Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Optimisation de traitement réparti'
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Durbach, Corentin. "Optimisation des communications dans des simulations distribuées." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001VERS0031.
Full textDenneulin, Yves. "Conception et ordonnancement des applications hautement irrégulières dans un contexte de parallélisme à grain fin." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-428.pdf.
Full textDeng, Shaomei. "Optimisation de quelques systèmes distribués." Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPI203.
Full textGrigoras, Romulus. "Supervision de flux pour les contenus hypermédia : optimisation de politiques de préchargement et ordonnancement causal." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT025H.
Full textNaacke, Hubert. "Modèle de coût pour médiateur de bases de données hétérogènes." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999VERS0013.
Full textLes systemes distribues accedent a des sources d'informations diverses au moyen de requetes declaratives. Une solution pour resoudre les problemes lies a l'heterogeneite des sources repose sur l'architecture mediateur / adaptateurs. Dans cette architecture, le mediateur accepte en entree une requete de l'utilisateur, la traite en accedant aux sources via les adaptateurs concernes et renvoie la reponse a l'utilisateur. Le mediateur offre une vue globale et centralisee des sources. Les adaptateurs offrent un acces uniforme aux sources, au service du mediateur. Pour traiter une requete de maniere efficace, le mediateur doit optimiser le plan decrivant le traitement de la requete. Pour cela, plusieurs plans semantiquement equivalents sont envisages, le cout (i. E. Le temps de reponse) de chaque plan est estime afin de choisir celui de moindre cout qui sera execute. Le mediateur estime le cout des operations traitees par les sources en utilisant les informations de cout que les sources exportent. Or, a cause de l'autonomie des sources, les informations exportees peuvent s'averer insuffisantes pour estimer le cout des operations avec une precision convenable. Cette these propose une nouvelle methode permettant au developpeur d'adaptateur d'exporter un modele de cout d'une source a destination du mediateur. Le modele exporte contient des statistiques qui decrivent les donnees stockees dans la source ainsi que des fonctions mathematiques pour evaluer le cout des traitements effectues par la source. Lorsque le developpeur d'adaptateur manque d'information ou de moyen, il a la possibilite de fournir un modele de cout partiel qui est automatiquement complete avec le modele generique predefini au sein du mediateur. Nous validons experimentalement le modele de cout propose en accedant a des sources web. Cette validation montre l'efficacite du modele de cout generique ainsi que celle des modeles plus specialises selon les particularites des sources et les cas d'applications
Cavagna, Romain. "Gestion de contenu et optimisation de qualité pour la diffusion en flux de contenu 3D." Rennes 1, 2007. ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2007/cavagna.pdf.
Full textThe announced revolution of Internet world has given birth to numerous Virtual Environments (VEs) in various domains such as games, entertainment, trade and communication today. Indeed, with the forthcoming advent of Web 2. 0, the representation of which would not limit itself any longer to the actual 2D interface, the use of a third dimension should allow the emergence of numerous applications with new interaction possibilities. However, despite the exentensive research work in this area, it appears that none of actual VEs is indeed scalable in size (number of users) and complexity, which precludes their use as a support of these new services. In this thesis, we suggest a solution to this problem by introducing the foundations of a truly scalable VE. After having listed the different research works related to these problems, we describe the real time simulator that we have made and that allows us to validate the various concepts proposed in this thesis. We show that our visualization client has auto-adaptation properties to the terminal capabilities and that the peer-to-peer content distribution architecture, self-scalable. This allows to distribute evenly the available bandwidth among peers and efficiently exploit contents spatiality and scalability. We conclude by simulations results that demonstrate a real improvement in visualization quality compared to the classic client-server scheme and this even in very critical conditions
Ductor, Sylvain. "Mécanismes de coordination pour l'allocation dynamique de ressources dans des systèmes multi-agents large-échelle et ouverts." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066036.
Full textMAS offer a paradigm that is adapted to resolve distributed constraint optimisation problemsNowadays, more application must handle such problems, and notably in domains like cloud computing or ubiquitous computing. In those domains, differents agents, that may have potentially conflicting objectives, must coordinate in order to find a common solution. The aim is to optimise agents utilities while respecting problem constraints. We are interested in large-scale open and dynamic applications. Welfare engineering has recently propose a solid theoretical and experimental analysis for those kind of problems : iterated consensual negociation. This domain studies the relations between the agent rationalities, the coordination mecanism and the social abjective. However, as far as we know, no study of this domain was about formalising and designing coordination mecanisms. This thesis is about designing operational mecanisms in the context of welfare engineering. We firstly contribute to this domain by elaborating a formal model of coordination mecanisms and then we develop an abstract architecture for agent negociation. We propose five mecanisms that are applicable to large scale dynamic and open application. Four of them consider the restricted contect of resource allocation. Finally an experimental validation has been conducted and compared the mecanisms to a parallel and a distributed approach
Moujahed, Sana. "Approche multi-agents réactive pour l'optimisation de systèmes spatialement distribués et dynamiques : application aux problèmes de positionnement." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA2019.
Full textThe work presented in this PhD thesis promotes the idea that the resolution of complex problems can be tackled thanks to a population of simple interacting agents. The objective of this thesis is to propose a self-organized approach to solve the single and multi-level facility location problem. This kind of problem requires locating facilies considering a certain demand, in order to optimize some performance criteria. The proposed model relies on a set-organizing simple agents situated in a common environment which interact and attempt to reach a global optimization goal. The agents have neither cognitive abilites nor a representation of the global system. The interactions between agents and their environment, which are based on the artificial potential fields approach, allow to locally optimize the agent's locations. In particular, the agents' behaviors are based on a combination of attractive and repulsive forces. The facility agents are attracted to the demand to satisfy their local objectives and repulsed by each other to ensure a consistent repartition in the environment. The optimization of the whole system is the outcome of a process of agents' self-organization. Our work has several concerns : agentifying the location problem, defining the solving process, and evaluating the approach relying on qualitative and quantitative criteria. We conduct empirical studies on various case studies. These, allow to handle several variants of the location problem, especially the multi-level problem, and to check the relevance of our approach
Al, King Raddad. "Localisation de sources de données et optimisation de requêtes réparties en environnement pair-à-pair." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/912/.
