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Chopik, William J., Jeewon Oh, and Eric S. Kim. "THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ACTOR-PARTNER OPTIMISM AND COGNITIVE ABILITY AMONG OLDER COUPLES." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S813—S814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2999.
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Abstract Optimism has been found to be associated with physical health and interpersonal well-being. Spouses also play an important role on people’s health especially in late life. Yet, little is known about how a spouse’s optimism might be associated with an individual’s cognitive health. This study examined how actor and partner optimism in couples are associated with cognitive ability. Results showed positive associations between actor optimism and cognitive ability (.03 ≤ rs ≤ .17), and partner optimism and cognitive ability (.03 ≤ rs ≤.04), which mostly persisted over time. Further, partner optimism moderated actor optimism. Although highly optimistic people had higher cognitive ability regardless of partner’s optimism (r = .02, p = .22), people particularly benefitted from being married to an optimist (r = .05, p < .001). These results suggest that we need to consider the context of spousal relationships when understanding optimism and cognitive health in older-adulthood.
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Zeng, Weinan, and Meixi Gu. "Relationship between mindfulness and positive affect of Chinese older adults: Optimism as mediator." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 45, no. 1 (February 7, 2017): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.5606.
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We examined the mediating role of optimism in the relationship between mindfulness and positive affect with a sample of 277 Chinese people aged between 51 and 65 years who completed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, the Life Orientation Test-Revised, and the Positive Affect subscale of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Pearson correlation analysis results showed a significant positive relationship between mindfulness, optimism, and positive affect. Mediation analysis results further showed that optimism partially mediated the association between mindfulness and positive affect. Thus, as the findings indicated that enhancing mindfulness levels results in greater optimism, this should be considered an effective measure for promoting positive affect in older adults.
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Maher, Elise, and Robert A. Cummins. "Subjective Quality of Life, Perceived Control and Dispositional Optimism Among Older People." Australasian Journal on Ageing 20, no. 3 (September 6, 2010): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6612.2001.tb01776.x.
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Judge, Stephanie T., Jody L. Clasey, Leslie J. Crofford, and Suzanne C. Segerstrom. "Optimism and Pain Interference in Aging Women." Annals of Behavioral Medicine 54, no. 3 (October 21, 2019): 202–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaz040.
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Abstract Background Pain interferes with people’s daily lives and often limits the extent to which they can pursue goals and engage in activities that promote well-being. However, people vary in how much interference they experience at a given level of pain. Purpose The present study tested how optimism affects and is affected by pain interference and goal-directed activity among older women. Methods Every 3 months for 2 years, community-dwelling middle- and older-age women (N = 199) completed online daily diaries at home for a 7 day period, in which they reported their daily pain, pain interference, and goal-directed activity. Optimism was measured at the start and end of the study. Multilevel models tested the between- and within-person relationships among pain, optimism, and pain interference or goal-directed activity. Linear regression predicted change in optimism over 2 years from pain interference and goal-directed activity. Results Pain best predicted pain interference and optimism best predicted goal-directed activity. There were subtle interactions between optimism and pain-predicting interference and goal-directed activity. Accumulated goal-directed activity and pain interference across the study predicted longitudinal changes in optimism, with higher activity and lower pain interference predicting increased optimism over 2 years. Conclusions Optimism may play a protective role in disruptions caused by pain on a day-to-day basis, leading to increased goal-directed activity and possibly decreased pain interference. In turn, less interference and more goal-directed activity feed forward into increased optimism, resulting in a virtuous cycle that enhances optimism and well-being among older women.
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Puig-Perez, S., R. A. Hackett, A. Salvador, and A. Steptoe. "Optimism moderates psychophysiological responses to stress in older people with Type 2 diabetes." Psychophysiology 54, no. 4 (December 21, 2016): 536–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12806.
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Steptoe, Andrew, Caroline Wright, Sabine R. Kunz-Ebrecht, and Steve Iliffe. "Dispositional optimism and health behaviour in community-dwelling older people: Associations with healthy ageing." British Journal of Health Psychology 11, no. 1 (February 2006): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/135910705x42850.
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Malagón-Aguilera, Maria Carmen, Rosa Suñer-Soler, Anna Bonmatí-Tomas, Cristina Bosch-Farré, Sandra Gelabert-Viella, Aurora Fontova-Almató, Armand Grau-Martín, and Dolors Juvinyà-Canal. "Dispositional Optimism, Burnout and Their Relationship with Self-Reported Health Status among Nurses Working in Long-Term Healthcare Centers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14 (July 8, 2020): 4918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17144918.
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The mental health of nurses working in long-term healthcare centers is affected by the care they provide to older people with major chronic diseases and comorbidity and this in turn affects the quality of that care. The aim of the study was to investigate dispositional optimism, burnout and self-reported health among nurses working in long-term healthcare centers. A descriptive, cross-sectional survey design was used. Survey questionnaires were distributed in 11 long-term health care centers (n = 156) in Catalonia (Spain). The instruments used were LOT-R (dispositional optimism), MBI (burnout) and EuroQol EQ-5D (self-reported health). Bivariate analyses and multivariate linear regression models were used. Self-reported health correlated directly with dispositional optimism and inversely with emotional exhaustion and cynicism. Better perceived health was independently associated with greater dispositional optimism and social support, lower levels of emotional exhaustion level and the absence of burnout. Dispositional optimism in nurses is associated with a greater perception of health and low levels of emotional exhaustion.
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Spitzenstetter, Florence, and Michelle Moessinger. "Personnes âgées et perception des risques en matière de conduite automobile: les conducteurs âgés manifestent-ils encore de l'optimisme comparatif?" Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 27, no. 2 (2008): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cja.27.2.159.
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ABSTRACTPeople frequently express comparative optimism; that is, they believe they are less likely than average to experience negative events. The aim of the present study is, first, to observe whether people of more than 65 years are still optimists when they evaluate driving-related risks; and second, to test the assumption that older drivers show less optimism when they compare themselves with average-age drivers than when they compare themselves with same-age drivers. Our results reveal that drivers of more than 65 years do, indeed, express comparative optimism, but, contrary to our expectation, only in a limited number of cases does the age of the comparison target appear to have an effect. These results are particularly discussed in terms of self-image enhancement.
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Kiling, Indra Yohanes, and Johana Endang Prawitasari. "The Psychological and Demographic Factors of Quality of Life in Older Adults." Journal of Health and Behavioral Science 2, no. 1 (April 16, 2020): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35508/jhbs.v2i1.2118.
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This research aims to determine the relationship between psychological and demographic factors, which are dispositional optimism, and self-efficacy are the psychological factors, meanwhile home, sex and ethnicity as the demographic factors of quality of life in the older adults. The major hypothesis of this research proposed that there are positive relationship from both psychological factors and demographic factors to the quality of life in older adults. This study involved 53 older adult peoples. The result of multiple regression analysis shows that there is a positive relationship from all five variables to the quality of life in older adults as big as 76,5% (Adjusted R2= 0,765). This result means that both the psychological and demographic factors do have effective contributions to the quality of life in older adult people. The results of t-tests are also discussed.
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Dong, Gabriella, and Mengting Li. "Cumulative Adversity and Depressive Symptoms: Optimism as a Moderator." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1625.
