Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Optimisation de la consommation énergétique'
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Benali, Wissem. "Modélisation et optimisation de la consommation énergétique d'un système de communication Wi-Fi." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IMTA0041/document.
Full textThe strong increase of the number of connected devices in recent years and the increasing use of communication technologies has a significant impact on the energy bill. To stop the increase in energy consumption, it is essential to be able to compare the digital communication algorithms in terms of consumption, in order to develop the most energy-efficient transmission architecture.In this thesis, the IEEE 802.11ac Wi-Fi standard of physical layer is analyzed at an energy point of view. The power dissipated in the circuits for operating the signal processing algorithms is taken into account in addition to the antenna transmission power. The implemented methodology includes both simulations and developments on a hardware platform (FPGAs), resulting in more realistic consumption assessments.First, we analyzed separately the components of the digital communications chains. Then we integrated the periods of activity and inactivity of each element in the calculation of the global energy consumption of the chains. We propose a practical and efficient method of estimating consumption, including a database derived from simulations, and a theoretical analysis of the activity rates of each element of the chain.These results make it possible to analyze the distribution of the power consumption of the elements composing transmitters and receivers, and to compare various architectures and sets of parameters. In particular, we evaluated the impact of two Fast Fourier Transform architectures on overall system consumption
Arcaya, Jordan Alexis. "Optimisation de la consommation énergétique sous contrainte de QoS pour des lunettes connectées intelligentes." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ4027.
Full textA growing number of physical objects are being connected to the Internet at an unprecedented rate realizing the idea of the Internet of Things (IoT). Wearables are a class of IoT devices worn on the body that can detect and process physiological signals. A wearable can then give bio-feedback to the wearer or send information to the cloud for further analysis. In this context, the Ellcie-Healthy start-up is developing an intelligent and connected eyewear solution with the aim at improving the user’s quality of life and to prevent risks for their health and safety. To do so, several sensors are integrated into the wearable eyeglass to collect and send physical, physiological and environmental information towards a gateway, typically a smartphone. Designing wearable devices deals with numerous challenges such as the energy consumption, the quality of service (QoS) and the scalability, to cite only a few. Several design constraints, such as the autonomy and QoS, must be addressed early in the design flow to ensure the wearable device will meet the user requirements. In this PhD thesis, we propose a simulation flow based on a system-level modeling approach to help designers making the best choices of hardware/software settings early in the design phase. To do so, we have first developed analytical power models for the Ellcie Healthy smart glasses. These models, built from data measured on the real platform, allow estimating the average power consumption of the system, and so the battery lifetime, for different application scenarios. Then, performance constraints have also been considered in our system-level approach. The drowsiness detection application, developed at Ellcie Healthy, has been profiled to identify the hardware and software configurations impacting the most the energy consumption and the application QoS, i.e. the detection performance. A solution based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has been proposed to further improve the drowsiness detection QoS. We have also demonstrated that it is possible to execute this CNN at the edge (i.e. on a micro-controller). A battery testbench has also been developed to evaluate battery safety conditions as well as the aging phenomenon. Using this experimental platform, a significant amount of information on the battery charge/discharge process has been collected. A data-driven battery model has been proposed and validated. All these models have been integrated into a simulation framework which allows modeling and simulating existing or future versions of the smart connected glasses. Using this framework, designers can rapidly investigate trade-offs between hardware and/or software settings, as well as study system autonomy and application QoS. In addition, this simulation flow can be used to evaluate power management strategies from a high-level point of view
Heinrich, Franz. "Modélisation, prédiction et optimisation de la consommation énergétique d'applications MPI à l'aide de SimGrid." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM018/document.
Full textThe High-Performance Computing (HPC) community is currently undergoingdisruptive technology changes in almost all fields, including a switch towardsmassive parallelism with several thousand compute cores on a single GPU oraccelerator and new, complex networks. Powering a massively parallel machinebecomesThe energy consumption of these machines will continue to grow in the future,making energy one of the principal cost factors of machine ownership. This explainswhy even the classic metric "flop/s", generally used to evaluate HPC applicationsand machines, is widely regarded as to be replaced by an energy-centric metric"flop/watt".One approach to predict energy consumption is through simulation, however, a pre-cise performance prediction is crucial to estimate the energy faithfully. In this thesis,we contribute to the performance and energy prediction of HPC architectures. Wepropose an energy model which we have implemented in the open source SimGridsimulator. We validate this model by carefully and systematically comparing itwith real experiments. We leverage this contribution to both evaluate existingand propose new DVFS governors that are part*icularly designed to suit the HPCcontext
Filfli, Sila. "Optimisation bâtiment / système pour minimiser les consommations dues à la climatisation." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002199.
Full textDurand-Estebe, Baptiste. "Optimisation énergétique du rafraichissement des datacenters." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0088/document.
Full textNowadays, with the constant evolution of Information Technology (IT) equipments, the energy consumption of datacenter over the world becomes a major concern. These infrastructures are designed to provide an adapted thermal environment and an uninterrupted power supply to the IT servers, in order to guarantee a high level of reliability. However, the constant activity of electronic equipments releases a large amount of heat, and requires a constant cooling. Thus the objective of this work is to study the physical phenomena involved in an operating datacenter, in order to optimize the process and to reduce its energy consumption. Using numerical simulation, we study the air flow and the heat transfers happening in the servers’ room. To quantify the impact of new generation servers on the cooling process, we propose a numerical model that simulates the behavior of “blade” server. Then, using a Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) method linked to the software TRNSYS, we propose a new “transversal” model, that simulates a datacenter behavior from the servers to the cooling plant. This model is used to develop a new adaptive regulation strategy, which constantly optimizes the system in order to ensure a safe thermal environment, and provides large energy savings
Sid, Salima. "Opérations unitaires et outils procédés pour une optimisation énergétique de stations d'épuration méditerranéennes." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT111.
Full textIntensive biological processes are increasingly used in wastewater field due to their principles to operate on a reduced surface and produce good quality waters. However, studies show that intensification and high energy consumption go hand in hand, pointing out the value of energy benchmarking. In this work, two intensive systems have been studied: a membranebioreactor, MBR, (64000 p.e.) and a conventional active sludge, CAS, (24000 p.e.).Our objectives were to know where and why this energy is consumed, what factors influence these consumptions, and to give tools to optimize the energy efficiency. A three years energy audit was done for both stations confirming that aeration is the major energy expense (more than 44% of the total plant consumption:0.82kWh/m3). Several factors influence this energy were identified: hydraulic capacity, temperature andsludge age... High energy consumption has been noted in case of low hydraulic loading underlining the seasonal consumption. Moreover, the impact of Suspended Solid (SS) concentration on the energy consumption and on the overall treatment cost was determined at different SS concentration (ranged from 1 to 8 gSS/L) by software simulation (GPS-X) and data analysis. Simulation results showed that an increase of SS leads to an increase in oxygen demand (increased energy cost) but leads also to a decrease of sludge production (reduction of sludge disposal cost).In a full scale plant based on CAS process, the SS concentration must be carefully chosen in order to find the best compromise between the levels of treatment required, the energy demand to ensure biological activity and the sludge disposal cost while minimizing overall costs
Ouni, Anis. "Optimisation de la capacité et de la consommation énergétique dans les réseaux maillés sans fil." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01001979.
Full textOukacha, Ouazna. "Optimisation de consommation pour un véhicule de type voiture." Thesis, Toulon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUL0016/document.