Full textDespite of their great success in the file sharing domain, P2P systems support only simple queries usually based on looking up a file by using its name. Recently, several research works have made to extend P2P systems to be able to share data having a fine granularity (i. E. Atomic attribute) and to process queries written with a highly expressive language (i. E. SQL). The characteristics of P2P systems (e. G. Large-scale, node autonomy and instability) make impractical to have a global catalog that stores often information about data, schemas and data source hosts. Because of the absence of a global catalog, two problems become more difficult: (i) locating data sources with taking into account the schema heterogeneity and (ii) query optimization. In our thesis, we propose an approach for processing SQL queries in a P2P environment. To solve the semantic heterogeneity between local schemas, our approach is based on domain ontology and on similarity formulas. As for the structural heterogeneity of local schemas, it is solved by the extension of a query routing method (i. E. Chord protocol) with Structure Indexes. Concerning the query optimization problem, we propose to take advantage of the data source localization phase to obtain all metadata required for generating a close to optimal execution plan. Finally, in order to show the feasibility and the validity of our propositions, we carry out performance evaluations and we discuss the obtained results
Meignan, David. "Une approche organisationnelle et multi-agent pour la modélisation et l'implantation de métaheuristiques : application aux problèmes d'optimisation de réseaux de transports." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00391811.
Full textDans le cadre de cette thèse nous proposons tout d'abord, un framework organisationnel et multi-agent pour la modélisation et l'implantation de métaheuristiques. Ce framework nommé AMF (Agent Metaheuristic Framework), introduit un modèle organisationnel de métaheuristiques qui décrit le système sous la forme d'une organisation composée de rôles en interaction. Le premier objectif de ce modèle est de donner un cadre d'analyse et de comparaison des différentes métaheuristiques existantes. Ensuite, il doit faciliter la conception de nouveaux algorithmes en encourageant une approche multi-agent. L'intérêt de l'approche organisationnelle, actuellement utilisée dans les systèmes multi-agents, est de pouvoir décrire un système aussi bien comme un tout, le système multi-agent, que comme un assemblage de composants, les agents. De plus, cette approche permet de distinguer l'analyse des fonctions du système, de l'analyse de son architecture. Enfin, l'approche organisationnelle encourage la modularité et la réutilisation des modèles. Nous proposons en complément de ce modèle un guide méthodologique. Il définit un ensemble d'étapes permettant de passer du modèle organisationnel à une méthode d'optimisation exprimée en termes d'agent.
Ensuite, nous présentons une métaheuristique fondée sur la métaphore de la coalition, CBM (Coalition Based Metaheuristic), mettant en avant l'intérêt d'utiliser les systèmes multi-agents pour la conception de métaheuristiques. Dans cette métaheuristique, la recherche de solution est effectuée par un ensemble d'agents regroupés dans une coalition. Chaque agent est capable d'effectuer indépendamment des autres une recherche dans l'espace des solutions à l'aide d'opérateurs de déplacement dans un voisinage de la solution courante et d'adapter sa stratégie par apprentissage par renforcement. Des mécanismes de coopération entre agents permettent d'améliorer l'efficacité de la recherche. La structure de coalition permet d'intégrer naturellement au système de résolution des aspects de distribution et de décentralisation du contrôle, de même que des procédés d'apprentissage individuels et collectifs. L'efficacité de notre approche est évaluée expérimentalement en traitant deux problèmes d'optimisation combinatoire : un problème de tournées de véhicules et un problème de positionnement.
Zeddini, Besma. "Modèles d'auto-organisation multi-agents pour le problème de transport à la demande." Le Havre, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LEHA0025.
Full textThis PhD thesis is motivated by the proposal of multiagent models for the Dial A Ride Problem with Time Windows (DARPTW). The DARPTW is a highly complex dynamic problem, for which a multiagent design is relevent. Our proposals focus on Self-Organization models in multiagent systems that allows for the consideration of new criteria for the assessment of the proposed systems, which with the strict consideration of the utility of the transport operator. In our work, we propose several multiagent architectures for the implementation of the DARPTW system. After experimentally evaluating the different architectures, we popose algorrithmic improvements of the best architecture. The objective of these improvements is to palliate the drawbacks related to the myopic behavior of insertion heuristics and the sequentiality of their insertion process. On the one side, we relax the constraint on the non-revokation of assignment decisions by allowing vehicles to exchange customers that they have inserted. On the other side, by adopting an extension of the Contract Net Protocol, we propose to Vehicle agents to process several customers in parallel. The third contribution of this PhD thesis is the proposal of two Self-Organization models (spatial and temporal) allowing a better spatial and temporal coverage of the network. A set of experiments validate our proposals. Finally, we implement a platform allowing for the deployment of DARPTW systems
Cahon, Sébastien. "ParadisEO : une plate-forme pour la conception et le déploiement de métaheuristiques parallèles hybrides sur clusters et grilles." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-115.pdf.
Full textDans le cadre de l'ACI GRID DOC-G, nous nous sommes intéressés à la " gridification" de la plate-forme. Nous montrons que le déploiement sur environnements de Méta-Computing n'est pas immédiat. Différentes problématiques ont été identifiées: l'hétérogénéité matérielle et logicielle, la volatilité des ressources, de longs délais de communication, le passage à l'échelle, etc. Afin d'assurer un déploiement sûr et efficace à l'exécution, nous proposons diverses solutions en terme d'algorithmique. Divers aspects ont été considérés et relèvent de l'asynchronisme des communications, de la mise en oeuvre conjointe de plusieurs modèles parallèles hiérarchiques et enfin du checkpointing au niveau applicatif. Dans sa phase de validation, la plate-forme ParadisEO a été évaluée sur plusieurs problèmes académiques et réels. Deux applications industrielles ont été modélisées et traitées: le design de réseaux cellulaires en téléphonie mobile (contrat France Telecom R&D) et la sélection d'attributs en fouille de données spectroscopiques. Les expérimentations réalisées successivement sur grappes de SMPs dédiées et sur un réseau enseignement de stations non dédiées ont permis d'obtenir des résultats significatifs sur des instances de grande taille. Ils montrent la performance à l'exécution des différents modèles parallèles supportés par ParadisEO et ce, sur différentes architectures (parallèles et/ou distribuées)
Sirdey, Renaud. "Modèles et algorithmes pour la reconfiguration de systèmes répartis utilisés en téléphonie cellulaire." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00189425.
