Journal articles: 'Oral Administration'

1

Rollwagen, Florence M., and Shahida Baqar. "Oral cytokine administration." Immunology Today 17, no. 12 (December 1996): 548–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5699(96)30065-0.

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Fidler, I. J., W. E. Fogler, A. F. Brownbill, and G. Schumann. "Systemic activation of tumoricidal properties in mouse macrophages and inhibition of melanoma metastases by the oral administration of MTP-PE, a lipophilic muramyl dipeptide." Journal of Immunology 138, no. 12 (June 15, 1987): 4509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.138.12.4509.

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Abstract The purpose of these studies was to determine whether the oral administration of a lipophilic analog of muramyl dipeptide, MTP-PE, can produce in situ activation of tumoricidal properties in mouse macrophages. MTP-PE was dissolved in a phosphate-buffered saline to produce micelles. Single or multiple oral administrations of MTP-PE produced tumoricidal activation in both lung and peritoneal macrophages. This was in direct contrast to the i.v. or i.p. administrations of MTP-PE incorporated in liposomes, which produced activation in only lung or only peritoneal macrophages, respectively. The distribution and fate of [3H]-labeled MTP-PE subsequent to oral administration revealed that MTP-PE was found in various organs independent of reticuloendothelial activity. Finally, the repeated twice-weekly oral administrations of MTP-PE inhibited lung and lymph node metastasis in C57BL/6 mice by syngeneic B16 melanoma cells. The oral administration of MTP-PE, however, was not effective in eradicating well-established melanoma metastases. We conclude that the oral administration of a lipophilic muramyl dipeptide produces systemic activation of macrophages. The feasibility of enhancing host defense against infections and cancer by the oral administration of an immunomodulator has obvious clinical advantages.

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&NA;. "Fentanyl - oral transmucosal administration vs oral solution." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 804 (September 1991): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199108040-00053.

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4

Falk, John L., and Maisy Tang. "Midazolam oral self-administration." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 15, no. 1-2 (May 1985): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-8716(85)90039-0.

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Davis, Janelle L., Hunter L. Paris, Joseph W. Beals, Scott E. Binns, Gregory R. Giordano, Rebecca L. Scalzo, Melani M. Schweder, Emek Blair, and Christopher Bell. "Liposomal-encapsulated Ascorbic Acid: Influence on Vitamin C Bioavailability and Capacity to Protect against Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury." Nutrition and Metabolic Insights 9 (January 2016): NMI.S39764. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/nmi.s39764.

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Intravenous administration of vitamin C has been shown to decrease oxidative stress and, in some instances, improve physiological function in adult humans. Oral vitamin C administration is typically less effective than intravenous, due in part to inferior vitamin C bioavailability. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of oral delivery of vitamin C encapsulated in liposomes. On 4 separate randomly ordered occasions, 11 men and women were administered an oral placebo, or 4 g of vitamin C via oral, oral liposomal, or intravenous delivery. The data indicate that oral delivery of 4 g of vitamin C encapsulated in liposomes (1) produces circulating concentrations of vitamin C that are greater than unencapsulated oral but less than intravenous administration and (2) provides protection from ischemia–reperfusion-mediated oxidative stress that is similar to the protection provided by unencapsulated oral and intravenous administrations.

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&NA;. "Oral dissolution vs oral administration in hypertensive crises." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 818 (December 1991): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199108180-00032.

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Robison, Jeanne M., Diana J. Wilkie, and Bethaney Campbell. "SUBLINGUAL AND ORAL MORPHINE ADMINISTRATION." Nursing Clinics of North America 30, no. 4 (December 1995): 725–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-6465(22)00117-7.

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8

DAVIES, R. J., A. C. BAGNALL, R. N. McCABE, M. A. CALDERON, and J. H. WANG. "Antihistamines: topical vs oral administration." Clinical & Experimental Allergy 26 (May 1996): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00653.x.

