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Weir, Graeme. "Optimal discrimination of quantum states." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30616/.
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Quantum state discrimination is a fundamental task in the field of quantum communication and quantum information theory. Unless the states to be discriminated are mutually orthogonal, there will be some error in any attempt to determine which state was sent. Several strategies to optimally discriminate between quantum states exist, each maximising some figure of merit. In this thesis we mainly investigate the minimum-error strategy, in which the probability of correctly guessing the signal state is maximised. We introduce a method for constructing the optimal Positive-Operator Valued Measure (POVM) for this figure of merit, which is applicable for arbitrary states and arbitrary prior probabilities. We then use this method to solve minimum-error state discrimination for the so-called trine states with arbitrary prior probabilities - the first such general solution for a set of quantum states since the two-state case was solved when the problem of state discrimination was first introduced. We also investigate the difference between local and global measurements for a bipartite ensemble of states, and find that in certain circumstances the local measurement is superior. We conclude by finding a bipartite analogue to the Helstrom conditions, which indicate when a POVM satisfies the minimum-error criteria.
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Edwards, Simon C. "Optimal feedback control of quantum states." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435452.
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Dzwonchyk, James D. "Optimal selection of Army military construction projects." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Jun%5FDzwonchyk.pdf.
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Persons, Jay. "The United States Army's multi-period optimal readiness allocation model." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5668.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.<br>The U.S. Army has undergone unprecedented change in the last decade, completing an organizational transformation and redesigning its deployment policies. These changes and other factors have resulted in an increase of 107% in equipping requirements between 2003 and 2011, forcing the Army to update its equipping policies. We develop the "multi-period optimal readiness allocation model" (MPORAM) to maximize unit equipment readiness across the force over several years. MPORAM extends an earlier single-period model to account for the dynamic nature of unit priorities, budget, and other factors that vary over the planning horizon. Using a small test case, we observe that MPORAM distributes and/or transfers equipment in anticipation of future demand needs. For example, if one unit cannot improve its readiness in one time period, MPORAM focuses on improving other units" ratings, if possible, regardless of their priorities. Using two realistically-sized cases, we observe that the multi-period solution does not differ notably from the single-period solution. Thus, we cannot make any strong conclusions about the added value of MPORAM in these cases. However, these results are strongly influenced by a large gap between supply and demand, and we expect MPORAM to improve the single-period solution in more balanced cases.
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Greenfield, Elyashiv. "Authority, states and persons : in the search for optimal reconciliation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:64bb4fe6-ec8b-4c8b-b9a8-7b807b1b6d8b.
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The problem of legitimate authority is widely regarded as fundamental to moral and political philosophy. This thesis aims to explain what the problem precisely is, and to offer a practical method for solving it. The starting point is a claim about the phenomenology of the person as an inherently authoritative agent: we are persons, as distinct from mere ‘things’, by virtue of the authority we possess over ourselves. This claim explains, I argue, why there is a problem of legitimate authority – why the exercise of state authority stands in need of justification – and what the problem precisely is: given the inherent tension between the authority of the state on the one hand, and the self-governing authority of persons on the other, the problem of legitimate authority is essentially that of creating the conditions for optimal reconciliation between them. The bulk of the thesis is devoted to a search for a solution to this problem. The ideal solution lies in developing a concept which I call the Authorization Principle. In its most basic form, the principle states that the exercise of state authority is legitimate only when it is exercised to enforce arrangements that all citizens authorize the state to enforce. The conclusion of the thesis is that the principle should be formulated as follows: The exercise of state authority is legitimate insofar as it is exercised within the provisions of a constitutional arrangement constructed through a process that gives equal weight to all the epistemically undefeated concerns in the society regarding the conditions necessary for persons to exercise personal authority. The solution proposed in the thesis for the problem of legitimate authority has three important implications. The first is that it is entirely within the capacity of ordinary democratic societies to solve the problem. The second is that there is no single legitimate way to govern a society. Standards for the legitimate use of state authority are in some way indexed to culture, ability and resources as well as to other aspects of a society’s unique circumstances. The third is that a society cannot settle the problem of legitimate authority once and for all. The state’s arrangement will require revision every so often in order to maintain the legitimacy of state authority.
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Hamzavi-Rad, S. "The optimal control of energy consumption in the United States Economy." Thesis, University of Essex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381927.
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Simpson, Paul Glenn. "Optimal recruiting strategy to minimize U.S. Navy Delayed Entry Program (DEP) attrition." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA346367.
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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 1997.<br>Thesis advisor(s): Rosenthal, Richard E. "December 1997." Includes bibliographical references (p. 109). Also available online.
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Kalyan, Vivek. "A Strategy to Design The Optimal Asian Indian Kitchen In The United States." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1314115138.
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Sousan, Sinan Dhia Jameel. "Optimal interpolation schemes to constrain Pm2.5 In Regional Modeling Over The United States." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3387.
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This thesis presents the use of data assimilation with optimal interpolation (OI) to develop atmospheric aerosol concentration estimates for the United States at high spatial and temporal resolutions. Concentration estimates are highly desirable for a wide range of applications, including visibility, climate, and human health. OI is a viable data assimilation method that can be used to improve Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model fine particulate matter (PM2.5) estimates. PM2.5 is the mass of solid and liquid particles with diameters less than or equal to 2.5 μm suspended in the gas phase. OI was employed by combining model estimates with satellite and surface measurements. The satellite data assimilation combined 36 x 36 km aerosol concentrations from CMAQ with aerosol optical depth (AOD) measured by MODIS and AERONET over the continental United States for 2002. Posterior model concentrations generated by the OI algorithm were compared with surface PM2.5 measurements to evaluate a number of possible data assimilation parameters, including model error, observation error, and temporal averaging assumptions. Evaluation was conducted separately for six geographic U.S. regions in 2002. Variability in model error and MODIS biases limited the effectiveness of a single data assimilation system for the entire continental domain. The best combinations of four settings and three averaging schemes led to a domain-averaged improvement in fractional error from 1.2 to 0.97 and from 0.99 to 0.89 at respective IMPROVE and STN monitoring sites. For 38% of OI results, MODIS OI degraded the forward model skill due to biases and outliers in MODIS AOD.
Surface data assimilation combined 36 × 36 km aerosol concentrations from the CMAQ model with surface PM2.5 measurements over the continental United States for 2002. The model error covariance matrix was constructed by using the observational method. The observation error covariance matrix included site representation that scaled the observation error by land use (i.e. urban or rural locations). In theory, urban locations should have less effect on surrounding areas than rural sites, which can be controlled using site representation error. The annual evaluations showed substantial improvements in model performance with increases in the correlation coefficient from 0.36 (prior) to 0.76 (posterior), and decreases in the fractional error from 0.43 (prior) to 0.15 (posterior). In addition, the normalized mean error decreased from 0.36 (prior) to 0.13 (posterior), and the RMSE decreased from 5.39 μg m-3 (prior) to 2.32 μg m-3 (posterior). OI decreased model bias for both large spatial areas and point locations, and could be extended to more advanced data assimilation methods.