Full textEn quelques mots, ce problème consiste, étant donnée une répartition arbitraire admissible de processus sur les processeurs d'un système réparti, à trouver une séquence d'opérations (migrations de processus sans effet sur le service ou arrêts temporaires) de moindre impact par le biais de laquelle une autre répartition arbitraire, et fixée à l'avance, peut être obtenue. La principale contrainte réside dans le fait que la capacité des processeurs du système ne doit pas être dépassée durant la reconfiguration.
Nous avons abordé ce problème d'ordonnancement sous différents angles. Tout d'abord, nous avons établi son caractère NP-difficile au sens fort et exhibé quelques cas particuliers polynomiaux. Puis, sur le plan de la résolution exacte dans le cas général, nous avons conçu deux algorithmes de recherche arborescente : le premier trouve ses fondements dans l'étude de la structure combinatoire du problème, le second dans des considérations polyédrales. De nombreux résultats expérimentaux illustrent la pertinence pratique de ces deux algorithmes. Enfin, en raison des contraintes imposées par le caractère temps réel de notre application industrielle, nous avons mis au point un algorithme efficace de résolution approchée basé sur la métaheuristique du recuit simulé et, en capitalisant sur nos travaux en résolution exacte, empiriquement vérifié sa capacité pratique à produire des solutions acceptables, en un sens bien défini.
Kefi, Meriam. "Optimisation Heuristique Distribuée du Problème de Stockage de Conteneurs dans un Port." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00366467.
Full textOğuz, Damla. "Méthodes d'optimisation pour le traitement de requêtes réparties à grande échelle sur des données liées." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30067/document.
Full textLinked Data is a term to define a set of best practices for publishing and interlinking structured data on the Web. As the number of data providers of Linked Data increases, the Web becomes a huge global data space. Query federation is one of the approaches for efficiently querying this distributed data space. It is employed via a federated query engine which aims to minimize the response time and the completion time. Response time is the time to generate the first result tuple, whereas completion time refers to the time to provide all result tuples. There are three basic steps in a federated query engine which are data source selection, query optimization, and query execution. This thesis contributes to the subject of query optimization for query federation. Most of the studies focus on static query optimization which generates the query plans before the execution and needs statistics. However, the environment of Linked Data has several difficulties such as unpredictable data arrival rates and unreliable statistics. As a consequence, static query optimization can cause inefficient execution plans. These constraints show that adaptive query optimization should be used for federated query processing on Linked Data. In this thesis, we first propose an adaptive join operator which aims to minimize the response time and the completion time for federated queries over SPARQL endpoints. Second, we extend the first proposal to further reduce the completion time. Both proposals can change the join method and the join order during the execution by using adaptive query optimization. The proposed operators can handle different data arrival rates of relations and the lack of statistics about them. The performance evaluation of this thesis shows the efficiency of the proposed adaptive operators. They provide faster completion times and almost the same response times, compared to symmetric hash join. Compared to bind join, the proposed operators perform substantially better with respect to the response time and can also provide faster completion times. In addition, the second proposed operator provides considerably faster response time than bind-bloom join and can improve the completion time as well. The second proposal also provides faster completion times than the first proposal in all conditions. In conclusion, the proposed adaptive join operators provide the best trade-off between the response time and the completion time. Even though our main objective is to manage different data arrival rates of relations, the performance evaluation reveals that they are successful in both fixed and different data arrival rates
Hussein, Mohammad. "Un modèle d'exécution à base d'agents mobiles pour l'optimisation dynamique de requêtes réparties à grande échelle." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30203.
Full textDjamaï, Mathieu. "Algorithmes Branch-and-Bound Pair-à-Pair pour grilles de calcul." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10009/document.
Full textIn the field of Combinatorial Optimization, the resolution to optimality of large instances of optimization problems through the use of Branch-and-Bound algorithms require a huge amount of computational resources. Nowadays, such resources are available from computing grids, which are sets of computing nodes geographically distributed over multiple sites. These parallel environments introduces multiples challenges related to the scalability, the heterogeneity of resources and the fault tolerance. Most of the existing approaches for the Branch-and-Bound algorithm are based on the Master-Slave paradigm where a central entity shares work units among slave entities in charge of processing them. Such an architecture represents an obstacle to scalability. In this thesis, we propose to face the challenges of grid environments and overcome this limitation by proposing an innovative and fully distributed approach based on the Peer-to-Peer paradigm. This architecture is based on a unique type of entity, a peer which is in charge of exploring its own local work pool and broadcasts global information to the network. We provide mechanisms to deal with the main tasks of the Branch-and-Bound algorithm : the load balancing, the diffusion of the best solution and the detection of the termination. Along with extensive experiments conducted on the Flow-Shop Scheduling Problem using the Grid'5000 Experimental Grid, we propose a formal proof of the correctness of our approach.In addition to this, we tackle a central issue when designing a Peer-to-Peer application : the impact of the P2P network topology on the performance of our approach. This aspect is often ignored in most of existing works, where only a predefined organization is chosen for the peers. The obtained results showed that the approach allows to deploy computing networks at extreme scales, involving hundreds of thousands of computing cores. Our final contribution consists in a Fault-Tolerant approach to deal with the dynamicity of the network (the volatility of computational resources). Results indicate that it faces efficiently various real-case and failure-intensive situations
Ben, cheikh Sondes. "Optimisation avancée au service du covoiturage dynamique." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECLI0002/document.
