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Journal articles on the topic 'Optimalization of Al castings production'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Hidalgo, Pablo R., and Richard L. Harkess. "Earthworm Castings as a Substrate for Poinsettia Production." HortScience 37, no. 2 (April 2002): 304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.2.304.

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Experiments were conducted to evaluate earthworm castings (vermicompost) as a substrate for poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.) `Freedom Red' production. Vermicomposts produced from sheep, cattle, or horse manures were mixed at different ratios with 70 peatmoss: 30 perlite (v/v) to create 13 substrates. Chemical and physical properties were measured on all substrates used. Growth index, foliar and bract area, and dry weight were greater on plants grown in substrates with castings from sheep or cattle manure. These castings had greater initial nutrient content than the castings from horse manure. Mixtures of castings and peat produced better plant responses than castings alone. Better plant responses were sometimes associated with values outside the recommended pH and electrical conductivity levels for poinsettia production. The highest values obtained for growth index, foliar and bract area, dry weight, and root development were produced in the substrates with moderate pore space or water holding capacity. Substrates with greater air space produced plants with greater dry weight and root development than substrates with less air space. The highest quality plants were grown in substrates with 25% castings from sheep or cattle manures.

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2

Ibrahimi, Izet, Nurten Deva, and Sabri Mehmeti. "Optimalization of the Ferronickel Production Process through Improving Desulfurization Effectiveness." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 907–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091516.

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Desulphurization of Ferronickel in the converters with oxygen is the most complex part of the technological process in the Drenas foundry. Sulphur in the ferronickel melting is mostly in the form of FeS, with a melting temperature of 1195oC, and it has tendency to dissolve indefinitely in liquid iron. Our objective is to determine the sulphur removal coefficient, as a key indicator of the desulphurization efficiency in the converter, by measuring the activity and concentration of sulphur and other elements in liquid Fe and melting. Determination of this coefficient is done according to the analytical method, while comparing the current process parameters with those of the new desulfurization methods, other indicators of the refining process are determined. The refining process and the effective conduct of the study depend on the XRD analysis database of metal and slag, and as well of the technological refining process analysis data. Research has shown that desulfurization efficiency is a function of the sulphur removal coefficient, respectively; metal composition, slag, oxygen activity, CaO/SiO2 ratio, sulphide capacity, fluidity, surface pressure, etc.). In addition to this coefficient, other indicators of refining process optimization are defined.

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3

Pastirčák, R., D. Urgela, and E. Krivoš. "Production of Castings by Patternless Process." Archives of Foundry Engineering 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10266-012-0017-x.

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Production of Castings by Patternless ProcessThis paper deals with production of safety inlay for steam locomotive valve by the Patternless Process method. For the moulds creation was used moulding mixtures of II. generation, whereas binder was used a water glass. CNC miller was used for creation of mould cavity. Core was created also by milling into block made of moulding compound. In this article will be presented also making of 3D model, setting of milling tool paths and parameters for milling.

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4

Markov, A. A., and A. A. Dan'kin. "Production of castings in semipermanent molds." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 22, no. 6 (June 1986): 299–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01282449.

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5

Górny, M., and M. Kawalec. "Role of Titanium in Thin Wall Vermicular Graphite Iron Castings Production." Archives of Foundry Engineering 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2013-0030.

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Abstract In this paper the effects of titanium addition in an amount up to 0.13 wt.% have been investigated to determine their effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Thin Wall Vermicular Graphite Iron Castings (TWVGI). The study was performed for thinwalled iron castings with 3-5 mm wall thickness and for the reference casting with 13 mm. Microstructural changes were evaluated by analyzing quantitative data sets obtained by image analyzer and also using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Metallographic examinations show that in thin-walled castings there is a significant impact of titanium addition to vermicular graphite formation. Thinwalled castings with vermicular graphite have a homogeneous structure, free of chills, and good mechanical properties. It may predispose them as a potential use as substitutes for aluminum alloy castings in diverse applications.

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6

Hidalgo, Pablo R., Richard L. Harkess, and Frank Matta. "Earthworm Castings as a Media Amendment for Chrysanthemum Production." HortScience 35, no. 4 (July 2000): 565C—565b. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.4.565c.

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Castings from earthworm (Eisenia fetida) when fed on sheep (SC), cow (CC), or horse (HC) manures were evaluated on growth of Dendranthema `Miramar' cuttings. Castings were produced placing 100 L of manure and 1 kg of earthworms in a 212-L plastic container for each animal manure. Mixtures of peat moss and castings at 0:1, 1:3, 1:1, or 3:1 were evaluated for each animal waste with 100% peat and Sunshine Mix 1 used as the controls. Each media treatment was replicated eight times with each replication consisting of four cuttings per 1-L (15-cm diameter) plastic container. Leachate pH and nutrient content increased as the amount of castings in the media increased. Plant growth index, leaf area, and number of flowers were greatest in media consisting of SC at 1:1 and 3:1 peat:castings. Similar results for growth index and leaf area were obtained with CC at 3:1 and 1:1, respectively. Increasing the amount of castings in the substrate reduced the plant dry weight and increased shrinkage of the media.

