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Journal articles on the topic 'Oral cancer diagnosis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 8 September 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Fanaras, Nikolaos, and Saman Warnakulasuriya. "Oral Cancer Diagnosis in Primary Care." Primary Dental Journal 5, no. 1 (February 2016): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/205016841600500108.

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The incidence of oral cancer in the UK is rising, with approximately 7,300 new cases diagnosed in 2012. The number of oral cancer cases in the UK has risen by more than a quarter in the last decade. Mouth cancer is within the ten most common cancers encountered among men in the UK. Primary care practitioners, both in a dental and medical setting, have a role in the early diagnosis of oral malignancy, and in providing patients with information regarding risk factors such as smoking, alcohol and betel quid use. The purpose of this paper is to present the epidemiology and risk factors related to oral cancer and particularly review the literature regarding the level of awareness and practice in primary care as recorded in relevant research.

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Zheng, Weiping, Qihui Zhou, and Changqing Yuan. "Nanoparticles for Oral Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2021 (April 23, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9977131.

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Oral cancer is the sixth most common malignant cancer, affecting the health of people with an unacceptably high mortality rate. Despite numerous clinical methods in the diagnosis and therapy of oral cancer (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, surgery, and chemoradiotherapy), they still remain far from optimal. Therefore, an urgent need exists for effective and practical techniques of early diagnosis and effective therapy of oral cancer. Currently, various types of nanoparticles have aroused wide public concern, representing a promising tool for diagnostic probes and therapeutic devices. Their inherent physicochemical features, including ultrasmall size, high reactivity, and tunable surface modification, enable them to overcome some of the limitations and achieve the expected diagnostic and therapeutic effect. In this review, we introduce different types of nanoparticles that emerged for the diagnosis and therapy of oral cancers. Then, the challenges and future perspectives for nanoparticles applied in oral cancer diagnosis and therapy are presented. The objective of this review is to help researchers better understand the effect of nanoparticles on oral cancer diagnosis and therapy and may accelerate breakthroughs in this field.

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3

Baykul, T., HH Yilmaz, Ü. Aydin, MA Aydin, MÇ Aksoy, and D. Yildirim. "Early Diagnosis of Oral Cancer." Journal of International Medical Research 38, no. 3 (June 2010): 737–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147323001003800302.

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4

Varela-Centelles, P., P. Castelo-Baz, and J. Seoane-Romero. "Oral cancer: Early/delayed diagnosis." British Dental Journal 222, no. 9 (May 2017): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2017.380.

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Siegel, Michael A., Michael A. Kahn, and Mitzi J. Palazzolo. "Oral Cancer: A Prosthodontic Diagnosis." Journal of Prosthodontics 18, no. 1 (January 2009): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-849x.2008.00373.x.

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6

Silverman, Sol. "Early diagnosis of oral cancer." Cancer 62, S1 (October 15, 1988): 1796–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19881015)62:1+<1796::aid-cncr2820621319>3.0.co;2-e.

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7

Din, Nazia. "Oral Cancer Routes to Diagnosis." British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 57, no. 10 (December 2019): e13-e14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2019.10.030.

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Tomo, Saygo, Marlene Cabral Coimbra Cruz, Karina Gonzales Camara Fernandes, Mônica Kina, Nagib Pezati Boer, and Luciana Estevam Simonato. "Oral Lesions Diagnosed during Oral Cancer Prevention Campaign in Fernandópolis, Brazil, 2015." World Journal of Dentistry 6, no. 3 (2015): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1329.

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ABSTRACT Background To describe oral lesions diagnosed during oral cancer prevention campaign performed in Fernandópolis, Brazil, in 2015. Materials and methods Patients who attended for the Basic Health Units of the city of Fernandópolis on the day of the campaign were examined by dental surgeons who searched for oral lesions clinically suggestive for oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or potentially malignant lesions. Final diagnosis was obtained by a re-evaluation of patients with suspicious lesions performed by an expert in oral diseases. Results Seven hundred and sixty-two patients were examined during the campaign; although 96 (12.59%) presented with oral suspicious lesions and forwarded for re-evaluation, only 72 (9.44%) attended for re-evaluation and got the final diagnosis. Among re-evaluated patients, only 1 (1.38%) was diagnosed with oral SCC, whereas 56 (77.77%) were diagnosed with oral benign lesions, and 19 (26.38%) were diagnosed with oral normality variations. Conclusion Oral cancer low diagnosis rate detected during this campaign might be attributed to lacks on oral cancer prevention campaign methodologies, which clearly needs to be improved aiming to reach patients in real risk for oral cancer development. Furthermore, oral benign lesions diagnosis among patients forwarded with suspicious lesions rates suggests a lack on dental surgeons’ knowledge regarding oral cancer. How to cite this article Tomo S, Cruz MCC, Fernandes KGC, Kina M, Boer NP, Simonato LE. Oral Lesions Diagnosed during Oral Cancer Prevention Campaign in Fernandópolis, Brazil, 2015. World J Dent 2015;6(3):138-142.