Full textCarpooling is presented as an alternative transport solution that comes treat environmental image, economic and societal personal car. The dynamic carpooling problem is to develop real-time optimized touring vehicles to better respond to the instantaneous transport demands.Our work belongs within this context, where optimization and real time are the key words. Given the exponential complexity of the dynamic ridematching problem, we opt for the approximate methods to solve it. We present our first contribution by proposing a metaheuristic based on the multi-criteria tabu search. The proposed algorithm employs an explicit memory system and several searching strategies developed to avoid the entrapment by local solutions. Afterward, we introduce our second contribution which is in the form of an evolutionary approach supported by a dynamic coding and based on controlled genetic operators. However, the exponential complexity of the problem leads us to consider that a simple metaheuristics is not sufficient to solve effectively the problem of dynamic ridematching. It is with this in mind that we are unveiling our third solving methodology by developing an original evolutionary approach in which chromosomes are defined as autonomous and intelligent agents. Thanks to an accurate protocol negotiation, the Chromosomes Agents can control the genetic operators and guide search for finding optimal solutions within a reasonable period of time. With the prospect of a better combination between carpooling and other modes of transport, we design a system called DyCOS, integrating our approaches and applications dedicated to solving the problem of dynamic ridesharing
Tian, Daji. "Optimisation de la Cartographie et de la navigation des Robots Mobiles Coopératifs." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECLI0016/document.
Full textIn this Ph. D., we will present firstly a single robot exploration method, then a decentralized cooperative exploration strategy for a team of mobile robots equipped with a range finders. A two dimensional map of the explored area is built in the form of a pixel figure. This is expanded by the robots by using a randomized local planner that authomatically realizes a decision between information gain and navigation cost. In our work, the map is reconstructed using a least-mean square method to reduce the errors of the sensor data. In dividing the overall task into subtasks, the intelligent controller allows reducing the robots task complexity. But the fusion of different behaviors with different objectives may cause contradiction in the procedure and alter the stability of the system. Therefore, the issue of behavior coordination mechanisms is crucial in order to realize the non-collision safety-ensured movements. A method integrated by behavior coordination and command fusion is proposed. A new approach with five basic behaviors for mobile robot navigation is discussed.Player/ Stage is an open-source software project for research in robotics and sensor systems. Its components include the Player network server and the Stage robot platform simulators providing a hardware abstraction layer to several popular robot platforms. Player is one of the most popular robot interfaces in research. We mainly use Player/Stage simulation to test our algorithms in mono-agent/multi-agent exploration, map reconstruction and robot navigation. Obtained results show that the proposed approaches are effective and can be applied in real robots
Sabbani, Imad. "Optimisation du trafic routier par des modèles distribués à base d'agents embarqués utilisant les technologies des objets connectés." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD023.
Full textIn this thesis we present some models of optimization problems in transportation field; The fundamental problem is to define the shortest path bewteen two points through one or many modes of transport. Over the past two decades, logistics chains have raised a large number of combinatorial problems with important economic and environmental issues to be solved: scheduling problems, rooting vehicles, monitoring trafic ... Two original methods are presented in this thesis. First, we propose a meta-heuristic optimization algorithm, to guide the vehicles to make the right decision to choose the optimal route and to promote traffic fluidity. The modeling of our system is based on a new distributed architecture of multi-agent systems and a new communication protocol. Our system is based on a multi-objective function with several parameters (i.e. density, speed, number of cars, ...). The collection of this data plays an important role in ensuring the applicability and effectiveness of our solution.We propose a deep convolutional neural network algorithm to obtain real-time traffic status. The second part of our thesis focuses on a new policy of mobility required by the growth of network size and new high technological developments in transport : the planning of daily activity chains in a multimodal context. The modal choice of transport consists in successively using one or more modes of transport. We propose the ant colony algorithm with time windows involving a new concept of flexibility. The introduction of this aspect introduces new challenges and new constraints that must be resolved.For each problem, experiments are carried out in order to evaluate the performance of our approaches on literature instances. In particular, our algorithms have improved the results obtained by the best existing approaches
Zgaya, Hayfa. "Conception et optimisation distribuée d'un système d'information d'aide à la mobilité urbaine : Une approche multi-agent pour la recherche et la composition des services liés au transport." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00160802.
Full textCes travaux de recherche visent à mettre en œuvre un Système d'Information de Transport Multimodal (SITM) pour optimiser la gestion de flux des requêtes utilisateurs qui peuvent être nombreuses et simultanées. Dans ce cas, le SITM doit pouvoir procéder par des processus de décomposition des requêtes simultanées en un ensemble de tâches indépendantes. Chaque tâche correspond à un service qui peut être proposé par plusieurs fournisseurs d'information, en concurrence, avec différents couts, formats et temps de réponse. Un fournisseur d'information voulant proposer ses services via le SITM, doit d'abord y enregistrer son système d'information, en assumant la responsabilité des aspects juridiques et qualitatifs de ses données. Le SITM est donc lié à un Réseau informatique Etendu et distribué de Transport Multimodal (RETM) qui comporte plusieurs sources d'information hétérogènes des différents services proposés aux utilisateurs de transport.
L'aspect dynamique, distribué et ouvert du problème, nous a conduits à adopter une modélisation multi-agent pour assurer au système une évolution continue et une flexibilité pragmatique. Le système multi-agent proposé s'appuie sur les métaheuristiques pour la recherche et la composition des services; la recherche des services se base sur le paradigme Agent Mobile (AM) utilisant un algorithme d'optimisation dynamique de construction des Plans De Routes (PDR). Cette première étape d'optimisation prépare les parcours des AMs en prenant en considération l'état du RETM. La composition des services utilise les algorithmes évolutionnistes pour optimiser les réponses en termes de coût et de temps, sachant qu'une réponse à une requête utilisateur ne doit pas dépasser un temps maximum autorisé et qu'un utilisateur cherche toujours à avoir le meilleur rapport qualité prix pour les services qu'il demande.