The current work will be applied to a five year (2000-2004) CMAQ simulation aimed at improving aerosol model estimates. The posterior model concentrations will be used to inform exposure studies over the U.S. that relate aerosol exposure to mortality and morbidity rates. Future improvements for the OI techniques used in the current study will include combining both surface and satellite data to improve posterior model estimates. Satellite data have high spatial and temporal resolutions in comparison to surface measurements, which are scarce but more accurate than model estimates. The satellite data are subject to noise affected by location and season of retrieval. The implementation of OI to combine satellite and surface data sets has the potential to improve posterior model estimates for locations that have no direct measurements.
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Corgier, Robin. "Engineered atomic states for precision interferometry." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS186/document.
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La physique moderne repose sur deux théories fondamentales distinctes, la relativité générale et la mécanique quantique. Toutes les deux décrivent d’une part les phénomènes macroscopiques et cosmologiques tels que les ondes gravitationnelles et les trous noirs et d’autre part les phénomènes microscopiques comme la superfluidité ou le spin des particules. L’unification de ces deux théories reste, jusqu’à présent, un problème non résolu. Il est intéressant de noter que les différentes théories de gravité quantique prédisent une violation des principes de la relativité générale à différents niveaux.Il est donc hautement intéressant de détecter les violations de ces principes et de déterminer à quel niveau elles se produisent.De récentes propositions pour effectuer des tests du principe d’ équivalence d’Einstein suggèrent une amélioration spectaculaire des performances en utilisant des capteurs atomiques `a ondes de matière.Dans ce contexte, il est nécessaire de concevoir des états d’entrée de l’interferomètre avec des conditions initiales bien définies. Un test de pointe de l’universalité de la chute libre (Universality of FreeFall en anglais (UFF) ) nécessiterait, par exemple,un contrôle des positions et des vitesses avec une précision de l’ordre de 1 μm et 1 μm.s⁻¹ , respectivement.De plus, les systématiques liées à la taille du paquet d’ondes limitent le taux d’expansion maximum possible à 100 μm.s⁻¹. La création initiale des états d’entrée de l’interféromètre doit être assez rapide,de l’ordre de quelques centaines de ms au maximum,pour que le temps de cycle de l’expérience soit pertinent d’un point de vue métrologique. Dans cette thèse j’ai développé des séquences optimisées s’appuyant sur l’excitation du centre de masse et de la taille d’un ou plusieurs ensembles d’atomes refroidis ainsi que dégénérés. Certaines séquences proposé dans cette thèse ont déjà été implémenté dans des expériences augmentant de manière significative le contrôle des ensembles atomiques<br>Modern physics relies on two distinct fundamental theories, General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics. Both describe on one hand macroscopic and cosmological phenomena such as gravitational waves and black holes and on the other hand microscopic phenomena as superfluidity or the spin of particles. The unification of these two theories remains, so far, an unsolved problem. Interestingly, candidate Quantum Gravity theories predict a violation of the principles of General Relativity at different levels. It is, therefore, of a timely interest to detect violations of these principles and determine at which level they occur. Recent proposals to perform Einstein Equivalence Principle tests suggest a dramatic performance improvement using matter-wave atomic sensors. In this context, the design of the input states with well defined initial conditions is required. A state-of-the-art test of the universality of free fall (UFF) would, for example, require a control of positions and velocities at the level of 1 µm and 1 µm.s⁻¹, respectively. Moreover, sizerelated systematics constrain the maximum expansion rate possible to the 100 µm.s⁻¹level. This initial engineering of the input states has to be quite fast, of the order of few hundred ms at maximum, for the experiment’s duty cycle to be metrologically-relevant. In this thesis I developed optimized sequences based on the excitation of the center of mass and the size excitation of one or two cooled atomic sample as well as degenerated gases. Some sequences proposed in this thesis have already been implemented in experiments and significantly increase the control of atomic ensembles
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Powell, Michael J. "Optimal allocation of assault support aircraft in the sustainment of Marine Corps expeditionary maneuver warfare." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02sep%5FPowell.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2002.<br>Thesis advisor(s): Javier Salmeron, David A. Schrady. Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-53). Also available online.
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Mastrokalou, Effrosyni Efrosini. "Exploring 'optimal' states of consciousness in Michael Chekhov's psychological gesture : towards a new phenomenological paradigm." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/29894.
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This thesis examines key concepts from philosophers Nishida Kitaro, Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Fredriche Nietzsche and applies them to elements of Michael Chekhov’s practice of acting. The three philosophers, in different ways, suggest an ‘optimal’ state, beyond a dualistic separation of the fictive from the real and the visible from the invisible, that challenges seemingly unbridgeable dualisms between inner and outer, subject and object, being and becoming and experiencer and experienced. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze and understand these selected ‘optimal’ modes of consciousness in performance and, therefore, open up new ways of thinking about Michael Chekhov’s acting processes; in particular the ‘Psychological Gesture’. The thesis asks the following questions: 1. How can the application of selected philosophical paradigms to the Psychological Gesture through theory and practice further our understanding of Michael Chekhov’s work? 2. How do selected aspects of the fields of phenomenology, post-phenomenology, cognitive sciences, consciousness studies and philosophy of mind, aid in developing an articulation and understanding of an ‘optimal’ state of consciousness as a necessary aspect of the actor’s performance in Michael Chekhov’s work and theatre practice? 3. How can this project develop the way we are able to talk about Michael Chekhov’s work and wider acting processes?
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Lahiani, Mohamed. "The capital structure puzzle: On the existence of an optimal capital structure." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2350.
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Corporate finance researchers have long been puzzled by low corporate debt ratios given debt's corporate tax advantage. What makes the capital structure debate especially intriguing is that the different theories represent such different, and in some ways almost diametrically opposed, decision-making processes.
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Alkus, Umit. "Transformations Of Entangled Mixed States Of Two Qubits." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615416/index.pdf.
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In this thesis, the entangled mixed states of two qubits are considered. In the case where the matrix rank of the corresponding density matrix is 2, such a state can be purified to a pure state of 3 qubits. By utilizing this representation, the classification of such states of two qubits by stochastic local operations assisted by classical communication (SLOCC) is obtained. Also for such states, the optimal ensemble that appears in the computation of the concurrence and entanglement of formation is obtained.
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Bandyopadhyay, Jogia. "Optimal concentration for SU(1,1) coherent state transforms and an analogue of the Lieb-Wehrl conjecture for SU(1,1)." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24801.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.<br>Committee Chair: Eric A. Carlen; Committee Member: Jean Bellissard; Committee Member: Michael Loss; Committee Member: Predrag Cvitanovic.
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Dahlstrom, Erik A. "An Examination of Arousal States in Novice Whitewater Kayakers During a Weekend Instructional Experience." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1213027065.
