Relevant bibliographies by topics / Optometrists

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Optometrists'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Optometrists"

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WLG, Gowling. "Top Legal Risks and Regulatory Trends Facing Canadian Optometrists." Canadian Journal of Optometry 80, no. 2 (2018): 60–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjo.80.272.

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Doctors of Optometry are subject to many of the same legal risks and trends facing most regulated health professionals in Canada. These legal exposures range in scale from College investigations into an optometrist’s billing practices to seven-figure lawsuits alleging that an optometrist failed to appropriately diagnose andrefer a patient for further investigation and treatment. This article uses information gained through calls made by insured optometrists to the Canadian Association of Optometrist (CAO)’s Insurance Program pro bono legal services hotline along with over 15 years of program claims data to provide an overview of common legal risks and regulatory trends affecting the profession.
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Maronick, Thomas J. "The Role of Board Certification as a Cue to Competence of Eye Care Providers: An Empirical Analysis." International Journal of Business and Social Research 6, no. 1 (2016): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/ijbsr.v6i1.914.

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<p>Authors have long known of the need for “cues” to assess the competence and training of providers of credence services. In the case of health care providers such as eye care professionals, one such cue is whether the eye care professional is “board certified.” This study of 500 consumers who had had an eye exam either from an optometrist or an ophthalmologist examines four questions: what factors are important to a consumer seeking an eye-care provider, what is communicated by an eye-care provider’s claim of being board certified, whether there are differences in perception between board certification as applied to an optometrist and an ophthalmologist, and whether there are differences in the perceptions of optometrists who are board certified compared to those who are not board certified. The results show that board certification is an important cue for consumers in assessing the competence and expertise of optometrists and that board certification can be used to distinguish between an optometrist and an ophthalmologist. The results also show that optometrists who are board certified as seen as better trained and more competent than optometrists who are not board certified. The results also raise questions about at the effectiveness of board certification as a cue for competence and expertise since most consumers believe optometrists are board certified when, in fact, board certification is voluntary and a very small percentage of optometrists licensed to practice in any state are actually board certified by either of the major certifying optometric organizations. Policy implications are also discussed, including the need for uniform standards for certification at the Federal and State level and the need for rigorous certification practices by third-party certifying organizations, including additional coursework and periodic assessment of optometrists’ performance to accurately reflect the enhanced quality and competence possessed by optometrists who are board certified.</p>
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Aamodt, Marianne, and Vibeke Sundling. "Screening of Diabetes Retinopathy in Optometry: Assessment of a Web-based Training Protocol." Scandinavian Journal of Optometry and Visual Science 10, no. 1 (2017): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5384/sjovs.vol10i1p18-22.

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Diabetic retinopathy is a sight threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. Regular eye examinations by trained health professionals can help prevent this. Although ophthalmologists have screening responsibility in Norway today, Norwegian optometrists regularly examine the ocular health of a large part of the population. The exact number of people with diabetes in Norway is unknown, and many are likely undiagnosed. Optometrists should be able to detect and grade diabetic retinopathy and ensure proper management of these patients. Previous studies in Norway have shown that optometrists need improved diagnostic skills to provide screening according to recommended standards. This study investigated the effect of web-based targeted training on the optometrists’ ability to detect, classify and manage patients with diabetic retinopathy. The study had an experimental prospective design. Eighteen optometrists working in optometric practice in Norway participated in a web-based survey "Visual Identification and Management of Ocular Conditions" (VIMOC) related to diabetic retinopathy before and after a minimal web-based training protocol. In the VIMOC, the optometrists assessed 14 retinal digital photographs of people with known diabetes. An ophthalmologist’s assessment and grading of the images was considered as the gold standard. The prevalence of retinopathy in the sample was set to 50% to prevent false high specificity. The web-based training significantly improved the optometrists’ diagnostic sensitivity, but did not significantly improve specificity. The diagnostic sensitivity before training was 71.4% (SD = 19.6). After training, the sensitivity was 85.71% (SD = 12.9). However, only six (33%) of the optometrists achieved the recommended screening standard; sensitivity of 80% or better and specificity of 95% of better. Web-based training in screening for diabetic retinopathy significantly improved optometrists’ screening and grading skills. Specific training in diabetes and screening for diabetic retinopathy are of great importance for detection and management of patients with diabetes by optometrists.
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Richter, Doris, Kathy Dumbleton, Sarah Guthrie, Craig Woods, Lyndon Jones, and Desmond Fonn. "Patient and practitioner compliance with silicone hydrogel and daily disposable lens replacement in Canada." Canadian Journal of Optometry 72, no. 1 (2010): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjo.72.633.