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7

Hidalgo, Pablo R., Richard L. Harkess, and Frank Matta. "561 Reduction of Fertilizer Inputs Using Earthworm Castings as a Substrate Amendment for Poinsettia Production." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 492D—492. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.492d.

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Earthworm castings were evaluated to determine the effect of earthworm castings on growth of Poinsettia `Freedom Bright Red'. Castings derived from cow (CC), horse (HC), or sheep (SC) manure were combined with peatmoss at 1:0, 1:3, 1:1, 3:1, or 0:1 peat: castings (v/v). One plant was potted per 1.5-L container and were fertilized at 0, 50, 200, or 350 mg/L N in a RCB arrangement. Plant growth index at all fertilizer rates was greatest when grown in SC at 0:1, 1:3, and 1:1 and CC at 0:1 and 1:3 (peat: castings) ratios. For each of the three animal sources, no differences in growth index were observed among fertilizer rates when 100% castings was used as the substrate. Bract area was greatest on plants grown in SC at 1:0, 1:3, and 1:1 (peat: castings) ratios at all four fertilizer rates. Bract area on plants grown in CC at 0:1 and 1:3 (peat: castings) was less than SC, but better than CC at 1:1, 3:1, or 1:0 or any of the HC substrates. Plants grown in substrates with 75% or more castings all had similar bract area regardless of fertilizer rate. As castings in the substrate decreased, bract area increased as fertilizer rate increased. When fertilized at 0, 50, or 200 mg/liter N plant dry weight decreased as castings increased in the substrate. Fertilization at 350 mg/liter did not affect dry weight between substrates.

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8

Zhengwuvi, L. B., and A. O. Akii Ibhadode. "Risering of a Four-Cavity Die Production Mould by Convectional Method." Advanced Materials Research 62-64 (February 2009): 664–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.62-64.664.

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This paper demonstrates the possibility of developing skill in producing sound metal casting from a four-cavity die production mould by assessing the riser design criteria and the castings. The assessment takes into account the location of the casting’s hot spots, casting modulus, liquid metal mass in the risers and the principle of directional solidification. The mould flask is oriented in such a way that a riser is placed directly on top of the casting’s hot spots for proper feeding during solidification. The assessment result of casting modulus shows that the feeder modulus Mf = 5.85 x 10-3 M and the casting hot spot modulus Mh = 1.88 x 10-3 M .The assessment result of castings solidification time shows that the castings solidify within 12 seconds while the feeders solidify within 30 seconds. From the assessment results it is observed that the risers hold liquid metal, feed the castings to full solidification and solidify later than the castings which they feed. Examinations at the cross sections of the finished castings revealed the absence of void formation which is a clear indication of effective and functional risers. Thus, the risers have achieved the desired requirement.

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9

Kovalchuk, Alexander G., Mykhailo M. Yamshinskij, and Grigoriy E. Fedorov. "Production of Castings with Differentiated Surface Properties." Research Bulletin of the National Technical University of Ukraine "Kyiv Politechnic Institute", no. 6 (December 27, 2017): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/1810-0546.2017.5.98850.

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10

Stulov, V. V., Z. A. Tskhadaia, and O. M. Shafiev. "Production of Steel Castings in Cylindrical Molds." Steel in Translation 48, no. 5 (May 2018): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s096709121805011x.

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11

Stulov, V. V., and V. A. Lukin. "More efficient machine production of small castings." Journal of Machinery Manufacture and Reliability 41, no. 5 (September 2012): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1052618812050147.

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12

Klepeisz, J., and S. Veeck. "The production of large structural titanium castings." JOM 49, no. 11 (November 1997): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-997-0006-7.

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13

Pastirčák, R., A. Sládek, and E. Kucharčíková. "The Production of Plaster Molds with Patternless Process Technology." Archives of Foundry Engineering 15, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2015-0045.

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Abstract The work deals with technology Patternless process that combines 3 manufacturing process mold by using rapid prototyping technology, conventional sand formation and 3D milling. It's unconventional technology that has been developed to produce large-sized and heavyduty castings weighing up to several tons. It is used mainly in prototype and small batch production, because eliminating production of models. The work deals with the production of blocks for making molds of gypsum and gypsum drying process technology Thermomold. Into blocks, where were made cavities by milling were casted test castings from AlSi10MgMn alloy by gravity casting. At machining of the mold cavity was varied feed rate of tool of cemented carbide. Evaluated was the surface roughness of test castings, that was to 5 micrometers with feed from 900 to 1300 mm/min. The dimensional accuracy of castings was high at feed rate of 1000 and 1500 mm/min did not exceed 0.025 mm.

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14

Lyon, Kenneth F., and Mark DeTorre. "Using Epoxy for Dental Castings." Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 9, no. 1 (March 1992): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089875649200900103.