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&NA;, &NA;. "Oral Medication Administration with RxMediBottle." Home Healthcare Nurse: The Journal for the Home Care and Hospice Professional 14, no. 6 (June 1996): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004045-199606000-00019.

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&NA;. "Oral cephalexin administration equals IV." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 753 (September 1990): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199007530-00036.

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Değim, I. Tuncer, Bülent Gümüşel, Zelihagül Değim, Tanju Özçelikay, Aydin Tay, and Şahika Güner. "Oral Administration of Liposomal Insulin." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6, no. 9 (September 1, 2006): 2945–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2006.416.

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There have been several attempts published in the literature related with orally effective insulin formulations, which are increasing in popularity. Some of the results indicate that it is possible to reduce blood glucose level by orally administered liposomal insulin formulations, but there is general need to understand the mechanism and effective components of the liposome formulations. In our study, liposomal insulin formulations were prepared using insulin (Humulin R) or protaminecontaining insulin (Humulin N) with cholesterol, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (egg) (DPPC)-cholesterol mixture, and mucoadhesive agent (methyl cellulose, MC)-added DPPC-cholesterol mixture. A tablet formulation of insulin was also prepared. Formulations of liposomal insulin were introduced to mice and rats orally and reduced blood glucose levels were observed. The composition of phospholipid (DPPC, cholesterol and MC mixture) was found to be quite effective in reducing blood glucose levels. The pH of the solution and the presence of the protamine sulfate were found to be important. The application site was also found to be important because liposomal insulin formulations administered through the mouth or esophagus resulted in reduced blood glucose levels. Reduced blood glucose levels were also observed when tablet formulations of insulin were administered to rats orally.

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von Schoultz, Bo. "Oestrogen therapy: Oralversusnon-oral administration." Gynecological Endocrinology 25, no. 9 (January 2009): 551–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09513590902836551.

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13

Birner, Ann. "Safe Administration of Oral Chemotherapy." Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing 7, no. 2 (March 1, 2003): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1188/03.cjon.158-162.

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14

Ward, Holly, and Erin E. Boh. "AN ALTERNATIVE TO ORAL ADMINISTRATION." Southern Medical Journal 92, Supplement (November 1999): S21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199911001-00032.

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Kósa, Dóra, Ágota Pető, Pálma Fehér, Miklós Vecsernyés, Ildikó Bácskay, and Zoltán Ujhelyi. "Challenges of Oral Protein Administration." Acta Pharmaceutica Hungarica 91, no. 3-4 (November 15, 2021): 262–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33892/aph.2021.91.262-263.

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Brooks, Benjamin Rix, Paolo Bettica, and Sara Cazzaniga. "Riluzole Oral Suspension: Bioavailability Following Percutaneous Gastrostomy Tube-modeled Administration Versus Direct Oral Administration." Clinical Therapeutics 41, no. 12 (December 2019): 2490–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.09.016.

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Prasad, G., K. Devika, P. Varshith, B. Shravani, E. Pavithra, and Ch Swathi. "Design and Optimizations of Aceclofenac Bioadhesive Extended Release Microspheres." Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology Research 4, no. 4 (December 3, 2021): 01–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2693-7247/055.

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The oral route for drug delivery is the most popular, desirable, and most preferred method for administrating therapeutically agents for systemic effects because it is a natural, convenient, and cost effective to manufacturing process. Oral route is the most commonly used route for drug administration. Although different route of administration are used for the delivery of drugs, oral route remain the preferred mode. Even for sustained release systems the oral route of administration has been investigated the most because of flexibility in designing dosage forms. Present controlled release drug delivery systems are for a maximum of 12 hours clinical effectiveness. Such systems are primarily used for the drugs with short elimination half life.

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18

Burrows, G. E., C. G. MacAllister, D. A. Beckstrom, and J. T. Nick. "Rifampin in the horse: Comparison of intravenous, intramuscular, and oral administrations." American Journal of Veterinary Research 46, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): 442–46. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1985.46.02.442.