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Yuan, Jinchao. "Transition dynamics between the multiple steady states in natural ventilation systems : from theories to applications in optimal controls." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41717.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2007.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 269-274).<br>In this study, we investigated the multiple steady state behavior, an important observation in numerical and experimental studies in natural ventilation systems. The-oretical models are developed and their applications in numerical simulations and ventilation controls are presented. In a system with multiple steady states, how the system reaches different steady states is determined by the initial values of the systems and the dynamical system characteristics of the system. Mathematical models are developed to model the dynamical system behavior of a series of ventilation systems, ranging from simple single-zone systems to complex systems with thermal mass. More importantly, we found that the system can transform from one steady state to another under sufficient perturbations (disturbances) when multiple steady states exist. A successful transition is determined by both the magnitudes and durations of the perturbations. The transition dynamics are found to be important in theoretical, computational, and control applications. For example, the actual stability of a mathematically (or locally) stable steady state is highly correlated to the minimum perturbation requirements for a state transition. If two indicative parameters-the minimum perturbation time and the minimum perturbation magnitude-are small for the system to transit from one steady state to another, a mathematically stable steady state can be unstable in actual conditions, where stochastic disturbances exist as "strong perturbations". Further, building thermal mass is also found to have significant impacts on the state transitions between the multiple steady states. With thermal mass, the state transition becomes more difficult to occur. The state transition dynamics can also be applied to numerical simulations.<br>(cont.) We have developed a convenient dynamical simulation method to identify the possible steady states in buildings with complex geometries and test the stabilities of the obtained steady states. The method can determine nearly all the possible steady state the system may reach in a feasible range using different search methods; whether the steady states obtained are stable in an actual environment can also be determined by a disturbance test based on the transition dynamics between the multiple steady states.Further, the state transition dynamics can be strategically applied in hybrid ventilation controls. In the past, designers and engineers have viewed the multiple steady states as negative aspect of ventilation design and have been trying to avoid the multiple steady states as much as possible. In this study, we have developed positive applications of multiple steady states based on a dynamic state transition in real-time to enhance the ventilation efficiency of a hybrid ventilation system and to reduce the energy usage in buildings. A coupled multi-zone airflow and thermal program for transient entire building simulations is also developed in parallel with the study. With the understanding on the multiple steady state issues, the developed program has overcome a few non-trivial numerical problems reported in other similar simulation programs and has shown good numerical performance in coupled airflow and thermal analysis. The program is also used as a tool for identifying the multiple steady states in buildings with complex geometries and for testing the actual stabilities of the obtained steady states in real conditions.<br>by Jinchao Yuan.<br>Ph.D.
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Fourestey, Gilles. "Simulation numérique et contrôle optimal d'intéractions fluide incompressible / structure par une méthode de Lagrange-Galerkin d'ordre 2 : Applications aux ouvrages d'art." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENPC0224.
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Du, Rand Sussara Maria. "Standards to facilitate optimal experiences of short-term study abroad nursing students at a higher education institution." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020659.
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Advances in technology have made globalization and internationalization a reality in the world. National borders are becoming more permeable and migration of goods, services, and health care workers takes place more readily. Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) have become competitors and vendors in the global knowledge economy and are expected to develop job seekers that are responsible and engaged global citizens and employees. Offering study abroad programmes is one of the ways that HEIs achieve this goal. It is estimated that in 2010, 4.7 million people studied abroad (OECD, 2012:360), and it is anticipated that this number will grow to 15 million by the year 2025 (Altbach & Knight, 2006:9). South Africa is emerging as a regional hub for study and research in sub-Saharan Africa (UNESCO: 2012b). Many organizations that train nurses are internationalizing their curriculum which effectively means that Schools of Nursing are seeking placement for students to study, gain insight into other cultures and practices, and to gain clinical experience in other countries. Students, the customers of the Higher Education Institutions, often pay large sums of money to undertake these study abroad programmes and therefore expect good quality learning experiences in return. The aim of this qualitative, contextual, exploratory, and descriptive study was to explore and describe the expectations and experiences of international nursing students and faculty members at a Higher Educational Institution in South Africa in order to develop standards that will enable HEIs to optimize the experiences of short-term study abroad nursing students. An in-depth contextual investigation was conducted on globalization and internationalization, as well as the higher education and health systems of three countries to understand the context of the study abroad programmes. Qualitative data was gathered from students and faculty members using focus groups and individual interviews to establish their expectations and experiences of the programme. Thematic synthesis was carried out on the contextual data and the qualitative data. Thereafter, thematic synthesis analysis was conducted using both sets of results to develop standards that can be used to optimize the experience of short-term study abroad nursing students at a HEI. A total of 35 standards were developed around the following main themes: the objectives of study abroad programmes should be stated clearly before arrival and include the expectations of the global, national, and local communities, the higher education institution and the staff and students; study abroad programmes should be managed in an ethical manner and in an enabling environment, as part of their strategic goals and plans of a HEI; students should be exposed to a variety of experiences and differences between the sending and hosting countries during their study abroad programmes; Standards to Facilitate Optimal Experiences of Short-term Study Abroad Nursing Students at a HEI; study abroad programmes should be evaluated at different intervals and levels to ensure quality of the programmes and to ensure that the objectives/outcomes are met. A limitation of the study was the sampling of the clinical mentors which did not include representatives from the overseas universities. It is recommended that the standards that were developed in this study be introduced and tested in HEIs and that more research be conducted on different levels and groups with regard to study abroad programmes in future.
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Nabolsi, Hawraa. "Contrôle optimal des équations d'évolution et ses applications." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0027/document.