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Purpose: To assess current recommendations by optometrists for replacement frequency (RF) of silicone hydrogels (SH) and daily disposable (DD) contact lenses in Canada, determine rates of non-compliance with recommendations by both the optometrist and patient, and investigate reasons for non-compliance.
 Methods: Survey packages were sent to optometrists in Canada who had agreed to participate. Patients completed survey questions regarding demographics and contact lens wearing patterns, including recommended and actual contact lens RF. Optometrists were asked to provide lens information and their recommendation for RF. Fifty-eight optometrists returned 654 surveys, of which 578 were eligible for analysis.
 Results: Seventy percent of patients were female with a median age of 32 years. Lens type distribution was 18% DD, 35% two-week SH, and 47% one-month SH. Six percent were worn for extended wear. Daily wear median wearing time was 12 hours/day, a median of five days/week for DD, seven days/week for SH (two-week and one-month). Optometrists’ recommendations were non-compliant with the manufacturers’ recommended RF for 6% of DD, 35% of two week, and 2% of one-month patients. Patients were non-compliant with recommendations from both the manufacturer and optometrist for 12% of DD, 43% of two-week, and 31% of one-month lens wearers. The most common reason for non-compliance was forgetting which day to replace lenses. Fifty-six percent thought a reminder system would help with compliance. A higher proportion of compliant patients followed the RF because of confidence in their optometrist.
 Conclusions: Optometrists generally recommended RFs consistent with manufacturers’ recommendations for DD and one-month SH lenses but often recommended longer intervals for two-week SH lenses. Patients were most compliant when wearing DD lenses and least compliant when wearing two-week SH lenses. Communication between the patient and optometrists concerning the risks of non-compliance, or initiating a reminder system might improve compliance.
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Lam, Norris, and Susan J. Leat. "Canadian Optometric Low Vision: Predictive Factors and Regional Comparisons." Canadian Journal of Optometry 78, no. 1 (2016): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjo.78.476.

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Purpose: To investigate the regional differences in low vision (LV) provision across Canada and to identify predictive factors for the provision of more extensive low vision services (LVS).
 Methods: Practising optometrists across Canada were invited to participate in a questionnaire that investigated personal and practice demographics, levels of LVS offered, patterns of referrals and barriers to provision of LVS.
 Results: 459 optometrists responded. Predictive factors for providing more extensive LVS included: optometrists with >15 years of practice, having a local LV optometrist/ophthalmologist within one day’s travel, not having a multi-disciplinary LV clinic within one-day’s travel, working in a practice in a population of <50,000, and having 2+ optometrists in the same practice. Regional differences were found in the following variables: the presence of an optometrist offering LVS within the respondent’s primary practice, referral criteria, the type of LV provider receiving the referral, and the perceived quality of LVS.
 Conclusions: LVS are provided differently across Canada and the availability of government-funded LVS appeared to enhance optometric referrals to multidisciplinary low vision clinics. Optometrists who were in a group practice setting, who had practiced for >15 years and who worked in a less populated area were more likely to provide more extensive LVS.
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Dubey, Gaurav, Mantasha Dilkash, Vibha Kumari, et al. "Impact of second phase lockdown over Indian optometrists: a questionnaire based study." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 8, no. 11 (2021): 1717. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20214135.

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Background: Optometrist all over India have faced various problems during this period of COVID-19. This study is to find out the challenges faced by Indian optometrists during the Second phase of COVID-19 lockdown.Methods: A self-administrated, cross-sectional survey in English was distributed using Google forms through various professional bodies across optometrists in India. The questionnaire was circulated among optometrists practicing in India through social media, namely WhatsApp, Telegram, and Facebook. The survey aims to find out the challenges faced by Indian optometrists during the COVID-19 lockdown.Results: In this study, a total of 107 optometrists from all over India were enrolled, among which 60 (56%) were males and 47 (44.0%) were females. Informed consent was taken online by all the participants who were included in the study. 102 optometrists (95.3%) approved to participate in the study whereas 5 optometrists (4.8%) did not approve to participate in the study. 70% of optometrists faced problems in approaching the patient considering social distancing. 56% of optometrists had difficulty in dispensing spectacles, whereas 44% of optometrists did not face any difficulty. 81% of optometrists responded to have difficulty in dispensing contact lens.Conclusions: There are no doubt, due to COVID-19 optometrists have faced several challenges across the globe. The major challenge for optometrists was to dispense spectacle and contact lenses with maintaining their safety by maintaining social distancing with the patients. Maintaining social distancing is one of the best ways of reducing the further spread of the disease across the globe.
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Miyawaki, Christina E., Rebecca L. Mauldin, and Carolyn R. Carman. "The Potential of Optometrists’ Referrals of Older Patients to Community-Based Exercise Programs: Findings From a Mixed-Methods Study." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 28, no. 2 (2020): 194–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2018-0442.

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Exercise is important for older adults in order to prevent falls and live safer, healthier lives. Visual impairment is a risk factor for falling. Older adults tend to visit optometrists frequently; however, assessing patients’ physical exercise levels is not a routine practice for optometrists. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential for optometrists’ referrals to exercise programs. This study used a mixed-method, cross-sectional design. In focus groups, optometry patients (N = 42) discussed the acceptability of an optometrist’s prescription for exercise programs. The vast majority of optometry patients (90%) indicated that they would follow such a prescription for exercise from their optometrists. Texas optometrists (N = 268) were surveyed about the potential for exercise program prescriptions, and 97% indicated a willingness to prescribe exercise programs to their patients. The results suggest that there is an opportunity for community–clinical partnerships to prevent falls and to improve the health of older patients.
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Faucher, Caroline, Ariana Verni, and Marina Rezk. "The Inevitable Challenge of Ethical Dilemmas in Optometry, Part 2: Professional Relationships and Practices in the Spotlight." Canadian Journal of Optometry 84, no. 2 (2022): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjo.v84i2.4973.