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9

Wang, Rong, and Yong Wang. "Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in Oral Cancer Diagnosis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 3 (January 26, 2021): 1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031206.

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Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Despite easy access to the oral cavity and significant advances in treatment, the morbidity and mortality rates for oral cancer patients are still very high, mainly due to late-stage diagnosis when treatment is less successful. Oral cancer has also been found to be the most expensive cancer to treat in the United States. Early diagnosis of oral cancer can significantly improve patient survival rate and reduce medical costs. There is an urgent unmet need for an accurate and sensitive molecular-based diagnostic tool for early oral cancer detection. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has gained increasing attention in cancer research due to its ability to elucidate qualitative and quantitative information of biochemical content and molecular-level structural changes in complex biological systems. The diagnosis of a disease is based on biochemical changes underlying the disease pathology rather than morphological changes of the tissue. It is a versatile method that can work with tissues, cells, or body fluids. In this review article, we aim to summarize the studies of infrared spectroscopy in oral cancer research and detection. It provides early evidence to support the potential application of infrared spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool for oral potentially malignant and malignant lesions. The challenges and opportunities in clinical translation are also discussed.

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10

Markopoulos, Anastasios K., Evangelia Z. Michailidou, and Georgios Tzimagiorgis. "Salivary Markers for Oral Cancer Detection." Open Dentistry Journal 4, no. 1 (August 27, 2010): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601004010172.

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Oral cancer refers to all malignancies that arise in the oral cavity, lips and pharynx, with 90% of all oral cancers being oral squamous cell carcinoma. Despite the recent treatment advances, oral cancer is reported as having one of the highest mortality ratios amongst other malignancies and this can much be attributed to the late diagnosis of the disease. Saliva has long been tested as a valuable tool for drug monitoring and the diagnosis systemic diseases among which oral cancer. The new emerging technologies in molecular biology have enabled the discovery of new molecular markers (DNA, RNA and protein markers) for oral cancer diagnosis and surveillance which are discussed in the current review.

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11

RIBEIRO, Isabella Lima Arrais, Johnys Berton Medeiros da NÓBREGA, Ana Maria Gondim VALENÇA, and Ricardo Dias de CASTRO. "Predictors for oral cancer in Brazil." Revista de Odontologia da UNESP 46, no. 6 (November 21, 2017): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.06117.

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Abstract Introduction The incidence of lip, oral cavity and oropharynx cancer in Brazil is one of the highest worldwide. Objective This study aimed to identify predictors for oral cancer in Brazil between 2010 and 2013. Method Through a time series study in which 14,959 primary head and neck cancer diagnoses were evaluated. The variables of interest were gender, age, race, education level, family history of cancer, alcohol consumption, smoking, and previous cancer diagnosis. The outcome variable was divided into “oral cancer” and “cancer of other head and neck regions.” The data were analysed by multiple binary logistic regression; α=5%. Result The protective factor was: approximately 12 years of education (OR = 0.85). The risk factors were: being an ex-consumer (OR=1.19) or consumer (OR=1.11) of alcohol, tobacco use (OR=1.35) and a prior diagnosis of cancer that went untreated (OR=1.21). Conclusion Was concluded that the oral cancer had the following predictors compared to other types of head and neck cancer during the same period: approximately 12 years of education (protective factor) and ex-consumer or consumer of alcohol, smoking and previous diagnosis of cancer that went untreated (risk factors).

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12

Jyothi S., Kumar. "ADVANCES IN DIAGNOSIS OF ORAL CANCER." annals and essences of dentistry 4, no. 2 (April 12, 2012): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5368/aedj.2012.4.2.4.6.

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13

O’Sullivan, Eleanor. "Improving early diagnosis of oral cancer." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 62, no. 1 (January 2004): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2003.10.004.

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14

Myers, Eugene N. "Oral Cancer: Diagnosis, Management, and Rehabilitation." Laryngoscope 118, no. 6 (June 2008): 1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mlg.0b013e31816902cd.

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15

Truelson, John M. "Oral Cancer: Diagnosis, Management, and Rehabilitation." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 121, no. 2 (February 2008): 673–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000307725.05814.ae.

