Relevant bibliographies by topics / Optimistic and pessimistic problems

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Academic literature on the topic 'Optimistic and pessimistic problems'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 15 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Optimistic and pessimistic problems"

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Yan, Minlun. "Multigranulations Rough Set Method of Attribute Reduction in Information Systems Based on Evidence Theory." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/857186.

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Attribute reduction is one of the most important problems in rough set theory. However, from the granular computing point of view, the classical rough set theory is based on a single granulation. It is necessary to study the issue of attribute reduction based on multigranulations rough set. To acquire brief decision rules from information systems, this paper firstly investigates attribute reductions by combining the multigranulations rough set together with evidence theory. Concepts of belief and plausibility consistent set are proposed, and some important properties are addressed by the view of the optimistic and pessimistic multigranulations rough set. What is more, the multigranulations method of the belief and plausibility reductions is constructed in the paper. It is proved that a set is an optimistic (pessimistic) belief reduction if and only if it is an optimistic (pessimistic) lower approximation reduction, and a set is an optimistic (pessimistic) plausibility reduction if and only if it is an optimistic (pessimistic) upper approximation reduction.
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Mamedov, K., and N. Mamedli. "CONSTRUCTION OF LAGRANGE FUNCTION FORM IN AN INTERVAL PARTIAL (MIXED)- BOOLEAN PROGRAMMING PROBLEM." EurasianUnionScientists 6, no. 9(78) (2020): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.6.78.1022.

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In this paper the problem of partial (mixed) Boolean programming with interval initial data is considered. A majorizing function is constructed with respect to the objective function of the optimistic and pessimistic problems, respectively. Some properties of this function are proved. In particular, it is shown that the minimum values of the constructed function are not less than the optimistic and pessimistic values of the objective function, respectively
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Sharma, Anuraganand. "Optimistic Variants of Single-Objective Bilevel Optimization for Evolutionary Algorithms." International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications 19, no. 03 (2020): 2050020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1469026820500200.

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Single-objective bilevel optimization is a specialized form of constraint optimization problems where one of the constraints is an optimization problem itself. These problems are typically non-convex and strongly NP-Hard. Recently, there has been an increased interest from the evolutionary computation community to model bilevel problems due to its applicability in real-world applications for decision-making problems. In this work, a partial nested evolutionary approach with a local heuristic search has been proposed to solve the benchmark problems and have outstanding results. This approach relies on the concept of intermarriage-crossover in search of feasible regions by exploiting information from the constraints. A new variant has also been proposed to the commonly used convergence approaches, i.e., optimistic and pessimistic. It is called an extreme optimistic approach. The experimental results demonstrate the algorithm converges differently to known optimum solutions with the optimistic variants. Optimistic approach also outperforms pessimistic approach. Comparative statistical analysis of our approach with other recently published partial to complete evolutionary approaches demonstrates very competitive results.
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VESA, Lidia. "THE FUZZY OPTIMISTIC-REASONABLE-PESSIMISTIC INVENTORY MODEL." Annals of the University of Oradea. Economic Sciences 31, no. 31(1) (2022): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes31(1)025.

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In inventory and production decision problems, decision makers are interested to identify the optimal inventory and production level. In a certain decision environment, the optimal inventory level could be determined through traditional inventory methods and the optimal ptoduction level could be determined through linear programming algorithms. In an uncertain decision environment, the traditional methods and algorithms can not provide efficient and relevant solutions for these levels, due to the vague and changing parameters. In this case it is neccesary to develop new methods and models that can deal with vague variables and provide optimal levels. In this paper, the optimal inventory and production levels are determined through a single model that uses fuzzy linear programming. This new model is Fuzzy Optimistic-Reasonable-Pessimistic Inventory Model. It has three scenario: optimistic, reasonable and pessimistic, that are defined through triangular fuzzy numbers. In this way, decision makers can deal with vague parameters. These scenarios help managers to divide the Fuzzy ORP Model into three sub-models, that can be easily solved through traditional Simplex Algorithms. Each sub-model provides a crisp solution for each scenario. The solutions forms the final fuzzy optimal solution. The Fuzzy PRO Inventory Model helps managers to identify three optimal levels and to rank them according to their evaluations. This is useful, also, in predictions, where the decision makers should predict different scenarios for the production process. The limit of this model is the definition of the variables and scenarios. This model consider that all values for all variables and coefficients have the same definition: the inferior limit is related to the optimistic sceanrio, the peak is represents the reasonable limit and the superior limit is related to the pessimistic scenario. In real problem, the decision variables could have different definition than coefficients. The inferior limit of the cost is related to the optimistic scenario, but the superior limit of the production level can be related to the optimistic scenario. There are different representations for the scenarios.
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Zhai, Yuanzhao, Yiying Li, Zijian Gao, et al. "Optimistic Model Rollouts for Pessimistic Offline Policy Optimization." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, no. 15 (2024): 16678–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i15.29607.