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Health care professionals sometimes have to choose between options that are each less than optimal, and thereby risk compromising an ethical principle. Despite the impact they can have on these professionals and the population they serve, ethical dilemmas have never been studied in optometry. Objective. This article is the second in a series of three reporting the results of a study that aimed to identify and describe the ethical dilemmas faced by optometrists. Method. A total of 240 optometrists completed an online questionnaire concerning ethical dilemmas encountered during their career. Results. A major source of ethical dilemmas for optometrists is conflicts with other optometrists, as well as with opticians and ophthalmologists. Other situations, such as being confronted with cases at the limit of one’s competency and the disclosure of personal information, are also important ethical issues. Conclusion. Optometrists experience ethical questioning that is likely to cause them stress and compromise the well-being of the public. The next and final article in this series will reveal ethical dilemmas concerning the optometrist/patient relationship and offer suggestions for optometrists to be better prepared for dealing with the various ethical issues related to the practice of their profession.
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Anderson, Alyssa Erin, and Gordon Hensel. "Evaluating the Adequacy of the Geographic Distribution of Eye Care Professionals in Alberta." Canadian Journal of Optometry 83, no. 2 (2021): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjo.v83i2.1552.

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A refraction is one of several tests performed by optometrists and ophthalmologists to issue a patient’s prescription for glasses. In Alberta, optometrists and ophthalmologists are authorized to perform refractions and prescribe based on that refraction; however, opticians are only authorized to refract. This study investigates whether there is a public need for opticians to be licensed to perform refractions and prescribe based on that refraction based on the adequacy of the geographic distribution of eye care professionals in Alberta. To answer this question, the optometrist and ophthalmologist to population ratios for each of Alberta’s five health zones were calculated and compared to international benchmarks. Our results show that all five of Alberta’s health zones have optometrist to population ratios that either meet or exceed the 1:10,000 international benchmark, and three of the five health zones have ophthalmologist to population ratios that meet or exceed the 3:100,000 international benchmark. Based on this data, there is an adequate distribution of optometrists but an inadequate distribution of ophthalmologists in the province. However, in regard to refractions, there is no overwhelming public need for opticians to refract and prescribe based on the refraction.
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Reeves, Barnaby C., Lauren J. Scott, Jodi Taylor, et al. "The Effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of Community versus Hospital Eye Service follow-up for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration with quiescent disease (ECHoES): a virtual randomised balanced incomplete block trial." Health Technology Assessment 20, no. 80 (2016): 1–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta20800.

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BackgroundPatients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) usually attend regular reviews, even when the disease is quiescent. Reviews are burdensome to health services, patients and carers.ObjectivesTo compare the proportion of correct lesion classifications made by community-based optometrists and ophthalmologists from vignettes of patients; to estimate the cost-effectiveness of community follow-up by optometrists compared with follow-up by ophthalmologists in the Hospital Eye Service (HES); to ascertain views of patients, their representatives, optometrists, ophthalmologists and clinical commissioners on the proposed shared care model.DesignCommunity-based optometrists and ophthalmologists in the HES classified lesions from vignettes comprising clinical information, colour fundus photographs and optical coherence tomography images. Participants’ classifications were validated against experts’ classifications (reference standard).SettingInternet-based application.ParticipantsOphthalmologists had to have ≥ 3 years post-registration experience in ophthalmology, have passed part 1 of the Royal College of Ophthalmologists, Diploma in Ophthalmology or equivalent examination, and have experience in the age-related macular degeneration service. Optometrists had to be fully qualified, be registered with the General Optical Council for ≥ 3 years and not be participating in nAMD shared care.InterventionsThe trial sought to emulate a conventional trial in comparing optometrists’ and ophthalmologists’ decision-making, but vignettes, not patients, were assessed; therefore, there were no interventions. Participants received training prior to assessing vignettes.Main outcome measuresPrimary outcome – correct classification of the activity status of a lesion based on a vignette, compared with a reference standard. Secondary outcomes – frequencies of potentially sight-threatening errors, participants’ judgements about specific lesion components, participant-rated confidence in their decisions and cost-effectiveness of follow-up by community-based optometrists compared with HES ophthalmologists.ResultsIn total, 155 participants registered for the trial; 96 (48 in each professional group) completed training and main assessments and formed the analysis population. Optometrists and ophthalmologists achieved 1702 out of 2016 (84.4%) and 1722 out of 2016 (85.4%) correct classifications, respectively [odds ratio (OR) 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66 to 1.25;p = 0.543]. Optometrists’ decision-making was non-inferior to ophthalmologists’ with respect to the pre-specified limit of 10% absolute difference (0.298 on the odds scale). Frequencies of sight-threatening errors were similar for optometrists and ophthalmologists [57/994 (5.7%) vs. 62/994 (6.2%), OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.55 to 1.57;p = 0.789]. Ophthalmologists assessed lesion components as present less often than optometrists and were more confident about their lesion classifications than optometrists. The mean care-pathway cost for assessment was very similar by group, namely £397.33 for ophthalmologists and £410.78 for optometrists. The optometrist-led monitoring reviews were slightly more costly and less effective than ophthalmologist-led reviews, although the differences were extremely small. There was consensus that optometrist-led monitoring has the potential to reduce clinical workload and be more patient-centred. However, potential barriers are ophthalmologists’ perceptions of optometrists’ competence, the need for clinical training, the ability of the professions to work collaboratively and the financial feasibility of shared care for Clinical Commissioning Groups.ConclusionsThe ability of optometrists to make nAMD retreatment decisions from vignettes is non-inferior to that of ophthalmologists. Various barriers to implementing shared cared for nAMD were identified.Future work recommendationsThe Effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of Community versus Hospital Eye Service follow-up for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration with quiescent disease (ECHoES) study web application was robust and could be used for future training or research. The benefit of reducing HES workload was not considered in the economic evaluation. A framework of programme budgeting and marginal analysis could explicitly explore the resource implications of shifting resources within a given health service area, as the benefit of reducing HES workload was not considered in the economic evaluation. Future qualitative research could investigate professional differences of opinion that were identified in multidisciplinary focus groups.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN07479761.FundingThis project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full inHealth Technology Assessment; Vol. 20, No. 80. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Optometrists"

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Theodossiades, Julia Elizabeth. "Glaucoma detection by optometrists." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414489.