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16

Silva, Dilhani. "Oral cancer: diagnosis, treatment and prevention." Dental Nursing 6, no. 2 (February 2010): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denn.2010.6.2.46234.

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17

Remmerbach, Torsten W., Falk Wottawah, Julia Dietrich, Bryan Lincoln, Christian Wittekind, and Jochen Guck. "Oral Cancer Diagnosis by Mechanical Phenotyping." Cancer Research 69, no. 5 (February 17, 2009): 1728–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4073.

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18

Sargenti Neto, Sergio, Luiz Fernando Barbosa de Paulo, and Roberta Rezende Rosa. "Oral paracoccidioidomycosis as a differential diagnosis of oral cancer." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 45, no. 6 (December 2012): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822012000600026.

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19

Hamakawa, Hiroyuki. "Genetic Diagnosis of Oral Cancer (From Diagnosis to Therapy)." Journal of Hard Tissue Biology 14, no. 2 (2005): 163–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2485/jhtb.14.163.

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20

Philip, Phinse Mappalakayil, and Srinivasan Kannan. "Patient and Diagnostic Intervals in Oral Cancer." Social Science Protocols 2 (December 3, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7565/ssp.2019.2670.

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Background: Oral cancer is an important public health problem in Southeast Asian countries. Generally, cases are reported in advanced stages, resulting in prolonged treatment, high financial burden, and poor prognosis. When diagnosed early, treatment is simple and inexpensive. Materials and Methods: A sequential explanatory study design, cross-sectional survey followed by in-depth interviews, will be used to assess various factors contributing to the patient and diagnostic intervals in oral cancer. At the outset, Data collection tools will be developed and validated. The study protocol is designed as per the "Aarhus statement" for early diagnosis research. In-depth interviews with selected stakeholders and review of documents related to cancer control will constitute the explanatory component of the study design. Discussion: Primary prevention helps in reducing cancer incidence whereas secondary prevention helps in reducing morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis is a key secondary prevention strategy. Research on early diagnosis of cancer in general and oral cancer, in particular, is scarce. In this regard, a comprehensive and thorough evaluation of various factors facilitates or impede early oral cancer symptom presentation will help in designing policies and programs to promote early diagnosis of oral cancer.

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21

Ishan Prabhakar. "Screening for Oral Cancer: A Review." International Healthcare Research Journal 2, no. 5 (August 10, 2018): 108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26440/ihrj/02_05/188.

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Oral cancer is a common disease which affects individuals of mainly the older age group. If diagnosed at later stages, the prognosis is poor. In this review, the various techniques for diagnosis of oral cancer such as screening of the patient by conventional oral examination, supravital staining, visual adjunctive aids, biopsy etc. have been discussed. The traditional treatments include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Newer modalities include gene therapy, immunotherapy, etc. have proven to be successful to some extent. Thorough knowledge of the disease and timely diagnosis by the dental professional can prevent metastasis.

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22

Nandra, Sukbir, and Oluwatoyin Aiyegbusi. "Fear Factor: Anxiety - a Cause of Delayed Presentation of Oral Cancer." Dental Update 47, no. 2 (February 2, 2020): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denu.2020.47.2.121.

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If oral cancer is diagnosed at an advanced stage, 5-year survival prognosis can be particularly poor. The existing literature indicates that patient anxiety is a contributing factor to patient delay in oral cancer diagnosis. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article explores the causes of delay in oral cancer diagnosis and encourages practitioners to play an active role in the early diagnosis of oral cancer. Practitioners should appreciate the need to take a holistic approach to patient management and understand that treatment of patients must be tailored to account for their general or specific anxiety issues.

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23

Chandak, Rakhi, Manoj Chandak, Pranali Thakare, Ramhari Sathawane, Swapnil Mohod, Runal Bansod, Pranada Deshmukh, and Zareesh Akhtar. "Trending Breakthroughs in the Advances of Detection of Oral Premalignant and Malignant Lesions - A Review." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 28 (July 12, 2021): 2122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/433.