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Model-based offline reinforcement learning (RL) has made remarkable progress, offering a promising avenue for improving generalization with synthetic model rollouts. Existing works primarily focus on incorporating pessimism for policy optimization, usually via constructing a Pessimistic Markov Decision Process (P-MDP). However, the P-MDP discourages the policies from learning in out-of-distribution (OOD) regions beyond the support of offline datasets, which can under-utilize the generalization ability of dynamics models. In contrast, we propose constructing an Optimistic MDP (O-MDP). We initially observed the potential benefits of optimism brought by encouraging more OOD rollouts. Motivated by this observation, we present ORPO, a simple yet effective model-based offline RL framework. ORPO generates Optimistic model Rollouts for Pessimistic offline policy Optimization. Specifically, we train an optimistic rollout policy in the O-MDP to sample more OOD model rollouts. Then we relabel the sampled state-action pairs with penalized rewards, and optimize the output policy in the P-MDP. Theoretically, we demonstrate that the performance of policies trained with ORPO can be lower-bounded in linear MDPs. Experimental results show that our framework significantly outperforms P-MDP baselines by a margin of 30%, achieving state-of-the-art performance on the widely-used benchmark. Moreover, ORPO exhibits notable advantages in problems that require generalization.
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Rozmetov, Rozmat. "IS HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS SUPERIOR TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE?" Oriental Journal of Social Sciences 05, no. 01 (2025): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.37547/supsci-ojss-05-01-01.

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In this article, studies and researches on the question of mind, advances in the philosophy of mind, conceptual and logical analyzes in the study of modern philosophy of mind, new metaphors as models of mind, including computer, quantum and synergistic studies, the integration of philosophy and science, problems of the optimist’s philosophy of mind processes such as the formation of optimistic and pessimistic views on processing artificial intelligence begins to fulfill the characteristic of the brain and mind.
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Khalifa, Hamiden Abd El-Wahed, Majed G. Alharbi, and Pavan Kumar. "On Determining the Critical Path of Activity Network with Normalized Heptagonal Fuzzy Data." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (July 3, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6699403.

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In this research work, an approach to determine the critical path of activity network with normalized heptagonal fuzzy data is proposed. In the proposed model, we attempt to develop a method for solving litigation problems by experts when they share the same information but differ in their opinions. The concepts for a critical path method (CPM) optimization with two kinds of data are as follows: those are to be optimistic and those considered being pessimistic. A numerical example is given for the illustration of the proposed approach and gain more insights. Based on the findings of the proposed work, we observe that the floating times with optimistic data are always smaller than or equal to the corresponding floating times for the pessimistic data.
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SPERANSKY, PETER A. "THE GREAT REFORMS IN MODERN RUSSIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY: PESSIMISTIC AND OPTIMISTIC MODELS." History and Modern Perspectives 6, no. 2 (2024): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2658-4654-2024-6-2-148-153.

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The paper provides a historiographical analysis of the views of modern Russian authors on the problems of the Great Reforms. The paper notes that modern historiography has accumulated a large number of research works devoted to the analysis of the prerequisites, content, course and results of the transformations of the 1860s - 1870s. The paper concludes that Russian historiography has a wide range of assessments of the reforms of this period, both positive and negative content. The discussion of «pessimists» and «optimists» contributed to the increment of historical knowledge, during which new historical approaches were worked out and some historiographical gaps were filled.
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Siek, Konrad, and Paweł T. Wojciechowski. "Proving Opacity of Transactional Memory with Early Release." Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences 40, no. 4 (2015): 317–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fcds-2015-0018.

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Abstract Transactional Memory (TM) is an alternative way of synchronizing concurrent accesses to shared memory by adopting the abstraction of transactions in place of low-level mechanisms like locks and barriers. TMs usually apply optimistic concurrency control to provide a universal and easy-to-use method of maintaining correctness. However, this approach performs a high number of aborts in high contention workloads, which can adversely affect performance. Optimistic TMs can cause problems when transactions contain irrevocable operations. Hence, pessimistic TMs were proposed to solve some of these problems. However, an important way of achieving efficiency in pessimistic TMs is to use early release. On the other hand, early release is seemingly at odds with opacity, the gold standard of TM safety properties, which does not allow transactions to make their state visible until they commit. In this paper we propose a proof technique that makes it possible to demonstrate that a TM with early release can be opaque as long as it prevents inconsistent views.
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Kusper, Gábor, Csaba Biró, and Benedek Nagy. "Resolvable Networks—A Graphical Tool for Representing and Solving SAT." Mathematics 9, no. 20 (2021): 2597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9202597.

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In this paper, we introduce the notion of resolvable networks. A resolvable network is a digraph of subnetworks, where subnetworks may overlap, and the inner structure of subnetworks are not interesting from the viewpoint of the network. There are two special subnetworks, Source and Sink, with the following properties: there is no incoming edge to Source, and there is no outgoing edge from Sink. Any resolvable network can be represented by a satisfiability problem in Boolean logic (shortly, SAT problem), and any SAT problem can be represented by a resolvable network. Because of that, the resolution operation is valid also for resolvable networks. We can use resolution to find out or refine the inner structure of subnetworks. We give also a pessimistic and an optimistic interpretation of subnetworks. In the pessimistic case, we assume that inside a subnetwork, all communication possibilities are represented as part of the resolvable network. In the optimistic case, we assume that each subnetwork is strongly connected. We show that any SAT problem can be visualized using the pessimistic interpretation. We show that transitivity is very limited in the pessimistic interpretation, and in this case, transitivity corresponds to resolution of clauses. In the optimistic interpretation of subnetworks, we have transitivity without any further condition, but not all SAT problems can be represented in this case; however, any such network can be represented as a SAT problem. The newly introduced graphical concept allows to use terminology and tools from directed graphs in the field of SAT and also to give graphical representations of various concepts of satisfiability problems. A resolvable network is also a suitable data structure to study, for example, wireless sensor networks. The visualization power of resolvable networks is demonstrated on some pigeon hole SAT problems. Another important application field could be modeling the communication network of an information bank. Here, a subnetwork represents a dataset of a user which is secured by a proxy. Any communication should be done through the proxy, and this constraint can be checked using our model.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Optimistic and pessimistic problems"

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Kholondyrev, Yury. "Optimistic and pessimistic shortest paths on uncertain terrains." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32577.