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Abstract Older immigrants encountered a wide range of traumatic events across the life span, before and after immigration, in the origin and host countries. Prior studies have shown that traumatic events were associated with depression, but less is known about what are the resilience factors against depression related to traumatic events. Optimism is one of resilience assets reflecting the extent to which people hold generalized favorable expectancies for their future. This study aims to examine whether optimism could moderate the negative impact of exposure to natural disasters, traumatic personal events, and historical events on depressive symptoms. The data were drawn from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE) in 2017-2019, with a sample size of 3,125. Traumatic life events were evaluated by natural disasters (typhoon, earthquake, and tornado), personal events (e.g. death of a loved one, physical assault) and historical events (e.g. Japanese invasion of China). Depressive symptoms were measured by PHQ-9. Optimism was assessed by Revised Life Orientation test. Linear regression with interaction terms was used. Older adults with one additional exposure to natural disaster (b=0.34, SE=0.07, p <.001), personal event (b=0.32, SE=0.05, p <.001), and historical event (b=0.14, SE=0.04, p <.001) were associated with higher depressive symptoms. Optimism could buffer the negative impacts of natural disasters (b=-0.03, SE=0.01, p <.05), personal events (b=-0.05, SE=0.01, p <.001), and historical events (b=-0.02, SE=0.01, p <.01) on depressive symptoms. Psychological interventions are suggested to increase optimism of older adults with exposure to lifetime traumatic events to reduce their depressive symptoms.
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Savage, Rachel D., Kate Hardacre, Aya Mahder Bashi, Susan E. Bronskill, Colin Faulkner, Jim Grieve, Andrea Gruneir, et al. "Perspectives on ageing: a qualitative study of the expectations, priorities, needs and values of older people from two Canadian provinces." Age and Ageing 50, no. 5 (July 3, 2021): 1811–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afab136.
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Abstract Background Understanding the needs and values of older people is vital to build responsive policies, services and research agendas in this time of demographic transition. Older peoples’ expectations and priorities for ageing, as well as their beliefs regarding challenges facing ageing societies, are multi-faceted and require regular updates as populations’ age. Objective To develop an understanding of self-perceptions of ageing and societal ageing among Canadian retirees of the education sector to define a meaningful health research agenda. Methods We conducted four qualitative focus groups among 27 members of a Canadian retired educators’ organisation. Data were analysed using an inductive thematic approach. Results We identified four overarching themes: (1) vulnerability to health challenges despite a healthier generation, (2) maintaining health and social connection for optimal ageing, (3) strengthening person-centred healthcare for ageing societies and (4) mobilising a critical mass to enact change. Participants’ preconceptions of ageing differed from their personal experiences. They prioritised maintaining health and social connections and felt that current healthcare practices disempowered them to manage and optimise their health. Although the sheer size of their demographic instilled optimism of their potential to garner positive change, participants felt they lacked mechanisms to contribute to developing solutions to address this transition. Conclusion Our findings suggest a need for health research that improves perceptions of ageing and supports health system transformations to deliver person-centred care. Opportunities exist to harness their activism to engage older people as partners in shaping solution-oriented research that can support planning for an ageing society.
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Jacobs, Jeremy M., Yoram Maaravi, and Jochanan Stessman. "Optimism and Longevity Beyond Age 85." Journals of Gerontology: Series A 76, no. 10 (February 20, 2021): 1806–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glab051.
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Abstract Background Optimism is associated with health benefits and improved survival among adults older than 65 years. Whether or not optimism beyond age 85 continues to confer survival benefits is poorly documented. We examine the hypothesis that being optimistic at ages 85 and 90 is associated with improved survival. Method The Jerusalem Longitudinal Study (1990–2020) assessed comorbidity, depression, cognition, social and functional status, and 5-year mortality among a representative community sample, born during 1920–1921, at age 85 (n = 1096) and age 90 (n = 533). Overall optimism (Op-Total) was measured using a validated 7-item score from the Scale of Subjective Wellbeing for Older Persons. The 4 questions concerning positive future expectations (Op-Future) and 3 questions concerning positive experiences (Op-Happy) were also analyzed separately. We determined unadjusted mortality hazards ratios and also adjusted for gender, financial difficulty, marital status, educational status, activities of daily living dependence, physical activity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, cognitive impairment, and depression. Results Between ages 85–90 and 90–95 years, 33.2% (364/1096) and 44.3% (236/533) people died, respectively. All mean optimism scores declined from age 85 to 90, with males significantly more optimistic than females throughout. All measures of optimism (Op-Total, Op-Future, and Op-Happy) at ages 85 and 90 were significantly associated with improved 5-year survival from age 85 to 90 and 90 to 95, respectively, in both unadjusted and adjusted models. Findings remained unchanged after separately excluding depressed subjects, cognitively impaired subjects, and subjects dying within 6 months from baseline. Conclusions These finding support the hypothesis that being optimistic continues to confer a survival benefit irrespective of advancing age.
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Rabiee, Parvaneh, and Caroline Glendinning. "Choice and control for older people using home care services: how far have council-managed personal budgets helped?" Quality in Ageing and Older Adults 15, no. 4 (December 8, 2014): 210–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qaoa-04-2014-0007.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report the experiences of older people who use council-managed personal budgets (PBs) to fund home care services and their satisfaction with the level of choice and control they are able to exercise. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 18 older people from eight home care agencies across three councils in England. All interviews were semi-structured and face-to-face. Findings – Despite some optimism about improvements in choice and flexibility experienced by older people using home care services, the findings from this small study suggest that the gap between the “ideal” of user choice and the “reality” of practice continues to be significant. The level of choice and control older people felt able to exercise to tailor home care services to their personal needs and preferences was restricted to low level choices. Other choices were constrained by the low levels of older people's PBs and council restrictions on what PBs can be spent on. Older people's understanding of limitations in public funding/pressures on agencies and their reluctance to play an active consumer role including willingness to “exit” from unsatisfactory care arrangements appeared to further challenge the potential for achieving greater choice and control through council-managed PBs. Originality/value – The English government's policy emphasis on personalisation of care and support and new organisational arrangements for managed PBs aim to promote user choice and control. This is the first study to report the experiences of older people using managed PBs under these new arrangements. The paper highlights areas of interests and concerns that social care staff, support planners and commissioners may need to consider.
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Puig-Perez, Sara, Carolina Villada, Matias M. Pulopulos, Mercedes Almela, Vanesa Hidalgo, and Alicia Salvador. "Optimism and pessimism are related to different components of the stress response in healthy older people." International Journal of Psychophysiology 98, no. 2 (November 2015): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.09.002.
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Zayas, Antonio, Ana Merchán-Clavellino, José Antonio López-Sánchez, and Rocío Guil. "Confinement Situation of the Spanish Population during the Health Crisis of COVID-19: Resilience Mediation Process in the Relationship of Dispositional Optimism and Psychological Well-Being." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 8, 2021): 6190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126190.