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Important features of epoxy, when used for making dental castings, include rapid production of models without mixing and the production of a precise and nearly indestructible model. The 3M Epoxy system is used to illustrate the step-by-step production of an epoxy study model.

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15

Shinsky, O. I., E. I. Marukovich, I. A. Shalevskaja, V. O. Shinsky, and S. I. Klimenko. "ECONOMY, ECOLOGY, ORGANIZATION OF FOUNDRY PRODUCTION BY LOST FOAM CASTING." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 4 (January 4, 2018): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2017-4-53-59.

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The process of receipt of castings by Lost Foam Casting Process (LFCP) from the point of view of economic efficiency and possibilities of receipt of the high-fidelity and high quality castings with the forecast properties. Indexes of hazardous substances emissions at LFCP are defined, measures to purify are worked out and ecological safety of process is shown.

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16

Soudek, P., R. Podlipna, P. Marsik, and T. Vanek. "Optimalization of the peroxidase production by tissue cultures of horseradish in vitro." Biologia plantarum 49, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10535-005-0037-2.

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17

Tkachenko, S. S., V. O. Emelyanov, and K. V. Martynov. "Modern technology of investment casting for the production of artistic castings." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2021-1-49-52.

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The publication describes modern methods of production of fine plastic art castings. The stage of production of the smelted model and development of casting technology is considered. The theoretical basis for obtaining smelted models of a given quality is given. The review of technologies of production of standard castings is presented.

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18

Kalincová, Daniela, Miroslava Ťavodová, Helena Čierna, and Pavel Beňo. "ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSES OF DISTORTION CASTINGS AFTER HEAT TREATMENT." Acta Metallurgica Slovaca 23, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.12776/ams.v23i2.787.

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<p>The article is focused on the use of Quality Management tools to identify causes of formation deviations dimensions in cylinder head castings. Moreover, methods of production of castings made from alloy AlSi9Cu1, heat treatment of castings, as well as requirements of their quality are described. Research of the influence heat treatment parameters on the changes of castings' dimensions, with using Quality Management tools (Ishikawa diagram) is described too. In order to optimize the process for eliminate of deviations, experiment for modelling parameters of heat treatment was designed. The results processed in the Pareto diagram clearly pointed out the causes. Dimensional deviations were created during the heat treatment process. We have found the largest distortions in castings were created during rapid cooling.The article gives important information about using of research results in the production of cylinder head castings.</p>

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19

Pasko, Ján, Stefan Gaspar, and Juraj Ružbarský. "Die Casting Defects of Castings from Silumin." Applied Mechanics and Materials 510 (February 2014): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.510.91.

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The production of die castings cast into a metal mold has in recent years achieved an expansive growth in the volume as well as the range of production and that is particularly in aviation and automobile industry. A primary criterion for achieving reliability, efficiency and quality of production is to ensure minimization of the castings defects occurrence. For this reason it is necessary to describe the type, scope and frequency of die castings defects and to define the cause of their occurrence.

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20

Sheikh, M. Ashraf. "Production of carbide-free thin ductile iron castings." Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Mineral, Metallurgy, Material 15, no. 5 (October 2008): 552–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1005-8850(08)60103-6.

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21

Vasková, I., M. Conev, and M. Hrubovčáková. "The Influence of Using Different Types of Risers or Chills on Shrinkage Production for Different Wall Thickness for Material EN-GJS-400-18LT." Archives of Foundry Engineering 17, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2017-0064.

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Abstract In modern times, there are increasing requirements for products quality in every part of manufacturing industry and in foundry industry it is not different. That is why a lot of foundries are researching, how to effectively produce castings with high quality. This article is dealing with search of the influence of using different types of risers or chills on shrinkage cavity production in ductile iron castings. Differently shaped risers were designed using the Wlodawer’s modulus method and test castings were poured with and without combination of chills. Efficiency of used risers and chills was established by the area of created shrinkage cavity using the ultrasound nondestructive method. There are introduced the production process of test castings and results of ultrasound nondestructive reflective method. The object of this work is to determine an optimal type of riser or chill for given test casting in order to not use overrated risers and thus increase the cost effectiveness of the ductile iron castings production.

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22

Gabelchenko, Natalia I., Artem A. Belov, and Oksana N. Meshcheryakova. "Production of High-Quality Castings from Gray Iron by Differentiated Cooling in Iron Mould." Materials Science Forum 973 (November 2019): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.973.15.

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The paper considers the possibility of improving the quality of gray cast iron castings by controlling the cooling rate of castings in a mold. It is shown that the use of differentiated cooling can increase tensile strength of cast iron by 12-16%

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23

Acimovic-Pavlovic, Zagorka, Milutin Djuricic, Sasa Drmanic, and Rade Djuricic. "The influence of the parameters of lost foam process on the quality of aluminum alloys castings." Chemical Industry 64, no. 2 (2010): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind100301011a.