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Dans cette thèse, tout d’abord, nous faisons l’Analyse Mathématique du modèle exact du chauffage radiatif d’un corps semi-transparent $\Omega$ par une source radiative noire qui l’entoure. Il s’agit donc d’étudier le couplage d’un système d’Equations de Transfert Radiatif avec condition au bord de réflectivité indépendantes avec une équation de conduction de la chaleur non linéaire avec condition limite non linéaire de type Robin. Nous prouvons l’existence et l’unicité de la solution et nous démontrons des bornes uniformes sur la solution et les intensités radiatives dans chaque bande de longueurs d’ondes pour laquelle le corps est semi-transparent, en fonction de bornes sur les données, Deuxièmement, nous considérons le problème du contrôle optimal de la température absolue à l’intérieur du corps semi-transparent $\Omega$ en agissant sur la température absolue de la source radiative noire qui l’entoure. À cet égard, nous introduisons la fonctionnelle coût appropriée et l’ensemble des contrôles admissibles $T_{S}$, pour lesquels nous prouvons l’existence de contrôles optimaux. En introduisant l’espace des états et l’équation d’état, une condition nécessaire de premier ordre pour qu’un contrôle $T_{S}$ : t ! $T_{S}$ (t) soit optimal, est alors dérivée sous la forme d’une inéquation variationnelle en utilisant le théorème des fonctions implicites et le problème adjoint. Ensuite, nous considérons le problème de l’existence et de l’unicité d’une solution faible des équations de la thermoviscoélasticité dans une formulation mixte de type Hellinger- Reissner, la nouveauté par rapport au travail de M.E. Rognes et R. Winther (M3AS, 2010) étant ici l’apparition de la viscosité dans certains coefficients de l’équation constitutive, viscosité qui dépend dans ce contexte de la température absolue T(x, t) et donc en particulier du temps t. Enfin, nous considérons dans ce cadre le problème du contrôle optimal de la déformation du corps semi-transparent $\Omega$, en agissant sur la température absolue de la source radiative noire qui l’entoure. Nous prouvons l’existence d’un contrôle optimal et nous calculons la dérivée Fréchet de la fonctionnelle coût réduite<br>This thesis begins with a rigorous mathematical analysis of the radiative heating of a semi-transparent body made of glass, by a black radiative source surrounding it. This requires the study of the coupling between quasi-steady radiative transfer boundary value problems with nonhomogeneous reflectivity boundary conditions (one for each wavelength band in the semi-transparent electromagnetic spectrum of the glass) and a nonlinear heat conduction evolution equation with a nonlinear Robin boundary condition which takes into account those wavelengths for which the glass behaves like an opaque body. We prove existence and uniqueness of the solution, and give also uniform bounds on the solution i.e. on the absolute temperature distribution inside the body and on the radiative intensities. Now, we consider the temperature $T_{S}$ of the black radiative source S surrounding the semi-transparent body $\Omega$ as the control variable. We adjust the absolute temperature distribution (x, t) 7! T(x, t) inside the semi-transparent body near a desired temperature distribution Td(·, ·) during the time interval of radiative heating ]0, tf [ by acting on $T_{S}$. In this respect, we introduce the appropriate cost functional and the set of admissible controls $T_{S}$, for which we prove the existence of optimal controls. Introducing the State Space and the State Equation, a first order necessary condition for a control $T_{S}$ : t 7! $T_{S}$ (t) to be optimal is then derived in the form of a Variational Inequality by using the Implicit Function Theorem and the adjoint problem. We come now to the goal problem which is the deformation of the semi-transparent body $\Omega$ by heating it with a black radiative source surrounding it. We introduce a weak mixed formulation of this thermoviscoelasticity problem and study the existence and uniqueness of its solution, the novelty here with respect to the work of M.E. Rognes et R. Winther (M3AS, 2010) being the apparition of the viscosity in some of the coefficients of the constitutive equation, viscosity which depends on the absolute temperature T(x, t) and thus in particular on the time t. Finally, we state in this setting the related optimal control problem of the deformation of the semi-transparent body $\Omega$, by acting on the absolute temperature of the black radiative source surrounding it. We prove the existence of an optimal control and we compute the Fréchet derivative of the associated reduced cost functional
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Lai, Eugene Chang Fu. "An investigation into optimal stock option compensation : a thesis presented in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Finance at Massey University." Massey University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1344.
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Throughout twentieth century, it has become increasingly common for executives to be remunerated with stock options, contracts which allow the recipient to buy company stock at a predetermined price, thus giving the incentive to maximize the stock price in order to increase the value of the stock option contract. Not only has stock option compensation become increasingly prevalent to executives at most major listed companies, but also to employees at all levels of the firm, both big and small. However, along with the growth in popularity, stock option compensation also became a topic of contention, not only among the general public, but among lobbyists, legislators and academics. This thesis aims to provide a better understanding of stock option compensation practice, with a particular emphasis on the United States, where stock option compensation is most prevalent. The thesis is divided into three chapters: the first chapter deals with establishing a foundational understanding of stock option practice and possible drivers through investigating the literature on the history of stock option compensation practice in the US. The second chapter develops a holistic theoretical model of an optimal stock option compensation package to possibly explain some practice currently considered as excessive. Then lastly, the third chapter empirically tests the validity of possible drivers of executive stock option policy in recent times in an attempt to identify whether current practice is optimal or not. The first chapter is primarily a literature review, covering a series of events over the history of stock option compensation in the US, ranging from its early beginnings in the early twentieth century until the present day. Included in the coverage of significant events are: legislation impacting tax benefits for corporate and for recipients; “landmark” events such as the first case of “broad-based” option compensation resulting in companies following a standard business practice; trends in the stock market; academic theory of the development of agency theory which supports the use of tools such as equity based compensation, and the development of major option valuation models; the possible impact of accounting standards; and the possibly impact of major bankruptcies or unethical behavior directly or indirectly tied to executive stock option compensation. The second chapter follows with a theoretical approach to understanding stock option compensation trends by analyzing the major benefits and costs associated with stock options. The model developed differs to most other existing optimization models as it does not focus on one set of benefits or factors, rather a more holistic approach is taken. Using a holistic approach, this model also helps explain how levels of compensation that are considered excessive under an optimisation model based only incentive benefits, can actually be optimal for the firm once other costs and benefits are incorporated. The model also aims to provide an alternative explanation to the managerial power hypothesis to explain why the buoyancy of the market may be positively correlated with compensation levels. This is explained by the impact of the buoyancy of the market on the likelihood of stock option exercise, and the costs and benefits either unconditional, partially conditional or conditional on options being exercised. In addition, smaller companies are also found to benefit from stock options more than larger firms due to some of the unconditional benefits, in particular, the ability to attract higher quality talent which can also help small firms fulfil untapped potential. Lastly, the model also provides useful insight into the appropriateness of using of foregone option premiums as the economic opportunity cost of granting stock options. The third chapter aims to empirically test the impact of several factors brought up in Chapter One that may help explain changes in compensation that occurred at the turn of the century. These major factors analyzed are: 1) the bull market prior to and the bear market following the market crash of 2000, 2) changes in accounting standards for equity based compensation, and 3) possible public perception of corruption following several major bankruptcies associated with poor ethics in 2002. Mixed evidence is found regarding the impact of market cycles. These findings include cycles to be linked to granting options out-of-the-money, a general inverse relationship with the levels of stock option compensation with the buoyancy of the market, expected for companies managing incentives, and finally there are indications companies ceased granting options based on poor company stock price performance prior to 2001. Other findings indicate the possible influence of accounting standards on economic decisions as well as the broad impact of events surrounding 2001-2, even though they have no economic impact. On the one hand, decreases in stock option compensation levels is shown to be linked to accounting decisions, however, there is insufficient evidence to support the argument that firm-wide decision making to cease granting stock options completely was based on accounting decisions.
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Parker, Matthew. "Optical Tamm states for novel optical and quantum optical devices." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/111ef532-59fa-49f6-a770-acb3003caf7f.