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The pandemic generated by COVID-19 is one of the most complex challenges humanity has faced in recent years. This study aims to explore the levels of dispositional optimism, resilience and psychological well-being in the sociodemographic and economic situation produced during the state of alarm and to investigate the resilience mediation between optimism and psychological well-being. The sample included 566 volunteers from Spain (73.5% women; M = 40.2 years, SD = 12.8). An ad hoc questionnaire was applied to request socioeconomic data and dispositional optimism (LOT-R). Resilience and psychological well-being were, respectively, evaluated by the Ryff scale and the Wagnild and Young scale. The results show that older and people with higher educational levels are more optimistic and have better psychological well-being. Well-being is also greater in married, divorced and widowed people and in those who have lived in outdoor spaces. However, those with spaced housing were more optimistic. Finally, it was found that the most optimistic people have better psychological well-being and that this is increased by the mediation process exercised by the ability to overcome adversity, provided age and educational level are controlled. It can be concluded that the design of preventive programs focused on improving strengths, positive emotions and skills in the population would be convenient to protect mental health.
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Dumitrache, Cristina G., Laura Rubio, and Eulogio Cordón-Pozo. "Successful aging in Spanish older adults: the role of psychosocial resources." International Psychogeriatrics 31, no. 2 (May 25, 2018): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610218000388.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Psychological and social resources such as extraversion, optimism, social support, or social networks contribute to adaptation and to successful aging. Building on assumptions derived from successful aging and from the developmental adaptation models, this study aims to analyze the joint impact of different psychosocial resources, such as personality, social relations, health, and socio-demographic characteristics on life satisfaction in a group of people aged 65 years-old and older from Spain.Method:A cross-sectional survey using non-proportional quota sampling was carried out. The sample comprised 406 community-dwelling older adults (M = 74.88, SD = 6.75). In order to collect the data, face-to-face interviews were individually conducted. A structural equation model (SEM) was carried out using the PLS software.Results:The results of the SEM model showed that, within this sample, psychosocial variables explain 47.4% of the variance in life satisfaction. Social relations and personality, specifically optimism, were strongly related with life satisfaction, while health status and socio-demographic characteristics were modestly associated with life satisfaction.Conclusions:Findings support the view that psychosocial resources are important for successful aging and therefore should be included in successful aging models. Furthermore, interventions aimed at fostering successful aging should take into account the role of psychosocial variables.
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Raue, Martina, Lisa D’Ambrosio, Taylor Patskanick, John Rudnik, Adam Felts, and Julie Miller. "Internal and External Resources of the Lifestyle Leaders." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2073.
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Abstract With older age, people experience declines in resources and face new challenges. The goal of this study was to understand how resource decline affects the oldest olds’ well-being, but also to learn who they trust and where they go for advice in areas such as health, finances, and technology. This sample of 30 participants between the ages of 85 and 95 was generally resource-rich, scoring highest on self-esteem and optimism and lowest on mastery. Self-esteem and optimism correlated with financial resources, indicating a significant role of finances in this rather wealthy sample. Well-being was predicted by self-esteem and physical health. Presumably, their high levels of self-esteem compensate for the loss of other resources among the oldest old. The majority of lifestyle leaders trust in other people, and while friends and family are very important sources of advice, searching online was equally often mentioned as a source when looking for advice.
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Bretherton, Susan Jane, and Louise Anne McLean. "Interrelations of stress, optimism and control in older people's psychological adjustment." Australasian Journal on Ageing 34, no. 2 (March 13, 2014): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12138.
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Karris, Maile, Peter Mazonson, Theoren Loo, Jeff Berko, Frank Spinelli, and Andrew Zolopa. "929. Characteristics Associated with Pain in Older People Living with HIV." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1115.
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Abstract Background Pain impacts up to 55% of people living with HIV (PLWH) and negatively impacts function. To date, limited data exist regarding factors that contribute to pain in older PLWH. Methods Data were utilized from the Aging with Dignity, Health, Optimism and Community (ADHOC) cohort, an observational study of older PLWH from ten clinics across the U.S. that collects patient-reported outcomes (PROs) on socioeconomic, psychosocial, and health factors. To measure pain, ADHOC participants were asked whether they had been diagnosed with back pain, hip pain, joint pain, or muscle pain, and were also instructed to report chronic pain conditions that were not listed. Bivariate analyses were performed to determine the associations between pain and PROs. Results Of 1,051 participants, 66% reported at least one type of pain. Factors associated with pain included multimorbidity, low income, anxiety, loneliness, depression, tobacco use, and older age (Table 1). Factors negatively associated with pain included employment, higher cognitive function, higher quality of life, greater resilience, higher social well-being, and alcohol use. Table 1. Characteristics associated with pain among older people living with HIV. Pairwise correlations are reported above using correlation coefficient r. Conclusion Improving pain management is currently a priority in the US healthcare system. Some factors identified in this study, including systemic issues such as socioeconomic status and employment, are not easily modifiable. Other factors, such as anxiety, depression, and smoking, are modifiable and therefore represent targets for interventions focused on improving pain and its sequelae in older PLWH. Disclosures Maile Karris, MD, Gilead Sciences (Grant/Research Support)Viiv Healthcare (Grant/Research Support) Peter Mazonson, MD, MBA, ViiV Healthcare (Grant/Research Support) Theoren Loo, MS, BS, ViiV Healthcare (Grant/Research Support) Jeff Berko, MPH, BS, ViiV Healthcare (Grant/Research Support) Frank Spinelli, MD, ViiV Healthcare (Employee) Andrew Zolopa, MD, ViiV Healthcare (Employee)
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Millstein, Rachel A., Jeff C. Huffman, Anne N. Thorndike, Melanie Freedman, Carlyn Scheu, Sonia Kim, Hermioni L. Amonoo, Margot Barclay, and Elyse R. Park. "How Do Positive Psychological Constructs Affect Physical Activity Engagement Among Individuals at High Risk for Chronic Health Conditions? A Qualitative Study." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 17, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 977–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2019-0295.
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Background: Positive psychological constructs (eg, optimism, positive affect) may help people engage in physical activity, though the details of these relationships and their directionality have not been studied in depth in people with cardiovascular risk factors. The objectives of this study were to use qualitative research to explore the relationships of positive psychological constructs with physical activity among people with metabolic syndrome. Methods: Participants with metabolic syndrome and low physical activity from an academic medical center completed semistructured phone interviews about associations between physical activity and positive psychological constructs, and perceptions about benefits, motivation, and barriers to physical activity. Results: The participants (n = 21) were predominantly older (mean age = 63 y) white (95.2%) women (61.9%). Engaging in physical activity was commonly associated with enjoyment, energy, relaxation, accomplishment, and determination. Experiencing positive psychological constructs like enjoyment, energy, connectedness, optimism, and determination also helped them engage in physical activity. Perceived benefits, facilitators, and barriers of physical activity engagement were noted. Conclusions: The participants at high risk for chronic diseases described many specific positive psychological constructs that both promote and result from physical activity. Testing ways to increase positive psychological constructs may be a novel way to help people at high risk of chronic diseases become more active.
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Masoom, Muhammad Rehan. "Measuring Muslim Religiosity and Outlining Gender-Age Differences." Comparative Sociology 19, no. 1 (March 20, 2020): 122–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341520.
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Abstract The present study formulates a scale consisting of items that have valid and reliable psychometric properties to measure Muslim religiosity, and to see whether any variations exist by gender and age. In a sample of people aged 10 and older with at least primary education, the study found that four factors (Religious Involvement, Religious Commitment, Religious Beliefs, and General Optimism) can measure Muslim religiosity with a high level of validity and reliability. Muslim females are more religious than males and religiosity increases steadily with age.