Enfin, le SITM prend en considération les éventuelles perturbations sur le RETM (pannes, goulets d'étranglements, etc.) pour satisfaire les requêtes utilisateurs dans tous les cas de figure. Dans ce contexte, nous avons créé un protocole de négociation entre les agents mobiles et les agents responsables des choix des fournisseurs d'information pour les services demandés, ces agents sont appelés agents Ordonnanceurs. Le protocole proposé dépasse les limites d'une communication agent traditionnelle, ce qui nous a incités à associer au système une ontologie flexible qui permet d'automatiser les différents types d'échanges entre les agents grâce à un vocabulaire approprié.
Les résultats expérimentaux présentés dans cette thèse justifient l'utilisation du paradigme agent mobile dans notre système qui remplace parfaitement bien les paradigmes classiques telle que l'architecture client/serveur. Les simulations présentées montrent différents scénarios de gestion d'un nombre des requêtes simultanées plus ou moins important. En effet, quelque soit le nombre de requêtes utilisateurs formulées pendant un court laps de temps , le système se charge de leur décomposition, de l'identification des services demandés et des fournisseurs d'information susceptibles d'y répondre.
Zidi, Issam. "Modélisation et Optimisation d’un Système de Transport à la Demande Multicritère et Dynamique." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECLI0012/document.
Full textThe Dial a Ride Problem (DRP) is to take passengers from a place of departures to places of arrivals. Different versions of the dynamic Dial a Ride Problem are found in every day practice; transportation of people in low-density areas, transportation of the handicapped and elderly persons and parcel pick-up and delivery service in urban areas. In the DRP, customers send transportation requests to an operator. A request consists of a specified pickup location and destination location along with a desired departure or arrival time. The ultimate aim is to offer an alternative to displacement optimized individually and collectively. The DRP is classified as NP-hard problem that’s why most research has been concentrated on the use of approximate methods to solve it. Indeed the DRP is a multi-criteria problem, the proposed solution of which aims to reduce both route duration in response to a certain quality of service provided. In this thesis, we offer our contribution to the study and solving the DRP in the application using a multi agent system based on the Multi-Objective Simulated Annealing Algorithm
El, Chamie Mahmoud. "Optimisation, contrôle et théorie des jeux dans les protocoles de consensus." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4094/document.
Full textConsensus protocols have gained a lot of interest in the recent years. In this thesis, we study optimization, control, and game theoretical problems arising in consensus protocols. First, we study optimization techniques for weight selection problems to increase the speed of convergence of discrete-time consensus protocols on networks. We propose to select the weights by applying an approximation algorithm: minimizing the Schatten p-norm of the weight matrix. We characterize the approximation error and we show that the proposed algorithm has the advantage that it can be solved in a totally distributed way. Then we propose a game theoretical framework for an adversary that can add noise to the weights used by averaging protocols to drive the system away from consensus. We give the optimal strategies for the game players (the adversary and the network designer) and we show that a saddle-point equilibrium exists in mixed strategies. We also analyze the performance of distributed averaging algorithms where the information exchanged between neighboring agents is subject to deterministic uniform quantization (e.g., when real values sent by nodes to their neighbors are truncated). Consensus algorithms require that nodes exchange messages persistently to reach asymptotically consensus. We propose a distributed algorithm that reduces the communication overhead while still guaranteeing convergence to consensus. Finally, we propose a score metric that evaluates the quality of clusters such that the faster the random walk mixes in the cluster and the slower it escapes, the higher is the score. A local clustering algorithm based on this metric is proposed
Chargui, Tarik. "Optimisation et simulation des opérations de cross-docking dans le contexte de l'internet physique." Thesis, Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPHF0012.
Full textThis doctoral thesis addresses the cross-docking optimization problems in the context of the Physical Internet (PI). This new paradigm was introduced to improve the flexibility, synchronization and sustainability of the supply chain and logistics systems. We focus on the operations scheduling in several types of cross-docks (called PI-hubs in the context of the PI), namely the Road-Road, Road-Rail and the Rail-Road PI-hub. After analyzing the state of the art of the Physical Internet optimization problems in the global supply chain, especially for classical cross-docks and PI-hubs, we address the problem of truck scheduling in a classical Road-Road cross-dock through different approaches (MILP, meta-heuristics, etc.) in order to evaluate its performances compared to the Road-Road PI-hub through a discrete event simulation study to evaluate the robustness of the two cross-docks and also by proposing a simulation-optimization approach. Next, we propose a multi-agent model MAS for scheduling operations in a Road-Rail PI-hub. The performance and the stability of the MAS are validated by a MILP model and then on a benchmark instances from the literature. The MAS is also evaluated in a dynamic environment under perturbations. The results obtained showed the ability of the MAS to react to perturbations. Finally, we study the Rail-Road PI-hub sustainable scheduling. We propose a multi-objective mathematical model MO-MIP using lexicographic programming to minimize the energy consumption of PI-conveyors as well as the cost of using trucks. Then, two hybrid and multi-objective meta-heuristics are proposed, namely MO-VNSSA and MO-VNSTS
Arnaud, Jean. "Performance, disponibilité et coût de services Internet adaptatifs." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529936.
Full textErgenç, Belgin. "Un modèle d'exécution de requêtes mobiles pour des sources à accès restreints en environnement d'intégration de données." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/168/.
Full textQuery optimization in data integration systems over large scale network, faces the challenges of dealing with autonomous, heterogeneous and distributed data sources, dynamic execution environment and changing user requirements. These issues initiate the need for crafting the traditional optimization methods in a way to produce stable query execution plans, use execution models which are able to adapt to run-time conditions and handle source restrictions. Centralization of the control in adaptive optimization methods result in bottleneck due to large amounts of message passing towards to the site of the central authority over large scale network where network bandwidth is low and network latency is high. In order to overcome this obstacle adaptive query optimization requires decentralized methods. A mobile execution model with mobile relational operators that are able to adapt in an autonomous way and focus on reducing of transfer cost is worth considering in large scale distributed data integration environment. However, this mobile query execution model needs to be extended with new operators to handle source restrictions. In this perspective we propose mobile relational operators developed for restricted sources. Another proposition is related with initial placement of mobile relational operators. The challenge is on defining a placement which would allow acceptable performance instead of a good placement which would cause dramatic performance sometimes at run-time. Finally we present and analyze a performance evaluation on the methods proposed
Brahem, Mariem. "Optimisation de requêtes spatiales et serveur de données distribué - Application à la gestion de masses de données en astronomie." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV009/document.