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Mabaso, Conspire. "An investigation of why black optometrists do not succeed in private practice in the Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/889.

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Larson, Tara. "A survey of licensed Wisconsin optometrists on Lutein and Zeaxanthin and eye health." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2006. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2006/2006larsont.pdf.

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Campbell, Peter. "The clinical skills of optometrists in assessing the anterior chamber angle." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2014. http://researchopen.lsbu.ac.uk/2019/.

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Introduction: The number of cases of glaucoma is predicted to increase considerably over the next few decades. The current reference standard method used to distinguish between primary open angle and primary angle closure glaucoma is gonioscopy, but there is a lack of evidence on anterior chamber angle (ACA) assessment methods outside Asia. Optometrists who show competence at gonioscopy are well placed to play an important future role in glaucoma care provision in the UK. Aims: · To investigate the impact of the NICE guideline on glaucoma on the clinical practice of optometrists. · To investigate the ability of optometrists and other healthcare professionals (HCPs) at gonioscopy. · To assess the intra-observer repeatability and agreement between gonioscopy, van Herick method and anterior segment Optical Coherence Tomography (AS-OCT). Methods: Optometrists were invited to complete an online questionnaire investigating clinical practice before and after the introduction of the NICE guideline. Gonioscopy findings for optometrists and other HCPs were compared to those of a consultant ophthalmologist. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated, weighted kappa (κw) was used to assess inter-observer repeatability. Gonioscopy, van Herick method and AS-OCT were performed on two occasions. Sensitivity and specificity of van Herick method and AS-OCT were calculated, using gonioscopy as the reference standard. Kappa (κ) was used to measure the intraobserver repeatability. Results: A significant increase in the use of applanation tonometry (p < 0.01) but no significant change in gonioscopy usage (p=0.47) was found after the introduction of the NICE guideline. Sensitivity and specificity values for HCPs’ gonioscopy findings compared to a consultant ophthalmologist were good: 92% and 92% respectively. The repeatability of gonioscopy was fair κ=0.29, while that of the van Herick method (κ=0.54) and AS-OCT (κ=0.47) were better. The van Herick method showed good sensitivity (visit 1: 82%, visit 2: 75%) and very good specificity (visit 1: 88%, visit 2: 95%). The sensitivity of AS-OCT was fair (visit 1: 46%, visit 2: 25%), specificity was high (visit 1: 87%. visit 2: 89%). Discussion In this thesis new evidence is presented comparing ACA assessment tests. There has been no change in gonioscopy practice since the guideline on glaucoma was issued. Optometrists along with other HCPs, are able to perform gonioscopy accurately and competently. The van Herick method and AS-OCT have better repeatability than gonioscopy. The van Herick method showed good agreement with gonioscopy but AS-OCT agreement with gonioscopy was less. The van Herick method would therefore appear to be a more useful test than AS-OCT for optometrists assessing patients at risk of glaucoma.
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Myint, Joy. "A study of case finding for chronic open angle glaucoma by UK community optometrists." Thesis, City University London, 2013. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/2735/.

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In 2009 approximately 480,000 people were affected by COAG in England. Furthermore, glaucoma sufferers and suspects are responsible for over one million glaucoma-related outpatient visits annually. Community optometrists make over 95% of suspect COAG referrals, identifying suspects through opportunistic case-finding. Optometrists’ case-finding is largely based on a triad of tests: optic nerve head assessment, tonometry, and visual fields. There has been little research into optometrists’ COAG case-finding strategies. Chapter 2 reports on a national survey regarding COAG case-finding methodologies and referral criteria. Survey response validity was confirmed by comparing these with a national sample of referral letters. UK optometrists are well-equipped to detect COAG. Optometrist’s skills and scope of practice in the detection of glaucoma have evolved since the last national survey in the late 1980’s. The level of funding and nature of the GOS contract in England limits development of effective services for glaucoma detection. For comparison, the survey was also performed in the Netherlands. Dutch optometrists own fewer automated field screeners but more goniolenses and pachymeters, and are more likely to use binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy than UK optometrists. Chapter 3 describes the development of a competency framework for optometrists with a specialist interest in glaucoma utilising Delphi methodology. The Delphi technique is a robust method for gaining autonomous expert opinion. This approach has led to the development of an accepted national competency framework for optometrists with a special interest in glaucoma. Chapter 4 evaluated the impact of a postgraduate educational intervention on aspects of glaucoma detection. The intervention increased awareness of disc changes in glaucoma, but was less effective for clinical decision- aking and for improving performance in the Discus program for disc assessment. The traditional didactic teaching style is unsuited for training optometrists in the clinical competencies required for glaucoma detection and management. Chapter 5 is a unifying summary of preceding chapters and contains recommendations for future research.
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Hampson, Peter. "Does the content of symptoms and history taught at Aston University reflect the habits of optometrists working in multiple practice?" Thesis, Aston University, 2016. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/30079/.