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Maestas, Nicole, and Julie Zissimopoulos. "How Longer Work Lives Ease the Crunch of Population Aging." Journal of Economic Perspectives 24, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 139–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.24.1.139.
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Population aging is not a looming crisis of the future—it is already here. Economic challenges arise when the increase in people surviving to old age and the decline in the number of young people alive to support them cause the growth in society's consumption needs to outpace growth in its productive capacity. The ultimate impact of population aging on our standard of living in the future depends a great deal on how long people choose to work before they retire from the labor force. Here, there is reason for optimism. A constellation of forces, some just now gaining momentum, has raised labor force participation at older ages at just the time it is needed. We examine the most important factors behind the increase in labor force participation realized to date: the shift in the skill composition of the workforce, and technological change. We argue that forces such as changes in the structure of employer-provided pensions and Social Security are likely to propel future increases in labor force participation at older ages. The labor market is accommodating older workers to some degree, and older men and women are themselves adapting on a number of fronts, which could substantially lessen the economic impact of population aging. Age-related health declines and the reluctance of employers to hire and retain older workers present challenges, but the outlook for future gains in labor force participation at older ages is promising.
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Kim, Eric S., William J. Chopik, and Jacqui Smith. "Are people healthier if their partners are more optimistic? The dyadic effect of optimism on health among older adults." Journal of Psychosomatic Research 76, no. 6 (June 2014): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.03.104.
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Mazonson, Peter, Theoren Loo, Jeff Berko, Sarah-Marie Chan, Ryan Westergaard, and James Sosman. "352. Characteristics Associated with Pre-Frailty in Older People Living with HIV." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.425.
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Abstract Background Frailty is a concern among older people living with HIV (PLHIV). There is a paucity of research characterizing PLHIV who are at risk of becoming frail (pre-frailty). To investigate how HIV impacts older PLHIV in the United States, a new study called Aging with Dignity, Health, Optimism and Community (ADHOC) was launched at ten sites to collect self-reported data. This analysis uses data from ADHOC to identify factors associated with pre-frailty. Methods Pre-frailty was assessed using the Frailty Index for Elders (FIFE), where a score of zero indicated no frailty, 1–3 indicated pre-frailty, and 4–10 indicated frailty. A cross-sectional analysis was performed on 262 PLHIV (age 50+) to determine the association between pre-frailty and self-reported sociodemographic, health, and clinical indicators using bivariate analyses. Factors associated with pre-frailty were then included in a logistic regression analysis using backward selection. Results The average age of ADHOC participants was 59 years. Eighty-two percent were male, 66% were gay or lesbian, and 56% were white. Forty-seven percent were classified with pre-frailty, 26% with frailty, and 27% with no frailty. In bivariate analyses, pre-frailty was associated with depression, low cognitive function, depression, multiple comorbidities, low income, low social support and unemployment (Table 1). In the multiple logistic regression analysis, pre-frailty was associated with having low cognitive function (Odds Ratio [OR] 8.56, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 3.24–22.63), 4 or more comorbid conditions (OR 4.00, 95% CI: 2.23–7.06), and an income less than $50,000 (OR 2.70, 95% CI: 1.56–4.68) (Table 2). Conclusion This study shows that commonly collected clinical and sociodemographic metrics can help identify PLWH who are more likely to have pre-frailty. Early recognition of factors associated with pre-frailty among PLHIV may help to prevent progression to frailty. Understanding markers of increased risk for pre-frailty may help clinicians and health systems better target multi-modal interventions to prevent negative health outcomes associated with frailty. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Solomon, Patricia, Kelly Kathleen O’Brien, Stephanie Nixon, Lori Letts, Larry Baxter, and Nicole Gervais. "Trajectories of Episodic Disability in People Aging with HIV: A Longitudinal Qualitative Study." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 17 (January 1, 2018): 232595821875921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325958218759210.
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People living with HIV may experience disability which is episodic in nature, characterized by periods of wellness and illness. The purpose of this longitudinal qualitative study was to understand how the episodic nature of HIV and the associated uncertainty shape the disability experience of older adults living with HIV over time. Fourteen men and 10 women who were HIV positive and over 50 years (mean age: 57 years; range: 50-73) participated in 4 interviews over 20 months. Longitudinal analyses of the transcribed interviews identified 4 phenotypes of episodic disability over time: decreasing, increasing, stable, or significant fluctuations. Although all participants experienced uncertainty, acceptance and optimism were hallmarks of those whose phenotypes were stable or improved over time. Understanding a person’s episodic trajectory may help to tailor interventions to promote stability, mitigate an upward trajectory of increasing disability, and increase the time between episodes of illness.
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Dollard, Joanne, Christopher Barton, Jonathan Newbury, and Deborah Turnbull. "Older community-dwelling people's comparative optimism about falling: A population-based telephone survey." Australasian Journal on Ageing 32, no. 1 (May 18, 2012): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6612.2012.00597.x.
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Intrieri, Robert, and Paige Goodwin. "The Life Orientation Test: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis Across Three Age Groups." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1486.
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Abstract The Life Orientation Test (LOT; Scheier & Carver, 1985) was developed as a measure of dispositional optimism. Optimism has been linked to positive life outcomes and is associated with psychological (Carver & Gaines, 1987; Scheier & Carver, 1985) and physical (Scheier & Carver, 1987; Scheier et al. 1989) well-being. The current study assessed 520 people placed into three age groups: young adult (n =149), middle-age adult (n = 252), and older adult (n = 119). The mean age for the young group was 19.24 (SD = 2.01), middle-aged (47.68 (SD = 4.75), and old was 71.99 (SD = 7.21). Data were submitted for a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) which tested for invariance across the age groups. Previous factor analyses have identified two distinct factors representing optimism and pessimism. Results from the CFA showed that both Configural and Metric invariance models demonstrated acceptable fit for the two factor model (□2(df=57) = 61.92, p = 0.3047; □2(df=69) = 78.77, p = 0.1974). In contrast, Scalar invariance resulted in a poor fit across the three age groups (□2(df=81) = 139.288, p < 0.0001). Model comparisons revealed no significant differences between Configural and Metric models (□2(df=12) = 16.996, p = 0.1498). Model comparisons between Configural and Scalar and Metric and Scalar were (□2(df=24) = 78.947, p < 0.0001; □2(df=12) = 61.764, p < 0.0001). These results confirm previous research that shows a correlated two factor model consistent with the concept that optimism and pessimism are correlated elements rather than two ends of a continuum.
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Holmes, Alice L., Marta H. Woolford, and Joseph E. Ibrahim. "Giving older people the opportunity to optimise their quality of life." Medical Journal of Australia 208, no. 8 (May 2018): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja17.01238.
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Dumitrache, Cristina G., Gill Windle, and Ramona Rubio Herrera. "Do Social Resources Explain the Relationship Between Optimism and Life Satisfaction in Community-Dwelling Older People? Testing a Multiple Mediation Model." Journal of Happiness Studies 16, no. 3 (April 24, 2014): 633–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9526-3.
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Vourliotis, N., K. Grimshaw, and R. Harris. "5 Quality Improvement Project (QIP): A Teamwork Approach to Optimise Fluid Intake in Older Inpatients #ButFirstADrink." Age and Ageing 50, Supplement_1 (March 2021): i1—i6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afab028.05.