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SUMMARY The plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetics of rifampin disposition were determined after a single iv, im, or oral dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight and an oral dose of 25 mg/kg. The overall elimination rate constants per minute were similar for the 10 mg/kg dose (0.0021 ± 0.0004, iv; 0.0017 ± 0.0002, im; and 0.0023 ± 0.0006, orally). The apparent bioavailability was moderate to low for im and oral administrations (59.8% ± 3.2% and 39.5% ± 5.0%, respectively). The rate of absorption was most rapid for oral administration with an absorption half-life of 249.7 ± 71.6 minutes as compared with 403.5 ± 89.7 minutes for im administration. However, the im route produced longer detectable plasma concentrations (50 hours in 2 of the 4 horses). Based on bacterial sensitivity information derived for human and canine isolates, the daily oral administration of 10 mg of rifampin/kg administered in the feed represents a reasonable dose for susceptible gram-positive bacterial pathogens. Higher doses (≥ 25 mg/kg) or iv administration would be required for most gram-negative bacteria. Adverse effects of sufficient severity to limit use of the drug, especially by the oral route of administration, were not encountered under the single-dose experimental conditions used.

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19

Perioli, Luana, Giuseppina D’Alba, and Cinzia Pagano. "New oral solid dosage form for furosemide oral administration." European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 80, no. 3 (April 2012): 621–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.12.011.

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20

Gao, Xiuqing, Lei Wu, Robert Y. L. Tsai, Jing Ma, Xiaohua Liu, Diana S. L. Chow, Dong Liang, and Huan Xie. "Pharmacokinetic Model Analysis of Supralingual, Oral and Intravenous Deliveries of Mycophenolic Acid." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 4 (April 17, 2021): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13040574.

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Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is commonly used for organ rejection prophylaxis via oral administration in the clinic. Recent studies have shown that MPA also has anticancer activities. To explore new therapeutic options for oral precancerous/cancerous lesions, MPA was designed to release topically on the dorsal tongue surface via a mucoadhesive patch. The objective of this study was to establish the pharmacokinetic (PK) and tongue tissue distribution of mucoadhesive MPA patch formulation after supralingual administration in rats and also compare the PK differences between oral, intravenous, and supralingual administration of MPA. Blood samples were collected from Sprague Dawley rats before and after a single intravenous bolus injection, a single oral dose, or a mucoadhesive patch administration on the dorsal tongue surface for 4 h, all with a dose of 0.5 mg/kg of MPA. Plots of MPA plasma concentration versus time were obtained. As multiple peaks were found in all three curves, the enterohepatic recycling (EHR) model in the Phoenix software was adapted to describe their PK parameters with an individual PK analysis method. The mean half-lives of intravenous and oral administrations were 10.5 h and 7.4 h, respectively. The estimated bioavailability after oral and supralingual administration was 72.4% and 7.6%, respectively. There was a 0.5 h lag-time presented after supralingual administration. The results suggest that the systemic plasma MPA concentrations were much lower in rats receiving supralingual administration compared to those receiving doses from the other two routes, and the amount of MPA accumulated in the tongue after patch application showed a sustained drug release pattern. Studies on the dynamic of drug retention in the tongue after supralingual administration showed that ~3.8% of the dose was accumulated inside of tongue right after the patch removal, ~0.11% of the dose remained after 20 h, and ~20.6% of MPA was not released from the patches 4 h after application. The data demonstrate that supralingual application of an MPA patch can deliver a high amount of drug at the site of administration with little systemic circulation exposure, hence lowering the potential gastrointestinal side effects associated with oral administration. Thus, supralingual administration is a potential alternative route for treating oral lesions.