Full textThe big scientific data generated by modern observation telescopes, raises recurring problems of performances, in spite of the advances in distributed data management systems. The main reasons are the complexity of the systems and the difficulty to adapt the access methods to the data. This thesis proposes new physical and logical optimizations to optimize execution plans of astronomical queries using transformation rules. These methods are integrated in ASTROIDE, a distributed system for large-scale astronomical data processing.ASTROIDE achieves scalability and efficiency by combining the benefits of distributed processing using Spark with the relevance of an astronomical query optimizer.It supports the data access using the query language ADQL that is commonly used.It implements astronomical query algorithms (cone search, kNN search, cross-match, and kNN join) tailored to the proposed physical data organization.Indeed, ASTROIDE offers a data partitioning technique that allows efficient processing of these queries by ensuring load balancing and eliminating irrelevant partitions. This partitioning uses an indexing technique adapted to astronomical data, in order to reduce query processing time
Hallou, Nabil. "Runtime optimization of binary through vectorization transformations." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S120/document.
Full textIn many cases, applications are not optimized for the hardware on which they run. This is due to backward compatibility of ISA that guarantees the functionality but not the best exploitation of the hardware. Many reasons contribute to this unsatisfying situation such as legacy code, commercial code distributed in binary form, or deployment on compute farms. Our work focuses on maximizing the CPU efficiency for the SIMD extensions. The first contribution is a lightweight binary translation mechanism that does not include a vectorizer, but instead leverages what a static vectorizer previously did. We show that many loops compiled for x86 SSE can be dynamically converted to the more recent and more powerful AVX; as well as, how correctness is maintained with regards to challenges such as data dependencies and reductions. We obtain speedups in line with those of a native compiler targeting AVX. The second contribution is a runtime auto-vectorization of scalar loops. For this purpose, we use open source frame-works that we have tuned and integrated to (1) dynamically lift the x86 binary into the Intermediate Representation form of the LLVM compiler, (2) abstract hot loops in the polyhedral model, (3) use the power of this mathematical framework to vectorize them, and (4) finally compile them back into executable form using the LLVM Just-In-Time compiler. In most cases, the obtained speedups are close to the number of elements that can be simultaneously processed by the SIMD unit. The re-vectorizer and auto-vectorizer are implemented inside a dynamic optimization platform; it is completely transparent to the user, does not require any rewriting of the binaries, and operates during program execution
Da, Silva Silvestre Guthemberg. "Designing Adaptive Replication Schemes for Efficient Content Delivery in Edge Networks." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931562.
Full textBousselmi, Ayoub. "Conception et optimisation d’un système d’information d’aide à la mobilité : une approche multi-agent pour la recherche et la composition des services dans un espace ubiquitaire." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECLI0011/document.
Full textIn a context of ubiquitous mobility, different objects are able to interact with users to provide them with innovative services and help them optimize their travel plans. Indeed, the number of users and the number of service providers requested by these users are actively growing. This growth involves an aspect of competition and requires optimized choices. In this context, the aim of this thesis is to design and optimize a mobility aid system that covers not only transport services but also tourist services, cultural services and many others. The research presented in this thesis proposes the establishment of a Plateforme de Recherche et de composition des Services d'Aide à la Mobilité (PRoSAM) to optimize research, composition and distribution tasks of advanced mobility information. The dynamic and distributed aspects of the problem have led us to adopt an agent-oriented modeling approach to cope with the conditions of a ubiquitous environment. Thanks to a dynamic role switching strategy of user agents and an innovative negotiation protocol, customers are able to exchange services autonomously and to establish full or partial agreements in order to optimize communications over the network. Finally, the simulation results presented in this thesis demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches
Oliveira, Grégory de. "Approche hybride d'optimisation pour la gestion d'énergie dans le bâtiment." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENT002/document.
Full textThis PhD focuses on the global energy management based on energetical flux models ofbuildings. The objective of the energy management system is to help the inhabitants to manage theirbuilding, by scheduling the consumption/production of the different appliances, taking into accountenergy costs, availability et inhabitants’ preferences. The PhD objective is to propose a resolution approach with several solvers inspired by the multi agent systems.A multi-phasis service representing several phasis has been developped. Each phasis is defined by its own consumption level. This type of service presents a better precision than singlephasis approaches to model some appliances. A new optimization approach has been developped. Itcombines different solvers embedded into software agents. The results is an hybrid approach forthe optimization based on the multi-agent system, using MILP algorithms and meta-heuristics
Hadj, Kacem Ahmed. "Systèmes à base de connaissances coopératifs : modélisation des connaissances et étude du contrôle." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30037.
Full textSghir, Inès. "A Multi-Agent based Optimization Method for Combinatorial Optimization Problems." Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0009/document.
Full textWe elaborate a multi-agent based optimization method for combinatorial optimization problems named MAOM-COP. It combines metaheuristics, multiagent systems and reinforcement learning. Although the existing heuristics contain several techniques to escape local optimum, they do not have an entire vision of the evolution of optimization search. Our main objective consists in using the multi-agent system to create intelligent cooperative methods of search. These methods explore several existing metaheuristics. MAOMCOP is composed of the following agents: the decisionmaker agent, the intensification agents and the diversification agents which are composed of the perturbation agent and the crossover agents. Based on learning techniques, the decision-maker agent decides dynamically which agent to activate between intensification agents and crossover agents. If the intensifications agents are activated, they apply local search algorithms. During their searches, they can exchange information, as they can trigger the perturbation agent. If the crossover agents are activated, they perform recombination operations. We applied MAOMCOP to the following problems: quadratic assignment, graph coloring, winner determination and multidimensional knapsack. MAOM-COP shows competitive performances compared with the approaches of the literature
Feki, Mohamed Firas. "Optimisation distribuée pour la recherche des itinéraires multi-opérateurs dans un réseau de transport co-modal." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00604509.