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In the Uncertain Terrain Shortest Path problem we consider a triangulated terrain with vertices having uncertain Z-coordinates: each vertex is denned as a (x,y,z―,z+) tuple, where the z coordinate of a vertex is uncertain and can be anywhere in the range from z― to z+. We are looking for a path (defined by its projection to the XY- plane) such that, over all possible terrains, the path is as short as possible. We look at both pessimistic (terrain arranges itself to maximize the length of the path that we choose) and optimistic (terrain takes the state that minimizes the length of our path) scenarios. We restrict ourselves to walk only along the edges of the terrain. The unrestricted problem (when we are allowed to walk on the faces of the terrain) has been proven to be NP-hard in both pessimistic and optimistic scenarios. We prove that the edge-restricted pessimistic problem is NP-hard by providing a reduction from the SUBSET-SUM problem and give a polynomial time algorithm for the edge-restricted optimistic problem.<br>Science, Faculty of<br>Computer Science, Department of<br>Graduate
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Roitch, Vladimir. "Optimistic and pessimistic ambiguous chance constraints with applications." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/55238.

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In this thesis, we consider optimisation problems which involve ambiguous chance constraints, i.e., probabilistic constraints where the probability distribution of the primitive uncertainties is at least partly unknown. In this case, we can define an ambiguity set that contains all distributions consistent with our prior knowledge of the uncertainty and take either a pessimistic (worst-case) or optimistic (best-case) view of the world. The former view can be used to actively optimise a system whilst guaranteeing some predefined level of safety; being robust even if the worst-case scenario materialises. The latter view can be used to actively optimise a system where it is required to reconstruct realisations of a random variable whose distribution is not known precisely. We characterise the ambiguity set through generalised moment bounds and structural properties such as symmetry, unimodality, or independence patterns. Sufficient conditions are presented under which the corresponding chance constraints admit equivalent explicit tractable conic reformulations that can be solved with off-the-shelf solvers. However, in general, ambiguous chance constrained problems are provably difficult and we suggest efficiently computable conservative approximations. To illustrate the effectiveness of our reformulations, we give two detailed and novel examples. First, we consider the pricing problem of a provider of cloud computing services. This provider faces uncertain demand and wishes to maximise profit, whilst maintaining a desired level of quality of service. We show that such a problem naturally fits within the pessimistic ambiguous chance constraint framework. Second, we consider the problem of improving the quality of a photographic image by reconstructing and then removing noise. We show that such a problem can be formulated as an optimistic ambiguous chance constrained program that generalises, and offers new insight to, an existing powerful image denoising approach.
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Hawkins, Mary T., and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Exploring optimistic and pessimistic attributions in depression-specific mood." Deakin University. School of Psychology, 2004. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050815.093235.

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Cognitive theories of depression include maladaptive thinking styles as depressive vulnerabilities. The hopelessness theory of depression (Abramson, Metalsky, & Alloy, 1989) particularly implicates stable and global attributions for negative events as influences upon depression. Positive event attributions are considered less influential, yet they have shown equal predictiveness to negative event attributions for depression-specific mood. Previous research has provided equivocal results largely because of cross-sectional design and modest psychometric properties of the measures. The present research aimed to: create a new instrument to measure optimistic and pessimistic attributions; test the relatedness of attributions for positive and negative events; and, clarify relationships of the scales with optimism and mood. Three studies were undertaken, all of which used structural equation modeling. Two cross-sectional studies, using 342 and 332 community participants respectively, developed and validated the Questionnaire of Explanatory Style (QES). A final longitudinal study with 250 community participants tested the predictive validity of the QES. Overall, six scales were developed, three of which were optimistic and three of which were negative. The scales were acceptable to community samples and had adequate psychometric properties. The optimistic scales were attributions for positive events and the negative scales were attributions for negative events rather than pessimistic scales. Cross-sectional results indicated that only one of the negative scales weakly directly predicted depression-specific mood, but all predicted general psychological distress. By contrast, the optimistic scales were more directly predictive of depression-specific mood, particularly the Positive Disposition scale. Longitudinal results indicated that two of the optimistic scales were the most important QES predictors of depression-specific mood two months later. The optimistic scale Positive Disposition appears most central to the prediction of both concurrent and subsequent depression-specific mood. The scale content represents explanations for positive events that are internal and stable characteristics. These may be construed as personal competencies to bring about positive outcomes. This scale is closely allied to measures of optimism. Findings affirm the importance of optimistic attributions to the understanding of depression-specific mood and provide a productive focus for therapeutic intervention and future research.
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Mostoufi, Sheeva. "Is pessimism adaptive? Moderators of the relationship between optimistic / pessimistic bias and depressive symptoms /." Connect to resource, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/28371.

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Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2007.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages: contains 49 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-43). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
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McGregor, Leanne. "Expecting to Be Rejected or Accepted: Children’s Optimistic and Pessimistic Relationship Expectations, Divorce, Interparental Conflict and Parenting." Thesis, Griffith University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365308.