Full textThe present thesis is a study of an optimal control problem having a non-differentiable, but Lipschitz, costfunction. It is inspired by the minimization of the energy consumption of a car-like vehicle or robot along aroad which profile is known. This problem is stated by means of a simple model of the longitudinal dynamicsand a running cost that comprises both an absolute value function and a function that accounts for theefficiency of the energy conversion process. A regularity result that excludes chattering phenomena from theset of solutions is proven. It is valid for the class of control affine systems, which includes the consideredproblem. Three case studies are detailed and analysed. The optimal trajectories are shown to be made of bang,inactivated and backward arcs
Lavergne, Martin. "Opportunités solaires passives : optimisation du confort et de la consommation énergétique d'un espace séjour avec serre accolée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26147/26147.pdf.
Full textThis research proposes to analyze the solar passive opportunities of a greenhouse attached to a living-room to maximize comfort and energy consumption. Numerical simulations of different configurations using the tool PLEIADES+COMFIE 2.0 can handle the different physical phenomena present in such space. The results are presented in tables and histograms that allow to compare the impact of different variables studied on the temperature of the greenhouse and energy consumption of the living-room. These solutions meet the climatic conditions of Quebec City and are a residential application.
Kaddar, Bassel. "Effet du balancement des bras sur la consommation énergétique durant la marche d’un robot bipède." Nantes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NANT2044.
Full textIn human walking, it is assumed that the arms have a passive movement which reduces the energy consumption of walking. The issue addressed in this work is the role of arms on the walking of a humanoid robot. The study has two objectives: to verify the effect of arms on the energy consumption during walking, and whether the optimal movement of the arms is passive. Firstly, by a parametric optimization, we defined optimal cyclic gaits for a biped robot moving in 2D. Different evolutions of arms were considered: arms attached to the trunk, arms consist of one-link or two links held to the trunk or having a free motion and passive arms. Different gaits, more or less complex, have been studied. The comparison of our results for different walking speeds showed the importance of active movement of the arms. The energy supplied in the joints of arms allows reducing the global energy consumption especially for high walking speeds. A passive movement of the arms will have large amplitude when the natural frequency of the arm coincides with the frequency of walking gait. Adding springs at the shoulders allows adjusting the natural frequency of the arms to that of walking gait. However, the energy consumption of active arms remains more effective than that of passive arms. A 3D study of bipedal walking was then used to confirm the interest of arms actuation in the minimization of energy consumption. These tests show that walking with a normal arms swinging has lower cost with respect to anti-normal arms swinging
Montenon, Alaric. "Analyse, mutualisation et optimisation par la commande de la consommation énergétique des héliostats autonomes des centrales à concentration solaire." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/9709/1/montenon_partie_1_sur_2.pdf.
Full textBahini, Yacoub. "La transition énergétique et son impact sur la croissance économique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010018.
Full textThis work tries to approach the problem of the energy transition under a rather particular angle to raise the complexity of this transition and the fact whom we are still relatively far from handling this question in a suitable and convincing way. By discuss this problem in the first two chapters, basing on the already existing literature ; two other models were proposed to contribute modestly to this literature. These two models belong to two different families, in particular TETM and EnvETM2 who have, each, peculiarities appropriate to him, and give, generaly, rather divergent results.We deduce from results of the first model that the development of the renewable energies does not have to exceed certain level, and that the policies based on energy prices (taxes, subsidy, ...) will be more effective to accelerate the energy transition. The energy transition will not can pass with the same rhythm in all sectors, what makes that political choices must be very precise to choose the rignts sectors ans territories, to lead an optimal transition.The second model, has for objective the generalization of the model of CMM1 to explore new policies to fight against the environmental problems, caused by the massive use of the fossil energy resources, sources of GHG (greenhouse gas emissions). We can summarize the results of this model by deducing that the renewable energy must be produced over time, even with an energy price lower than its marginal cost. This implies that the renewable energies have to subsidized, as long as they remain non-competitive. The use of the renewable energies is not sufficient solution to fight against GHG emissions, in certain case we have to abate as we use ReE
Fall, Ameth. "Analyse des performances d'un véhicule utilitaire routier et évaluation de sa conduite en vue d'une gestion optimale, énergétique et mécanique." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ESAE0026.
Full textPelloux-Prayer, Bertrand. "Optimisation de l'efficacité énergétique des applications numériques en technologie FD-SOI 28-14nm." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT082/document.
Full textOver the last ten years, the scaling of MOSFETs in bulk planar technology is experiencing a significant increase in parasitic phenomenon driven by the reduction of the transistor channel length. These short-channel effects lead to the degradation of transistor performances, making circuits less energy efficient and more sensitive to the manufacturing process fluctuations. Therefore, this technology faces a real barrier for nodes beyond 32nm.To meet the needs of mobile devices, combining high performances and low power consumption, the planar fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FD-SOI) technology appears to be a suitable solution. Indeed, thanks to its thin-film of silicon and an undoped channel, MOS transistors have an excellent short-channel electrostatic control and a low variability of the threshold voltage given by an immunity to random dopant fluctuation. In addition, this compelling technology enables to adjust the threshold voltage of transistors by applying a wide ±3V back-bias voltage on Wells. Thus, this specific FD-SOI feature brings to IC designers an additional lever to modulate the performance and to optimize the energy efficiency of circuits.The research work presented in this thesis has contributed to the development of FD-SOI technology platform for the 28 and 14nm nodes. Initially, a critical path extracted from an ARM Cortex-A9 processor was used to assess both the intrinsic gains provided by the FD-SOI technology and those produced by modulating the back-bias voltages. This technique enables to divide by up to 50 times the static current of circuits in standby mode, or by 2 the total energy consumption at same frequency. In the second phase, several design solutions are proposed in order to optimize the energy efficiency of circuits again. Among these, the design of a single-Well structure enables to solve the conventional multi-VT co-integration issue, occurring in FD-SOI. Moreover, this novel approach also offers an efficient solution for integrated circuits operating over a wide supply voltage range. Indeed, thanks to a single back-bias voltage, both n and p-MOS transistors could be easily balanced enabling an outstanding minimal supply voltage
Hadj-Saïd, Souad. "Optimisation énergétique Convexe pour véhicule Hybride électrique : vers une solution analytique." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2028/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the energy management of Hybrid Electric Vehicle. In this type of vehicle, energy optimization is a major challenge. It consists of calculating optimal commands that minimize the vehicle’s energy consumption under a finite number of constraints. The optimization issue could be solved using a digital method or an analytical method. This choice depends on the nature of energy models that monitor the optimization criteria: analytical or maps of experimental measurements. However, this method presents numerous disadvantages. Its calculation is extremely time-consuming for instance. Therefore, the works presented in this thesis were directed in order to develop an analytical solution where the calculation is lesstime consuming. The architecture of the vehicle is complex. In fact, the vehicle contains two electrical machines, a thermal engine and a step-up. These components have all a straight impact on the vehicle’s energy consumption so several optimization variables were defining. Consequently, working on an analytical solution was a natural choice. The proposed analytical methodology consists of three steps: convex modeling, the command analytical calculation as well as the analytical command validation on a vehicle simulator. This methodology was applied to three possible configurations of the studied vehicle: parallel, biparallel and in serial. Finally, the step-up addition to the energy management as well as the study of itsimpact on the vehicle’s energy consumption are presented in the last chapter. The simulation results show that the analytical method reduces considerably the computing time and has an extremely low suboptimality
Tayeb, Jamel. "Optimisation des performances et de la consommation de puissance électrique pour architecture Intel Itanium/EPIC." Valenciennes, 2008. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/9eed6aef-dfaf-4a17-883f-d217a1d9a000.
