus is on the optimal role of mitigation and adaptation for "environmentally small economies", i. e. , economies that are witnessing an exogenous increase in emissions to which they are contributing very little. The simulations lead to three main conclusions. First, small economies should concentrate their environmental efforts, if any, on adaptation. This is not a recommendation that such economies indulge in free-riding. Instead, it is based on considerations of cost effectiveness, ceteris paribus. Second, small economies that are unable to spend enough on adaptation may end up spending less on mitigation owing to their impoverishment as a result of negative climate shocks. Third, higher mitigation expenditures may arise not only as a result of greater optimal adaptation expenditures, but also because of increased adaptation to the incentives for mitigation provided by richer countries.
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Altinok, Ahmet, and Diana E. Mac Donald. Designing the Menu of Licenses for Foster Care. Banco de México, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36095/banxico/di.2023.19.

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In the United States, prospective foster parents must become licensed by a child welfare agency before a foster child can be placed in their care. This paper contributes by developing a theoretical matching model to study the optimal menu of licenses designed to screen foster parents. We construct a two-sided matching model with heterogeneous agents, adverse selection, search frictions, and a designer who coordinates match formation through a menu of contracts. We focus on incentive compatible contracts, examine optimal allocations and transfers, and analyze equilibrium sorting patterns. There are three main results: (i) optimal allocation calls for a segregation of the market, (ii) a simple transfer schedule does the job, (iii) complementarities do not ensure that Positive Assortative Matching (PAM) will arise in equilibrium, thus we provide an additional condition that guarantees it. Our results suggests that the menu of licenses used in practice, exhibits some of the properties of the optimal solution. However, the menu might not be reaching its screening objective.
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Macnamara, Patrick, Myroslav Pidkuyko, and Raffaele Rossi. Taxing consumption in unequal economies. Banco de España, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/34646.

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This paper shows that linear consumption taxes are a powerful tool to implement efficient redistribution. We derive this result in a quantitative life-cycle model that reproduces the distribution of income and wealth in the United States. Optimal policy calls for raising all fiscal revenues from consumption, and providing redistribution via a highly progressive wage tax schedule. Capital income and wealth should not be taxed. This policy reduces inequality and increases productivity, and brings large welfare gains relative to the status quo. Around two-thirds of these gains are due to redistribution. Finally, our reform is also welfare improving in the short-run.
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Adame Espinosa, Francisco. Monetary Rules, Financial Stability and Welfare in a non-Ricardian Framework. Banco de México, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36095/banxico/di.2023.14.

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This work is based on a new Keynesian theoretical model for an advanced economy, which incorporates overlapping generations to analyze a channel through which fluctuations in household financial wealth influence aggregate demand. The optimal monetary policy, corresponding to that of a central planner maximizing households' welfare, aims to mitigate financial fluctuations while simultaneously reducing variability in inflation and the output gap. The model is calibrated for the United States and reproduces the effect of variations in the price of financial assets on aggregate demand. The results show, first, that in the presence of productivity, financial, and demand shocks, optimal monetary policy significantly improves aggregate welfare by stabilizing financial fluctuations that impact households' wealth. Secondly, in the face of productivity and financial shocks, an augmented monetary rule responding explicitly to fluctuations in the price of financial assets, in addition to inflation and output gaps, can reproduce the welfare achieved under optimal monetary policy. However, this is not the case for demand shocks.
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Zilberman, David, Amir Heiman, and B. McWilliams. Economics of Marketing and Diffusion of Agricultural Inputs. United States Department of Agriculture, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586469.bard.

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Specific Research Objective. Develop a theory of technology adoption to analyze the role of promotional tools such as advertising, product sampling, demonstrations, money back guarantees and warranties in inducing technological change. Use this theory to develop criteria for assessing the optimal use of marketing activities in launching new agricultural input technologies. Apply the model to analyze existing patterns of marketing budget allocation among promotional tools for various agricultural input industries in the United States and Israel. Background to the Topic. Marketing tools (money-back guarantees [MBG] demonstration, free sampling and advertising) are used extensively to induce the adoption of agricultural inputs, but there is little understanding of their impacts on the diffusion of new technologies. The agricultural economic literature on technology adoption ignores marketing efforts by the private sector, which may result in misleading extension and technology transfer policies. There is a need to integrate marketing and economic approaches in analyzing technology adoption, especially in the area of agricultural inputs. Major Conclusion. Marketing tools play an important role in reducing uncertainties about product performance. They assist potential buyers to learn both about objective features, about a product, and about product fit to the buyer's need. Tools, such as MBGs and demonstration, provide different information about product fit but also require different degrees of cost for the consumer. In some situations they can be complimentary and optimal strategy combines the use of both. In other situations there will be substitution. Sampling is used to reduce the uncertainty about non-durable goods. An optimal level of informational tools declines throughout the life of a product but stays positive at a steady state. Implications. Recognizing the heterogeneity of consumers and the sources of their uncertainty about new technologies is crucial to develop a marketing strategy that will enhance the adoption of innovation. When fit uncertainty is high, allowing an MBG option, as well as a demonstration, may be an optimal strategy to enhance adoption.
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