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21

Quiñones, M., D. C. Dyer, W. A. Ware, and R. Mehvar. "Pharmacokinetics of atenolol in clinically normal cats." American Journal of Veterinary Research 57, no. 7 (July 1, 1996): 1050–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1996.57.07.1050.

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Abstract Objectives To determine the pharmacokinetics of atenolol (AT) after IV and oral administrations in cats, to assess duration of β-blocking effect, and to determine whether AT can be effectively used once per day. Animals 9 clinically normal cats. Procedure Single doses of 1 (IV) or 3 (oral) mg of AT/kg of body weight were administered to each cat on different occasions, and serial blood samples were collected. Plasma concentrations of AT were subsequently determined, using high-performance liquid chromatography. The plasma concentration data were analyzed, using noncompartmental analysis. An isoproterenol challenge test was used to determine the β-blocking effect of AT on heart rate after 3 consecutive days of oral treatment (3 mg/kg, once a day). Results After IV administration, mean ± SD apparent volume of distribution at steady state and systemic clearance values were 1,088 ± 148 ml/kg and 259 ± 72 ml/ h/kg, respectively. Bioavailability was 90 ± 9% after oral administration. The half-life values were 3.44 ± 0.5 and 3.66 ± 0.39 hours after IV and oral administrations, respectively. Compared with baseline values prior to AT administration, heart rates at 6 and 12 hours after administration of AT were significantly reduced. Conclusions AT has high oral bioavailability in cats, resulting in small interindividual variability in its kinetics in this species. The drug has β-blocking effect in cats, as indicated by the attenuated heart rate response to isoproterenol; this effect persists for at least 12 hours in clinically normal cats. (Am J Vet Res 1996;57:1050–1053)

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22

Afanasjeva, Janna. "Administration of Injectable Vitamin K Orally." Hospital Pharmacy 52, no. 9 (September 8, 2017): 645–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018578717729663.

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Background: Vitamin K, or phytonadione, is available in both injectable and oral formulations. Oral vitamin K is available as 5-mg tablets, but the key drawbacks for using vitamin K tablets consist of availability of only 1 dose strength and recent tripling of the product’s cost over a 2-year period. An interest exists for utilization of injectable vitamin K via oral route. Method: A literature search was performed on April 26, 2017, to identify any studies describing the use of injectable vitamin K for oral administration. The search involved PubMed and Embase and utilized various combinations of keywords vitamin K, phytonadione, IV, intravenous, injectable, and oral. The results were limited to studies that discussed oral administration of injectable vitamin K. The efficacy of the injectable preparation of vitamin K administered orally was explored in 6 studies and one cost-savings project. Results: Based on the available literature, the administration of injectable vitamin K via oral route is effective and safe. Injectable vitamin K for oral administration can be prepared as an undiluted solution or as a compounded solution. These 2 formulations have different beyond-use dates depending on ingredients used. Conclusion: Information on efficacy and stability of injectable vitamin K formulations prepared for oral administration provides an additional option for health care systems when vitamin K tablets are unavailable or cost-prohibitive to use.

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23

El-Komy, Ashraf, Taha Attia, Amera Abd El Latif, and Hanem Fathy. "Bioavailability pharmacokinetics and residues of marbofloxacin in normal and E.coli infected broiler chicken." International Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 4, no. 2 (August 21, 2016): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijpt.v4i2.6504.