Full textThis thesis proposes, in its first part, to extend the EPIC architecture of the Itanium processor family by providing a hardware stack. The principal idea defended here is that it is possible to close the existing performance gap between generic architectures and application specific designs to run virtual machines (FORTH,. NET, Java, etc). With this intention, we propose to reallocate dynamically a subset of the EPIC architecture’s resources to implement a hardware evaluation stack. Two implementations are proposed, both non-intrusive and compatible with existing binary codes. The fundamental difference between these stacks lies in their manager: software or hardware. The hardware controlled evaluation stack offers support for advanced functions such as the support of strongly typed evaluation stacks required by. NET’s CIL. Thus, we propose a single pass CIL binary translator into EPIC binary, using the hardware evaluation stack. In the second part of this thesis, we studied the energy efficiency of software applications. First, we defined a methodology and developed tools to measure the energy consumption and the useful work provided by the software. In a second time, we engaged the study of source code transformation rules in order to reduce/control the quantity of consumed energy by the software
Bartoletti, Mathieu. "Amélioration de la consommation à froid d'un véhicule par optimisation des flux énergétiques." Valenciennes, 2006. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/2918e4c5-73b0-4408-a463-820c11e0242c.
Full textWith the increasing fuel prices and the increasing greenhouse gases, fuel consumption is become an essential criterion in car design. The purpose of this work is to describe a vehicle from an energetic point of view and to reduce the fuel consumption during cold start. The first part of the document analyzes the vehicle life situations, describes the vehicle energetic fluxes and shows the main influence of oil temperature during cold start on fuel consumption. In the second part this main influence is shown with a serie of tests on a test bench. In the third part a model is build which can simulate the engine temperature rise and its fuel consumption during this phase. In a fourth part this model is used to evaluate the efficacity of different technologic solutions. The most promising one is further studied and dimensioned to be tested on vehicle
Deutz, Kevin Ruben. "Optimisation du cycle de fonctionnement d'un chauffe-eau thermodynamique résidentiel." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI006/document.
Full textHeat Pump Water Heaters (HPWH) are efficient and fast-developing sanitary hot water production systems relying on a heat pump thermodynamic cycle for heat generation, consequently offering a considerable energy saving potential in the buildings sector. The most forthcoming HPWH on the French market are Air-Source Heat Pump Water Heaters (ASHPWH) composed of an exterior air source R134a heat pump and using a wrap-around type condenser, surrounding the thermal storage tank (TST). However, it is found that although these ASHPWH have reached an important level of maturity, it seems that there is still room for improvement of their energy performance. Consequently, the main objective of this PhD thesis is to search for optimization pathways, starting of from the reference ASHPWH on the French market, leading a better technical and economical compromise in terms of ASHPWH design. To reach this objective, a detailed model is first developed using Dymola (Modelica langage). This model comprises of a zonal model and a 1D model for the TST associated to an air source heat pump modeled with the TIL thermal component modeling library. After model calibration, the model is validated thanks to a large set of experimental tests carried out on a standard ASHPWH in climatic cells. The validated model is then used to identify optimization pathways by carrying out annual simulations and identifying energy performance improvement potentials. It is found out that both thermodynamic cycle performance and improved ASHPWH control logics are major contributors to the final energy performance. Both being highly interdependent and impacting energy performances, but also comfort and ASHPWH cost, the last part of the study consists of a multi-criteria optimization. Finally, a new ASHPWH design is proposed achieving better thermal comfort upon a large variety of user draw-off profiles, achieving a 37 % average annual energy saving and a 30 % reduction of the electrical bill
Lesel, Jonathan. "Optimisation de la consommation énergétique d'une ligne de métro automatique prenant en compte les aléas de trafic à l'aide d'outils d'intelligence artificielle." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0018/document.
Full textIn 2014, as part of the Climate Plan, EU member countries have committed to reduce by 27% their energy consumption. One of the main focal areas consists in increasing the energy efficiency of urban transports. This thesis aims to propose a methodology to reduce the energy consumption of automatic metro lines while integrating traffic disruptions that occur under normal operating conditions. The principle adopted in this work is to maximize the reuse of electrical energy generated during braking of the train, by other trains running on the line. First part is dedicated to the electrical modeling of an automatic metro line and development of methods to calculate power flows between trains and power substations. Then, optimization algorithms are introduced to perform optimization of the most influential operating parameters in an ideal configuration ignoring traffic fluctuations. Finally, a methodology based on learning simulation data is developed in order to achieve optimization of energy consumption integrating traffic disruptions in real time. This last part will thus purchase the objective to provide a decision support to determine optimal dwell times to be carried out by trains in each station, so as to maximize braking energy recovery
Laubé, Alexandre. "Agrégation de trafic pour réduire la consommation énergétique globale dans les réseaux sans fil multi-sauts." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS298/document.
Full textEconomic and ecologic incentives are now leading people to design networks with energetic considerations at early stages of development. Most of the works for multi-hop wireless networks tend to spread the traffic uniformly over the network to reduce the energy consumption of each node individually. However, considering that the traffic of a node doesn't impact significantly its energy consumption, this approach is not optimal regarding the global energy consumption of the network. Finding a way to turnoff as much node as possible seems then to be a better way. This PhD thesis focus on routing a set of flows over a multi-hop wireless network while minimizing the number of used nodes. This is done by using a distributed metric that allows the shortest path routing algorithms to perform flow aggregation. Using integer linear programming and simulations, we proposed an efficient solution to aggregate flows to significantly reduce the number of nodes used in the network. It allows, then, to improve algorithms that reduce the energy consumption of networks by increasing the number of nodes that can be turned off
Douchet, Fabien. "Optimisation énergétique de data centers par utilisation de liquides pour le refroidissement des baies informatiques." Thesis, Lorient, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORIS386/document.
Full textData centers are facilities that house a large numbers of computer equipment. More than 99% of the electrical power consumed by the electronic components is converted into heat. To ensure their good working, it is necessary to keep them under their recommended temperatures. This is mainly achieved by the use of air conditioning systems which consume a lot of electrical power. In addition, the power density of computer racks is constantly increasing. So the limits of air as a coolant for electronic equipment cooling are reached.Studies conducted during this thesis concern the improvement of energy efficiency of cooling systems for electronic rack by using liquids as heat transfer fluids. This approach gives higher heat exchange coefficients and larger cooling capacity with more viable aspects for the recovering of heat from data centers.Four cooling solutions are evaluated. Experiments are conducted on several servers and on a computer rack. A consistent instrumentation helps to highlight the efficiency of components cooling and allows us to identify energy efficiency indicators of the studied systems. From the experimental results, two numerical models are developed by a nodal approach and a parameter identification by inverse method is carried out. These models can be duplicated at the scale of a data center room in order to quantify the potential gains of two liquid cooling solutions
Denguir, Afef. "Modèle de performance agrégée et raisonnement approché pour l’optimisation de la consommation énergétique et du confort dans les bâtiments." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20026/document.
Full textThe present work is part of the FUI RIDER project (Research for IT Driven Energy efficiency). It aims to develop an energy management system that has to be weakly dependent on building's specificities in order to be easily deployed in different kinds of buildings. This work proposes a new approach based on the thermal comfort concept in order to reduce energy costs. This approach takes advantage of the thermal comfort concept in order to compute new optimized setpoints for the building energy control system. It relies on the idea that thermal comfort is a subjective multidimensional concept that can be used to reduce energy consumption. The literature provides statistical thermal comfort models but their complexity and non-linearity make them not useful for the control and optimization purposes. Our new thermal comfort model is based on the multi attributes utility theory and Choquet integrals. The advantages of our model are: its interpretability in term of preference relationships, its linearity in simplex regions which simplifies optimization problems' solving, and its compact form which is more tractable than a rule based control formalism. In the second part of this work, the THermal Process Enhancement (THPE) proposes a control system approach to efficiently reach the optimized setpoints provided by the comfort model. The THPE proposes an efficient and simple thermal control approach based on imprecise knowledge of buildings' special features. Its weak data-dependency ensures the scalability and simplicity of our approach. For this, an extended thermal qualitative model (EQM) is proposed. It is based on a qualitative description of influences that actions' parameters may have on buildings' thermal performances. This description results from the mathematical and qualitative analysis of dynamical thermal behaviors. Our thermal qualitative model is then enriched by online collecting and assessing previous thermal control performances. The online learning provides the necessary quantitative information to infer quantified control recommendations from the qualitative tendencies displayed by the EQM. Thus, an approximate reasoning based on the EQM and an online learning coupled with a penalty function provides smart thermal control functionalities. The EQM based approximate reasoning guarantees our control system weak dependency with regard to the building special features as well as its multi-scale applicability and its relevancy even for RIDER's first start when the learning database lacks of information. The performances of our THPE are assessed on various types of control and optimization issues. An optimal control is generally achieved in a few iterations which allows providing an adaptive and individual control of building's rooms
Mkireb, Chouaïb. "Optimisation et gestion des risques pour la valorisation de la flexibilité énergétique : application aux systèmes d’eau potable." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2492/document.