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Abstract The shortfalls of hydration management have been widely exposed since the Frances report in 2013. Age-related changes create challenges for people to drink adequate fluid amounts (Nazarko, 2018), making dehydration prevention in older people an ongoing public health priority (NICE, 2016). Hydration needs of older people are complex and may not be fully understood. A proactive MDT approach to facilitate regular drinking opportunities seems an achievable solution to increase hydration awareness, knowledge and daily fluid intake in older inpatients. A QI methodology was used, including stakeholder engagement and PDSA learning cycles to influence, engage and educate staff on hydration management. Outcome measures: Fluid intake (ml/day), number of drinks/days based on fluid balance chart recordings. Interventions: Sharing the #ButFirstADrink social media hydration movement, which includes educational posters, flyers and a YouTube video. Face to face drop-in education sessions were implemented using local hydration education resources from Age UK Salford and GM nutrition and hydration programme as teaching tools. SPC charts were used to show a time-series data. In 15 weeks, 461/525 fluid charts were reviewed from 169 patients. Mean age was 84 years and 68% females. Average daily fluid intake increased by 25% (exceeding aim) indicating 176mls more fluid was offered on average/day. Mean number of drinks/days increased from 4.6 to 6 post interventions. Knowledge and attitude improved in some areas; however fluid output is not routinely recorded. Post intervention, 89% of staff felt that offering a drink at first contact is a suitable hydration promotion campaign. The project scored 58% using the NHS sustainability model (ACT Academy, 2018) suggesting reason for optimism. As it is a behaviour change project, further engagement and momentum is dependent on ongoing enthusiasm to drive the #ButFirstADrink approach. This intervention is free, simple and innovative and stimulates behaviour change, raises drinking awareness and increases hydration.
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Arnett, Jeffrey Jensen, and Deeya Mitra. "Are the Features of Emerging Adulthood Developmentally Distinctive? A Comparison of Ages 18–60 in the United States." Emerging Adulthood 8, no. 5 (December 19, 2018): 412–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167696818810073.
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A large national sample of adults ages 18–60 was surveyed on features proposed in the theory of emerging adulthood, including identity explorations, self-focus, feeling in-between, instability, and possibilities/optimism. Additional items were included on feeling that this time of life is a time of freedom and a time that is fun and exciting and on feelings of anxiety and depression. Emerging adults (ages 18–25) were more likely to endorse nearly all the items proposed in the theory of emerging adulthood, yet a surprisingly high proportion of adults in the older age groups (26–29, 30–39, and 40–60) also agreed that the items apply to their current time of life. Thus, the results indicate that the features proposed in the theory of emerging adulthood are more likely to be found among 18- to 25-year-olds than among people in older age groups, but they may not be as distinctive to emerging adulthood as the theory predicted.
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Shafiee Hanjani, Leila, Duncan Long, Nancye M. Peel, Geeske Peeters, Christopher R. Freeman, and Ruth E. Hubbard. "Interventions to Optimise Prescribing in Older People with Dementia: A Systematic Review." Drugs & Aging 36, no. 3 (December 19, 2018): 247–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40266-018-0620-9.
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Ayis, Salma, Constanca Paul, and Shah Ebrahim. "Psychological Disorders in Old Age." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 26, no. 1 (January 2010): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000006.
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Optimal cutoff points based on response to the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) used to identify cases of psychological disorder have serious limitations. We used a latent class model (LCM) to improve case identification, on a national survey data of 999 individuals aged 65 + years, living in Britain. The method suggested three clusters of homogeneous response to GHQ-12, comprising 70% noncases, 24% possible, and 6%, probable cases. The three groups differ in characteristics including objective ones, such as health and subjective such as optimism. The solution seems sensible in recognizing a range of case severity, which will help in applying suitable interventions on mild and moderate cases that are common among older people and are likely to become more serious.
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França, Alex Bacadini, Adam Lee Gordon, Rajvinder Samra, Evelise Saia Rodolpho Duarte, and Alessandro Ferrari Jacinto. "Symptoms of mood disorders in family carers of older people with dementia who experience caregiver burden: a network approach." Age and Ageing 49, no. 4 (February 24, 2020): 628–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa008.
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Abstract Background informal carers of people with dementia are at greater risk of anxiety and depressive disorders if they find caregiving to be a burden. The aim of this study was to use a network analysis of cross-sectional data to investigate the relationships between anxiety and depressive symptoms in family carers of older people with dementia who experience burden. Methods sixty family carers exhibiting high levels of burden using the Zarit Burden Interview were included in the study. Participants completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The network analysis identified the depression and anxiety symptom network using features including a topological graph, network centrality metrics and community analysis. The network was estimated through the graphical LASSO technique in combination with a walktrap algorithm to obtain the clusters within the network and the connections between the nodes (symptoms). A directed acyclic graph was generated to model symptom interactions. Results the resulting network architecture shows important bridges between depression and anxiety symptoms. Lack of pleasure and loss of enjoyment were identified as potential gateway symptoms to other anxiety and depression symptoms and represent possible therapeutic targets for psychosocial interventions. Fear and loss of optimism were highly central symptoms, indicating their importance as warning signs of more generalised anxiety and depression. Conclusions this network analysis of depressive and anxiety symptoms in overburdened family carers provides important insights as to what symptoms may be the most important targets for behavioural interventions.
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Spargo, Maureen, Nicola Goodfellow, Claire Scullin, Sonja Grigoleit, Andreas Andreou, Constandinos X. Mavromoustakis, Bárbara Guerra, et al. "Shaping the Future of Digitally Enabled Health and Care." Pharmacy 9, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy9010017.
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People generally need more support as they grow older to maintain healthy and active lifestyles. Older people living with chronic conditions are particularly dependent on healthcare services. Yet, in an increasingly digital society, there is a danger that efforts to drive innovations in eHealth will neglect the needs of those who depend on healthcare the most—our ageing population. The SHAPES (Smart and Healthy Ageing through People Engaging in Supportive Systems) Innovation Action aims to create an open European digital platform that facilitates the provision of meaningful, holistic support to older people living independently. A pan-European pilot campaign will evaluate a catalogue of digital solutions hosted on the platform that have been specifically adapted for older people. ‘Medicines control and optimisation’ is one of seven themes being explored in the campaign and will investigate the impact of digital solutions that aim to optimise medicines use by way of fostering effective self-management, while facilitating timely intervention by clinicians based on remote monitoring and individualised risk assessments powered by artificial intelligence. If successful, the SHAPES Innovation Action will lead to a greater sense of self-sufficiency and empowerment in people living with chronic conditions as they grow older.
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MENICHETTI, JULIA, PIETRO CIPRESSO, DARIO BUSSOLIN, and GUENDALINA GRAFFIGNA. "Engaging older people in healthy and active lifestyles: a systematic review." Ageing and Society 36, no. 10 (July 27, 2015): 2036–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x15000781.