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Oral cancer is the sixth most common malignant tumour, and it is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality due to its capacity to spread and invade. Oral cancer occurs at a different rate in different areas of the world, ranging from 2 to 10 per 100,000 people each year. Oral cancer is prevalent in South Asian nations such as Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. In India, the frequency is 7-17 per 100,000 people each year, with 75,000 - 80,000 new cases per year. Identifying oral cancer in its early stages has a significant impact on survival rates when compared to detecting it later. Despite this, almost half of all diagnosed patients die within five years. A variety of well-established cancer screening programmes have been demonstrated to lower the patient morbidity and mortality dramatically. Regular check-ups, which include a thorough inspection of the whole mouth, are critical for detecting malignant and pre-cancerous problems early on. Unfortunately, early detection of oral precancerous and cancerous lesions has proved difficult due to the lesions' asymptomatic nature, doctors' casual approach to benign lesions, and the fact that 50 % of patients had regional or distant metastases at the time of diagnosis. Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers that leads to defacement and death. Despite recent advancements in therapeutic modalities, the prognosis has not improved. Patient’s mortality rates are positively associated with the point of presentation, with 60 % of people diagnosed with late-stage illness. Early diagnosis is important for oral cancer patient’s survival rate, as it decreases morbidity and mortality. According to the World Health Organization, the bulk of oral cancer patients are diagnosed late in the disease's progression, with a mediocre 5 - year survival rate of 50 %. As a result, careful treatment of oral cancer necessitates early diagnosis and intervention. Surgical biopsy is the gold standard for medical purposes, but it requires clinical assistance. Other screening methods that are simple to use, non-invasive, and expensive are the norms for any test to be accepted as a histopathology choice. The older cancer diagnosis modalities took longer, had more inter-observer bias, and were less descriptive. A standard oral examination with digital palpation is used in traditional techniques of screening for oral possibly malignant illnesses and oral cancers. Conventional inspection has been shown to be a poor discriminator of oral mucosal lesions. A variety of visual aids have been developed to help clinicians spot anomalies in the oral mucosa and in recent years, scientific and clinical developments have aided in the early detection and treatment of this disease. This review reflects on some of the older diagnostic modalities and screening methods for oral cancer diagnosis, as well as some of the recent more sophisticated techniques. KEY WORDS Diagnostic Aids, Oral Cancer, Premalignant Lesions

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24

Steele, C., and E. J. Shillitoe. "Viruses and Oral Cancer." Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 2, no. 2 (April 1991): 153–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10454411910020020201.

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Oral cancer is a disease with a complex etiology. There is evidence for important roles of smoking, drinking, and genetic susceptibility, as well as strong indications that DNA viruses could be involved. The herpes simplex virus type I has been associated with oral cancer by serological studies, and animal models and in vitro systems have demonstrated that it is capable of inducing oral cancer. Papillomaviruses are found in many oral cancers and are also capable of transforming cells to a malignant phenotype. However, both virus groups depend on co-factors for their carcinogenic effects. Future research on viruses and oral cancer is expected to clarify the role of these viruses, and this will lead to improvements in diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

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Ribeiro, Isabella Lima Arrais, Júlia Julliêta de Medeiros, Larycia Vicente Rodrigues, Ana Maria Gondim Valença, and Eufrásio de Andrade Lima Neto. "Factors associated with lip and oral cavity cancer." Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia 18, no. 3 (September 2015): 618–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-5497201500030008.

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PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify factors associated with the occurrence of primary cancer of the lip and oral cavity regions compared to other types of head and neck cancers according to demographic, socioeconomic data and lifestyle, in Brazil, from 2000 to 2011. METHODS: A study was conducted using Hospital Cancer Records (Instituto Nacional do Câncer), from 2000 to 2011, totaling 23,153 cases. Data were analyzed by binary logistic regression (response category: primary cancers located in the lip and oral cavity; comparison category; other types of primary cancer in the head and neck, which does not affect the lip and oral cavity) at a significance level α = 5%. RESULTS: The study showed factors associated with higher incidence of cancer in the lip and oral cavity: being of advanced age (OR = 1.16), not having a family history of cancer (OR = 2.38), alcohol consumption (OR = 1.17); former tobacco use (OR = 1.51) or current tobacco use (OR = 1.65); having a previous diagnosis of cancer without treatment (OR =1.66). Being female (OR = 0.92), having completed basic (OR = 0.71) and higher (OR = 0.46) education and having previous diagnosis of cancer with treatment (OR = 0.74) constituted factors associated with lower prevalence of cancer of the lip and oral cavity. CONCLUSION: Age, absence of family history of cancer, smoking habits and alcohol consumption, and previous diagnosis of cancer without treatment were associated with a higher incidence of cancer of the lip and oral cavity.

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Vinall, P., and J. M. Wright. "Early Diagnosis of Oral Cancer: Dentists, Oral Pathologists Working Together." MD Conference Express 14, no. 38 (November 1, 2014): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155989771438009.