Full textIn a context of demographic growth in which natural resources are more and more limited, optimized management of water and power networks is required. Changes in electricity markets regulation in several countries have recently enabled effective integration of Demand Response mechanisms in power systems, making it possible to involve electricity consumers in the real-time balance of the power system. Through its flexible components (variable-speed pumps, tanks), drinking water systems, which are huge electricity consumers, are suitable candidates for energy-efficient Demand Response mechanisms. However, these systems are often managed independently of power system operation, for both economic and operational reasons. In this thesis, the objective is the evaluation of the economic and the ecological values related to the integration of drinking water systems flexibility into power system operation through french demand response mechanisms. An analysis of the architecture of french electricity markets is first conducted, allowing to target the most suitable demand response mechanisms considering water systems operating constraints. Some mathematical models to optimize water systems flexibility are then proposed and solved through original heuristics, integrating uncertainties about water demands, market prices and pumping stations availability. Numerical results, which are discussed using three real water systems in France, integrate the economic aspects inclunding risks, operational and ecological aspects. Significant reductions in water systems operating costs are estimated through the optimization of demand response power bids on the French spot power market during peak times. In parallel, uncertainties consideration secures the operation of water systems in real time, and makes it possible to manage economic risks related to the power grid balancing. In addition, significant savings in CO2 emissions, estimated to around 400 tons per day in France, can be achieved by reducing electricity production from fossil sources
Dahmane, Menad. "Gestion, optimisation et conversion des énergies pour habitat autonome." Thesis, Amiens, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AMIE0025/document.
Full textThis dissertation presents a research project that consists of the development of a device that is able to supply an isolated house with electricity and to make it autonomous by using renewable energy sources. The multi-source system considered in this thesis includes a wind turbine and photovoltaic panels as main sources, Lithium-Ion batteries for storage and Diesel generator as emergency source. In order to make a contribution considering problems of energy management for hybrid systems as well as problems in controlling energy conversion chains, we are suggesting a power flow management strategy which is based on the prediction of the potential energy available on the veryshort-term. That strategy aims at generating optimal references in order to insure the electrical autonomy of the house. For this, we present firstly, a sizing and modelingof the different modules of the multi-source system. This modelling allowed us subsequently to develop a static and dynamic state feedback control strategies by using LMI techniques for pole placement in order to increase the transition performancesfor reference monitoring. The proposed management algorithm as well as the developed control strategies for tracking and maximizing power is validated in simulation using data obtained through real measurements. After having results in simulationusing Matlab/Simulink, we have validated them experimentally by conducting tests via a multi-source platform equipped with dSPACE cards of our laboratory
Brouns, Jordan. "Développement d’outils numériques pour l'audit énergétique des bâtiments." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1107/document.
Full textThe building sector currently accounts for nearly 45% of the national energy bill, and the existing buildings are slowly renewed. Energy audit is a tool for decision support to improve building performance by providing suitable renovation strategies. However, actual energy audit methods fail to completely determine the building thermal properties, and the proposed retrofit strategies may be inappropriate. We propose an innovative energy audit method which significantly reduces the uncertainties on the building thermal parameters and the thermal state. It differs from conventional methods by its operating protocol and its numerical resolution. In addition to the collection of use scenarios, thermal characteristics of built and systems, and weather conditions, it exploits the information embedded in the measurement of the thermal state, composed of the temperatures of the rooms, and the surface temperature of walls and heating devices. This data feed an inverse problem of parameters identification. Using a model for EDP gives us a direct access to the tools of the optimal control theory, including the adjoint state method. With this formalism, the inverse problem can be rewritten as a nonlinear optimization problem of the calibration of the thermal model. The unknown parameters consist of the most influential parameters of the building thermal model: the heat capacity and the thermal conductivity of the walls, the heaters characteristics, the windows transmittance and the mean rate of air renewal. We propose two alternatives to the method. The first requires the data of each individual power provided to heating device, and the second uses a global measure of the heat production. We apply them on a numerical case study: the thermal model is used for both the measures generation and the parameters identification. Once the thermal state measurements are synthesized, the selected parameters are disturbed by conventional uncertainties of the building. We investigate the method on a randomly generated sample, which gives us as many starting values for the algorithm. This allows to compute the uncertainty of the method. Reducing the operating protocol for the second alternative results in a decrease of the identification accuracy. We analyze the robustness of the method when the weather conditions of the audit change, when the sensor noise of the thermal state increases, and when we deal with strong initial parameter uncertainties. We show that the method is stable compared to the sensor noise and the thermal response of the rooms is generally well reconstructed. In order to improve the ventilation consideration, we then propose a technique to distinguish two thermal sources whose dynamics differ: one piecewise constant, and one smooth in time. The method is to solve an inverse problem, taking into account the temporal regularity of functions by a projection step. This tool has been validated on an experimental study, and the results demonstrate robustness to measurement noise. This result is a milestone in the will to overcome the constraint of precisely describing to use scenarios in the audit methodology. Finally, we propose an inverse formalism to characterize the thermal properties of a 3D structure from temperature measurements on a part of its boundary. The tool allows the reconstruction of various types and forms of internal defects. He could find opportunities in the thermal building diagnostics for characterizing insulation defects or thermal bridges
Desdouits, Chloé. "Réduction des pics de consommation d’électricité et problèmes d’optimisation induits pour les consommateurs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT014/document.
Full textWhile concerns about global warming have never been so important, one of its first causes: global electricity consumption, is still growing. One way to stem the phenomenon could be to better balance demand and production, in order to switch on less big production groups and to allow the integration of more renewable production sources. The new paradigm of electricity market incites customers to reduce their electricity consumption peak and to shift their consumption when the demand is lower, by introducing economical incentives. Thus, new optimization algorithms and methodologies are needed at the customers side to optimize power usage over time. Schneider Electric proposes, through the Arrowhead European project, to study three application use-cases: an elevator with multiple electricity sources, a manufac- turing plant, and a drinking water network. For each of these use-cases, a methodology to optimize power consumption peaks (sometimes through an electricity cost function) is given, as well as optimization algorithms. For the multisource elevator case, two coupled controllers are proposed: one at the strategic level solving a linear problem, the other one rule-based at the tactical level. For the manufacturing plant, the methodology we used to monitor, build energy models, and finally optimize is explained. Furthermore, three linear formulations are given, as well as a simple local search procedure and a naive constraint satisfaction formulation to handle the NP-hard scheduling problem. For the water network use-case, a quadratically constrained formulation is used to compare optimized pumping plans with the Business As Usual tactic. The methods proposed bring between 1.5% to 114% savings on the energy bill, depending on the context. Moreover, they allow electricity consumers to participate in the demand-response market. Finally, the knowledge extracted from our three use-cases is summarized, and guide- lines are given to optimize the electricity bill of any electricity consumer system
Masmoudi, Oussama. "Optimisation de la planification des systèmes industriels en présence de contraintes énergétiques." Thesis, Troyes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TROY0031/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we deal with the production planning problem in a flow-shop system with energy consideration. The manufacturing system is composed of reliable machines separated by buffers with infinite capacities. The planning horizon is defined by a set of periods where each one is characterized by a length, an electricity price, a maximal allowed power and an external demand of each product. The purpose is to minimize the total production cost composed of electricity, inventory, set-up (or product series change) costs and a required power per period.In the first step, we propose mathematical models for a single item capacitated lot-sizing problem in a flow-shop system. Since this problem is known to be NP-hard, approximating methods are developed in order to provide solutions with good quality in a reasonable time (dedicated heuristics, Fix and Relax heuristic, genetic algorithm).In the second step, a generalization of the model for multi-items is considered. Similarly to the first case, approximating methods are proposed to solve this problem
Thiaux, Yaël. "Optimisation des profils de consommation pour minimiser les coûts économique et énergétique sur cycle de vie des systèmes photovoltaïques autonomes et hybrides - Evaluation de la technologie Li-ion." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00502428.