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This paper presents the research results of application of Lost foam process for aluminum alloys castings of a simple geometry. The process characteristic is that patterns and gating of moulds, made of polymers, stay in the mould till the liquid metal inflow. In contact with the liquid metal, pattern intensely and in relatively short time decomposes and evaporates, which is accompanied by casting crystallization. As a consequence of polymer pattern decomposition and evaporation a great quantity of liquid and gaseous products are produced, which is often the cause of different types of casting errors. This paper presents the results of a research with a special consideration given to detecting and analyzing the errors of castings. In most cases the cause of these errors are defects of polymer materials used for evaporable patterns production, as well as defects of materials for refractory coatings production for polymer patterns. The researches have shown that different types of coatings determine properties of the obtained castings. Also, the critical processing parameters (polymer pattern density, casting temperature, permeability of refractory coating and sand, construction of patterns and gating of moulds) significantly affect on castings quality. During the research a special consideration was given to control and optimization of these parameters with the goal of achieving applicable castings properties. The study of surface and internal error of castings was performed systematically in order to carry out preventive measures to avoid errors and minimize production costs. In order to achieve qualitative and profitable castings production by the method of Lost foam it is necessary to reach the balance in the system: evaporable polymer pattern - liquid metal - refractory coating - sandy cast in the phase of metal inflow, decomposition and evaporation of polymer pattern, formation and solidification of castings. By optimizing the processing parameters castings of required structural and mechanical characteristics could be achieved, casting defects characteristic for this process could be avoided with the result of the production costs saving. The presented results can be useful to define parameters of Lost foam process and its application in practice with objective to obtain castings with in advance specified quality.

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24

Liu, Jiang. "The Shell Molding Process Study for Mass Production of Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine Crankshaft." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.284.

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Crankshaft is a key transmission part in single-cylinder diesel engine, but its mass casting production is a problem. Based on the traditional shell molding process of ductile iron castings, this study did lots of techniques optimization for the crankshaft castings of single-cylinder diesel engine. Through increasing the multi-block or a combination of chill iron at sector-plate and upper spindle neck, increasing the pressure head of blind risers and the cross section of sprue, improving the fill compaction of iron pills, and other improvements, produces qualified ductile iron crankshaft castings without or almost without the shrinkage and other casting defects.

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25

Ozores-Hampton, Monica, and Brain Mardones. "(299) The Use of Worm Castings As an Alternative to Sphagnum Peat Moss in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Transplant Production in Chile." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1023B—1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1023b.

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Intensive peat mining in Chile and worldwide produces a significant increase in production costs and less market availability. Alternative systems to promote peat mining sustainability are an immediate necessity. A viable alternative for replacing peat in tomato transplant production is to use worm castings or vermicompost. Vermicomposting is a biological process that relies on the action of earthworms (Eisenia sp.) to stabilize waste organic materials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of Ecobol-S® worm castings as a replacement for peat in tomato transplant production. Three experiments were designed using a randomized complete-block design containing two factors (planting date and worm casting rate). Tomatoes were seeded in a growth chamber using five growth media made up of the different ratios of worm castings, peat, and rice hulls [0:70:30 (control) 18:52:30; 35:35:30; 52:18:30; and 70:0:30], respectively. It was determined that Ecobol-S® worm castings have an adequate C:N and particle size for tomato transplant production. However, limitations were observed due to its high EC and low C content. During early fall, with high temperature in the growth chamber, it is not recommended to use worm castings in transplant production due to nutrient leaching caused by frequent irrigation. In mid-fall, it is recommended to use a rate of 35% worm castings, while in early winter it is recommended to use a rate of 52% to obtain strong and healthy transplants. Therefore, worm castings can be used as a viable alternative in the tomato transplant industry in Chile and possibly worldwide.

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26

Odarchenko, I. B., V. A. Zharanov, and I. N. Prusenko. "Integration of neural models in the process of technological preparation of the production of castings." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 4 (January 14, 2019): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2018-4-45-49.

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The methodical application of neural network modeling in preparation and optimization of casting technology is described. A new technique for classifying castings based on geometric relationships of the geometry of parts and information on the distribution of wall thickness in castings.

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27

Wang, Ao Bing, Li Ping Zhang, Liu Peng, and Li Yong Ni. "Casting Die Designing for Drive Cover." Applied Mechanics and Materials 378 (August 2013): 346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.378.346.

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The driving covers casting with complex shape belongs to irregular casting. According to the requirements of size and performance of the thin-walled castings, the expanding-type runner of the trapezoid shape section was adopted, conducive to the production of thin-walled castings. The parting surfaces of the die-casting die are the interface of the movable die and fixed die and that of left and right slider. The left and right slider would be reset by spring. Proved by actual production, the mold operated smoothly, without clamping stagnation, and the production of die castings meet delivery requirements.

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28

Midson, Stephen. "Industrial Applications for Aluminum Semi-Solid Castings." Solid State Phenomena 217-218 (September 2014): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.217-218.487.