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ABSTRACTIn 2002, the World Health Organization emphasised the concept of active ageing to manage and increase the last third of life. Although many efforts have been made to optimise treatment management, less attention has been paid to health promotion initiatives. To date, few shared guidelines exist that promote an active life in healthy older targets. To fill this gap, we conducted a systematic review to map health promotion interventions that targeted an active and healthy ageing among older citizens. Articles containing the key term active ageing and seven synonyms were searched for in the electronic databases. Because we were interested in actions aimed to promote healthier lifestyles, we connected the string with the term health. A total of 3,918 titles were retrieved and 20 articles were extracted. Twelve of the 20 studies used group interventions, five interventions targeted the individual level and three interventions targeted the community level. Interventions differed for the health focus of the programmes, which ranged from physical activity interventions to social participation or cognitive functioning. Most of the studies aimed to act on psychological components. The review suggests that different interventions promoted for active ageing are effective in improving specific healthy and active lifestyles; however, no studies were concerned directly with a holistic process of citizen health engagement to improve long-term outcomes.
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O'Connell, Alison, and Kim Dunstan. "Do Cohort Mortality Trends Emigrate? Insights on The U.K.'s Golden Cohort From A Comparison with a British Settler Country." British Actuarial Journal 15, S1 (2009): 91–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357321700005535.
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ABSTRACTThe assumed rate of future mortality improvement has increased over three recent sets of the United Kingdom's national population projections. This optimism has not been so marked in countries which share ancestors with the U.K. population. New Zealand is one such country that provides a data-rich case example in which to investigate the portability of mortality trends.This paper compares mortality trends in New Zealand with those in England & Wales. Both countries seem to have a ‘golden cohort’ which enjoys faster improving mortality than people born before or after. The birth of the golden cohort in England & Wales coincided with cohort life expectancy there catching up with New Zealand's.We show that first generation migrants from the U.K. have better mortality than New Zealand born residents likely to have British ancestry. The advantage lasts into older ages, decades after migration. We hypothesise that migrants from the U.K.'s golden cohort brought with them an early life mortality improvement advantage, and additionally benefited from the healthier environment of New Zealand at middle to older ages. Further, given the recent strong mortality improvement in New Zealand, the U.K.'s assumptions for future mortality look relatively optimistic.
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Murphy, M., K. Bennett, S. Ryan, C. Hughes, A. Lavan, and C. Cadogan. "Interventions to optimise medication prescribing and adherence in older people with cancer: A systematic scoping review." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 29, Supplement_1 (March 26, 2021): i23—i24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riab015.027.
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Abstract Introduction Older adults with cancer often require multiple medications (polypharmacy) comprising cancer-specific treatments, supportive care medications (e.g. analgesics) and medications for pre-existing conditions. The reported prevalence of polypharmacy in older adults with cancer ranges from 13–92% (1). Increasing numbers of medications pose risks of potentially inappropriate prescribing and medication non-adherence. Aim The aim of this scoping review was to provide an overview of evaluations of interventions to optimise medication prescribing and/or adherence in older adults with cancer, with a particular focus on the interventions, study populations and outcome measures that have been assessed in previous evaluations. Methods Four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO) were searched from inception to 29th November 2019 using relevant search terms (e.g. cancer, older adults, prescribing, adherence). Eligible studies evaluated interventions seeking to improve medication prescribing and/or adherence in older adults (≥65 years) with an active cancer diagnosis using a comparative evaluation (e.g. inclusion of a control group). All outcomes for studies that met inclusion criteria were included in the review. Two reviewers independently screened relevant abstracts for inclusion and performed data extraction. As a scoping review aims to provide a broad overview of existing literature, formal assessments of methodological quality of included studies were not undertaken. Extracted data were collated using tables and accompanying narrative descriptive summaries. The review was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines (2). Results The electronic searches yielded 21,136 citations (Figure 1). Nine studies met inclusion criteria. Included studies consisted of five randomised controlled trials (RCTs), including one cluster RCT, and four before-and-after study designs. Studies were primarily conducted in oncology clinics, ranging from single study sites to 109 oncology clinics. Sample sizes ranged from 33 to 4844 patients. All studies had a sample population with a mean/median age of ≥65 years, however, only two studies focused specifically on older populations. Interventions most commonly involved patient education (n=6), and were delivered by pharmacists or nurses. Five studies referred to the intervention development process and no studies reported any theoretical underpinning. Three studies reported on prescribing-related outcomes and seven studies reported on adherence-related outcomes, using different terminology and a range of assessments. Prescribing-related outcomes comprised assessments of medication appropriateness (using Beers criteria), drug-related problems and drug interactions. Adherence-related outcomes included assessments of self-reported medication adherence and calculation of patients’ medication possession ratio. Conclusion The main strength of this scoping review is that it provides a broad overview of the existing literature on interventions aimed at optimising medication prescribing and adherence in older adults with cancer. The review highlights a lack of robust studies specifically targeting this patient population and limited scope to pool outcome data across included studies. Limitations of the review were that searches were restricted to English language publications and no grey literature was searched. Future research should focus specifically on older patients with cancer, and exercise rigour during intervention development, evaluation and reporting in order to generate findings that could inform future practice. References 1. Maggiore RJ, Gross CP, Hurria A. Polypharmacy in older adults with cancer. The oncologist. 2010;15(5):507–22. 2. Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O'Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, et al. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467–73.
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Ambrosi-Randić, Neala, Marina Nekić, and Ivana Tucak Junaković. "Felt Age, Desired, and Expected Lifetime in the Context of Health, Well-Being, and Successful Aging." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 87, no. 1 (July 18, 2017): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091415017720888.
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This study examines the interrelations of three different aspects of the subjective age: felt, desired and expected, as well as their relations with the chronological age (CA), health, and psychological well-being variables. Four hundred and twenty-three community-dwelling Croatian adults, aged 60–95 years, participated in the study. All three subjective age measures significantly correlated with the CA. Self-rated health were better predictors of the subjective age compared to the psychological variables. Among psychological variables, successful aging was the only significant predictor of the felt and expected age, while optimism showed to be the only significant predictor of the desired age. Results indicate the importance of some sociodemographic, psychological, and health variables for understanding older persons' subjective age identity and their desires and expectations regarding length of life. Besides the CA, it is very useful to include subjective age measures in research with elderly people.
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Hounkpatin, Hilda O., Geraldine M. Leydon, Kristin Veighey, Kirsten Armstrong, Miriam Santer, Maarten W. Taal, Pete Annells, Carl May, Paul J. Roderick, and Simon DS Fraser. "Patients’ and kidney care team’s perspectives of treatment burden and capacity in older people with chronic kidney disease: a qualitative study." BMJ Open 10, no. 12 (December 2020): e042548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042548.
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ObjectiveChronic kidney disease (CKD) is often a multimorbid condition and progression to more severe disease is commonly associated with increased management requirements, including lifestyle change, more medication and greater clinician involvement. This study explored patients’ and kidney care team’s perspectives of the nature and extent of this workload (treatment burden) and factors that support capacity (the ability to manage health) for older individuals with CKD.DesignQualitative semistructured interview and focus group study.Setting and participantsAdults (aged 60+) with predialysis CKD stages G3–5 (identified in two general practitioner surgeries and two renal clinics) and a multiprofessional secondary kidney care team in the UK.Results29 individuals and 10 kidney team members were recruited. Treatment burden themes were: (1) understanding CKD, its treatment and consequences, (2) adhering to treatments and management and (3) interacting with others (eg, clinicians) in the management of CKD. Capacity themes were: (1) personal attributes (eg, optimism, pragmatism), (2) support network (family/friends, service providers), (3) financial capacity, environment (eg, geographical distance to unit) and life responsibilities (eg, caring for others). Patients reported poor provision of CKD information and lack of choice in treatment, whereas kidney care team members discussed health literacy issues. Patients reported having to withdraw from social activities and loss of employment due to CKD, which further impacted their capacity.ConclusionImproved understanding of and measures to reduce the treatment burden (eg, clear information, simplified medication, joined up care, free parking) associated with CKD in individuals as well as assessment of their capacity and interventions to improve capacity (social care, psychological support) will likely improve patient experience and their engagement with kidney care services.