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27

Lenouvel, Daniel, and Saman Warnakulasuriya. "Early Detection of Oral Cancer." Primary Dental Journal 5, no. 1 (February 2016): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/205016841600500107.

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Oral cancer continues to present in the late stages of disease, with approximately 50% of cases being diagnosed with advanced disease. Early detection means less invasive treatment, a higher quality of life and ultimately an increased survival of disease. Oral cancer may develop in patients with pre-existing disorders that can be detected during routine mouth examinations.1 Late diagnosis leads to complex and costly treatment with poor outcomes.2 This article will examine the latest data on oral cancer in the UK and how the dental team should be involved in the early detection of disease.

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Priya, M., and Diksha Singh. "Early Diagnosis of Oral Cancer: A Review." Indian Journal of Mednodent and Allied Sciences 2, no. 2 (2014): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2347-6206.2014.00008.9.

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29

Hewett, Julie. "Oral cancer: diagnosis, management and nursing care." Cancer Nursing Practice 8, no. 10 (December 4, 2009): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/cnp2009.12.8.10.28.c7427.

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Remmerbach, T. W., J. Guck, and J. Käs. "O33. Oral cancer diagnosis by mechanical phenotyping." Oral Oncology 47 (July 2011): S39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.06.144.

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Borse, Vivek, Aditya Narayan Konwar, and Pronamika Buragohain. "Oral cancer diagnosis and perspectives in India." Sensors International 1 (2020): 100046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sintl.2020.100046.

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32

Bramley, P. A., and C. J. Smith. "Oral cancer and precancer: establishing a diagnosis." British Dental Journal 168, no. 3 (February 1990): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4807095.

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Schnetler, J. F. C. "Oral cancer diagnosis and delays in referral." British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 30, no. 4 (August 1992): 210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-4356(92)90262-h.

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34

Tomo, Saygo, Angela Maria Laurindo Armelin, Ana Carolina Punhagui Hernandes, Glauco Issamu Miyahara, Taís Cristina Nascimento Marques, and Luciana Estevam Simonato. "Oral lesions detected during a population screening for prevention and early diagnosis of oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders." Revista da Faculdade de Odontologia - UPF 24, no. 3 (April 28, 2020): 350–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5335/rfo.v24i3.9818.

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Objective: In this paper, we describe the results of an oral cancer prevention campaign for early detecting and diagnosing oral cancer and potentially malignant disorder. Subjects and method: The population screening was performed in one day in which population was recruited by local mass media communication means. Patients with suspicious lesions were referred for final diagnosis with a specialist in oral medicine andpathology. Results: Of 1.282 patients screened, 104 were referred for specialized care and 94 attended forfinal diagnosis. Of those, only one (1.06%) patient was diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma and25 (26.5%) with oral potentially malignant disorders, while the diagnosis rates for benign conditions andnormality variations were, respectively, 78.7% and 32.9%. Conclusion: These results suggest low awarenessregarding oral cancer within this population, flaws in the knowledge regarding oral cancer by dentists, andthe need for improvements in the access to the at-risk population for oral cancer.

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Savita Sharma. "Oral Cancer and HPV Connection: A Review." International Healthcare Research Journal 1, no. 8 (November 10, 2017): 240–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26440/ihrj/01_08/122.

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HPV is the leading cause of oropharyngeal cancers and a few oral cavity cancers with increasing mortality across the globe. The risk factors for oral cancer are well known. Factors like tobacco chewing, smoking, alcohol consumption and actinic radiation have been extensively studied and clinically validated. However , Recently HPV has been shown to be a significant risk factor for oral and oropharyngeal cancers. The HPV family contains around 200 strains but it is important to note that only nine out of them are high risk and associated with cancers. Amongst them HPV16 is most strongly related with oral cancer. HPV associated cancers are different from cancers originating from other etiologies and thus , require a novel multidisciplinary treatment approach. The article is a review of Molecular Biology , Risk Factors ,Clinical aspects ,Diagnosis ,and Treatment of HPV associated Oral cancer .

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Chattopadhyay, Indranil, Mukesh Verma, and Madhusmita Panda. "Role of Oral Microbiome Signatures in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Oral Cancer." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 18 (January 1, 2019): 153303381986735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533033819867354.