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The growth in demand for bright, efficient and solid state single-photon sources (SPSs) over the last decades has occurred concurrently with the appearance of quantum information applications that employ the quantized nature of photons. This has led to the development of innovative and complex photonic structures that seek to maximize the quality (Q) factor and coupling rate between a single-emitter (such as quantum dots) and a collectible mode. In this thesis I propose that optical Tamm states, an analogue to the electronic Tamm surface states that occur where a periodic material is terminated at an interface, are a potential alternative to these structures for SPSs and other optical devices. Tamm plasmons (TPs), which occur at the interface of a Bragg mirror and metal layer, has the further attraction that confinement can be added by changing the dimensions of the metal layer. In this thesis I will demonstrate the first measured interaction of quantum dots (QDs) within a confined TP (CTP) at 1.3 um. A simulation study is used to explore their mode behaviour as a function of various parameters, such as metal layer thickness and shape, and the tolerance to emitter position within the mode. New physical phenomena and insights into the effect on collection efficiency are demonstrated, as is a general method for optimizing efficiency of low Q photonic structures, such as confined TPs and low Q micropillars, for SPSs. Finally, these structures are fabricated and characterized. The photoluminescence collected through the top of the device is shown to increase by at least an order of magnitude compared to when the metal layer is absent, showing QD coupling to the mode. This effect is successfully utilized to make CTP photodetectors. These results demonstrate that CTPs are suitable modes for making scalable SPSs.
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Jóhannesson, Gísli Hólmar. "Optimal hyperplanar transition state theory /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11549.
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Sangarpaul, Anil Kumar. "Nonlinear coupled-states in optical waveguides." Thesis, University of Salford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308294.
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Lord, Angus. "Localised states in nonlinear optical systems." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248315.
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Mekarapiruk, Wichaya. "Optimal control of state constrained systems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0028/MQ51603.pdf.
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Buccheri, Alexander. "Modelling the optical properties of semiconducting nanostructures." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:67d66b15-c5b1-4bb1-806c-6cc22d0eb482.
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In this thesis we describe the development of a real-space implementation of the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) and use it in conjunction with a semi-empirical tight-binding model to investigate the optoelectronic properties of colloidal quantum- confined nanostructures. This novel implementation exploits the limited radial extent and small size of the atomic orbital basis to treat finite systems containing up to ∼4000 atoms in a fully many-body framework. In the first part of this thesis our tight-binding model is initially benchmarked on zincblende CdSe nanocrystals, before subsequently being used to investigate the electronic states of zincblende CdSe nanoplatelets as a function of thickness. The band-edge electronic states are found to show minimal variation for a range of thicknesses and the results of our tight-binding model show good agreement with those predicted using a 14-band k·p model for a nanoplatelet of 4 monolayers (ML) in thickness. Optical absorption spectra were also computed in the independent-particle approximation. While the results of the tight-binding model show good agreement with those of the 14-band k·p model in the low-energy region of the spectrum, agreement with experiment was poor. This reflects the need for a many-body treatment of optical absorption in nanoplatelet systems. In the second part of this thesis we apply our tight-binding plus BSE model to study the excitonic properties of CdSe nanocrystals and nanoplatelets. Simulations performed on CdSe nanocrystals examined an approximation of the BSE equivalent to configuration interaction singles (CIS), and found that both the optical gap and the low-energy spectral features were unaffected by the approximation. A comparison of exciton binding energies with those predicted by CIS demonstrates the sensitivity of results to the exact treatment of dielectric screening and the decision of whether or not to screen exchange. Our model predicts optical gaps that are in strong agreement with average experimental data for all but the smallest diameters, but was not able to reproduce low-energy spectral features that were fully consistent with experiment. This was attributed to the absence of the spin-orbit interaction in the model. Simulations performed on CdSe nanoplatelets investigate the optical gaps and exciton binding energies as a function of thickness. Exciton binding energies were found to reach ∼200 meV for the thinnest system, however, optical gaps were slightly overestimated in comparison to experiment. This is attributed to the reduced lateral dimensions used in our simulations and our bulk treatment of dielectric screening. A two-dimensional treatment of dielectric screening is expected to further increase binding energies. Calculations of the excitonic absorption spectrum reproduce the characteristic spectral features observed in experiment, and show strong agreement with the spectra of nanoplatelets, with thicknesses ranging from 3 ML to 5 ML.
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Vaicenavicius, Juozas. "Optimal Sequential Decisions in Hidden-State Models." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Matematiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-320809.
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This doctoral thesis consists of five research articles on the general topic of optimal decision making under uncertainty in a Bayesian framework. The papers are preceded by three introductory chapters. Papers I and II are dedicated to the problem of finding an optimal stopping strategy to liquidate an asset with unknown drift. In Paper I, the price is modelled by the classical Black-Scholes model with unknown drift. The first passage time of the posterior mean below a monotone boundary is shown to be optimal. The boundary is characterised as the unique solution to a nonlinear integral equation. Paper II solves the same optimal liquidation problem, but in a more general model with stochastic regime-switching volatility. An optimal liquidation strategy and various structural properties of the problem are determined. In Paper III, the problem of sequentially testing the sign of the drift of an arithmetic Brownian motion with the 0-1 loss function and a constant cost of observation per unit of time is studied from a Bayesian perspective. Optimal decision strategies for arbitrary prior distributions are determined and investigated. The strategies consist of two monotone stopping boundaries, which we characterise in terms of integral equations. In Paper IV, the problem of stopping a Brownian bridge with an unknown pinning point to maximise the expected value at the stopping time is studied. Besides a few general properties established, structural properties of an optimal strategy are shown to be sensitive to the prior. A general condition for a one-sided optimal stopping region is provided. Paper V deals with the problem of detecting a drift change of a Brownian motion under various extensions of the classical Wiener disorder problem. Monotonicity properties of the solution with respect to various model parameters are studied. Also, effects of a possible misspecification of the underlying model are explored.
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Eleftheriadou, Electra. "Quantum optical state comparison amplification." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2015. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24911.
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Quantum signals have intriguing properties and a characteristic feature of them is their intrinsic noise. This results in uncertainty relations restricting our ability to measure conjugate variables with absolute precision simultaneously. In the context of amplification, this noise forbids an unknown quantum signal to be amplified perfectly in a deterministic manner. In the first part of this thesis we propose a method to amplify coherent states probabilistically. Our method is based on coherent state comparison and photon subtraction. We found that for an input chosen at random from a binary set of states, under certain circumstances the fidelity can reach 100%. The probability of success is very high (~ 10 - 40%) and it increases with gain. We tested the experimental performance of our protocol for a gain of g² = 1:8 and verified that the experimental results were in line with the theoretical predictions. For an input state chosen from a binary set the fidelity was > 98% and the success rate of our amplifier was > 26000 ampli ed states per second. In the second part of the thesis we propose a new form of orbital angular momentum and angle states. These states consist of a sum of overlapping Gaussians in the angular position representation. We calculated both the uncertainty product and the entropic uncertainty relation for orbital angular momentum and angle. We found that in both cases our new states have a lower uncertainty than the intelligent states. Bringing all results together, our proposals have implications in quantum communications: as our amplification protocol gives a perfect fidelity while maintaining a high success probability it can find application as a quantum optical repeater, and as our overlapping Gaussian states are well-defined for any value of the angular uncertainty and have lower uncertainty relations than the intelligent states, they could find applications in protocols exploiting the high-dimensional basis of orbital angular momentum states.