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The goal of this paper is to examine industrial applications for semi-solid castings, and to develop strategies necessary for the wider commercialization of the semi-solid casting process. The performance and production techniques of semi-solid castings are reviewed, with the goal of identifying commercial niches where semi-solid castings can provide clear benefits over other casting process. A comparison of mechanical properties between semi-solid castings and other casting processes is presented. In addition, this paper provides an evaluation of the features of the optimal semi-solid casting processes, examines the characteristics of components that would benefit for production by semi-solid casting and describe the types of quality systems that casters need to have in place to make these types of castings. Cost analyses are presented suggesting that rheocasting can complete well with other casting processes.

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29

Midson, Stephen, and David J. Browne. "Casting Wear-Resistant Functionally Gradient Ferrous Alloys via Partial Solidification Processing." Solid State Phenomena 192-193 (October 2012): 506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.192-193.506.

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The CDC (Cast-Decant-Cast) Process is novel semi-solid processing method for joining two alloys, allowing the production of components from two or more alloys. The process produces a functionally gradient material (FGM) which, instead of having a sharp interface between the two alloys, features a transition region exhibiting a smooth gradient in concentration, microstructure and properties. Functionally gradient materials provide engineers with the flexibility to design components with different material properties at different locations. The details of the CDC Process are described. This paper, for the first time, provides information regarding the fabrication of functionally gradient castings from steels, cast irons and cobalt alloys. The first example involves the production of functionally gradient castings from a Ni-Hard cast iron + mild steel. The second example describes the production of functionally gradient castings from Stellite + mild steel. Processing parameters are documented and microstructures of the castings described.

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30

Jiang, Meng, Yang Yang, and Hong Feng Zhang. "Design of Time-Lapse Core-Pulling Mechanism with Side Slide in Die-Casting Die." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 1235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.1235.

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In the process of die-casting die design, the die castings should be usually left in the moving die in order to design ejecting mechanism conveniently when open mould. For the special structure of die castings, when lateral side core-pulling mechanism and larger wrapping force on the fixed-die core than on the moving-die core are required, the time-lapse core-pulling mechanism with side slide block can be adopted, which can make die castings left in the moving-die after open mould, and assure die castings production to do successfully. Time-lapse core-pulling mechanism with side slide block is ingenious and simple, and doesn’t increase the production cost of die casting die, and has certain reference value to the design of it.

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31

Jing, Liu. "Defect Detection and Three Dimensional Reconstruction of Castings." MATEC Web of Conferences 256 (2019): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925605001.

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There are defects inevitably in the production of castings. These defects will short the life of castings. In this paper, defects of the castings are detected by industrial CT non-destructive testing method and a series of CT slice images are obtained. Then edge extraction is realized through the Canny operator and the defects in the castings are found. Finally, surfaces and its internal defects are reconstructed for the casting based on secondary development of Unigraphics software and Visual Studio 2013. Experiments show that internal defects of the castings can be extracted by the Canny operator effectively. Internal position and shape of defects can be observed directly by three dimensional reconstruction.

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32

Hidalgo, Pablo R., and Richard L. Harkess. "Earthworm Castings as a Substrate Amendment for Chrysanthemum Production." HortScience 37, no. 7 (December 2002): 1035–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.7.1035.

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Earthworm castings (vermicompost) were evaluated as a substrate amendment for chrysanthemum [Dendranthema ×grandiflora (Ramat.) Kitam.] `Miramar' production. Vermicompost produced from sheep, cattle, and horse manures were mixed at different ratios with 70 peatmoss: 30 perlite (v/v) to create 12 substrates. The 70 peatmoss: 30 perlite mix at 100% and Sunshine® Mix 1 were used as control substrates. The bulk density, percentage of pore space, and water holding capacity increased as vermicompost content increased while the percentage of air space decreased. At 100% vermicompost, water holding capacity and bulk density were greatest in vermicompost from sheep manure. Plants grown in mixtures of 50% vermicompost from sheep had a greater growth index at harvest, foliar area, number of flowers per pot, and dry weight and fewer days for flower development than plants grown in other substrates. Vermicompost from sheep manure added at 50% by volume was most effective as a substrate amendment for chrysanthemum production.

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Kochetkov, A. S., N. A. Nochovnaya, and K. A. Bokov. "Specifics of production process of VT40 titanium alloy castings." Proceedings of VIAM, no. 3 (2016): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.18577/2307-6046-2016-0-3-4-4.

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Labrecque, C., M. Gagné, A. Javaid, and M. Sahoo. "Production and properties of thin-wall ductile iron castings." International Journal of Cast Metals Research 16, no. 1-3 (August 2003): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2003.11819601.

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35

Huang, Y. S., P. D. Webster, and T. A. Dean. "Software for the rapid production of patterns for castings." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 211, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): 425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954405971516383.