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether Aston University’s undergraduate classes on the symptoms and history element of eye examinations reflected the habits of optometrists working in multiple practice, the destination of most optometry graduates. Data abstraction was carried out on a single free text field within electronic eye examination records taken from a major community multiple practice. Company policy required optometrists to enter symptoms and history in this field. The feasibility of carrying out Bayesian searches on free text fields was investigated. Electronic searches were carried out to identify 163 text items linked to 11 classes of presenting symptoms in 51,944 records. Likelihood ratios were calculated for all text item/presenting symptom combinations in a training dataset of 1075 manually classified records. These likelihood ratios were applied to naïve Bayesian searches for presenting symptoms in the training dataset. Post-test probability threshold values were adjusted to match known and estimated prevalence for each symptom presentation type. These adjusted threshold values resulted in diagnostic accuracy of between 83 and 99% (depending on the presenting symptom class). The same likelihood ratios and adjusted threshold values were applied to larger scale naïve Bayesian searches in order to estimate the prevalence of each presenting symptom class in all 51,944 records. This part of the study showed that similar Bayesian searches on the more complex and numerous elements of complete symptoms and history free text fields would not have been feasible. This being the case, detailed manual searches through 224 free text fields to determine how often optometrists asked 105 symptom and history test items taught at Aston University. Asking rates varied from 0 to 88%. The proportion of expected questions asked in individual records (conformity) tended to be higher for eye examinations that were routine (no presenting symptoms: 95% confidence limits 41 to 51%) compared to those with presenting symptoms (the means for which ranged from 25 to 34%). Optometrists tended to ask database-style questions (mean asking rates varied from 33 to 40% depending on the presenting symptom) more often than problem-orientated style questions (mean asking rates varied from 22 to 33% depending on the presenting symptoms). Decision tree analyses were used to explore the data in more depth and showed statistically significant regional variations in conformity. In summary, typical practice did not reflect what was taught at Aston University. Optometrists tended not to vary the questions asked according to the presenting symptoms. It was anticipated that these findings would be of interest to optometry schools and members of legal teams involved with fitness to practice disputes.
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Howell-Duffy, Christopher John. "Scientific evidence to support the art of prescribing spectacles : identification of the clinical scenarios in which optometrists apply partial prescribing techniques and the quantification of spectacle adaption problems." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5759.

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Although experiential prescribing maxims are quoted in some optometric textbooks their content varies significantly and no direct research evidence was available to support their use. Accordingly in chapters 2 and 3, the uses of several potential prescribing rules were investigated in the UK optometric profession. Our results indicated that the subjective refraction result exerted a strong hold on the prescribing outcome with 40-85% of optometrists prescribing the subjective result in a variety of scenarios. The finding that after 40 years qualified, experienced optometrists were three times more likely to suggest a partial prescription was an important discovery that provides significant support for the prescribing rules suggested by various authors. It would also appear from the results of the retrospective evaluation of the 'if it ain't broke, don't fix it' clinical maxim in Chapter 4 that spectacle dissatisfaction rates could be reduced by between 22 to 42% depending on how strictly the maxim is interpreted by the practitioner. Certainly an 'if it ain't broke, don't fix it much' maxim was suggested as being particularly appropriate. Chapter 5 included a reanalysis of previously published data that found no change in falls rate after cataract surgery to investigate any influence of refractive correction change and /or visual acuity change on falls rate. Unfortunately these data were not sufficiently powered to provide significant results. In chapter 6, a spectacle adaptation questionnaire (SAQ) was developed and validated using Rasch analysis. Initial studies found no differences in SAQ with gender or age.
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Gray, Selena F. "A randomised trial of different approaches to the surveillance of patients with primary open angle glaucoma : follow-up by community-based optometrists compared to the hospital eye service." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324353.

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Howell-Duffy, Christopher J. "Scientific evidence to support the art of prescribing spectacles. Identification of the clinical scenarios in which optometrists apply partial prescribing techniques and the quantification of spectacle adaption problems." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5759.

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Although experiential prescribing maxims are quoted in some optometric textbooks their content varies significantly and no direct research evidence was available to support their use. Accordingly in chapters 2 and 3, the uses of several potential prescribing rules were investigated in the UK optometric profession. Our results indicated that the subjective refraction result exerted a strong hold on the prescribing outcome with 40-85% of optometrists prescribing the subjective result in a variety of scenarios. The finding that after 40 years qualified, experienced optometrists were three times more likely to suggest a partial prescription was an important discovery that provides significant support for the prescribing rules suggested by various authors. It would also appear from the results of the retrospective evaluation of the ¿if it ain¿t broke, don¿t fix it¿ clinical maxim in Chapter 4 that spectacle dissatisfaction rates could be reduced by between 22 to 42% depending on how strictly the maxim is interpreted by the practitioner. Certainly an ¿if it ain¿t broke, don¿t fix it much¿ maxim was suggested as being particularly appropriate. Chapter 5 included a reanalysis of previously published data that found no change in falls rate after cataract surgery to investigate any influence of refractive correction change and /or visual acuity change on falls rate. Unfortunately these data were not sufficiently powered to provide significant results. In chapter 6, a spectacle adaptation questionnaire (SAQ) was developed and validated using Rasch analysis. Initial studies found no differences in SAQ with gender or age.<br>College of Optometrists
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Stavrou, Eftyhia P. "Vision, functional and cognitive determinants of motor vehicle incidents in older drivers." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/28503/1/Efty_Stavrou_Thesis.pdf.