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Curley, Jonathan David. "Redistribution of Rydberg states by terahertz radiation." W&M ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623989.
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We present the technique and results of our study of the redistribution of Rydberg states in barium by a half cycle pulse (HCP). A survey of previous research concerning the interaction of half cycle pulses with Rydberg atoms reveals a lack of experimental data in the area of state redistribution. This is primarily due to an inability to identify the redistributed states accurately using the currently available tool: selective field ionization (SFI). We present the limitations of SFI as a state identification tool. We then present a survey of isolated core excitation as a state identification tool, along with its limitations in dealing with a mixture of states. Combining SFI and ICE overcomes these limitations and allows for the accurate characterization of a mixture of Rydberg states, as found in HCP redistribution. We present our results for the HCP redistribution of a series of ns and nd initial states, for n from 30 to 40, at various HCP intensities. These results primarily involved single photon transitions, confining us to the linear regime. Analyzing the results of these redistributions with respect to the energy difference between initial and final states yielded information about the frequency structure, after transmission to the interaction region, of the HCP. This led us to postulate on the effects of diffraction on the HCP. We conclude with several suggestions for the improvement of the experimental system, as well as a direction for future research.
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Kehr, Susanne C., Frederik Kuschewski, Bert Green, Ch Bauer, Lukas M. Eng, and Michael Gensch. "Optical nanoscopy of transient states in condensed matter." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-192425.
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Recently, the fundamental and nanoscale understanding of complex phenomena in materials research and the life sciences, witnessed considerable progress. However, elucidating the underlying mechanisms, governed by entangled degrees of freedom such as lattice, spin, orbit, and charge for solids or conformation, electric potentials, and ligands for proteins, has remained challenging. Techniques that allow for distinguishing between different contributions to these processes are hence urgently required. In this paper we demonstrate the application of scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) as a novel type of nano-probe for tracking transient states of matter. We introduce a sideband-demodulation technique that allows for probing exclusively the stimuli-induced change of near-field optical properties. We exemplify this development by inspecting the decay of an electron-hole plasma generated in SiGe thin films through near-infrared laser pulses. Our approach can universally be applied to optically track ultrafast/-slow processes over the whole spectral range from UV to THz frequencies.
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Kehr, Susanne C., Frederik Kuschewski, Bert Green, Ch Bauer, Lukas M. Eng, and Michael Gensch. "Optical nanoscopy of transient states in condensed matter." Nature Publishing Group, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29152.
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Recently, the fundamental and nanoscale understanding of complex phenomena in materials research and the life sciences, witnessed considerable progress. However, elucidating the underlying mechanisms, governed by entangled degrees of freedom such as lattice, spin, orbit, and charge for solids or conformation, electric potentials, and ligands for proteins, has remained challenging. Techniques that allow for distinguishing between different contributions to these processes are hence urgently required. In this paper we demonstrate the application of scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) as a novel type of nano-probe for tracking transient states of matter. We introduce a sideband-demodulation technique that allows for probing exclusively the stimuli-induced change of near-field optical properties. We exemplify this development by inspecting the decay of an electron-hole plasma generated in SiGe thin films through near-infrared laser pulses. Our approach can universally be applied to optically track ultrafast/-slow processes over the whole spectral range from UV to THz frequencies.
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Bartley, Tim J. "Experimental entanglement distillation of continuous-variable optical states." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:969147ec-cf16-4c03-9c5b-14c0673c5624.
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Entangled photons are ideally suited to the transmission of photonic quantum information. Mitigating the effects of decoherence is fundamental to distributing photonic entanglement across large distances. One such proposal is entanglement distillation, in which operations on a large ensemble of weakly entangled states generate a smaller ensemble of more strongly entangled states. In this thesis, we experimentally and theoretically analyse various tools required for demonstrating continuous-variable (CV) entanglement distillation, following the proposal by Browne et al., [Phys. Rev. A <b>67</b>, 062320 (2003)]. Specifically, we propose figures of merit to account for the practical limitations of non-deterministic non-Gaussian operations, and analyse the experimental parameters necessary to optimise them. We develop a source of pulsed two-mode squeezed states, which are the initial states of our entanglement distillation protocol. We use weak-field homodyne detection as a phase-dependent photon counting detector, and demonstrate its utility in conditional state generation. Using these states, we demonstrate sub-binomial light as a tool for benchmarking quantum states. Finally, we applied two-mode weak-field homodyne detection to two entangled states and demonstrate correlations in the photon counting statistics which depend on a joint phase from two independent local oscillators. This setup is sufficient to apply an entanglement witness developed by Puentes et al. [New J. Phys. <b>12</b>, 033042 (2010)]. Despite encouraging simulations, we do not witness entanglement with this scheme, which we attribute to a noise source unaccounted for in the simulations. Although we do not demonstrate entanglement distillation outright, the tools we develop to do so represent a general, hybrid approach to CV quantum optics. Developing tools such as phase-resolved projective measurement on two-mode states allows us to probe both the wave and particle nature of entangled light at the single-photon level. Using and expanding these techniques to probe larger quantum systems may prove useful in studies of fundamental physics and quantum enhanced technologies.
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Bonato, Christian. "Generation, characterization and applications of optical entangled states." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426742.
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This work concerns the generation of optical entangled states by means of parametric down-conversion and their applications in the fields of quantum metrology and quantum information.
Particularly we studied the manipulation of multiparameter entanglement by means of adaptive optics, demonstrating a way to improve entanglement visibility with type-II downconversion in the case of large detection apertures and a spatial counterpart to quantum dispersion-cancellation.
Moreover, we worked on satellite quantum information, demonstrating the feasibility of single photon exchange between a LEO satellite and a ground station.
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Bacon, Catherine Jane. "Vitamin D status : determinants, optimal levels, and supplementation." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/5835.
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Vitamin D deficiency, indicated by the circulating metabolite 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], can lead to osteomalacia, increased fracture risk in the elderly, and may increase the risk of other medical conditions. However, optimal levels of 25(OH)D are uncertain, with some cross-sectional studies suggesting optimal levels of >75 nmol/L. This thesis assessed optimal levels of vitamin D and strategies for its supplementation.
In a trial of high-dose vitamin D3
regimens in frail elderly, data suggest that 25(OH)D levels of 40 ��� 50 nmol/L may be sufficient. In the same study, calcium intake appeared to modify the relationship between 25(OH)D and PTH and subsequent estimates of optimal 25(OH)D based on these data may be lower when calcium intake is >1552 mg/day. It was also noted that large loading doses (500 000 IU) rapidly normalise 25(OH)D levels, whilst monthly 50 000 IU doses were also effective but took 3 ��� 5 months to reach plateau.
An analysis of adverse events recorded for a 5-year calcium trial in postmenopausal women showed that whilst season-adjusted baseline 25(OH)D levels <50 nmol/L increased the risk of stroke and a composite event (stroke, myocardial infarcton or sudden death) compared to levels ���50 nmol/L, these effects disappeared when adjustment for baseline confounders was made.