Full textJeribi, Karama. "Conception et réalisation d’un système de gestion de véhicules partagés : de la multimodalité vers la co-modalité." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECLI0033/document.
Full textNowadays, the protection of the environment through the reduction of greenhouse gases is becoming more and more important. In order to resolve environmental problems, a multimodal policy is firstly adopted in order to encourage the use of public transport. Since 2006, a new notion: the co-modality is introduced and it consists on developing infrastructures and taking measures and actions that will ensure optimum combination of individual and public transport modes. In this context, the purpose of this thesis is to implement co-modal transport system that covers all the existing transport services such as the public transport, the carpooling or the free use vehicles (bikes, cars). In order to satisfy the user’s requests, the system offers optimized co-modal itineraries in terms of three criteria: total time, total cost and greenhouse gases emission taking into account their preferences and constraints. In a short time interval, many transport users can formulate simultaneously a set of requests. So the system should find feasible decompositions in terms of independent sub-itineraries called Routes recognizing similarities and recognize the different possibilities of Routes Combinations to compose each itinerary demand. Considering the dynamic and distributed aspect of the problem, an effective strategy combining different concepts like multi-agent system and optimization methods is applied. The experimental results presented in this thesis justify the importance of co-modality and the necessity of taking advantage of the complementarity between the shared vehicles and other means of transportation through an intelligent and global system
Kpakpo, Miguel. "Une approche de gestion de la maintenance de parcs éoliens centrée sur les systèmes multiagents." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMIR33/document.
Full textOptimization & maintenance in the Industrial sector covers different aspects according to the objectives set by the industrial operator. Their common goal is to reduce downtime and failures. For the windfarm operators the goal is to ensure the wind farms high availibility. We went one step further by asking the question of the efficiency of maintenance costs and the profitability. The answer to this question comes from the results of a cost function associated to a simulation model based on multiagents systems. The choice of the multiagent paradigm is motivated by the use of MAS for other simulation purposes and the fact that they guarantee a kind of flexibility regarding the evolution in a moving business context. This Phd thesis focuses on a multi-agent systems model designed to improve the management of wind farms through the definition of a set of financial criteria specific to the wind farm operators
Souai, Mohamed. "Moniteur d'un système fonctionnellement réparti." Grenoble INPG, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPG0044.
Full textDelespierre, Tiba. "Etude de cas sur architectures à mémoires distribuées : une maquette systolique programmable et l'hypercube d'Intel." Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090073.
Full textGutierrez, Garcia José Octavio. "Intéraction dans les systèmes multi-agents par le moyen de normes sociales." Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0159.
Full textThe achievement of common objectives in multiagent systems is only possible through interaction and coordination. Ln order to implement both aspec!s in a effective manner, mIes to direct the behavior of a group of agents are necessary, however, existing mIes are usually static, inflexible, and inappropriate for large systems, where dynamic interaction takes place. We propose mode1ing agent behavior by means of social norms, particularly obligations, delineating agents' roles as independent components, which can be grouped into organizational structures. Additionally, we propose a conversation-based composition method to support dynamic interaction in such organizations. We conceive organizations as sets of actions with pre conditions and effects, expressed in terms obligations. We argue that the inclusion of obligation-based agents' conversations aide to lead the" composition of organizations. Ln order to achieve this, we introduce an agent communication language that defines how messages affect agents' state, and thus, the access to their organizations. We also propose a method to automatically create a generic composer agent that is able to manage and compose organizations, by means of inducing obligations to their participants
Sutra, Pierre. "Efficient protocols for generalized consensus and partial replication." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066531.
Full textMovahedkhah, Réza. "Contribution à l'analyse du processus de conception collaborative et distribuée en vue du développement des systèmes multi-agents." Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA2007.
Full textAlthough, several researches were dedicated to the study of collaborative design process, there is little information available about the analysis of collaborative and distributed design process in order to develop multi-agents systems aided collaborative and distributed design. We consider that the implementation of multi-agents systems aided collaborative and distributed design requires a deeper understanding of the real interactions between actors, inside of the multidisciplinary teams. In this view, it is considered that for the implementation of these systems, it is necessary to observe, to model and to analyze the collaborative and distributed design process with finer granularities levels. The study done in this thesis consists in modelling and analyzing the collaborative and distributed design process. The contributions of the thesis articulate essentially around three axes that are to say: (1) Emergence of concepts, (2) Research of properties of the collaborative and distributed design process, (3) Survey on Intermediate Design Objects (IDO). The first contribution emphasizes a direct relation between the emergence of concepts and the states evolutions of this process at the time of the minds verbalizations to share. The modelling of the set of variables, that are intervening during these interactions, has been achieved for the understanding of the dynamic of interaction between actors. The proposed approach consists to discern, based on the real interactions and the emergence of concepts, the different micro/macro state-problems that characterize the collaborative and distributed design process. The analysis of the micro/macro state-problems, in a real experience of collaborative and distributed design, shows the dynamic of interactions is characterized by several irregular leaps. These leap show that the design process, on a micro scale, is far to be harmonious. The second contribution concerns the identification of properties of the collaborative and distributed design process in order to develop the multi-agents systems aided collaborative and distributed design. To achieve this goal, a formal approach based on the corpus has been developed. This part of our work focuses on the formation of micro-groups characterized by a cohesion coeficient. Three types of co-operations have been differentiated with the help of different types of interactions inside of and between the micro-groups : (1) Complete (total) cooperation, (2) Bilateral cooperation and (3) Quasi-nul cooperation. Furthermore, this part of work enabled us, on the one hand, to identify the key(s) actor(s), and on the other hand, some interesting properties of collaborative and distributed design, such as : (1) Auto-organization, (2) Dynamic of the process, (3) Auto-similarity, (4) Convergence/Divergence of discussions. The third contribution concerns the analysis of the IDOs through the emergence of concepts. The approach has been set up from the real actors interactions on the IDOs, the state-problems emergence (actors-actors) and coupling the state-problems with the IDOs. The dynamic apparition of the IDOs showed that the collaborative design process depends strongly on the coupling state-problems and the IDOs. Due to simultaneity existing between state-problems appeared with the IDOs, we demonstrate, on the one hand, the formation of the homogeneous groups of the IDOs, and on the other hand, the determination of pivots IDOs that are characterized by a strong mental representation
Rozier, Marc. "Expression et réalisation du contrôle d'éxécution dans un système réparti." Grenoble INPG, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPG0109.