Full textBensekrane, Ismail. "Towards an energy planning strategy for autonomous driving of an over-actuated road vehicle." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I037/document.
Full textIn this thesis, an energy planning for over-actuated unmanned road vehicles (URVs) with redundant steering configuration is proposed. In fact, indicators on the road geometry, the redundancy of actuation, the optimal velocity profile and the driving mode are identified for each segment of the URV's trajectory. Thus, a power consumption estimation model of an over-actuated autonomous driving vehicle is developed. Two methods for power consumption modeling are considered. The first method is based on an analytic model of power consumption, taking into account the degree of steerability, degree of mobility and degree of actuation redundancy. The second method used for power consumption modeling based on data-learning qualitative method namely: Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The latter has been considered in case of the presence of unknown dynamic parameters of the URV and uncertainties about its interaction with the environment. Validation of the estimation of the power consumption has been applied of real autonomous vehicle called RobuCar. Energy planning strategy has been built using two approaches, discrete and continuous. The discrete approach depends on a construction of an energy digraph with all feasible configurations taking into account kinematic and dynamic constraints based on a 3D grid map setup, according to: velocity, arc-length, driving mode. In this weighted directed graph, the edges describe the consumed energy by the UAV along a segment of a trajectory. An optimization algorithm is applied on the digraph to get a global optimal solution combining driving mode, power consumption and velocity profile of the URV. The continuous approach is based on a multi-criteria optimization strategy using genetic algorithms (NSGA-II). Then a real road path is considered and modeled by using two smooth geometrical combinations: the first one is {lines, clothoids and arcs}, and the second one is {lines and Pythagorean Hodograph (PH) curves}. The energy planning strategy is then applied to the generated paths. Also, a directed graph is built to synthesis the optimal velocity profile that minimizes the overall energy consumption while accounting for all driving modes. Results are compared with those given by the dynamic programming method for global offline optimization
Vidigal, Duarte Souza Jeronimo. "Conception et optimisation d'un capteur solaire thermique innovant adapté à la rénovation énergétique grâce à l'intégration du stockage." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENA003/document.
Full textThe primary energy consumption of domestic hot water (DHW) in low energy house becomes proportionately large when compared to other energy consumptions. In new buildings, the integration of DHW systems do not present any difficulty. However, the thermal renovation market is poorly operated, with the storage's placement as the main constraint. When the storage must be placed outside the building, nowadays the solutions are not satisfactory, or by a thermal point of view (high losses), or an aesthetic point of view (tank visible from outside). In this thesis we studied an innovative solution of an integrated storage collector, allowing full integration at the roof and completly insulated. The storage is heated at the bottom. A cavity with high aspect ratio has been studied experimentaly and the cavity requires a stratification system. This system, a plate, was numerically studied to optimize the placement of the fluid at the top. Finally a global model was developed for annual performance simulations. This model proves satisfactory and shows that system performance is slightly lower than conventional systems (thermo- siphon). Heat loss was most detrimental factor. The design of a prototype was produced, and it will be tested during the year 2012
Jlassi, Aymen. "Optimisation de la gestion des ressources sur une plate-forme informatique du type Big Data basée sur le logiciel Hadoop." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4042.
Full text"Cyres-Group" is working to improve the response time of his clusters Hadoop and optimize how the resources are exploited in its data center. That is, the goals are to finish work as soon as possible and reduce the latency of each user of the system. Firstly, we decide to work on the scheduling problem in the Hadoop system. We consider the problem as the problem of scheduling a set of jobs on a homogeneous platform. Secondly, we decide to propose tools, which are able to provide more flexibility during the resources management in the data center and ensure the integration of Hadoop in Cloud infrastructures without unacceptable loss of performance. Next, the second level focuses on the review of literature. We conclude that, existing works use simple mathematical models that do not reflect the real problem. They ignore the main characteristics of Hadoop software. Hence, we propose a new model ; we take into account the most important aspects like resources management and the relations of precedence among tasks and the data management and transfer. Thus, we model the problem. We begin with a simplistic model and we consider the minimisation of the Cmax as the objective function. We solve the model with mathematical solver CPLEX and we compute a lower bound. We propose the heuristic "LocFirst" that aims to minimize the Cmax. In the third level, we consider a more realistic modelling of the scheduling problem. We aim to minimize the weighted sum of the following objectives : the weighted flow time ( ∑ wjCj) and the makespan (Cmax). We compute a lower bound and we propose two heuristics to resolve the problem
Thiaux, Yaël. "Optimisation des profils de consommation pour minimiser les coûts économique et énergétique sur cycle de vie des systèmes photovoltaïques autonomes et hybrides : évaluation du potentiel de la technologie Li-ion." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00502428/fr/.
Full textWith the intention of determining the optimal sizing on the life cycle of stand-alone and hybrid photovoltaic systems, two different ways have been investigated within the framework of this thesis. Firstly, the action on the load profile which allows us to get a closer perspective of the ideal solar behaviour of the consumer has been studied. With the same energetic service supplied to the consumer, important profits in terms of the life cycle economical or energetical costs have been put forward notably by the downsizing of the storage system. In parallel, a technological Li-ion accumulator, innovative to these photovoltaic systems, has been assessed by using the primary energetic costs of the photovoltaic system on life cycle including the ageing of its components. Due to better ageing characteristics and energetic efficiency, results have shown that Li-ion technology could impose itself in the near future as a serious competitor to Lead-Acid technology universally used at present in such systems. This work, which concentrates on low scale systems, prefigures the future of smart-grids allowing us to exploit more massively renewable energy resources such as solar and wind energy which is widely available
Kravtzoff, Ivan. "Optimisation d'un système hybride de génération d'énergie électrique permettant de minimiser la consommation et l'empreinte environnementale." Thesis, CentraleSupélec, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SUPL0015/document.
Full textGrowing environmental issues and concerns have led to efforts to reduce CO2 and greenhouse effect pollutant emissions in the field of electric power generation. This has led Leroy Somer to investigate systems based on hybrid technologies to reduce genset fuel consumption and operating costs. A methodology is developed in this thesis to address issues of sizing hardware resources and their optimal use. The optimum energy management strategy is based on the dynamic programming algorithm of Bellman. It will be associated to a differential evolution optimization algorithm to optimize the design of the hybrid structure. The objective functions are obtained by developing energetic and economic models. Through this method, we show that the benefits of a hybrid generator are strongly related to its use. In cases where the generator is used on profiles with low load factors, the benefits will be significant. It will be very important to have good knowledge of load profiles applications before sizing the whole structure of the hybrid generator. A prototype of this system has been developed and has confirmed simulation results
Lebreton, Jean Mickaël. "Systèmes et protocoles de télé-réveil appliqués à l’optimisation énergétique des réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0014/document.