Data from two studies indicate that vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is prevalent amongst urban Chinese women of childbearing age, and that in the Auckland region young Maori and Pacific women and children and adults of Middle Eastern, Southern Asian and African ethnicity are over-represented in the group of people identified as vitamin D deficient or insufficient. In a final study of middle-aged and older New Zealand men, more than half (55%) reported use of dietary supplements which may make a contribution to vitamin D status.
In conclusion, data here suggest that 25(OH)D levels of 50 nmol/L may be satisfactory for bone health, that large loading doses of vitamin D3 are safe with respect to hypercalcaemia and effective, and that a number of non-elderly populations are at high risk of having insufficient vitamin D status.
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Kerimi, Neda. "Reaching for the optimal : The role of optimal alternatives in pre-decision making stages." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Psychology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6711.
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<p>It was hypothesized that in a decision-making situation, individuals will not only think of an optimal alternative but also as the most promising alternative, choose the alternative that is closest to their optimal alternative. Therefore, based on participants’ optimal alternative, five alternatives, each equal in terms of constant Multi-attribute Utility, were presented to participants. Two of the alternatives were constructed to be most similar to the participant’s optimal alternative, two alternatives were associated with two non-compensatory rules, and one alternative was not linked to any decision making rule. Results showed that participants thought not only of an optimal alternative in the given decision-making situation, they also chose the alternative that was most similar to their optimal. This alternative also got highest preference ratings. These findings present an optimal alternative. In addition, they demonstrate the influence that such an alternative have on the outcome in a decision-making situation.</p>
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Douangaphaivong, Thaveephone NMN. "Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) manpower requirements analysis." Thesis, Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1272.
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Approved for public release; distribution in unlimited.<br>The Littoral Combat Ship's (LCS) minimally manned core crew goal is 15 to 50 manpower requirements and the threshold, for both core and mission-package crews, is 75 to 110. This dramatically smaller crew size will require more than current technologies and past lessons learned from reduced manning initiatives. Its feasibility depends upon changes in policy and operations, leveraging of future technologies and increased Workload Transfer from sea to shore along with an increased acceptance of risk. A manpower requirements analysis yielded a large baseline (200) requirement to support a notional LCS configuration. Combining the common systems from the General Dynamics and Lockheed Martin designs with other assumed equipments (i.e. the combined diesel and gas turbine (CODAG) engineering plant) produce the notional LCS configuration used as the manpower requirements basis. The baseline requirement was reduced through the compounded effect of manpower savings from Smart Ship and OME and suggested paradigm shifts. A Battle Bill was then created to support the notional LCS during Conditions of Readiness I and III. An efficient force deployment regime was adopted to reduce the overall LCS class manpower requirement. The efficiency gained enables the LCS force to "flex" and satisfy deployment requirements with 25% to 30% fewer manpower requirements over the "one-forone" crewing concept. costs $60K.<br>Lieutenant, United States Navy
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Tylutki, Marcus A. "Optimal response through policy and state-based modeling /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Melikechi, N. "The role of real intermediate states in two-photon absorption." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377074.
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Sopaheluwakan, Ardhasena. "Characterization and simulation of localized states in optical structures." Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2006. http://doc.utwente.nl/57621.
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Brigham, Mark Daniel. "Optical control of mammalian endogenous transcription and epigenetic states." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11363.
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The dynamic nature of gene expression enables cellular programming, homeostasis and environmental adaptation in living systems. Dissection of causal gene functions in cellular and organismal processes therefore necessitates approaches that enable spatially and temporally precise modulation of gene expression. Recently, a variety of microbial and plant-derived light-sensitive proteins have been engineered as optogenetic actuators, enabling high-precision spatiotemporal control of many cellular functions. However, versatile and robust technologies that enable optical modulation of transcription in the mammalian endogenous genome remain elusive. Here we describe the development of light-inducible transcriptional effectors (LITEs), an optogenetic two-hybrid system integrating the customizable TALE DNA-binding domain with the light-sensitive cryptochrome 2 protein and its interacting partner CIB1 from Arabidopsis thaliana. LITEs do not require additional exogenous chemical cofactors, are easily customized to target many endogenous genomic loci, and can be activated within minutes with reversibility. LITEs can be packaged into viral vectors and genetically targeted to probe specific cell populations. We have applied this system in primary mouse neurons, as well as in the brain of freely behaving mice in vivo to mediate reversible modulation of mammalian endogenous gene expression as well as targeted epigenetic chromatin modifications. We explore the modularity of the LITE approach through the development of CRISPR/Cas9 transcriptional effectors in either constitutively active or light-inducible contexts. The LITE system establishes a novel mode of optogenetic control of endogenous cellular processes and enables direct testing of the causal roles of genetic and epigenetic regulation in normal biological processes and disease states.<br>Engineering and Applied Sciences
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van, Kleef Eduard Hendrik. "Optical preparation of reagent states in molecular dynamics investigations." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357947.
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Dhoot, Anoop Singh. "Optical probing of excited states in conjugated polymer devices." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272179.
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Murdin, Benedict Neil. "Magneto-optical and non-linear optical spectroscopy of semiconductors." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1450.
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Sosa-Martinez, H., N. K. Lysne, C. H. Baldwin, A. Kalev, I. H. Deutsch, and P. S. Jessen. "Experimental Study of Optimal Measurements for Quantum State Tomography." AMER PHYSICAL SOC, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626284.
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Quantum tomography is a critically important tool to evaluate quantum hardware, making it essential to develop optimized measurement strategies that are both accurate and efficient. We compare a variety of strategies using nearly pure test states. Those that are informationally complete for all states are found to be accurate and reliable even in the presence of errors in the measurements themselves, while those designed to be complete only for pure states are far more efficient but highly sensitive to such errors. Our results highlight the unavoidable trade-offs inherent in quantum tomography.
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Wang, Zhibing. "MPLS based state-dependnet optimal routing in IP networks." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19603.
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A new QoS routing mechanism is proposed for MPLS capable networks to achieve global optimal route selection. The functional capabilities, which are necessary for optimizing bandwidth allocation and route selection, are identified and modeled. We focus on the design of an appropriate algorithm to combine label-switching technologies with State-Dependent routing. The algorithm, which takes into account resource utilization cost (RUC) and all available routes, is believed to be able to accomplish superior network utilization and quality of service. We devise both a centralized and a decentralized routing mechanism. The performances of both routing mechanisms are simulated and the results are analyzed. In addition, the expressions of RUC for packet-switched networks are proposed and validated.