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Based on recent estimates within Australia, approximately 32% of marriages end in divorce, and almost 50% of these families include children. Divorce can be distressing for children, as revealed by investigations comparing children from intact and divorced families on conduct, psychological adjustment, self-concept, and social adjustment (Amato, 2000). These early comparisons, however, were usually accomplished without consideration of other aspects of the family system (i.e., family processes). More recently, researchers have investigated family structure and family processes as correlates of children’s adjustment. One important aspect of children’s adjustment is the development of their expectations of social relationships with others. Founded in attachment theory and social cognitive theories of the need to belong and concerns about rejection, family problems and divorce have been proposed as correlates of children’s ways of thinking about their current and future relationships (children’s relationship expectations), but this has received little research attention. In the final of the three studies reported here, family structure and processes were expected to be correlates of children’s relationship expectations. Prior to testing these hypotheses, however, available measures of children’s relationship expectations were identified. This revealed that there was no existing measure that assessed optimistic and pessimistic relationship expectations, which could be quickly completed by both children and early adolescents. Hence, a new measure was developed in the first two studies by drawing on the literature on relationship models and cognitions (e.g., rejection and interpersonal sensitivity, and working models of self and others in relationships), and the optimism/pessimism literature. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses results reported in Study 1 (N = 226; ages 9 to 12 years) and Study 2 (N = 200; ages 9 to 12 years) resulted in a 16-item measure of children’s optimistic and pessimistic relationship expectations with reference to peers and “other people.” This measure was found to consist of two subscales, labelled optimistic relationship expectations and pessimistic relationship expectations. All 16 items contained statements about peers and others in general. The two subscales were shown to be moderately correlated, and to be reliable and valid. In Study 3, 837 children (aged 9 to 13 years) completed the new measure of relationship expectations about peers and others. In addition, items that assessed children’s expectations about family relationships were included and found to produce a single scale representing optimistic family relationship expectations. These measures of children’s relationship expectations were expected to be correlates of divorce, interparental conflict and parenting. Children completed measures of relationships expectations, experience of interparental conflict, and their mothers’ and fathers’ parenting in the form of warmth, autonomy support, structure, rejection, coercion and chaos. Parents reported about family structure and divorce history. Results of Study 3 revealed that children who had experienced family dissolution reported less optimistic family relationship expectations than children from intact families and this was more pronounced the longer the period since the divorce. Regarding children’s relationship expectations of peers and others, regression models showed divorce was not associated with either optimistic or pessimistic expectations. Yet, interparental conflict was associated with children’s relationship expectations of both family and peers/others, but was no longer a significant unique correlate after parenting was added to the models. Parenting, particularly children’s report of mothers’ warmth and autonomy support, was associated with children’s expectations of relationships with family, peers and others in general. Yet, fathers’ parenting did seem to play some role, as well; children who reported more autonomy support from their fathers also had more optimistic expectations of peers/others and children who reported more coercion and rejection by their fathers had less optimistic family relationship expectations. Moreover, children who reported more rejection by their mothers also reported more pessimistic relationship expectations with peers/others. Finally, it was expected that parenting might moderate associations between divorce and children’s relationship expectations. This was the case for positive parenting by mothers when the outcomes were family relationship expectations and optimistic expectations of peers/others. It was also the case for positive parenting by fathers and negative parenting by mothers when the outcome was family relationship expectations. Children reported the highest optimistic relationship expectations when they lived in intact families and reported positive parenting by mothers; the highest optimistic family relationship expectations when they lived in intact families and reported positive parenting by fathers; and the lowest family relationship expectations when they had experienced family dissolution and reported that their mothers were low in positive parenting qualities or high in negative parenting qualities. In summary, divorce has a significant association with family relationship expectations but not with peer/other relationship expectations, and parenting is the most direct correlate of relationship expectations regardless of whether these expectations are of family or peers/others. Children are more optimistic about their future family relationships when they report more positive parenting (warmth, autonomy support, structure) from mothers and lower negative parenting (coercion, rejection) by fathers. Additionally, positive parenting by both mothers and fathers and an absence of negative parenting by mothers seems to buffer children from the negative effect of divorce on their optimistic expectations of family. These findings are important for understanding how children view relationships and could be used to give assistance to families going through the divorce process. Implications for theory, research and intervention, as well as future directions, are discussed.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>School of Psychology<br>Griffith Health<br>Full Text
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Le, Roux Anli. "Screening African Conflicts : the different faces of Africa's child soldiers - Afro-pessimistic / Afro-optimistic portrayals on screen." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11715.

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Includes abstract.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>When discussing and addressing child soldiering in Africa, both in print or in film, there are a number of key factors that need to be considered. For example, taking into account the root causes for both recruitment and voluntary enlistment - which include the changed nature of weapons and warfare, the breakdown of law and order, and intolerable levels of poverty, unemployment and also the social pressures on children to engage in armed conflicts. By bearing these factors in mind when delving into this complex subject matter, helped in ascertaining the ways in which certain modalities of thinking about Africa, as well as her child soldiers, influence Western perspectives, convictions and beliefs via a variety of media. However, for this particular dissertation, the focus is turned entirely to the Afro-pessimistic / Afro-optimistic cinematic representations of African child soldiers in three case study films: Ezra (2007), The Silent Army (2008) and War Witch (2012). These films were closely analysed at the hand of certain research question which ultimately allowed for both researcher and reader to keep an open mind when being confronted with the different faces of Africa’s children on screen.
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Silent, Night Dr D. Jim Reeves [Verfasser], and C. [Verfasser] Esakkiappan. "Optimistic and Pessimistic Adolescence : A comparison of Physical Fitness and Physiological variables / Dr. D. Jim Reeves Silent Night, C. Esakkiappan." Hamburg : Anchor Academic Publishing, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1110039387/34.