Full textNavarrete, Gutiérrez Tomás. "Une architecture de contrôle de systèmes complexes basée sur la simulation multi-agent." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0165/document.
Full textComplex systems are present everywhere in our environment: internet, electricity distribution networks, transport networks. This systems have as characteristics: a large number of autonomous entities, dynamic structures, different time and space scales and emergent phenomena. This thesis work is centered on the problem of control of such systems. The problem is defined as the need to determine, based on a partial perception of the system state, which actions to execute in order to avoid or favor certain global states of the system. This problem comprises several difficult questions: how to evaluate the impact at the global level of actions applied at a global level, how to model the dynamics of an heterogeneous system (different behaviors issue of different levels of interactions), how to evaluate the quality of the estimations issue of the modeling of the system dynamics. We propose a control architecture based on an ``equation-free'' approach. We use a multi-agent model to evaluate the global impact of local control actions before applying the most pertinent set of actions. Associated to our architecture, an experimental platform has been developed to confront the basic ideas or the architecture within the context of simulated ``free-riding'' phenomenon in peer to peer file exchange networks. We have demonstrated that our approach allows to drive the system to a state where most peers share files, despite given initial conditions that are supposed to drive the system to a state where no peer shares. We have also executed experiments with different configurations of the architecture to identify the different means to improve the performance of the architecture
Gionfra, Nicolo. "Stratégies de commande distribuée pour l’optimisation de la production des fermes éoliennes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC017/document.
Full textIn this PhD work we focus on the wind farm (WF) active power control since some of the new set grid requirements of interest can be expressed as specifications on its injection in the electric grid. Besides, one of our main objectives is related to the wind farm power maximization problem under the presence on non-negligible wake effect. The chosen WF control architecture has a two-layer hierarchical distributed structure. First of all, the wind turbine (WT) control is addressed. Here, a nonlinear controller lets a WT work in classic zones of functioning as well as track general deloaded power references. This last feature is a necessary condition to accomplish the WF control specifications. Secondly, the high level WF control problem is formulated as an optimization problem distributed among the WTs. Two novel distributed optimization algorithms are proposed, and their performance tested on different WF examples. Both are based on the well-known particle swarm optimization algorithm, which we modify and extend to be applicable in the multi-agent system framework. Finally, the overall WF control is evaluated by taking into account the WTs controlled dynamics. Simulations show potential significant power gains. Eventually, the introduction of a new control level in the hierarchical structure between the WF optimization and the WTs controllers is proposed. The idea is to let further cooperation among the WT local controllers, via a consensusbased technique, to enhance the overall system performance
Bernard, Samuel. "Algorithmique répartie : vaincre les contraintes des réseaux modernes." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066366.
Full textLombard, Frédéric. "Spécification et mise en oeuvre d'une plateforme de métacomputing multi-agents." Besançon, 2002. http://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://www.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr/pvurl.php?r=http%3A%2F%2Fdallozbndpro-pvgpsla.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr%2Ffr%2Fpvpage2.asp%3Fpuc%3D5442%26nu%3D16.
Full textCharlet, Damien. "Mobilité et coopération dans un système réparti de caches vidéo." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA2055.
Full textRogovchenko, Olena. "Abstractions for time and resource conscious composition in the context of distributed autonomous robotic systems." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066659.
Full textAyed, Dhouha. "Déploiement sensible au contexte d'applications à base de composants." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TELE0006.
Full textThe expansion of wireless communication and mobile hand-held devices allows the deployment of a broad range of applications on mobile terminals such as PDAs and mobile phones. Execution context of applications in mobile environnements undergoes contant changes due to the variation of the user location, his network conection , the characteristics or his terminal and other parameters or his physical environment. These context changes lead the user to carry out several times many deployment tasks of the same application such as its configuration, installation and uninstallation, in order to obtain an application whose configuration satisfies the context requierements. The difficulty and the frequency of these deployment tasks lead us to study the application deployment in a mobile environment and look for a solution for the automation of the deployment adaptation to the context. This thesis proposes a platform for the deploiument adaptation or component-based applications to the context, entitled CADecomp. CADeCompis conceived with a platform independent model which concists of a data model and an execution model. The data model describes méta-information used to adapt the deployment to the context. This méta-information describes the deployment context as well as the rules which define the variations of the deployment partameters according to this context. The execution model specifies the entities that incarnate adaptative mechanisms. It define algorithms which use this the deployment méta-information. This thesis proposes a projection of CADeComp model on the CCM model. CADeComp was implemented and evaluated on this platform
Saint, Dizier Valérie. "Un modèle théorico-empirique de la conception d'un système informatique d'assistance interactif." Nancy 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN21020.
Full textThe thesis presents the designing process of an interactive computational assistance system, which should be capable of helping a novice user, in the context of his interaction with a machine, to use software correctly. The peculiarity of this designing process is twofold : on the one hand, the approach is bottom-up - i. E. We determine the assistance system architecture from the results of inductive and interlocutionary analyses of a conversational corpus; on the other hand, we use a methodology and theories coming from an interactional and constructivist psycho-sociological approach. We describe the technique employed to collect a corpus of tutorial non-didactic human-computer interactions, the methodology and the theories used for the analysis, and their results. Next, we explain how the architecture has been determined on the basis of the analysis results, and we conclude with the system model validation