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The pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin was studied following a single intravenous, oral administration in normal broiler chickens and repeated oral administrations in normal and experimentally E.coli infected broiler chickens. The pharmacokinetic parameters following a single intravenous injection of 2 mg/kg b.wt., revealed that marbofloxacin obeyed a two compartments open model, distribution half-life (t0.5(α)) was 0.25±0.02 h, volume of distribution (Vdss) was 0.76±0.08 L/kg, elimination half-life (t0.5(β)) was 5.43±0.87 h and total body clearance (CLtot) was 0.09±0.002 l/kg/h. Following a single oral administration, marbofloxacin was rapidly and efficiently absorbed through gastrointestinal tract of chickens as the absorption half-life (t0.5 (ab): 0.62±0.02 h). Maximum serum concentration (Cmax) was 1.15±0.01 μg/ml, reached its maximum time (tmax) at 2.53±0.04 h, elimination half-life (t0.5 (el)) was 7.36±0.20 h indicating the tendency of chickens to eliminate marbofloxacin in slow rate. Oral bioavailability was 73.57± 1.90 % indicating good absorption of marbofloxacin after oral administration. Serum concentrations of marbofloxacin following repeated oral administration of 2 mg/kg b.wt. once daily for five consecutive days, peaked 2 hours after each oral dose with lower significant values recorded in experimentally infected broiler chickens than in normal ones. Tissues residues of marbofloxacin in slaughtered normal chickens was highly in those tissues lung, liver, and kidneys in chickens and the chicken must not be slaughtered before 3 days of stopping of drug administration. It was concluded that the in- vitro protein binding was 12.33±0.82%.

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Alotaibi, Badriyah Shadid, Manal Buabeid, Nihal Abdalla Ibrahim, Zelal Jaber Kharaba, Munazza Ijaz, and Ghulam Murtaza. "Recent strategies driving oral biologic administration." Expert Review of Vaccines 20, no. 12 (October 21, 2021): 1587–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2021.1990044.

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Inoue, A. "Administration of oral health in industry." SANGYO EISEIGAKU ZASSHI 40, Special (1998): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1539/sangyoeisei.kj00001990443.

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26

Tomoyasu, Yumiko, Tatsuji Yasuda, Shigeru Maeda, Hitoshi Higuchi, and Takuya Miyawaki. "Liposome-encapsulated midazolam for oral administration." Journal of Liposome Research 21, no. 2 (August 4, 2010): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08982104.2010.498002.

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27

Butcher, Lola. "Working to Improve Oral Chemotherapy Administration." Oncology Times 36, no. 24 (December 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.cot.0000459933.36980.57.

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28

McConville, Jason T. "Current developments in oral drug administration." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 43, no. 5 (March 3, 2017): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2017.1290865.

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WEEKS, ANDREW, and ZARKO ALFIREVIC. "Oral Misoprostol Administration for Labor Induction." Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 49, no. 3 (September 2006): 658–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003081-200609000-00023.

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Belo, A. "Gastroprotective effects of oral nucleotide administration." Gut 55, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.2005.076752.

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31

&NA;. "Vaginal bromocriptine - advantages over oral administration." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 814 (November 1991): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199108140-00038.

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Yip, Luke, Richard C. Dart, and Katherine M. Hurlbut. "Intravenous administration of oral N-acetylcysteine." Critical Care Medicine 26, no. 1 (January 1998): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199801000-00014.

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Alffenaar, J. W. C., S. van Assen, J. G. R. de Monchy, D. R. A. Uges, J. G. W. Kosterink, and T. S. van der Werf. "Intravenous Voriconazole after Toxic Oral Administration." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 54, no. 6 (April 12, 2009): 2741–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01193-09.

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ABSTRACT In a male patient with rhinocerebral invasive aspergillosis, prolonged high-dosage oral administration of voriconazole led to hepatotoxicity combined with a severe cutaneous reaction while intravenous administration in the same patient did not. High concentrations in the portal blood precipitate liver enzyme abnormalities, and therefore, oral administration of voriconazole may have a hepatotoxicity profile different from that of intravenous (i.v.) administration. Intravenously administered voriconazole might still be an option after oral-voriconazole-induced toxicity has resolved.

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Brown, Cyndi. "Restraint and oral administration in frogs." Lab Animal 39, no. 9 (September 2010): 267–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/laban0910-267.

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SAUDAN, C., A. DESMARCHELIER, P. SOTTAS, P. MANGIN, and M. SAUGY. "Urinary marker of oral pregnenolone administration." Steroids 70, no. 3 (March 2005): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.steroids.2004.12.007.