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Background: The proportion of older individuals in the driving population is predicted to increase in the next 50 years. This has important implications for driving safety as abilities which are important for safe driving, such as vision (which accounts for the majority of the sensory input required for driving), processing ability and cognition have been shown to decline with age. The current methods employed for screening older drivers upon re-licensure are also vision based. This study, which investigated social, behavioural and professional aspects involved with older drivers, aimed to determine: (i) if the current visual standards in place for testing upon re-licensure are effective in reducing the older driver fatality rate in Australia; (ii) if the recommended visual standards are actually implemented as part of the testing procedures by Australian optometrists; and (iii) if there are other non-standardised tests which may be better at predicting the on-road incident-risk (including near misses and minor incidents) in older drivers than those tests recommended in the standards. Methods: For the first phase of the study, state-based age- and gender-stratified numbers of older driver fatalities for 2000-2003 were obtained from the Australian Transportation Safety Bureau database. Poisson regression analyses of fatality rates were considered by renewal frequency and jurisdiction (as separate models), adjusting for possible confounding variables of age, gender and year. For the second phase, all practising optometrists in Australia were surveyed on the vision tests they conduct in consultations relating to driving and their knowledge of vision requirements for older drivers. Finally, for the third phase of the study to investigate determinants of on-road incident risk, a stratified random sample of 600 Brisbane residents aged 60 years and were selected and invited to participate using an introductory letter explaining the project requirements. In order to capture the number and type of road incidents which occurred for each participant over 12 months (including near misses and minor incidents), an important component of the prospective research study was the development and validation of a driving diary. The diary was a tool in which incidents that occurred could be logged at that time (or very close in time to which they occurred) and thus, in comparison with relying on participant memory over time, recall bias of incident occurrence was minimised. Association between all visual tests, cognition and scores obtained for non-standard functional tests with retrospective and prospective incident occurrence was investigated. Results: In the first phase,rivers aged 60-69 years had a 33% lower fatality risk (Rate Ratio [RR] = 0.75, 95% CI 0.32-1.77) in states with vision testing upon re-licensure compared with states with no vision testing upon re-licensure, however, because the CIs are wide, crossing 1.00, this result should be regarded with caution. However, overall fatality rates and fatality rates for those aged 70 years and older (RR=1.17, CI 0.64-2.13) did not differ between states with and without license renewal procedures, indicating no apparent benefit in vision testing legislation. For the second phase of the study, nearly all optometrists measured visual acuity (VA) as part of a vision assessment for re-licensing, however, 20% of optometrists did not perform any visual field (VF) testing and only 20% routinely performed automated VF on older drivers, despite the standards for licensing advocating automated VF as part of the vision standard. This demonstrates the need for more effective communication between the policy makers and those responsible for carrying out the standards. It may also indicate that the overall higher driver fatality rate in jurisdictions with vision testing requirements is resultant as the tests recommended by the standards are only partially being conducted by optometrists. Hence a standardised protocol for the screening of older drivers for re-licensure across the nation must be established. The opinions of Australian optometrists with regard to the responsibility of reporting older drivers who fail to meet the licensing standards highlighted the conflict between maintaining patient confidentiality or upholding public safety. Mandatory reporting requirements of those drivers who fail to reach the standards necessary for driving would minimise potential conflict between the patient and their practitioner, and help maintain patient trust and goodwill. The final phase of the PhD program investigated the efficacy of vision, functional and cognitive tests to discriminate between at-risk and safe older drivers. Nearly 80% of the participants experienced an incident of some form over the prospective 12 months, with the total incident rate being 4.65/10 000 km. Sixty-three percent reported having a near miss and 28% had a minor incident. The results from the prospective diary study indicate that the current vision screening tests (VA and VF) used for re-licensure do not accurately predict older drivers who are at increased odds of having an on-road incident. However, the variation in visual measurements of the cohort was narrow, also affecting the results seen with the visual functon questionnaires. Hence a larger cohort with greater variability should be considered for a future study. A slightly lower cognitive level (as measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]) did show an association with incident involvement as did slower reaction time (RT), however the Useful-Field-of-View (UFOV) provided the most compelling results of the study. Cut-off values of UFOV processing (>23.3ms), divided attention (>113ms), selective attention (>258ms) and overall score (moderate/ high/ very high risk) were effective in determining older drivers at increased odds of having any on-road incident and the occurrence of minor incidents. Discussion: The results have shown that for the 60-69 year age-group, there is a potential benefit in testing vision upon licence renewal. However, overall fatality rates and fatality rates for those aged 70 years and older indicated no benefit in vision testing legislation and suggests a need for inclusion of screening tests which better predict on-road incidents. Although VA is routinely performed by Australian optometrists on older drivers renewing their licence, VF is not. Therefore there is a need for a protocol to be developed and administered which would result in standardised methods conducted throughout the nation for the screening of older drivers upon re-licensure. Communication between the community, policy makers and those conducting the protocol should be maximised. By implementing a standardised screening protocol which incorporates a level of mandatory reporting by the practitioner, the ethical dilemma of breaching patient confidentiality would also be resolved. The tests which should be included in this screening protocol, however, cannot solely be ones which have been implemented in the past. In this investigation, RT, MMSE and UFOV were shown to be better determinants of on-road incidents in older drivers than VA and VF, however, as previously mentioned, there was a lack of variability in visual status within the cohort. Nevertheless, it is the recommendation from this investigation, that subject to appropriate sensitivity and specificity being demonstrated in the future using a cohort with wider variation in vision, functional performance and cognition, these tests of cognition and information processing should be added to the current protocol for the screening of older drivers which may be conducted at licensing centres across the nation.
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Books on the topic "Optometrists"