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Arunachalam, Aravinthan. "Essays on the Impact of Stakeholders' Sentiment on the Financial Decision Making Process." FIU Digital Commons, 2008. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/59.

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The most important factor that affects the decision making process in finance is the risk which is usually measured by variance (total risk) or systematic risk (beta). Since investors' sentiment (whether she is an optimist or pessimist) plays a very important role in the choice of beta measure, any decision made for the same asset within the same time horizon will be different for different individuals. In other words, there will neither be homogeneity of beliefs nor the rational expectation prevalent in the market due to behavioral traits. This dissertation consists of three essays. In the first essay, Investor Sentiment and Intrinsic Stock Prices, a new technical trading strategy is developed using a firm specific individual sentiment measure. This behavioral based trading strategy forecasts a range within which a stock price moves in a particular period and can be used for stock trading. Results show that sample firms trade within a range and show signals as to when to buy or sell. The second essay, Managerial Sentiment and the Value of the Firm, examines the effect of managerial sentiment on the project selection process using net present value criterion and also effect of managerial sentiment on the value of firm. Findings show that high sentiment and low sentiment managers obtain different values for the same firm before and after the acceptance of a project. The last essay, Investor Sentiment and Optimal Portfolio Selection, analyzes how the investor sentiment affects the nature and composition of the optimal portfolio as well as the performance measures. Results suggest that the choice of the investor sentiment completely changes the portfolio composition, i.e., the high sentiment investor will have a completely different choice of assets in the portfolio in comparison with the low sentiment investor. The results indicate the practical application of behavioral model based technical indicators for stock trading. Additional insights developed include the valuation of firms with a behavioral component and the importance of distinguishing portfolio performance based on sentiment factors.
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Švolba, Martin. "Finanční projekt převzatého podniku." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85297.

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The goal of this thesis is to create a financial project of Take-over Company and specify the steps that lead to its profitability. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first, theoretical section describes the calculations used, marketing plan and market analysis. The second part is practical and there is specifically described a plan how to deal with building a restaurant with bowling and beach sports pitch in the town Rakovník and what is the expected development during the first five years. Key to the success of company is the marketing plan and the use of employee benefits in the cooperating companies. The thesis should provide the appropriate basis for investor and subsequent realization of the project.
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Palazon, Tiphaine. "Cognitive bias and welfare of egg-laying chicks: Impacts of commercial hatchery procedures on cognition." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Biologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-170777.

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Egg-laying hens coming from commercial hatchery go through hatchery procedures considered as stressful and engaging prolonged stress response in adult chickens. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of commercial hatching procedure on the affective state of chicks, on their short- and long-term memory and on their need for social reinstatement. To assess the affective state of the chicks we used a cognitive bias protocol integrating the ecological response of a chick to the picture of another chick, to an owl and to an ambiguous cue mixing features of both the chickand the owl pictures. Short-term memory was evaluated by using a delayed matching-to-sample experiment (with 10, 30,60 and 120 s delays), with conspecifics as sample stimuli. We assessed long-term memory with an arena containing multiple doors leading to conspecifics, in which a chick had to remember which door was open after a delay of one hour or three hours. Finally, we observed the need for social reinstatement through a sociality test arena allowing a chick to be more or less close to conspecifics. We found that chicks coming from commercial hatchery were in a depressive affective state compare to control group. Those chicks also showed higher need for social reinstatement and loss weight. No differences were found regarding short- and long-time working memory between the two groups, but the methods used during these experiments will be discussed. Studying how commercial procedures impact the cognition and more specifically the emotions and state of mind of chickens, is a necessary step forward into the understanding of farm animals’ welfare.
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Books on the topic "Optimistic and pessimistic problems"

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Davis, Angela Kay. Beyond the numbers: An analysis of optimistic and pessimistic language in earnings press releases. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2006.

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Hasselaar, Jan Jorrit. Climate Change, Radical Uncertainty and Hope. Amsterdam University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789048558476.

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Views on climate change are often either pessimistic or optimistic. In this book Jan Jorrit Hasselaar discovers and explores a third way, one of hope. A debate within economics on risk and uncertainty brings him to theological questions and the concept of hope in the work of the late Jonathan Sacks—and to a renewed way of doing theology as an account of the good life. What follows is an equal conversation between theology and economics as has hardly been undertaken in recent times. It emerges that hope is not contrary to economic insights, but remarkably compatible with them. Communication between these fields of expertise can open the way for a courageous and creative embrace of radical uncertainty in climate change. A key notion here is that of a public Sabbath, or a ‘workplace of hope’—times and places set aside to cultivate inspiration and mutual trust among all parties involved, enabling them to take concrete steps forward.
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Wilkinson, Angela, and Betty Sue Flowers, eds. Realistic Hope. Amsterdam University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462987241.