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Costagliola, C., L. Mastropasqua, L. Steardo, and N. Testa. "Fluoxetine oral administration increases intraocular pressure." British Journal of Ophthalmology 80, no. 7 (July 1, 1996): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.80.7.678.

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SHARPLESS, N. "PLASMA PHYSOSTIGMINE CONCENTRATIONS AFTER ORAL ADMINISTRATION." Lancet 325, no. 8442 (June 1985): 1397–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(85)91827-6.

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Katyal, Ranjan, Buvana Desigan, Chhinder Pal Sodhi, and Sudarshan Ojha. "Oral aluminum administration and oxidative injury." Biological Trace Element Research 57, no. 2 (May 1997): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02778195.

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Devadathan, Sen, and Mark Gunning. "Atrial fibrillation following oral sumatriptan administration." International Journal of Cardiology 107, no. 1 (February 2006): 112–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.11.039.

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Meltzer, Andrew C., Scott Osborn, John Howell, Frederick Place, Derek A. T. Cummings, and Glenn Druckenbrod. "Administration of Oral Contrast in Triage." Journal of Emergency Medicine 37, no. 2 (August 2009): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2009.04.025.

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Oxman, Tatyana, Michal Shapira, Rodica Klein, Natalie Avazov, and Babeth Rabinowitz. "Oral Administration of Lactobacillus Induces Cardioprotection." Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 7, no. 4 (August 2001): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/107555301750463224.

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Katare, O. P., S. P. Vyas, and V. K. Dixit. "Proliposomes of indomethacin for oral administration." Journal of Microencapsulation 8, no. 1 (January 1991): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02652049109021852.

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MIYAZAKI, TOYO. "Cancer pain and the oral administration." Juntendo Medical Journal 38, no. 1 (1992): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.38.1.

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Hirooka, Noboru, Takanori Ohno, Masaki Misonoo, Chizuko Kobayashi, Hirotaka Musha, Hiroshi Mori, and Masao Ohto. "Sono-enterocolonography by oral water administration." Journal of Clinical Ultrasound 17, no. 8 (October 1989): 585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcu.1870170808.

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Bekerman, Tania, Jacob Golenser, and Abraham Domb. "Cyclosporin Nanoparticulate Lipospheres for Oral Administration." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 93, no. 5 (May 2004): 1264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jps.20057.

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Ren, An, Jiarui Hu, Changwei Qin, Neng Xia, Mengfei Yu, Xiaobin Xu, Huayong Yang, Min Han, Li Zhang, and Liang Ma. "Oral administration microrobots for drug delivery." Bioactive Materials 39 (September 2024): 163–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.05.005.

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47

Lauterslager, Tosca G. M., and Luuk A. T. Hilgers. "Efficacy of oral administration and oral intake of edible vaccines." Immunology Letters 84, no. 3 (December 2002): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-2478(02)00184-0.

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48

Takakura, Natsuko, Hiroyuki Wakabayashi, Hiroko Ishibashi, Susumu Teraguchi, Yoshitaka Tamura, Hideyo Yamaguchi, and Shigeru Abe. "Oral Lactoferrin Treatment of Experimental Oral Candidiasis in Mice." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 47, no. 8 (August 2003): 2619–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.47.8.2619-2623.2003.

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ABSTRACT We assessed the potential of lactoferrin (LF), a multifunctional milk protein, for treatment of oral candidiasis with immunosuppressed mice, which have local symptoms characteristic of oral thrush. Oral administration of bovine LF in drinking water starting 1 day before the infection significantly reduced the number of Candida albicans in the oral cavity and the score of lesions on the tongue on day 7 after the inoculation. The symptomatic effect of LF was confirmed by macroscopic and microscopic observations of the tongue's surface. Similar effects were also observed upon administration of LF pepsin hydrolysate, but not lactoferricin B, an antimicrobial peptide of LF. The anticandidal activity of LF was evident on administration either in drinking water or by intragastric intubation with a stomach tube. These results suggest that the effect of LF in this oral candidiasis model is not due to direct antifungal action. In conclusion, LF could have potential as a food component supporting antifungal drug treatment.