1

Hanratty, Michelle. LASIK: A handbook for optometrists. Elsevier/Butterworth Heinemann, 2005.

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Hicks, Clayton. Clayton Hicks: A man determined. Fells Johnson Techni-write, 1989.

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B, Suchoff Irwin, and Optometric Extension Program Foundation, eds. Tests and measurements for behavioral optometrists. Optometric Extension Program, Curriculum II, 1991.

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Florida, Legislature Senate Economic Community and Consumer Affairs Committee. A review of chapter 463, Florida statutes, relating to optometry. The Committee, 1986.

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Fisher, Lenin. Historia de la oftalmología y la optometría en Nicaragua. Editorial Universitaria Tutecotzimí, UNAN-Managua, 2018.

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Illinois. Bureau of the Budget. and Illinois. Dept. of Registration and Education., eds. Governor's sunset report on the Illinois Optometric Practice Act. The Bureau, 1986.

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Hawaii. Legislature. Office of the Legislative Auditor. Sunset evaluation report, optometry, Chapter 459, Hawaii revised statutes: A report to the Governor and the Legislature of the State of Hawaii. The Auditor, 1987.

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Kim, Chae-ho. Sarang ŭi hŭin chipʻangi. Medikʻŏl Ŏpchŏbŏ, 2002.

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Association of Optometrists (Great Britain), ed. A history of the AOP: The first fifty years. Association of Optometrists, 1996.

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Czycholl, Harald. Fielmann: Ein Unternehmer mit Weitsicht. Wachholtz, Murmann Publishers, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Optometrists"

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Park, Jonathan C., Leo J. Feinberg, and David H. Jones. "Introduction – A book for junior doctors and optometrists." In Refraction and Retinoscopy, 2nd ed. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003329329-1.

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Shuy, Roger W. "Optometrists vs. Ophthalmologists." In The Language of Defamation Cases. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195391329.003.0009.

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"The College of Optometrists." In The Grants Register 2018. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-94186-5_344.

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"The College of Optometrists." In The Grants Register 2019. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-95810-8_349.

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Waldman, Corey W., Elizabeth Hoppe, Ida Chung, et al. "Interprofessional Eye Care." In Building a Patient-Centered Interprofessional Education Program. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3066-5.ch011.

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Doctors of Optometry and optometric students, interns, and residents are valuable members of the interprofessional team. Including both primary eye care and more specialized optometric care that can encompass elements of secondary and tertiary care in the collaborative care of patients ensures a holistic, whole-body approach to wellness and supports patients' quality of life. Doctors of Optometry play a vital role in ensuring optimal health throughout the lifespan, and in particular, for people with chronic conditions and complex health concerns. The authors explore examples of how optometrists participate in the healthcare team and describe how optometrists can make an impact for patients across the life span.
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Mishra, Dr Neeta. "FUTURISTIC TRENDS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES – OPTOMETRY." In Futuristic Trends in Medical Sciences Volume 3 Book 1. Iterative International Publisher, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bfms1p2ch1.

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More optometrists and medical professionals are using telemedicine tools to diagnose and treat patients remotely. This is especially true in regions with limited access to healthcare. Telemedicine is expected to expand in the future and become a crucial tool for delivering eye care services to patients.
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"The College of Optometrists and the examiners." In The Professional Qualifying Examinations. Elsevier, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-8845-1.50008-8.

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Khan, Hiba, and Dr Anshu Kumar Singh. "RECENT ADVANCES IN THE FIELD OF OPTOMETRY." In Futuristic Trends in Medical Sciences Volume 3 Book 17. Iterative International Publisher, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bgms17ch4.

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Optometry is a specific medical service calling that includes inspecting the eyes and related structures for deformities or irregularities. Optometrists are medical services experts who normally give extensive essential eye care. The World Gathering of Optometry, World Wellbeing Association and around 75 optometry associations from more than 40 nations have taken on the accompanying definition, to be utilized to portray optometry and optometrist. Optometry is a healthcare profession that is autonomous, educated, and regulated (licensed/registered), and optometrists are the primary healthcare practitioners of the eye and visual system who provide comprehensive eye and vision care, which includes refraction and dispensing, detection/diagnosis and management of disease in the eye, and the rehabilitation of conditions of the visual system. Optics started with the improvement of focal points by the antiquated Egyptians and Mesopotamians, trailed by hypotheses on light and vision created by old Greek thinkers, and the advancement of mathematical optics in the Greco-Roman world. Optics was fundamentally transformed by the improvements in the archaic Islamic world, like the starting points of physical and physiological optics, and afterward altogether progressed in early present day Europe, where diffractive optics started. These previous investigations on optics are presently known as "old style optics". The expression "current optics" alludes to areas of optical examination that generally evolved in the twentieth 100 years, like wave optics and quantum optics. In addition to the more conventional approaches that are currently in use, new technologies for multifocal contact lenses and spectacles are being developed to address the worldwide rise in myopia. New effective drops both remedy and over the counter, add to the optometric restorative armoury. An as of late endorsed fundamental medication might change the board designs for thyroid eye sickness. We are seeing a dramatic flood in recent fads, innovations, and medicines in optometry and expect to rouse some further examination by giving you an undeniable level prologue to a portion of the promising newcomers in eye care.
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"Chapter nine. Optometrists, Ophthalmologists, Opticians: What They Do." In Seeing. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520967724-010.