Full textNowadays, a significant growth of connected things is observed, exceeding even the worldpopulation. Given the magnitude of this phenomenon, the energy efficiency of communicatingobjects is a crucial issue. Maximizing their lifetime is necessary to ensure a qualityof service. In this regard, the aim of this thesis is to optimize the energy consumption ofwireless communications in a wireless sensor network.The concept of wake-up radio was created a decade ago, which consists of waking up thecommunicating node by a remote radio signal. By default, the node remains in sleepingmode at a very low power consumption. If needed, the node can be woken up on demandthrough a specific radio signal. Thus, the energy consumption of the radio module is greatlyreduced by idle listening to the channel in sleeping mode. However, this wake-up radioprinciple requires the development of new hardware architectures associated with adaptedand innovative communication protocols. Despite recent proposals, the level of technologymaturity has not yet been reached on this subject.Therefore, a wake-up radio system is proposed in this thesis, including a theoreticalcharacterization of its performances. The wake-up receiver consumes 363 nW in sleepingmode and 49.8 µW in receiving mode. Moreover, two new protocols called DoRa and DC-DoRaare proposed with an evaluation of their performances by simulation. The resultsshow that these wake-up radio protocols greatly reduce the energy consumed by the radiomodule, compared to the MAC protocols currently used in wireless sensor networks. Finally,the experimental implementation of the wake-up radio system and protocols enabled thereal performance measurement of our approach in an environment with overhearing andinterference
Rivallain, Mathieu. "Étude de l'aide à la décision par optimisation multicritère des programmes de réhabilitation énergétique séquentielle des bâtiments existants." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00861172.
Full textBouziane, Rabab. "Software-level analysis and optimization to mitigate the cost of write operations on non-volatile memories." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S073/document.
Full textTraditional memories such as SRAM, DRAM and Flash have faced during the last years, critical challenges related to what modern computing systems required: high performance, high storage density and low power. As the number of CMOS transistors is increasing, the leakage power consumption becomes a critical issue for energy-efficient systems. SRAM and DRAM consume too much energy and have low density and Flash memories have a limited write endurance. Therefore, these technologies can no longer ensure the needs in both embedded and high-performance computing domains. The future memory systems must respect the energy and performance requirements. Since Non Volatile Memories (NVMs) appeared, many studies have shown prominent features where such technologies can be a potential replacement of the conventional memories used on-chip and off-chip. NVMs have important qualities in storage density, scalability, leakage power, access performance and write endurance. Nevertheless, there are still some critical drawbacks of these new technologies. The main drawback is the cost of write operations in terms of latency and energy consumption. We propose a compiler-level optimization that reduces the number of write operations by elimination the execution of redundant stores, called silent stores. A store is silent if it’s writing in a memory address the same value that is already stored at this address. The LLVM-based optimization eliminates the identified silent stores in a program by not executing them. Furthermore, the cost of a write operation is highly dependent on the used NVM and its non-volatility called retention time; when the retention time is high then the latency and the energetic cost of a write operation are considerably high and vice versa. Based on that, we propose an approach applicable in a multi- bank NVM where each bank is designed with a specific retention time. We analysis a program and we compute the worst-case lifetime of a store instruction to allocate data to the most appropriate NVM bank
Guyon, David. "Supporting energy-awareness for cloud users." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S037/document.
Full textCloud datacenters consume large amounts of energy and it becomes necessary to reduce their consumption due to current climate changes. Although energy optimization propositions exist, they do not take into account end-users. This thesis proposes to include cloud users in the energy optimization as a means to reduce datacenters energy consumption. The inclusion is done, first, by delivering energy related information to raise awareness, and second, by providing means of actions. Contributions are located at IaaS and PaaS cloud layers. Our results show that users tolerant to performance variation (e.g. delay in obtaining execution results) allow to reduce datacenters energy consumption
Zima, Alexis. "Élaboration d’un outil de suivi et d’optimisation du fonctionnement énergétique d’un bâtiment tertiaire basé sur un modèle thermique analytique simplifié." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC101/document.
Full textThe building field is responsible of about 40% of global energy consumption and a third of world greenhouse gas emissions. It is a main concern subject in climate change issues and fossil fuel independency. The aim of the PhD work is to bring more knowledge about thermal modeling and to create specific tools which are capable of globally optimize the office building energy management. The industrial purpose is associated with its area of expertise, which is advice in energy and ecologic transition. It concerns the difficulty to implement a retrofit action planning. Indeed, for small or middle retrofit actions, the initial study and metrology costs represent over 50% of the overall cost. This down payment induces a long return of investment. Faced with this prohibitive financial parameter, a lot of companies are reluctant to implement this type of actions. The proposed purpose is a solution that drastically reduces preliminary costs. The aspects addressed in this thesis are: the building operation state of art and its associated issues, the creation of reporting and collecting data tool of building operation and performance thanks to a dedicated in-situ measurement network, concomitant with the development of a simplified adjoin thermal model. It facilitates the understanding of its behavior. Then the final aspect are the two steps of optimization. The first is the observable building design and operation parameters with an inverse method, the second is the calculation of optimal energy consumptions. The approach is specifically oriented through the development of tools allowing a facilitated access to energy reduction action for national companies. This should assist the integration of an intelligence for energy optimization for building climatics and thermal equipments or usage. The result could be a new ergonomic man-machine interface for stock building effective management. In the facts, the problem is holistic and cannot be handle sectorally. It is imperative to integrate all the process involved in the building and its use (user behavior). The approach have been oriented to take later into account other parameters than strictly energy, as costs of comfort
Marx, Neigel. "Gestion énergétique et dimensionnement des systèmes hybrides multi-pile à combustible et batterie pour application au transport automobile." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD053/document.
Full textThe electrification of the transportation industry is on the rise. This rise drives the development of new technologies. Although the fuel cell is not a recently developed technology, it benefits from it. However, it is still too expensive and not durable enough compared to the market's expectations. Scientific research has been focused primarily on their management and its ancillaries. Nevertheless, the interest in multistack fuel cell systems has been rising in the community.The energy management and the sizing of multistack system hybrized with a battery is the focus of this thesis. First, the performances of such systems is compared to that of single stack systems. To that end, a study based on the determination of the optimal management strategy depending on the sizing has been completed. The main tool used in this study was optimization through dynamic programming. Results show a significant increase in performance in favor of multistack systems. Then, an online energy management strategy is designed based on Bayesian decision theory. Its goal is to optimize consumption and lifetime by using driver behavior knowledge. This approach has been compared to other energy management strategies and enables performances gains in consumption and lifetime for the multistack system
Chlela, Fadi. "Développement d'une méthodologie de conception de bâtiments à basse consommation d'énergie." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00271813.
Full textL'objectif de ce travail est de développer une méthodologie pour réaliser des études de conception de bâtiments à basse consommation d'énergie. La méthodologie consiste à déterminer des modèles polynômiaux pour l'évaluation des performances énergétique et du confort thermique d'été des bâtiments, à l'aide de la méthode des plans d'expériences et des outils de simulation numérique. Ces modèles polynômiaux permettent de simplifier les études paramétriques, en apportant une réponse alternative aux outils de simulations numériques pour la recherche de solutions afin de concevoir des bâtiments à basse consommation d'énergie. La méthodologie est appliquée sur un bâtiment tertiaire à savoir un immeuble de bureaux.