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Racine, Emmy, Anna Soye, Patrick Barry, Finola Cronin, Orla Hosford, Eileen Moriarty, Kieran A. O’Connor, et al. "‘I’ve always done what I was told by the medical people’: a qualitative study of the reasons why older adults attend multifactorial falls risk assessments mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework." BMJ Open 10, no. 2 (February 2020): e033069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033069.
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ObjectivesMultifactorial falls risk assessments reduce the rate of falls in older people and are recommended by international guidelines. Despite their effectiveness, their potential impact is often constrained by barriers to implementation. Attendance is an issue. The aim of this study was to explore why older people attend community-based multifactorial falls risk assessment clinics, and to map these reasons to a theoretical framework.DesignThis is a qualitative study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed thematically. Each theme and subtheme were then mapped onto the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to identify the determinants of behaviour.ParticipantsOlder adults (aged 60 and over) who attended community-based multifactorial falls risk assessments.ResultsSixteen interviews were conducted. Three main themes explained participants’ reasons for attending the multifactorial risk assessment; being that ‘type of person’, being ‘linked in’ with health and community services and having ‘strong social support’. Six other themes were identified, but these themes were not as prominent during interviews. These were knowing what to expect, being physically able, having confidence in and being positive towards health services, imagining the benefits given previous positive experiences, determination to maintain or regain independence, and being ‘crippled’ by the fear of falling. These themes mapped on to nine TDF domains: ‘knowledge’, ‘skills’, ‘social role and identity’, ‘optimism’, ‘beliefs about consequences’, ‘goals’, ‘environmental context and resources’, ‘social influences’ and ‘emotion’. There were five TDF domains that were not relevant to the reasons for attending.ConclusionsThese findings provide theoretically based factors that influence attendance which can be used to inform the development of interventions to improve attendance to falls prevention programmes.
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Duffy, Sharron, and Ruth Paterson. "Exploring the benefits of structured medication reviews for frail older patients in advanced clinical practice." British Journal of Nursing 30, no. 15 (August 12, 2021): 894–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2021.30.15.894.
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Frailty in old age has become synonymous with medication use. As people age, the risk of disease burden increases. Older age is often linked with complex healthcare needs, with a rise in the number of comorbidities. This often results in the need to use multiple medications. Frailty is a global concern and requires early interventions to help people maintain their health as they age. Advanced clinical practitioners have an important role in supporting frail people living in the community. This article will review the literature and explore strategies that advanced practitioners can implement to optimise wellbeing and reduce medicines-related harm for this vulnerable population.
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Kozłowska, Anna. "Wizerunek kobiety dojrzałej w reklamie prasowej kosmetyków." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, no. 2 (November 29, 2011): 189–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2011.2.8.
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The paper shows the world of the elderly through the eyes of the creators' advertising messages. The author assumes that advertising leads to the formation, strengthen and reinforce the stereotypical thinking about social groups and roles. Advertising as mass communication at the moment is treated as an extension of the socialization process, aligning and strengthening the existing cultural patterns. The results of qualitative researches go beyond the current approach to the image of older people in advertising. Exploratory analysis were subjected to advertising messages, in which the woman's age has been an important promotional message. It is assumed that the age is a matter of particular importance from the point of view of shaping the identity of the conteporary woman. It's important that image of elderly people in advertising is associated not only with its perception by the individual, but also by others. Advertising has great interest and willingness to reflect on the natural process of human aging. This mass message displays, which is characteristic of a particular sex, as falls do in a given age, as one should look at the situation. Characteristics and behaviors ascribed to a particular sex or age, in@uence, either positive or negative response to a person, both by themselves and by the others. Certain image of the elderly has an impact on our level of optimism, mood and actions of people of all ages.
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Ahmed, Anam, Maria E. T. C. van den Muijsenbergh, Janne C. Mewes, Walter P. Wodchis, and Hubertus J. M. Vrijhoef. "Untangling the inter-relatedness within integrated care programmes for community-dwelling frail older people: a rapid realist review." BMJ Open 11, no. 4 (April 2021): e043280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043280.
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ObjectiveTo identify the relationships between the context in which integrated care programmes (ICPs) for community-dwelling frail older people are applied, the mechanisms by which the programmes do (not) work and the outcomes resulting from this interaction by establishing a programme theory.DesignRapid realist review.Inclusion criteriaReviews and meta-analyses (January 2013–January 2019) and non-peer-reviewed literature (January 2013–December 2019) reporting on integrated care for community-dwelling frail older people (≥60 years).AnalysisSelection and appraisal of documents was based on relevance and rigour according to the Realist And Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards criteria. Data on context, mechanisms, programme activities and outcomes were extracted. Factors were categorised into the five strategies of the WHO framework of integrated people-centred health services (IPCHS).Results27 papers were included. The following programme theory was developed: it is essential to establish multidisciplinary teams of competent healthcare providers (HCPs) providing person-centred care, closely working together and communicating effectively with other stakeholders. Older people and informal caregivers should be involved in the care process. Financial support, efficient use of information technology and organisational alignment are also essential. ICPs demonstrate positive effects on the functionality of older people, satisfaction of older people, informal caregivers and HCPs, and a delayed placement in a nursing home. Heterogeneous effects were found for hospital-related outcomes, quality of life, healthcare costs and use of healthcare services. The two most prevalent WHO-IPCHS strategies as part of ICPs are ‘creating an enabling environment’, followed by ‘strengthening governance and accountability’.ConclusionCurrently, most ICPs do not address all WHO-IPCHS strategies. In order to optimise ICPs for frail older people the interaction between context items, mechanisms, programme activities and the outcomes should be taken into account from different perspectives (system, organisation, service delivery, HCP and patient).
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Clarke, Clare L., and Miles D. Witham. "The Effects of Medication on Activity and Rehabilitation of Older People – Opportunities and Risks." Rehabilitation Process and Outcome 6 (January 1, 2017): 117957271771143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179572717711433.
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Multiple medication use, or polypharmacy, is common in people undergoing rehabilitation. Polypharmacy is also common in older people, where it has the potential to impact on habitual physical activity. Despite this, the interactions between medication, disease, activity, and rehabilitation outcomes are insufficiently researched. In this review, we consider common classes of medications that can affect physical activity levels and outcomes of rehabilitation. We consider medications that improve disease processes and improve limiting symptoms (eg, breathlessness in heart failure and lung disease, pain in arthritis), unwanted side effects of medications (eg, central slowing caused by opioids and hypnotics), and also medication classes that might have the ability to improve activity and rehabilitation outcomes via beneficial effects on neuromuscular function (eg, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors). We conclude by giving practical advice on how to review and optimise medication use to support habitual physical activity and ensure the best results from rehabilitation.