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This paper describes a system that enables the automatic conversion of information from a computer aided design (CAD) pattern representing a three-dimensional (solid) concept directly into a physical part. By integrating this information with computer-controlled machine tools, invoking concurrent validation with simulation to optimize cutting procedures and utilizing a novel machining-casting-machining technique, products can be developed quickly with little human intervention, reducing delays typically found between the design and manufacturing processes.

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Hidalgo, Pablo R., and Richard L. Harkess. "417 Earthworm Castings as a Media Amendment for Poinsettia Production." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 516A—516. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.516a.

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An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of earthworm (Eisenia fetida andrei) castings derived from sheep, cow, or horse manures on the growth of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima `Freedom Red'). Poinsettia cuttings were transplanted to 1-L (15-cm-diameter) plastic pots that were filled with castings:peat moss at 1:0, 1:3, 1:1, 3:1, or 0:1 by volume for each animal manure evaluated. Plants were fertilized using 200 ppm N from a 15-5-25 (N-P2O5-K2O) fertilizer applied with the irrigation water. Total bract area and growth index were greatest in those treatments consisting of 3:1 and 1:1 (castings:peat) from sheep and cow manures, 1:0 (castings:peat) from cow manure and for growth index only, 1:0 (castings:peat) from horse manure. For these two characteristics, 100% sheep manure castings and 100% peatmoss had the lowest values. The time to anthesis was least when poinsettias were grown in 3:1 or 1:1 castings:peat from sheep and cow manures and 1:3, 1:0, or 3:1 from sheep, cow, or horse manure respectively. Anthesis was most delayed when plants were grown in 100% castings from sheep manure.

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Eperješi, Š., M. Matvija, ľ. Eperješi, and M. Vojtko. "Evaluation of Cracking Causes of AlSi5Cu3 Alloy Castings." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 59, no. 3 (October 28, 2014): 1089–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2014-0187.

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Abstract Recently, the castings made from aluminum-silicon alloys by pressure die casting are increasingly used in the automotive industry. In practice, on these castings are high demands, mainly demands on quality of their structure, operating life and safety ensuring of their utilization. The AlSi5Cu3 alloy castings are widely used for production of car components. After the prescribed tests, the cracks and low mechanical properties have been identified for several castings of this alloy, which were produced by low pressure casting into a metal mould and subsequent they were heat treated. Therefore, analyses of the castings were realized to determine the causes of these defects. Evaluation of structure of the AlSi5Cu3 alloy and causes of failure were the subjects of investigation presented in this article.

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LÍVANSKÝ, K. "Theoretical analysis with respect to optimalization criteria of algae production in outdoor cultivation units." Kvasny Prumysl 41, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18832/kp1995010.

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Fecko, D., I. Vasková, Ľ. Eperješi, and M. Závodný. "Usage of Connor Inlets to Eliminate Shrinkage." Archives of Foundry Engineering 12, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10266-012-0076-0.

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Abstract The demand for castings of high quality and sound work is nowadays very high. The production of sound castings without foundry errors is the big issue in modern foundries. Foundry simulation software can do a lot to help improve the disposition of castings, gating system and feeder system, and assure good filling and solidification conditions, and also produce sound casting without the need of the old method of "try and error". One can easily change a lot of parameters for filling and solidification, and create the best proposal for production. Connor inlets have two functions. One is that it serves as an ingate, through which molten metal passes and comes into the mould cavity. The second function is that it serves as a feeder and substitutes the metal contracted during solidification and cooling of the castings. It can also save quite a lot of metal in comparison to classic feeders.

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Лысенко, Наталия Алексеевна, Алексей Александрович Педаш, Владимир Валерьевич Клочихин, and Валерий Владиленович Наумик. "ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ ВЫЖИГАЕМЫХ МОДЕЛЕЙ МЕТОДОМ 3D-ПРИНТИНГА ДЛЯ ОТЛИВОК ГАЗОТУРБИННЫХ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 7 (August 31, 2019): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2019.7.18.

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A study of the fuse deposited pattern and castings of gas turbine hot section, which was obtained with additive manufacturing, has been carried out in the present article. A pattern of the castings had been produced by selective laser sintering (SLS) process from the polystyrene powders according to developed in special program complex 3D-model. With involving of the obtained FDM-pattern via burned pattern casting process have been produced a parts of gas turbine hot section from nickel-base superalloy VKh4L-VI. The castings were investigated as in the as-cast state, thus and after inherent superalloy VKh4L-VI heat treatment with prior hot isostatic pressing (HIP). An analysis of the obtained FDM-pattern for the presence of surface defects and geometry compliance are provided, together with the macro- and microstructure study of obtained castings and evaluation of mechanical properties and stress rupture strength results. It was established that investigated patterns as precisely as possible reproduce dimensions accuracy of the parts, and castings had satisfactory surface cleanliness, roughness, dense and middle crystalline macrostructure. Micro-structure of castings material is typical for nickel-base superalloy VKh4L-VI in the as-cast state with carbides, carbonitrides and eutectic phase’s presence.HIP with subsequent heat treatment provides almost full micro porosity releases in the inner volumes of the metal and getting more uniform solid-state, almost full eutectic dissolving, and carbides dispersivity. Mechanical properties and stress rupture strength (rupture life) of the specimens produced by considered production processes meet the specification requirements. Application of HIP with subsequent heat treatment (homogenization and ageing) for specimen’s production provides slightly bigger indexes of mechanical properties at room temperature.Selective laser sintering application for FDM-patterns production made it possible to obtain qualitative castings with satisfactory microstructure, the acceptable level of the properties and realize traditional advantages inherent for both considered processes.