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Clemency, Brian M., Jeffrey J. Thompson, Gina N. Tundo, and Heather A. Lindstrom. "Prehospital High-dose Sublingual Nitroglycerin Rarely Causes Hypotension." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 28, no. 5 (August 21, 2013): 477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x13008777.

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AbstractIntroductionHigh-dose intravenous nitroglycerin is a common in-hospital treatment for respiratory distress due to congestive heart failure (CHF) with hypertension. Intravenous (IV) nitroglycerin administration is impractical in the prehospital setting. In 2011, a new regional Emergency Medical Services (EMS) protocol was introduced allowing advanced providers to treat CHF with high-dose oral nitroglycerin. The protocol calls for patients to be treated with two sublingual tabs (0.8 mg) when systolic blood pressure (SBP) was >160 mm Hg, or three sublingual tabs (1.2 mg) when SBP was >200 mm Hg, every five minutes as needed.Hypothesis/ProblemTo assess the protocol's safety, the incidence of hypotension following prehospital administration of multiple simultaneous nitroglycerin (MSN) tabs by EMS providers was studied.MethodsThis study was a retrospective cohort study of patients from a single commercial EMS agency over a 6-month period. Records from patients with at least one administration of MSN were reviewed. For each administration, the first documented vital signs pre- and post-administration were compared. Administrations were excluded if pre- or post-administration vital signs were missing.ResultsOne hundred case-patients had at least one MSN administration by an advanced provider during the study period. Twenty-five case-patients were excluded due to incomplete vital signs. Seventy-five case-patients with 95 individual MSN administrations were included for analysis. There were 65 administrations of two tabs, 29 administrations of three tabs, and one administration of four tabs. The mean change in SBP following MSN was -14.7 mm Hg (SD = 30.7; range, +59 to -132). Three administrations had documented systolic hypotension in the post-administration vital signs (97/71, 78/50 and 66/47). All three patients were over 65 years old, were administered two tabs, had documented improved respiratory status, and had repeat SBP of at least 100. The incidence of hypotension following MSN administration was 3.2%.DiscussionHigh-dose oral nitroglycerin administration is a practical alternative to IV nitroglycerin in the prehospital setting when administered by advanced providers. The prehospital protocol for high dose oral nitroglycerin was demonstrated to be safe in the cohort of patients studied. Limitations of the study include the relatively small sample size and the inability to identify hypotension that may have occurred following the cessation of data collection in the field.ConclusionHypotension was rare and self-limited in prehospital patients receiving MSN.ClemencyB, ThompsonJ, TundoG, LindstromH. Prehospital high-dose sublingual nitroglycerin rarely causes hypotension. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(5):1-4.

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Hidiroglou, M., and K. Karpinski. "Vitamin E kinetics in sheep." British Journal of Nutrition 58, no. 1 (July 1987): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19870075.

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1. Kinetics of physiological doses of D-α-[5-Me-3H]tocopherol(200 μCi) administered to twenty-four sheep were studied using one of four routes: intravenous, oral (capsules), intraruminal and intramuscular.2. Blood samples were withdrawn from the jugular vein periodically for 96 h after the intravenous and oral administrations, for 168 h after the intraruminal administration and for 216 h after the intramuscular administration.3. The study indicated that the biological availability of α-tocopherol followed the order intravenous > intramuscular > oral > intraruminal.4. The rate of elimination was in the order intravenous > oral > intraruminal ˜ intramuscular.5. The intravenous route was fitted with a three-compartment model, whereas the other routes exhibited a good fit for either a one- or two-compartment model.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Oral Administration'

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