Dans le premier chapitre, nous présentons l'état de l'art des bâtiments à basse consommation d'énergie et à énergie positive, dans le but de dresser un bilan de connaissances sur le contexte énergétique français, sur les labels mis en place en France et à l'étranger, sur les projets réalisés et sur les techniques utilisées pour concevoir des bâtiments à basse consommation d'énergie.
Ensuite, nous nous focalisons dans le second chapitre, sur le développement de modèles numérique nécessaires à l'élaboration de la méthodologie. Les modèles sont développés dans l'environnement MATLAB/SIMULINK et intégrés dans la bibliothèque SIMBAD, dédiée à la simulation numérique en thermique du bâtiment afin de participer à son développement. De plus, nous présentons des études d'évaluation énergétiques de systèmes spécifiques aux bâtiments à basse consommation d'énergie qui illustrent l'utilisation des modèles numériques développés.
Un cas d'étude est défini dans le troisième chapitre ainsi que les contextes climatiques à considérer, les principes de base de la méthode des plans d'expériences et un exemple de son application. Le cas d'étude considéré est un immeuble de bureaux, nommé Beethoven, dont les caractéristiques de base seront choisies selon les exigences de la réglementation thermique. Ces caractéristiques constituent la configuration de référence qui est améliorée en suivant la méthodologie développée. L'analyse des huit zones climatiques définies par la réglementation thermique et l'évaluation des performances énergétiques du bâtiment pour la configuration de référence par rapport à ces climats, permettent de sélectionner trois climats représentatifs pour la suite du travail. Enfin, un exemple d'application de la méthode des plans d'expériences pour une optimisation énergétique de la configuration de référence permet de justifier le choix de cette méthode.
Le début du quatrième chapitre est consacré au développement des modèles polynômiaux pour l'évaluation des performances énergétique et du confort thermique d'été du bâtiment Beethoven. Nous débutons ce chapitre par une évaluation des limites de la méthode des plans d'expériences pour déterminer ces modèles polynômiaux. Il en découle une méthodologie générale d'application de la méthode des plans d'expériences afin de développer des modèles polynômiaux pour réaliser des études de conception de bâtiment à basse consommation d'énergie. Ensuite, nous effectuons, à l'aide de ces modèles, une étude de sensibilité pour le bâtiment Beethoven et une analyse de solutions pour concevoir un bâtiment à basse consommation d'énergie selon divers critères énergétiques.
Dans le dernier chapitre, nous présentons un exemple d'application des modèles polynômiaux développés pour identifier des solutions pour la conception de l'enveloppe et des systèmes du bâtiment Beethoven, afin d'obtenir un bâtiment à basse consommation d'énergie, selon les critères du label Français Effinergie et du label Allemand Passivhaus. Les configurations basse consommation d'énergie obtenues sont comparées par rapport à la configuration de référence en termes de performances énergétiques, de confort thermique d'été et d'émissions CO2.
La méthodologie que nous proposons permet d'identifier, de manière simple et rapide, des solutions pour concevoir des bâtiments à basse consommation d'énergie. Les solutions sont sélectionnées à l'aide d'abaques définis avec les modèles polynomiaux développés. Le niveau de précision constaté par rapport à la simulation numérique est appréciable. Le choix des solutions est effectué parmi des millions de configurations de facteurs, déterminées à l'aide des modèles polynômiaux. La détermination de toutes ces configurations serait difficile voire impossible à réaliser directement à l'aide de la simulation numérique, sans avoir recours à des modèles polynomiaux, d'où l'avantage d'une telle méthodologie.
Enfin, cette méthodologie constitue une base robuste pour le développement d'outils d'aide à la décision, destinés aux différents acteurs du secteur du bâtiment pour la conception des bâtiments neufs et la rénovation thermique des bâtiments existants, selon les critères des bâtiments à basse consommation d'énergie.
Lambert, Charlène. "Simulation et optimisation énergétique de procédés agroalimentaires dans un logiciel de génie chimique. Modélisation du séchage convectif d'aliments solides et application à une sucrerie de betteraves." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLA004.
Full textTo face recent European regulations, the food industry has a critical need for IT tools to simulate their entire factory to reconcile industrial data and optimize energy consumption. Such software exist in the field of chemical engineering. They are limited to mixtures of gases and liquids whose thermo-physical properties can be correctly predicted by thermodynamic models. To date, no commercial software is able to simulate most food unit operations and calculate the required thermophysical properties of foods, especially solid foods. A first part of this Ph.D. is dedicated to the development of a model of hot air drying of solid food. This model is being added to the ProSimPlus® unit operation module database. It has been validated in the laboratory scale for the drying of 4 products of different compositions and geometries. Its simulation time is significantly higher than the one of the other modules of ProSimPlus®. To overcome this issue, an innovative method of drying model reduction has been developed. To facilitate the characterization work of a new product, a new and rapid method for identifying the apparent diffusivity of water by a reverse approach was also developed. A second part of this PhD focuses on the simulation and energy optimization of a sugar beet factory, in collaboration with V.E.R.I. All the unit operations of the factory were modeled with ProSimPlus® using only modules of -food non-specific- unit operations. Data reconciliation has been performed and deviation between simulated and industrial data were below 1 %. Energy optimization of the sugar factory was performed by combining thermal and exergy analyses. In this study, technical solutions were proposed to significantly reduce the total irreversibility, the cold utility requirement and the mass flow-rate of high pressure steam supplying the factory
Le, Mounier Audrey. "Méta-optimisation pour la calibration automatique de modèles énergétiques bâtiment pour le pilotage anticipatif." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT038/document.
Full textIn order to tackle the actual climate issues, the building field is encouraged to reduce his energetic consumption without changing the occupant’s comfort. In this context, the aim of the ANR PRECCISION project is to develop tools and methods for energetic management of the buildings which needs the use of dynamical thermal models. The PHD works, realise between the G2Elab and the G-SCOP, was focused on models parametric estimation issues. Indeed, uncertainties due to unknown phenomena and the nature of models lead to difficulties for the calibration of the models. Nowadays, this complex procedure is still not automatable: auto-regressive models have a low capacity to extrapolate because of their inadequate structure, whereas the physical models are non-linear regarding many parameters: estimations lead towards local optimums which highly depend on the initial point. In order to eliminate these constraints, several approaches have been explored with physical models adapted for which identifiability studies have been reached on an experimental platform: PREDIS MHI. Different optimisation strategies will be proposed in order to determine the parameters which can be estimated. The first approach uses an analyse a priori of the parametric dispersion, the second one use a meta optimisation which dynamicaly determined as the optimisation sequence, the parameters which can be readjusted. The results are analysed and compared to several approaches (universal models, “simple” identification of all the parameters of a physical model, genetic algorithm …) in different application cases
Chan, wai po Francis. "Conception d’une tête radiofréquence auto adaptative au milieu de propagation pour les applications médicales." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14052/document.
Full textAntenna input impedance is highly affected by environmental factors increasing the losses or reducing the power efficiency of the radiofrequency transceiver in many RF applications such as in implantable pacemaker device telemetry. The purpose of my study is to develop a low power fully integrated antenna-impedance tuning unit to match any variation of the antenna impedance to the source. The first part of my study is focused on the system-level design of a new approach to automatically match the system. A couplerless single step automatic matching network is investigated to optimize the die size, the speed, the power consumption and the overall performance. Second, a new method for synthesizing an automatic matching network is developed reducing strongly the overall complexity of the matching algorithm. The third part of my study is focused on the fabrication of a hybrid demonstrator operating at the Medical Implantable Communication Service (MICS) frequency band to validate the concept. An experimental set-up including the antenna tuning unit, a microcontroller and a pacemaker antenna connected to the demonstrator was done achieving a reflection coefficient up to -30dB, an overall tuning time less than 1ms. The last part of my work is to design the entire automatic matching network circuit in 0.13um CMOS technology including a front-end transceiver designed under ultra low power constraints and operating at 2.4GHz ISM frequency band. The additional items overall power consumption is less than 1.5mW under 1.2V supply voltage
Deneffle, Romain. "Définition d'une méthodologie d'allègement de structures sous contrainte de rigidité fonctionnelle, cas d'une machine-outil." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC022.