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Gaspar, Stefan, Jan Pasko, and Slavko Pavlenko. "Research on the Impact of Increase Pressure on the Homogeneity of the Cast in Die Casting Technology." Advanced Materials Research 1091 (February 2015): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1091.77.

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The production of die castings cast into a metal mold has in recent years achieved an expansive growth in the volume as well as the range of production and that is particularly in aviation and automobile industry. In the process of die casting the final quality of a cast is influenced by a great number of factors. The main factors of die casting are: pressing velocity, increase pressure, the melt temperature and the mold temperature. A primary criterion for achieving reliability, efficiency and quality of production is to ensure minimization of the castings defects occurrence in castings correct setting technological factors of die casting. The presented paper deals with the experimental assessment of the impact of increase pressure on the mechanical properties and homogeneity of a die cast.

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Gaspar, Stefan, and Jan Pasko. "Homogeneity of Aluminum Castings and Dependency on Increasing Pressure." Key Engineering Materials 669 (October 2015): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.669.134.

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The production of die castings cast into a metal mold has in recent years achieved an expansive growth in the volume as well as the range of production and that is particularly in aviation and automobile industry. In the process of die casting the final quality of a cast is influenced by a great number of factors. The main factors of die casting are: pressing velocity, increase pressure, the melt temperature and the mold temperature. A primary criterion for achieving reliability, efficiency and quality of production is to ensure minimization of the castings defects occurrence in castings correct setting technological factors of die casting. The presented paper deals with the experimental assessment of the impact of increase pressure on the mechanical properties and homogeneity of a die cast.

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Predein, Valery, Artyom Popov, Oleg Komarov, and Sergey Zhilin. "Integrated processing of ferriferous materials in blank production for mechanical engineering facilities." E3S Web of Conferences 192 (2020): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019202009.

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The paper considers the possibility of reducing the use of crude ore for metal product by using aluminothermy, which facilitates effective integrated processing of metal waste generated by engineering and metallurgy facilities in the form of mill scale, ferrous and non-ferrous metal swarf with simultaneous castings production. The paper studies the impact patterns of thermite components ratios on the parameters of extracting chemical elements from the source components, metal phase output and its chemical composition. The possible applications for experimental alloys resulting from controlled exothermic reactions are determined for supplying castings and melting stock to blank production for mechanical engineering facilities.

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Budavari, Imre, and Daniel Molnar. "Control Volume Simulation of Casting Directional Solidification." Materials Science Forum 790-791 (May 2014): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.790-791.146.

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Quality demands of castings is elemental in recent years and becoming more stringent. Foundries are faced by the need to produce high quality castings, but nonetheless to produce them economically. To fulfill this demand, experimental castings, especially in case of individual production or small runs, are uneconomical. In these cases computer simulation can be the only economical tool for testing and approval. The modulus technique of Chvorinov is an applicable method to examine the local solidification process and to determine the application of chills, geometry modification and feeding. Numerically the control volume method is used to check the solidification process of large steel castings with non-uniform wall thicknesses.

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Скрябин, М. Л. "Effect of the chemical composition of 35HGSL steel on shrinkage, casting defects and microstructure." Informacionno-technologicheskij vestnik, no. 1(23) (March 11, 2020): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21499/2409-1650-2020-23-1-171-179.

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Стальные отливки на сегодняшний день стали неотъемлемой частью современного литейного производства. В процессе получения отливок неизбежно появляются какие-либо дефекты. В данной работе рассмотрены причины образования дефектов при изготовлении отливок из стали 35ХГСЛ при литье по выплавляемым моделям. Также рассмотрены особенности отвода теплоты от отливки при первичной и вторичной кристаллизации. Приведена классификация зон отливок по ориентации кристаллов в отливках. Выявлена закономерность влияния интенсивности охлаждения на характер усадки. Today, steel castings have become an integral part of modern foundry production. In the process of obtaining castings, any defects inevitably appear. In this paper, we consider the production reasons for the formation of defects in the manufacture of castings made of 35XGSL steel when casting on investment models. The features of heat removal from the casting during primary and secondary crystallization are also considered. The classification of casting zones by the orientation of crystals in castings is given. The regularity of the influence of the cooling intensity on the shrinkage character is revealed.

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Dong, Yi, Xiao Ming Fan, and Bin Liu. "Numerical Simulation and Technology Optimization of Rear Oil Seal Bearing Die Castings Based on ProCAST." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 4008–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.4008.