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Smith, Toby O., Pippa Belderson, Jack R. Dainty, Linda Birt, Karen Durrant, Jacqueline R. Chipping, Jordan Tsigarides, et al. "Impact of COVID-19 pandemic social restriction measures on people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases in the UK: a mixed-methods study." BMJ Open 11, no. 6 (June 2021): e048772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-048772.
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ObjectivesTo determine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic social restriction measures on people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) and to explore how people adapted to these measures over time.DesignMixed-methods investigation comprising a national online longitudinal survey and embedded qualitative study.SettingUK online survey and interviews with community-dwelling individuals in the East of England.ParticipantsPeople in the UK with RMDs were invited to participate in an online survey. A subsection of respondents were invited to participate in the embedded qualitative study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe online survey, completed fortnightly over 10 weeks from April 2020 to August 2020, investigated changes in symptoms, social isolation and loneliness, resilience and optimism. Qualitative interviews were undertaken assessing participant’s perspectives on changes in symptoms, exercising, managing instrumental tasks such a shopping, medication and treatment regimens and how they experienced changes in their social networks.Results703 people with RMDs completed the online survey. These people frequently reported a deterioration in symptoms as a result of COVID-19 pandemic social restrictions (52% reported increase vs 6% reported a decrease). This was significantly worse for those aged 18–60 years compared with older participants (p=0.017). The qualitative findings from 26 individuals with RMDs suggest that the greatest change in daily life was experienced by those in employment. Although some retired people reported reduced opportunity for exercise outside their homes, they did not face the many competing demands experienced by employed people and people with children at home.ConclusionsPeople with RMDs reported a deterioration in symptoms when COVID-19 pandemic social restriction measures were enforced. This was worse for working-aged people. Consideration of this at-risk group, specifically for the promotion of physical activity, changing home-working practices and awareness of healthcare provision is important, as social restrictions continue in the UK.
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Raco, Marina, Teresa Burdett, and Vanessa Heaslip. "Exploring an integrated palliative care model for older people: an integrative review." Journal of Integrated Care 27, no. 2 (April 15, 2019): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jica-10-2018-0065.
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Purpose Due to an international ageing population, global health organisations have recognised the challenges arising from fragmented interaction between health and social sectors in the end of life care. The purpose of this paper is to explore the existing literature on integrative palliative care services for older people. Design/methodology/approach An integrative review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses. Papers included in the review focused upon integrated care within palliative care systems (January 2007–2017). A certain number of papers were excluded when the review focused on individuals younger than 65, not written in English and not being focused on integrated palliative care. Findings Nine studies fitted the inclusion criteria and three themes were identified: person-centred care, co-ordination of care, and education and training. The review identifies that integrated palliative care requires co-ordinated techniques that focus upon the quality of life, individual needs and awareness of vulnerability rather than fixation on inevitable mortality. Research limitations/implications The emerging presence of the need for integrated palliative care requires further research in order to develop coherent models of integrated palliative care which can be incorporated into practice. Originality/value This review identified themes relevant to the emerging issues in the global health sector of end of life care. The literature suggests that the optimised use of an integrated care approach to a palliative model of care is required and in need of further investigation.
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Murphy, Melanie, Kathleen Bennett, Carmel M. Hughes, Amanda Lavan, and Cathal A. Cadogan. "Interventions to optimise medication prescribing and adherence in older people with cancer: A systematic scoping review." Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 16, no. 12 (December 2020): 1627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.02.021.
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Dearnaley, Patricia, and Joanne E. Smith. "Challenging times: building a health, housing and social care local workforce strategy." Housing, Care and Support 21, no. 3/4 (December 17, 2018): 108–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hcs-07-2018-0010.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to stimulate a wider debate around the coordination of workforce planning in non-statutory services (in this case, specialist housing for older people or those with long-term health and social care needs, such as learning disabilities). The authors argue that current NHS reforms do not go far enough in that they fail to include specialist housing and its workforce in integration, and by doing so, will be unable to optimise the potential efficiencies and streamlining of service delivery to this group. Design/methodology/approach The paper used exploratory study using existing research and data, enhanced by documentary analysis from industry bodies, regulators and policy think tanks. Findings That to achieve the greatest operational and fiscal impact upon the health care services, priority must be given to improving the efficiency and coordination of services to older people and those requiring nursing homes or registered care across the public and third sectors through the integration of service delivery and workforce planning. Research limitations/implications Whilst generalisable and achievable, the model proposed within the paper cannot be fully tested theoretically and requires further testing the in real health and social care market to evidence its practicality, improved quality of care and financial benefits. Originality/value The paper highlights some potential limitations to the current NHS reforms: by integrating non-statutory services, planned efficiency savings may be optimised and service delivery improved.
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Mazonson, Peter, Theoren Loo, Jeff Berko, Oluwatoyin Adeyemi, Alan Oglesby, Frank Spinelli, and Andrew Zolopa. "943. Older Gay Black Men Living with HIV Report Higher Quality of Life than Older Gay White Men, Despite Facing Additional Burdens." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1129.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Improving quality of life (QoL) is an important goal of care for people living with HIV (PLWH). This analysis uses data from the Aging with Dignity, Health, Optimism and Community (ADHOC) online registry to identify the different challenges faced by older white/Caucasian (“white”) and black/African American (“black”) gay or bisexual men living with HIV, and to assess differences in total QoL between the two groups. Methods QoL was measured using the PozQoL, a validated instrument for PLWH. The PozQoL assesses QoL across four domains: health concerns, psychological, social, and functional wellbeing. Total QoL was determined by combining domain scores for a total score. Student’s t-tests and chi-squared tests were used to identify disparities between black and white men. Factors with p< 0.05 were used as control variables in a multivariable linear regression model where PozQoL total score was the dependent variable. Results In the ADHOC database, 91% (n=612) of respondents were white men (WM) and 9% (n=59) were black men (BM). Both BM and WM had a median age of 59 years, and had a similar number of comorbidities (7.9 vs 9.2 respectively, p=0.12). Compared to WM, BM were more likely to be single (74% vs 51%, p< 0.001), less likely to have an income greater than $50,000 (25% vs 56%, p< 0.001), less likely to have a college degree or more (42% vs 69%, p=0.034), and less likely to be virally suppressed (87% vs 96%, p=0.001). Even after controlling for these differences in the multivariable model, BM had significantly higher total QoL than WM (Table 1). Conclusion In this analysis, there were substantial differences between older BM and WM living with HIV. After controlling for sociodemographic and clinical challenges, BM still reported higher QoL than WM. Programs designed to improve QoL for older gay and bisexual BM and WM living with HIV should take into consideration the unique strengths and challenges faced by each group. Disclosures Peter Mazonson, MD, MBA, ViiV Healthcare (Grant/Research Support) Theoren Loo, MS, BS, ViiV Healthcare (Grant/Research Support) Jeff Berko, MPH, BS, ViiV Healthcare (Grant/Research Support) Oluwatoyin Adeyemi, MD, ViiV Healthcare (Grant/Research Support) Alan Oglesby, MPH, ViiV Healthcare (Employee) Frank Spinelli, MD, ViiV Healthcare (Employee) Andrew Zolopa, MD, ViiV Healthcare (Employee)