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We are running out of water, robots will take our jobs, we are eating ourselves to an early death, old age pension and health systems are bankrupting governments, and an immigration crisis is unravelling the European integration project. A growing number of nightmares, perfect storms, and global catastrophes create fear of the future. One response is technocratic optimism — we’ll invent our way out of these impending crises. Or we’ll simply ignore them as politically too hot to handle, too uncomfortable for experts — denied until crisis hits. History is littered with late lessons from early warnings. Cynicism is an excuse for inaction. Populism flourishes in the depths of despair. Despite the gloom, there is another way to look at the future. We don’t have to be pessimistic or optimistic — we can find realistic hope. This book is written by an international and influential collection of future shapers. It is aimed at anyone who is interested in learning to refresh the present, forge new common ground, and redesign the future.
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Curtis, Luke T. Elder nutrition: How adults in their seventies, eighties, and nin[e]ties can obtain and maintain good health and stay active by proper nutrition, exercise, social support, and a positive mental attitude : a practical and optimistic guide based on Dr. Curtis's experience in treating hundreds of elder patients with nutritional problems and based on hundreds of recent published studies on nutritional research. Xlibris Corp., 2010.

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Richardson, Seth. Messaging and the Gods in Mesopotamia. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195386844.003.0010.

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This chapter addresses worshippers’ messages to Mesopotamian gods and explores the duality of this kind of communication. Richardson classifies “genres” of communication according to the roles assigned to worshippers and gods and according to the places of these genres in an elaborate communications infrastructure of formulae, personnel, and locales. Richardson also discusses the problem of failure of communication, and describes the protocols with which to account for failures. He identifies a characteristic Mesopotamian style for religious communications: it is at once elaborate and pessimistic, and so it contrasts with Mesopotamian commercial letters, which are straightforward, if not optimistic.
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Davis, Justin Christopher. A Pessimistic View of an Optimistic Love Story. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2016.

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Harlov, Alicia, Allyssa Stratton, and Alexandra Warden. Navigating Navicular Disease: An Optimistic Guide for a Pessimistic Diagnosis. Humble Hoof, The, 2024.

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Analysis of Optimistic and Pessimistic Language in Earnings Press Releases. GRIN Verlag GmbH, 2013.

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Amit, Raut. Academic Aspiration Confidence and Optimistic Pessimistic Attitudes among Vocational and Non-Professional Students. Phoebus Publishing Company, 2022.

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Alvey, James E. Adam Smith: Optimist or Pessimist? : A New Problem Concerning the Teleological Basis of Commercial Society. Ashgate Publishing, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Optimistic and pessimistic problems"

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Radick, Gregory. "Theory-Ladenness as a Problem for Plant Data Linkage." In Towards Responsible Plant Data Linkage: Data Challenges for Agricultural Research and Development. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13276-6_2.

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AbstractThis paper draws upon the history of scientific studies of inheritance in Mendel’s best-remembered model organism, the garden pea, as a source of two parables – one pessimistic, the other optimistic – on the challenges of data linkage in plants. The moral of the pessimistic parable, from the era of the biometrician-Mendelian controversy, is that the problem of theory-ladenness in data sets can be a major stumbling block to making new uses of old data. The moral of the optimistic parable, from the long-run history of studies at the John Innes Centre of aberrant or “rogue” pea varieties, is that an excellent guarantor of the continued value of old data sets is the availability of the relevant physical materials – in the first instance, the plant seeds.
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Ben Amor, Nahla, Fatma Essghaier, and Hélène Fargier. "Solving Multi-criteria Decision Problems under Possibilistic Uncertainty Using Optimistic and Pessimistic Utilities." In Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08852-5_28.

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Bazydło, Marcin, Szymon Francuzik, Cezary Sobaniec, and Dariusz Wawrzyniak. "Combining Optimistic and Pessimistic Replication." In Parallel Processing and Applied Mathematics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31464-3_3.

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Corte, Erik De. "A Globalizing, Optimistic-Pessimistic Educational Researcher." In Leaders in Educational Research. SensePublishers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-764-3_3.

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Shibayama, Etsuya, and Akinori Yonezawa. "Optimistic and pessimistic synchronization in distributed computing." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0024159.

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Pacholczyk, Daniel, Mohamed Quafafou, and Laurent Garcia. "Optimistic vs. Pessimistic Interpretation of Linguistic Negation." In Artificial Intelligence: Methodology, Systems, and Applications. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46148-5_14.

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Liu, Caihui, Jin Qian, Nan Zhang, and Meizhi Wang. "Covering-Based Optimistic-Pessimistic Multigranulation Decision-Theoretic Rough Sets." In Rough Sets. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99368-3_11.

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Wekesa, Bob. "African Perceptions of the BRICS: Optimistic, Pessimistic or Pragmatic?" In The BRICS Order. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62765-2_9.

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Hüllermeier, Eyke, Sébastien Destercke, and Ines Couso. "Learning from Imprecise Data: Adjustments of Optimistic and Pessimistic Variants." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35514-2_20.

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Maseko, Maxwell. "Digitalisation and Democracy: Optimistic and Pessimistic Views from South Africa." In Studies in National Governance and Emerging Technologies. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-75079-3_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Optimistic and pessimistic problems"

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Camacho-Vallejo, José-Fernando, and Carlos Corpus. "A Nested Evolutionary Algorithm for Solving a Bilevel Competitive Location Problem: Optimistic vs. Pessimistic Approaches." In 2024 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec60901.2024.10611763.

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Čakanišin, Adrián, and Mária Halenárová. "Monte Carlo as a Method for Examining of Business Changes in Tourism in Slovakia." In 25th International Joint Conference Central and Eastern Europe in the Changing Business Environment. Vydavateľstvo EKONÓM, 2025. https://doi.org/10.53465/ceecbe.2025.9788022552257.50-63.