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In production,the Φ105 mm hole of rear oil seal bearing die castings often appear porosity, shrinkage and other defects , resulting in the parts to scrap. The existing gating system design of rear oil seal bearing die castings was improved , and the flow and temperature field of the two programs that before and after improvement were analyzed by ProCAST software. The simulation results predicted the casting defects, and the conclusion was consistent with the production. By using the improved process optimization, the rejection rate of die castings can be reduced effectively. Die casting is a chipless forming of casting with high casting dimensional accuracy, high surface quality and high production efficiency [1,2]. Therefore, it has developed rapidly in the automotive, communications and other industries. However, due to shrinkage, porosity and other reasons, leading to high rejection rate of castings. With the emergence of commercial casting simulation software, the casting production has been developed from semi empirical and semi theoretical onto theorization, quantification and controllable track[3-5]. In this paper, the casting defects of rear oil seal bearing is analyzed by using numerical simulation technology[6]. By optimizing the casting process, the casting quality is improved, and the rejection rate is reduced effectively.

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Pribulová, Alena, Peter Futaš, and Marcela Pokusova. "Influence of Charge Composition on EN-GJS-500-7 Ductile Iron Properties in Foundry Operating Conditions." Materials Science Forum 998 (June 2020): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.998.42.

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Worldwide production of ductile iron castings reached in year 2017 26,428,148 metric tons, which is 34% of the total weight of all castings made from cast iron. The most significant increase in ductile iron castings was recorded in Slovakia, up to 78.6%. Castings from ductile iron have a very huge utilization thanks their very good foundry and mechanical properties. The current economic situation in all industries forces entrepreneurs and producers to rationalize production and reduce production costs, with a worldwide trend to increase the share of steel scrap, a technology for the production of ductile cast iron. The paper describes the results of research focused on the effect of charge composition, mainly the share of scrap steel on the final properties and structure of ductile iron EN-GJS-500-7 under the operating conditions of foundry. Six melts with different charge composition were made. The samples from all melts were taken and chemical analysis, microstructure analysis and testing on mechanical properties were made on them. The mechanical properties of produced globular cast irons were according with the relevant standard. It is important to mention that there has been a significant increase in strength characteristics in melts in which the carbon content exceeded 4% (CE = 4.7 and 4.8%, respectively).

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Merta, Václav, Jaroslav Beňo, Tomáš Obzina, Filip Radkovský, Ivana Kroupová, Petr Lichý, Martin Folta, Kamila Janovská, Isabel Nguyenová, and Miroslav Dostál. "Innovative Inorganic Binder Systems for the Production of Cores for Non-Ferrous Metal Alloys Reflecting the Product Quality Requirements." Metals 11, no. 5 (April 29, 2021): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11050733.

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The aim of this study is the evaluation of the parameters of core mixtures using different binder systems with regard to the collapsibility of cores after casting and the resulting product quality of castings reflecting surface requirements based on non-ferrous alloys. The research compares organically bonded core mixtures based on phenol-formaldehyde resins for the production of cores with the shell molding (resin coated sand), currently used in the production of aluminum alloy castings in the Brembo Czech s.r.o., and mixtures using innovative inorganic binder systems based on geopolymers; GEOPOL® W. The aim of the research is to compare the advantages and disadvantages of these binder systems in order to evaluate the potential of inorganically bonded mixtures to replace organically bonded mixtures, which would lead to a significant reduction in the environmental impacts of industrial production of castings.

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Kalyuzhnyy, P. B., S. O. Krotyuk, and M. T. Levchuk. "THE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF STEEL CAST PRODUCTS FOR SHUT-OFF VALVES BY CASTING ON LOST FOAM CASTING." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 1 (April 6, 2018): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2018-1-22-27.

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The peculiarities of technological processes of obtaining steel castings of shut-off valves by lost foam casting are described. It is shown that the dimensional accuracy of the casting «Valve Body DN80» exceeds 7-th accuracy class; the surface quality, mechanical properties and chemical composition of the steel completely meet the customer requirements. The test procedure for leakproofness of shut-off valves castings is given.

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Binczyk, F., P. Gradoń, M. Mańka, and R. Findziński. "The Effect of Temperature on the Result of Complex Modification of IN-713C Superalloy Castings." Archives of Foundry Engineering 15, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2015-0070.

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Abstract The paper presents the results of research on the determination of the effect of pouring temperature on the macrostructure of the castings subjected to complex (surface and volume) modification and double filtration. Tested castings were made of post-production scrap (gating system parts) of IN-713C superalloy. Tests included the evaluation of the number of grains per 1 mm2, mean grain surface area, shape factor and tensile strength. Casting temperature below 1470 °C positively influenced the modification effect. The grains were finer and the mechanical properties increased, especially for castings with thicker walls. On the other hand, manufacture of thin walled castings of high quality require pouring temperature above 1480 °C.

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