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Whitehouse, Karen. "Training and accreditation for retinal screening and grading." In Diabetic Retinopathy: Screening to Treatment (Oxford Diabetes Library). Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834458.003.0015.

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In all national screening programmes, staff training to confirm competency and accreditation to practice in their profession is required for patient safety. This chapter sets out an example of how the UK diabetic eye programme has evolved in this respect. The current National Vocational Qualifications (NVQ) level 3: Health screener: diabetic eye screening for personnel undertaking screening and grading, will be explained. In some programmes, slit lamp examination is now provided by graders, as well as ophthalmologists and optometrists. The current requirement is detailed. In addition, all grading staff should also participate in test and training of retinal image sets in order to confirm accuracy of grading. At least 10 test sets should be undertaken per annum.
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Conference papers on the topic "Optometrists"

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Balaji, J. Jothi, and Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan. "Should Optics Be Taught as Continuing Medical Education to Optometrists?" In Education and Training in Optics and Photonics. OSA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/etop.2021.th1b.1.

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Gené-Sampedro, Andrés, María José Luque, María Amparo Díez-Ajenjo, et al. "LEARNING TO SHARE SCIENTIFIC RESULTS ONLINE: THE INTERNATIONAL ONLINE SYMPOSIUM OF YOUNG OPTOMETRISTS (SIYO)." In 14th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2021.0606.

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Ball, Karlene K., Daniel L. Roenker, and John R. Bruni. "The Use of Functional Vision Assessment in Predicting Mobility Problems in Older Adults." In Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1990.wb4.

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Ophthalmolgists and optometrists are sometimes called upon to evaluate the functional status of the visual system in terms of what activities an individual may engage in, in addition to diagnosing the presence of pathology. This may prove a difficult task since there is often a mismatch between sensory loss and the ability to function in the world (i.e. some individuals with dramatic losses seem to function quite well while others, with only minor sensory loss, report great difficulty in visually guided activities). This difficulty may be exacerbated in the older population, where there is a marked increase in the range of functional abilities, and often no clear distinction between aging and early onset of disease.
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Jakovļeva, Jeļena, and Gunta Krūmiņa. "Dažādu redzes faktoru saistība ar skolēnu lasītprasmi." In LU FMOF optometrijas un redzes zinātnes nodaļas un Latvijas optometristu un optiķu asociācijas konferences. Latvijas Universitāte, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/orzn.2013.01.

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Lūse, Kaiva, Sergejs Fomins, and Māris Ozoliņš. "Vālīšu atbildes modelēšana, izmantojot attēlu matemātisko apstrādi." In LU FMOF optometrijas un redzes zinātnes nodaļas un Latvijas optometristu un optiķu asociācijas konferences. Latvijas Universitāte, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/orzn.2012.01.

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Jansone, Liene, Varis Karitāns, and Gunta Krūmiņa. "Tīklenes biezuma mērījumi, izmantojot Šaka-Hartmana viļņu frontes sensoru." In LU FMOF optometrijas un redzes zinātnes nodaļas un Latvijas optometristu un optiķu asociācijas konferences. Latvijas Universitāte, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/orzn.2014.01.

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Laicāne, I., J. Šķilters, V. Liakhovetckii, A. Kūlīte, and G. Krūmiņa. "Grupēšana un bioloģiskās kustības uztvere redzes lauka perifērijā." In LU FMOF optometrijas un redzes zinātnes nodaļas un Latvijas optometristu un optiķu asociācijas konferences. Latvijas Universitāte, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/orzn.2016.01.

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Avdeikina, Anžela. "“Vienmēr esmu bijis arī skolotājs …” Profesors Ivars Lācis." In LU FMOF optometrijas un redzes zinātnes nodaļas un Latvijas optometristu un optiķu asociācijas konferences. Latvijas Universitāte, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/orzn.2019.01.

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Ozoliņš, Māris. "Kā ienākusi lāzeru izmantošana redzes aprūpē." In LU FMOF optometrijas un redzes zinātnes nodaļas un Latvijas optometristu un optiķu asociācijas konferences. Latvijas Universitāte, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/orzn.2020.01.

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Fomins, Sergejs, and Dāvis Zāģers. "Korelētas krāsu temperatūras un gaišuma uztvere baltas gaismas avotos ar un bez ciāna spektra komponentes." In LU FMOF optometrijas un redzes zinātnes nodaļas un Latvijas optometristu un optiķu asociācijas konference. Latvijas Universitāte, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/orzn.2022.01.

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Reports on the topic "Optometrists"

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Optometrists are cautious, but may be as good as ophthalmologists at monitoring a common cause of blindness. National Institute for Health Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/signal-000291.

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