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The business environment in tourism encompasses a set of factors influencing the establishment, development, and sustainability of businesses in this sector, including economic, legislative, and market conditions. The dynamics of this environment are crucial for the economic stability of the sector. The main objective of this paper is to model the development of business establishments and closures in the tourism sector based on historical data and the influence of selected factors. The data used for this study were obtained from the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic upon request. To achieve this objective, correlation and regression analysis were employed to examine relationships between economic variables, while a Monte Carlo simulation was used to predict future business activity trends. The results indicated that there are only moderately statistically significant relationships between economic factors and business establishment or closure. Domestic tourists' expenditures showed a weak positive correlation with business formation, whereas expenditures on inbound tourism had the opposite effect. The Monte Carlo simulation suggested that, assuming historical trends continue, the number of newly established businesses will stabilize at around 7,500 per year, while the number of closed businesses will be approximately 6,000 per year. Extreme scenarios demonstrated that economic fluctuations could lead to significant deviations, with the pessimistic scenario predicting a higher number of business closures and the optimistic scenario indicating a more favorable sectoral development.
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Grandi, Umberto, Emiliano Lorini, and Timothy Parker. "Moral Planning Agents with LTL Values." In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/47.

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A moral planning agent (MPA) seeks to compare two plans or compute an optimal plan in an interactive setting with other agents, where relative ideality and optimality of plans are defined with respect to a prioritized value base. We model MPAs whose values are expressed by formulas of linear temporal logic (LTL) and define comparison for both joint plans and individual plans. We introduce different evaluation criteria for individual plans including an optimistic (risk-seeking) criterion, a pessimistic (risk-averse) one, and two criteria based on the use of anticipated responsibility. We provide complexity results for a variety of MPA problems.
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Yano, Hitoshi. "Multiobjective Two-Level Simple Recourse Programming Problems with Discrete-Type Fuzzy Random Variables and Optimistic and Pessimistic Pareto Stackelberg Solutions." In 2020 Joint 11th International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems and 21st International Symposium on Advanced Intelligent Systems (SCIS-ISIS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scisisis50064.2020.9322753.

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Bagaria, Akhil, Jason Senthil, Matthew Slivinski, and George Konidaris. "Robustly Learning Composable Options in Deep Reinforcement Learning." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/298.

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Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) is only effective for long-horizon problems when high-level skills can be reliably sequentially executed. Unfortunately, learning reliably composable skills is difficult, because all the components of every skill are constantly changing during learning. We propose three methods for improving the composability of learned skills: representing skill initiation regions using a combination of pessimistic and optimistic classifiers; learning re-targetable policies that are robust to non-stationary subgoal regions; and learning robust option policies using model-based RL. We test these improvements on four sparse-reward maze navigation tasks involving a simulated quadrupedal robot. Each method successively improves the robustness of a baseline skill discovery method, substantially outperforming state-of-the-art flat and hierarchical methods.
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Žarković, Nebojša. "Positive thinking in insurance sales." In 26th Conference INSURANCE LAW AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE. Association for Insurance Law of Serbia, 2025. https://doi.org/10.46793/aida26.sav.03z.

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Positive thinking, or an optimistic attitude, is the practice of focusing on the good in any given situation. It can have a big impact on the physical and mental health, but that does not mean that business reality or any other reality should be ignored. It simply means that you approach the good and the bad in life with the expectation that things will go well. Many studies have looked at the role of optimism and positive thinking in mental and physical health. Some physical benefits may include better physical health, greater resistance to illness, better stress managament, longer life span, and so on. The mental benefits may include more creativity, greater problem-solving skill, clearer thinking, better interpersonal relationship, less depression, etc. Generally, people with a positive outlook may be more likely to live a healthy lifestyle since they have a more hopeful view of the future. On the other hand, if someone is naturally more pessimistic, he does not tend to expect the worst. It may help to see this positive thinking as a skill he can learn and benefit from. The positive way of behaviour is pretty important in insurance selling which involves sales of various types of insurance to customers, including home, life, health and auto insurance. People who sell insurance are often referred to as independent insurance agents or brokers. But insurance sellers are also employees of an insurance company whose job is to advise on and sell policies. Direct selling has a specific place in the sale of insurance. It has been proven that the seller-optimist has more advantages than the seller-pessimist. The optimism in sales can and should be improved by various types of training. As far as the insurance market in Serbia is concerned, we can conclude that mental preparation of sellers, including positive thinking, should be more practiced and trained.
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Alemam, Abdulbaset, and Simon Li. "Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers for Eco-Design Assessments in Conceptual Design." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34584.

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The research context is about eco-design improvement that focuses on modifying an existing product for reducing its environmental impacts. In this context, engineers may propose various design concepts that can potentially make the product more environmentally friendly. At this point, the research problem is how to assess environmental impacts of each concept given the uncertainty of design information at the conceptual design stage. To address this research problem, the trapezoidal fuzzy numbers are first applied to capture imprecise design information. Then, the centroid concept is applied to model different views of imprecision (i.e., pessimistic, balanced and optimistic) associated in fuzzy impact assessment. Accordingly, a decision scheme is developed for assessing different design concepts and suggesting the potential areas of a design concept to reduce environmental impacts. In an application, a coffee maker has been decomposed and analyzed to propose three possible concepts for eco-design improvements. These three concepts are then assessed by the proposed method of this paper to demonstrate the methodical workflow and utility that assists engineers to make eco-design decisions at the early design stage.
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Harper, Steven, and Robert L. Nagel. "Comparing the Perspectives of Engineering Students, Business Students, and Faculty Advisors Toward Successful Planning of Capstone Projects." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70610.