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Despite advancement in cancer treatment, oral cancer has a poor prognosis and is often detected at late stage. To overcome these challenges, investigators should search for early diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. More than 700 bacterial species reside in the oral cavity. The oral microbiome population varies by saliva and different habitats of oral cavity. Tobacco, alcohol, and betel nut, which are causative factors of oral cancer, may alter the oral microbiome composition. Both pathogenic and commensal strains of bacteria have significantly contributed to oral cancer. Numerous bacterial species in the oral cavity are involved in chronic inflammation that lead to development of oral carcinogenesis. Bacterial products and its metabolic by-products may induce permanent genetic alterations in epithelial cells of the host that drive proliferation and/or survival of epithelial cells. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum induce production of inflammatory cytokines, cell proliferation, and inhibition of apoptosis, cellular invasion, and migration thorough host cell genomic alterations. Recent advancement in metagenomic technologies may be useful in identifying oral cancer–related microbiome, their genomes, virulence properties, and their interaction with host immunity. It is very important to address which bacterial species is responsible for driving oral carcinogenesis. Alteration in the oral commensal microbial communities have potential application as a diagnostic tool to predict oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clinicians should be aware that the protective properties of the resident microflora are beneficial to define treatment strategies. To develop highly precise and effective therapeutic approaches, identification of specific oral microbiomes may be required. In this review, we narrate the role of microbiome in the progression of oral cancer and its role as an early diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for oral cancer.

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Smith, Derek, Emily Castellanos, and Barbara A. Murphy. "Impact of cancer therapy on oral care utilization." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e18010-e18010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e18010.

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e18010 Background: Cancer therapy can result in lifelong detrimental changes to oral function. These changes often result in negative effects on patients' quality of life. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate attendance at dental visits among patients receiving a cancer diagnosis, and how attendance may change as patients move through pre-diagnosis, diagnosis and into survivorship. Methods: The Health and Retirement Study is a publically available dataset containing longitudinal survey data detailing financial and health information on 4195 patients, over 51 years old who received a new cancer diagnosis during the study. The odds of reporting a dental visit were examined as patients proceed through various phases of cancer therapy using a mixed-effects logistic regression model. A propensity score weighted analysis of the association between dental attendance in the survey wave in which the cancer was diagnosed and survival was also undertaken. Results: The odds of attending a dental visit were substantially lower in the diagnosis wave OR = 0.784 (0.700, 0.876) and the post-diagnosis waves OR = 0.734 (0.655, 0.823) compared to pre-diagnosis waves. This effect persisted in patients who survived for at least two years indicating that the decline in oral health visits was not due to extremely low expected survival. The decrease in oral health visits was not affected by age, race, gender, income, insurance coverage or education. After propensity score weighting, patients who attended a dental visit in their diagnosis wave demonstrated a reduced hazard of all-cause mortality HR = 0.825 (0.681, 0.979) compared with those with no attendance. Conclusions: Dental attendance decreases by a statistically and clinically significant amount both during and after cancer therapy despite indications for dental referral existing for many types of cancer therapy. Attendance at dental appointments during cancer therapy is associated with improved survival, which is likely due to a combination of direct and indirect effects. The fact that the decreases in care were not modified by socioeconomic factors suggests that it is not driven by strictly financial concerns and more research is necessary to identify barriers to adequate care.

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Abati, Silvio, Chiara Bramati, Stefano Bondi, Alessandra Lissoni, and Matteo Trimarchi. "Oral Cancer and Precancer: A Narrative Review on the Relevance of Early Diagnosis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 8, 2020): 9160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249160.

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Oral cancer (OC) is an uncommon malignancy in Western countries, being one of the most common cancers in some high-risk areas of the world. It is a largely preventable cancer, since most of the different risk factors identified, such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and betel nut chewing, are behaviors that increase the likelihood of the disease. Given its high mortality, early diagnosis is of utmost importance. Prevention and the anticipation of diagnosis begin with identification of potentially malignant lesions of the oral mucosa and with local conditions promoting chronic inflammation. Therefore, every lesion must be recognized promptly and treated adequately. The clinical recognition and evaluation of oral mucosal lesions can detect up to 99% of oral cancers/premalignancies. As stated by the World Health Organization, any suspicious lesion that does not subside within two weeks from detection and removal of local causes of irritation must be biopsied. Surgical biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis of oral cancer. Adjunctive tools have been developed and studied to help clinicians in the diagnostic pathway, such as toluidine blue vital staining and autofluorescence imaging. In the near future other methods, i.e., identification of salivary markers of progression may help in reducing mortality due to oral cancer.

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Estevinho, Fernanda, Margarida Gouveia, Marta Costa, Sara Moura, João Sérgio Neves, Domingos Paulo-Subtil, Jorge Marinho, and João Leite-Moreira. "Early detection of oral cancer in Portugal: The experience of UMEMD." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e13039-e13039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e13039.