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Kapolka, Tyler J. (Tyler Joseph). "A partial state collocation method for covariance optimal control." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119908.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Cataloged student-submitted from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 121-123).<br>An overview is presented for two methods of incorporating the covariance in an optimal control problem. Including the covariance in the optimal control problem can be beneficial in the field of navigation where it is desirable to design trajectories which either minimize navigation error or maximize observability for instrument calibration. The full state collocation method uses Legendre Gauss Radau collocation to discretize the deterministic states and controls as well as the unique elements of the covariance matrix. The problem is then transcribed to a nonlinear progamming problem (NLP) and is solved with an NLP solver. This method, however, results in problems with many constraints and variables, which is computationally expensive. The partial state collocation method, the main focus of this thesis, collocates the deterministic states and controls but uses a shooting method to incorporate the covariance matrix. The problem is then transcribed to a nonlinear programming problem, which has fewer constraints and variables than the full state collocation method. Both of these methods are demonstrated by solving for the trajectory that minimizes the final position uncertainty for a spacecraft reentering Earth's atmosphere. The problem is tested with different sized covariance matrices, which shows how the time it takes to solve the problem increases as the covariance matrix increases in size. The partial state collocation method is generally faster and converges in fewer NLP iterations than the full state collocation method. As the covariance matrix increases in size, the time it takes to solve the problem increases at a smaller rate for the partial state collocation method.<br>by Tyler J. Kapolka.<br>S.M.
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Scott, C. Patrick. "ESSAYS IN OPTIMAL MONETARY POLICY AND STATE-SPACE ECONOMETRICS." Diss., Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15895.
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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Department of Economics<br>Steven P. Cassou<br>This dissertation consists of three essays relating to asymmetric preferences in optimal monetary policy models. Optimal monetary policy models are theoretical optimal control problems that seek to identify how the monetary authority makes decisions and ultimately formulate decision rules for monetary policy actions. These models are important to policy makers because they help to define expectations of policy responses by the central bank. By identifying how researchers perceive the central bank’s actions over time, the monetary authority can identify how to manage those expectations better and formulate effective policy measures.
In chapter 1, using a model of an optimizing monetary authority which has preferences that weigh inflation and unemployment, Ruge-Murcia (2003a; 2004) finds empirical evidence that the monetary authority has asymmetric preferences for unemployment. We extend this model to weigh inflation and output and show that the empirical evidence using these series also supports an asymmetric preference hypothesis, only in our case, preferences are asymmetricforoutput. Wealsofindevidencethatthemonetaryauthoritytargetspotential output rather than some higher output level as would be the case in an extended Barro and Gordon (1983) model.
Chapter 2 extends the asymmetric monetary policy problem of Surico (2007) by relaxing the assumption that inflation and interest rate targets are constant using a time varying parameter approach. By estimating a system of equations using iterative maximum likeli- hood, all of the monetary planner’s structural parameters are identified. Evidence indicates that the inflation and interest rate targets are not constant over time for all models esti- mated. Results also indicate that the Federal Reserve does exhibit asymmetric preferences toward inflationary and output gap movements for the full data sample. The results are
robust when accounting for changing monetary policy targeting behavior in an extended model. The asymmetry for both inflation and output gaps disappears over the post-Volcker subsample, as in Surico (2007).
In chapter 3, Walsh (2003b)’s speed limit objective function is generalized to allow for asymmetry of policy response. A structural model is estimated using unobserved compo- nents to account for core inflation and measure the output gap as in Harvey, Trimbur and Van Dijk (2007) and Harvey (2011). Full sample estimates provide evidence for asymmetry in changes in inflation over time, but reject asymmetry for the traditional speed limit for the output gap. Post-Volcker subsample estimates see asymmetry disappear as in a more traditional asymmetric preferences model like Surico (2007).
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Rubin, Fredrik, and Gustav Ekman. "Portfolio Inversion : Finding Market State Probabilities From Optimal Portfolios." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230166.
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In this project, we aim to find a method for obtainingthe factors in a bull/bear market factor model for asset returnand variance, given an optimal portfolio. The proposed methodwas derived using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditionsfor optimal solutions to the convex Markowitz portfolio selectionproblem. For synthetic data where all necessary parameters wereknown exactly, the method could give bounds on the factors. Theexact values of the factors were obtained when short selling wasallowed, and in some instances when short selling was forbidden.The method was evaluated on real-world data with varyingresults, possibly due to estimation errors and invalid assumptionsabout the model of the investor.I. INTRODUC<br>Målet med detta projekt var att utveckla en metod som givet en optimal portfölj returnerar sannolikheter för tjur-/björnmarknad. Dessa sannolikheter är faktorer i en faktormodell, vilken modellerar tillgångars förväntade avkastning samt variansen i deras avkastning. Den föreslagna metoden härleddes från Karush- Kuhn-Tucker-villkoren som uppfylls av optimala lösningar till det konvexa Markowitz-problemet. För syntetiska data där alla nödvändiga parametrar var kända exakt kunde metoden ge undre och övre gränser för faktorernas värden. Exakta värden för faktorerna erhölls i de fall då blankning var tillåten, samt i enskilda fall då blankning var förbjuden. Metoden tillämpades även på riktiga data utan entydiga resultat, möjligtvis till följd av skattningsfel samt ogiltiga antaganden om investerarens modell.
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Soobhug, Divij. "Optimal state estimation for a power line inspection robot." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29474.
Full textAbstract:
Following a paper published by E. Boje[1], this thesis discusses the design and off-line testing of different types of Kalman filters to estimate the attitude, position and velocity of a robotic platform moving along a power line. The nature of this problem limits the use of magnetometers. Magnetic field interference from the steel pylons and steel cored conductors will affect the local magnetic field. Moreover, high frequency signals from on-board power electronic drives and induced magnetic fields due to ferromagnetic components of the robot along with aliasing, quantization effects and a low signal to noise ratio make notch filtering at 50 Hz impractical. Thus, a GPS/IMU filter solution, which uses the power line curvature and horizontal direction in measurements, to constrain the robot to the line was designed. Different types of filters were implemented; The Extended Kalman filter (EKF), the Unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and the Error State Kalman filter (ErKF). Measurements were recorded and the filters were tested offline. While all the filters tracked properly, it was found that the EKF was better in computational speed completing an iteration in 87 µs, the ErKF was second best with an average time of 120 µs for one iteration and the UKF was last with an average time of 1040 µs for one iteration. Errors between the true state and estimated state for the simulation were quantified using root mean square values (RMS). The RMS values were almost the same for the EKF and ErKF with the error for the x position at 0.81 m and z position at 0.038 m. The UKF produced RMS errors of 0.79 m for x position and 0.11 m for z position. It can be seen that the UKF is slightly better for the x position but is much worse for the z position. Overall, the GPS measurement RMS values used were 4 m and 20 m for the horizontal and vertical positions respectively. Thus, the filters brought a big improvement. However, the recommended filter is the EKF as is produced comparable or better results as compared to other filters and expends the least computational effort. A state estimator was also developed for a J.Patel’s PLIR project [2], where a brachiating version of a power line robot was modeled. The brachiation mechanism was approximated to a double pendulum and kinematics based Kalman filter was designed. Simulations of EKF and UKF were made. The EKF is still recommended as its estimates are closer to the true values and its computation time is about five times faster.