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One of the common goals in engineering design education is to provide real-world experiences that mimic the design experiences a student might encounter once graduated. An approach we use in the School of Engineering (SOE) at James Madison University (JMU) is a multidisciplinary pairing of business students from the College of Business and engineering students from the School of Engineering. Engineering and business students are positioned to learn from each other, and to collaborate together as they develop a feasible project plan for a two-year engineering project. In this paper, we present a study investigating the differing perceptions between faculty advisors, engineering students, and business students related to the successful capstone plan development. We hypothesized that each of the different functional groups (business students, engineering students, and faculty advisors) would have different view points on the planning and status of the infant capstone projects. The results indicate that, in the areas of planning and scheduling, the advisors are grouped with the engineering students, and in the areas of directing and controlling, the advisors are grouped with the business students. The time horizon of the students guides how they view unresolved problems with the planning and status of the project. This led to the business students, who were on the project for only one semester, to stand apart in their pessimistic assessment of the planning and scheduling of the project. The engineering students, who are on the project for the full two years, tended to be more optimistic about the directing and controlling aspects of the project.
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Fic Žagar, Petra, Tina Bregant, Matjaž Perc, et al. "COVID-19 Vigilance: Towards Better Risk Assessment and Communication During the Next Wave." In Values, Competencies and Changes in Organizations. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-442-2.15.

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Since December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 infections have altered many aspects of our societies. Citizens were faced with circumstances to which even experts and scientists did not yet know the answers and were applying the scientific method to make daily steps of progress towards better understanding the threat and how to contain it. Within a year, several vaccines were produced to protect individuals from the virus, thereby resolving the most important medical problem. However, not just medical issues call for the application of the scientific method. The management of epidemics also can, and in fact should, benefit significantly from a science-based approach. The novel complexity of the situation left us torn between permissive and authoritarian approaches of containment, and it is still subject to debate what works best and why. In our contribution, we model the emerging complexity of the epidemics and propose a scientific-based data driven approach that aims to aid the decision makers in their focus on the most relevant issues and thus helping them to make informed and consistent decisions. The resulting monitoring and control system, termed COVID-19 vigilance, helps with risk assessment and communication during regional COVID-19 outbreaks. The system is based on the Cynefin decision complexity framework and the universal process model, and it uses several mathematical models that describe epidemic spreading. Different future scenarios are used to predict the impact of realistic, optimistic, and pessimistic outcomes, in turn allowing for a more efficient communication of involved risk.
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Kaci, Souhila, and Leendert Van Der Torre. "Merging Optimistic and Pessimistic Preferences." In 2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icif.2006.301738.

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Reports on the topic "Optimistic and pessimistic problems"

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Davis, Angela K., Jeremy M. Piger, and Lisa M. Sedor. Beyond the Numbers: An Analysis of Optimistic and Pessimistic Language in Earnings Press Releases. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2006.005.

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Escaith, Hubert, and Sangeeta Khorana. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Merchandise Trade in Commonwealth Countries. Commonwealth Secretariat, 2021. https://doi.org/10.14217/comsec.334.

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This paper examines how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted merchandise trade between and with Commonwealth countries. It uses bilateral trade data from Base Analytique du Commerce International (BACI) to (i) estimate trade losses, i.e. variations in intra- and extra-Commonwealth trade in goods from the pre-pandemic trend, and (ii) simulate the impact of the pandemic on potential trade flows of Commonwealth countries under three scenarios: Consensus, Pessimistic and Optimistic. The scenarios are based on macroeconomic forecasts released by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank and the World Trade Organization (WTO) in the third and fourth quarters of 2020. The simulation results suggest that Commonwealth trade will be negatively affected, with developed Commonwealth countries being impacted more than developing countries. They also show that the adverse effects on trade will depend on the duration and severity of the disease. The analysis demonstrates the interconnected and fragile nature of the economies and highlights the need for a coordinated response for recovery.
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Moras, Bruno Cesar Krause, Xiaowei Chen, Kenny Chandra Wijaya, Satish Ukkusuri, Samuel Labi, and Konstantina Gkritza. Electric Vehicles: Public Perceptions, Expectations, and Willingness-to-Pay. Purdue University, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284317766.

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The primary objective of this project was to understand Indiana resident’s perspectives on electric vehicles (EVs), including adoption incentives and barriers, awareness of adoption incentives, charging preferences, and general travel patterns. A secondary objective was to establish a framework for identifying EV users, detailing their trips, and generating predictions for EV adoption and usage. To achieve these objectives, a stated preference survey was conducted with 1,217 Indiana residents. Two datasets containing travel behavior data were incorporated to generate synthetic data. The survey results revealed that Indiana EV users are typically middle-aged males living and working in urban areas. EV users tend to drive more frequently than non-EV users and prefer owning EVs over leasing them. They consider home charging as a vital component of EV usage. Non-EV users identified purchase price and charging issues as the main barriers to adoption and are generally unaware of charging incentives. They are also less inclined to use public charging facilities due to their perceived unreliability. EV trips are usually short distance. The generated synthetic dataset aligned with real-world data, predicting future EV demand for the next 8 years. Under an optimistic scenario, the number of EVs could increase by 18 times above the 2023 levels. Under a pessimistic scenario, it could double. This project supports INDOT, and other stakeholders prepare for the increased EV usage resulting from the deployment of charging stations. To foster EV adoption, it is recommended to better promote EV incentives, develop workforce programs focused on used EVs, and provide segmented education about public charging infrastructure.
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