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e13039 Background: Oral and pharyngeal cancer is the 11th most common malignancy worldwide. Although the oral cavity is a potentially accessible site for examination, up to 50% of oral cancers are detected at advanced stage. The Mobile Unit of Stomatology and Dental Medicine (UMEMD) of the Portuguese League Against Cancer (LPCC) and of the Portuguese Association of Hospital Dental Medicine (APMDH) has developed oral cancer early diagnosis consultations. This consultations were performed by a team of 50 doctors specialized in oral cancer diagnosis. Once a month the team of UMEMD went to a different region of the North of Portugal. Early oral cancer diagnosis consultations were also performed twice a week at the Portuguese League Against Cancer at Oporto.We present the experience of UMEMD in the early diagnosis consultation of oral cancer, since its foundation in August 2012 until the end of 2016. Methods: We performed a retrospective evaluation of medical records of patients observed in the early diagnosis consultation of oral cancer of UMEMD between August 2012 and December 2016. We assessed the demographic characteristics, risk factors, cancer history, likely diagnosis and the referral of patients. Results: 6,231 new patients were observed; median age of patients was 63 years-old [1;102], 93 patients were younger than 18 years-old. There was information about smoking habits of the majority of patients n = 4,521(72.6%): 597(9.6%) were smokers and 653(10.5%) former smokers. 228 (3.6%) patients had previous cancer. We detected: 963 lesions (15.5%); the majority of the lesions were at the tongue n = 263 (4.2%).The patients with suspicious lesions (n = 638; 10.2%) were referred to: Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Oporto: n = 146 (2.3%); Faculty of Dental Medicine of the University of Oporto: n = 353 (5.7%); Physicians at other hospitals: n = 139 (2.2%). Conclusions: Consultations for oral cancer early diagnosis performed by an experienced team has enabled the detection of suspicious lesions in 10.2% of the patients. Cooperation with other institutions, through protocols, allowed the referral and early treatment of these patients.

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Bsoul, Samer A., Geza T. Terezhalmy, and Michaell A. Huber. "Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tissues: A Comprehensive Review for Oral Healthcare Providers." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 6, no. 4 (2005): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-6-4-1.

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Abstract North Americans in 2004 were projected to die from oral and pharyngeal cancer at a rate of 1.2 per hour. Oral healthcare providers can be instrumental in reducing the incidence of oral and pharyngeal premalignant and malignant lesions by identifying patients with high-risk behavior, educating their patients about the consequences of their high-risk behavior, and by early detection of premalignant and malignant conditions. The fact only 34% of the cancers of the oral cavity and larynx are localized at the time of diagnosis and evidence that at least one third of the patients diagnosed with an oral or pharyngeal malignancy have undergone oral cancer screening within the past three years suggests the current protocol for the early detection of pre-malignant or malignant changes appears to be deficient. To facilitate early diagnosis, oral healthcare providers must take into consideration the capriciousness of oral cancer and must be familiar with the availability and application of diagnostic modalities beyond conventional visual inspection and palpation of oral soft tissues. This article provides a comprehensive review of the disease for healthcare professionals. Citation Bsoul SA, Huber MA, Terezhalmy GT. Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tissues: A Comprehensive Review for Oral Healthcare Providers J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 November;(6)4:001-016.

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Tango, Estela Kaminagakura, Celso Muller Bandeira, Adriana Ávila De Almeida, Celina Faig Lima Carta, and Janete Dias Almeida. "How to improve the early diagnosis of oral cancer?" Brazilian Dental Science 20, no. 4 (December 15, 2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2017.v20i4.1439.

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<p> </p><p><strong>Purpose</strong>: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignant neoplasms, with 300,000 new cases annually diagnosed in the world. Although it appears in the fifth position among men in Brazil, late diagnosis continues to be a leading cause of poor prognosis. We reviewed the literature to evaluate factors that contribute to diagnostic delay in oral cancer considering aspects related to the patient, health team and public health system. <strong>Material</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Methods</strong>: The Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science and Embase databases were searched in the last 5 years using the following MeSH descriptors: carcinoma, squamous cell; mouth neoplasms; delayed diagnosis. The articles should contain in their objectives factors contributing to the delayed diagnosis of OSCC related to the patient, healthcare professionals and public health system in general. <strong>Results</strong>: One hundred twenty articles were retrieved and 27 on the delayed diagnosis of oral cancer were eligible. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The literature showed that the delay in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with oral cancer could be minimized by providing health information, particularly about risk factors, by improving the training and retraining of physicians and dentists and by improving access to the health system. The communication technologies such as telemedicine, can play a key role in the early diagnosis of oral cancer.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Carcinoma; Squamous Cell; Mouth Neoplasms; Delayed Diagnosis.</p>

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Sah, Dr Rajesh, and Dr Mahmuda Akhter. "Oral Cancer Senario in Multiple Centers of Dhaka, Bangladesh." International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science 5, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 572–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol05-i11/1009.