Full textIn response to the increase of environmental and economic constraints in industry, the issue of reducing and controlling energy consumption is highlighted in machine tool context. This thesis is part of the Green HSM project carried out by the PCI-SCEMM company with the aim of reducing the energy consumption of a machine tool by 30%. The study focused on the specific topic of lightweight design. The objective is to design machine tool structures with the smallest mass while maintaining functional rigidity.Two methods of lightening structures are proposed in the framework of this thesis. The first one presents a method for optimizing the structure of machine tools by stress analysis. This method allows reducing the mass of two main parts of the structure of 6.5% and 9% for an overall reduction in energy consumption of 3%. Another method for designing a lighter machine structure using topological optimization is proposed. The method is based on two specific parameters: the space design and DISCRETE. This method is presented in the optimization of a simple case of embedded beam subjected to a bending effort and gives good results. The use of the method on the X-axis carriage of a machine tool highlights the limitations of topological optimization in the case of complex structure studies and the influence of the initial solution choice
De, Nunzio Giovanni. "Traffic eco-management in urban traffic networks." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT064/document.
Full textThe problem of energy-aware traffic management in urban environment is addressed. Such traffic management aims at reducing vehicle stops, accelerations, energy consumption, and ultimately congestion. The eco-management in urban traffic networks may be divided in two broad categories: vehicle-side control and infrastructure-side control. Both control domains can feature isolated or coordinated characteristics, depending on the type of information used in the optimization.The vehicle-side traffic management influences each single vehicle according to its own characteristics and position. Isolated vehicle control aims primarily at optimizing the powertrain and/or the driving profile of the vehicles, possibly using information about the road characteristics, but without communicating with the other agents of the traffic network. Coordinated vehicle control makes use of communication among vehicles and with the infrastructure in order to achieve larger benefits in terms of energy consumption and traffic fluidity.The infrastructure-side management, on the other hand, influences traffic lights and road side panels in order to improve the performance of the traffic as a whole. Isolated infrastructure control regulates essentially the traffic lights at a single signalized intersection, or the speed limits in a single stretch of road, without taking into account the interactions with the neighboring junctions and/or road sections. Coordinated infrastructure control overcomes this limitation by using information about traffic conditions in other road sections to alleviate congestion.The contributions of this work to the energy-aware traffic management may be summarized as follows.Firstly, a solution for the coordinated vehicle control has been proposed, in which communication with the infrastructure is exploited to reduce energy consumption. In particular, the traffic lights timings are assumed to be communicated to the vehicle and known, and the vehicle is suggested an optimal speed to drive through a sequence of signalized intersections without stopping, while following a minimum-energy trajectory. The proposed strategy, independently applied to each vehicle, has been tested in a microscopic traffic simulator in order to assess the impact on the traffic performance. The analysis has demonstrated that the energy consumption and the number of stops can be drastically reduced without affecting the travel time.Then, a solution for the isolated infrastructure control has been proposed. A macroscopic urban traffic model has been introduced, and the variable speed limits have been used as actuation to improve traffic performance. In particular, the analysis has been carried out at saturated traffic conditions, with given and fixed traffic lights scheduling. The optimization aims at reducing the energy consumption in trade-off with the average travel time of the vehicles in the considered road section. Experiments have demonstrated that there exists an optimal speed limit that improves traffic performance and reduces the length of the queue at the traffic light.Lastly, a solution for the coordinated infrastructure control has been proposed. Traffic lights coordination on arterials has been proved to be effective in terms of traffic delay reduction. Our analysis has demonstrated that an optimization problem can be cast to take into account also energetic aspects. Extensive experiments in a microscopic traffic simulator have showed that a correlation exists between traffic progression and traffic performance indexes, such as energy consumption, travel time, idling time, and number of stops. The proposed control strategy has showed that a significant reduction of energy consumption can be achieved, almost completely eliminating number of stops and idling time, without affecting the travel time
Lossec, Marianne. "Systèmes multisources de récupération d'énergie dans l'environnement humain : modélisation et optimisation du dimensionnement." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00618233.
Full textChan, Wai Po Françis. "Conception d'une tête radiofréquence auto adaptative au milieu de propagation pour les applications médicales." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00585651.
Full textCastano, Giraldo Fabian Andres. "Decomposition-based approaches for the design of energy efficient wireless sensor networks." Thesis, Lorient, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORIS338/document.
Full textEnergy is a major concern in wireless sensor networks (WSN). These devices are typically battery operated and provided with a limited amount of energy. As a consequence, the time during which sensors can monitor the interesting phenomena and communicate through wireless signals might be limited because of (sometimes) irreplaceable batteries. Additionally, it is very common for WSN to be usedin remote or hostile environments which possibly makes necessary a random placement strategy (by using an airplane, a drone or a helicopter). Hence, the sensors location is not known a priori and approaches to efficiently use the energy are needed to answer to network topologies only known after sensors deployment. This thesis explores the use of column generation to efficiently use the energy in WSN. It is shown that column generation can be used as a general framework to tackle different problems in WSN design. Several versions of the problem and models for the operation of the WNS are adapted to be solved through column generation. These approaches take advantage of the natural way that column generation offers to consider different features of the WSN operation. Additionally, some computational improvements are proposed to keep the column generation method operating as an efficient exact approach. Hybrid strategies combining column generation with (meta)heuristic and exact approaches are considered and evaluated. The computational experiments demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approaches and provide practitioners on WSN research with strategies to compute upper bounds to evaluate heuristic centralized and decentralized approaches. Finally, some future directions of research are provided based on the performance and adaptability of column generation to consider more sophisticated models and characteristics newly introduced in sensor devices
Amador, Erick. "Décodeurs LDPC à faible consommation énergétique." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00599316.
Full textMokukcu, Mert. "Optimisation énergétique d'un véhicule hybride." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC066/document.
Full textTechnology advancements increase the complexity of energy systems which bring additional varieties of sources and possible architectures to choose. If the economic and ecological context is also included, the automobile industry is in_uenced to align their production to hybrid or battery electric vehicles that have sophisticated energy management system. Thus, researchers and designers have oriented their studies for system design, optimisation and energy management that take into consideration the constructor tendencies : i) increasing vehicle performances, ii) having less polluting vehicles by reducing fuel consumption and iii) decreasing the time needed for design and validation process. Against these problematics, an approach that assists the system designer to fully characterize the energy management system of a HEV is proposed. This characterization consists : i) choosing powertrain architecture, ii) component (units) sizing and iii) energy management controller. In order to accomplish these tasks, a functional energetic modelling method is proposed. Proposed functional modelling level has a level of abstraction _just necessary_ which permits to have energetic analysis for a series of use case. This method relies on local control loops, a global controller and basic equations and it allows to have a modular optimisation for any architecture changes. The second-stage in the validation is completed by adapting the functional model in order to obtain the high-level controller for the multi-physical level with two offered steps : i) adjustment the functional elements' parameters and ii) interconnection the functional and multi-physical models. After the illustration of the demonstrator of a HEV, three strategies for energy management is proposed : i) based on rules, ii) based on PFC with power sharing function and iii) based on PFC with booster function. The proposed energy management strategies then compared by performance indicators (fuel consumption, number of on/off cycles of engine powertrain and corrected fuel consumption with variation of state of charge of electrical storage) with defined use cases