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Oral cancer is one of the common cancers worldwide and in Bangladesh around 7000 cases are diagnosed yearly. It has variable demographics and patient comes to hospital with different presentations. It is mandatory to know the characteristics of the disease so that better awareness and different treatment modalities can be planned. 162 patients with histopathological diagnosis of oral cancer was include in study by consecutive sampling and characteristics of disease was recorded in scientific data collection sheet which was later analyzed by SPSS and result was presented in table, graph and chart form. Incidence of oral cancer is 56.2% in female, in 59.9% cases buccal mucosa is involved in which 90.1% is squamous cell carcinoma. In Conclusion squamous cell carcinoma is most common oral cancer mainly occurs in buccal mucosa of female, in grade I and stage iii majority of patient present in tertiary centers of Dhaka.

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Ilhan, B., K. Lin, P. Guneri, and P. Wilder-Smith. "Improving Oral Cancer Outcomes with Imaging and Artificial Intelligence." Journal of Dental Research 99, no. 3 (February 20, 2020): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034520902128.

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Early diagnosis is the most important determinant of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) outcomes, yet most of these cancers are detected late, when outcomes are poor. Typically, nonspecialists such as dentists screen for oral cancer risk, and then they refer high-risk patients to specialists for biopsy-based diagnosis. Because the clinical appearance of oral mucosal lesions is not an adequate indicator of their diagnosis, status, or risk level, this initial triage process is inaccurate, with poor sensitivity and specificity. The objective of this study is to provide an overview of emerging optical imaging modalities and novel artificial intelligence–based approaches, as well as to evaluate their individual and combined utility and implications for improving oral cancer detection and outcomes. The principles of image-based approaches to detecting oral cancer are placed within the context of clinical needs and parameters. A brief overview of artificial intelligence approaches and algorithms is presented, and studies that use these 2 approaches singly and together are cited and evaluated. In recent years, a range of novel imaging modalities has been investigated for their applicability to improving oral cancer outcomes, yet none of them have found widespread adoption or significantly affected clinical practice or outcomes. Artificial intelligence approaches are beginning to have considerable impact in improving diagnostic accuracy in some fields of medicine, but to date, only limited studies apply to oral cancer. These studies demonstrate that artificial intelligence approaches combined with imaging can have considerable impact on oral cancer outcomes, with applications ranging from low-cost screening with smartphone-based probes to algorithm-guided detection of oral lesion heterogeneity and margins using optical coherence tomography. Combined imaging and artificial intelligence approaches can improve oral cancer outcomes through improved detection and diagnosis.

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Saxena, S., M. Kaur, YP Samantha, G. Chawla, and G. Yadav. "Usefulness of Oral Exfoliative Cytology in Dental Practice." Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry 7, no. 3 (2013): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/johcd-7-3-161.

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ABSTRACT Early detection of oral cancers is not easy, because oral precancerous lesions and early oral cancers can mimic many benign conditions in the mouth, leading to delays in diagnosis and treatment. There is a need to emphasize the early diagnosis of oral cancers in order to reduce the unacceptably high morbidity and mortality. Oral exfoliative cytology can be a powerful tool for early detection of malignant and premalignant lesions as well as for some viral and fungal infections. The use of oral exfoliative cytology in clinical practice declined due to the subjective nature of its interpretation and because there may be only a small number of abnormal cells identifiable in a smear. The more recent application of quantitative techniques, together with advances in immunocytochemistry, has refined the potential role of cytology, stimulating a reappraisal of its value in the diagnosis of oral cancer. The limitations of the method should be thoroughly understood and appreciated by the dental clinician. The aim of the publication is to encourage maximum participation of dental professional in early detection and control of oral cancer by means of early diagnosis through use of cytological smear.

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Lo Russo, Lucio, Eleonora Lo Muzio, Giuseppe Colella, Maria Eleonora Bizzoca, Vera Panzarella, Giuseppina Campisi, and Lorenzo Lo Muzio. "Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma on Gingiva, Edentulous Ridge, and Retromolar Pad: A Case Series." Oral 1, no. 2 (June 18, 2021): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/oral1020016.

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(1) Background: Gingival cancer has a significant incidence and is often diagnosed at advanced stages. The aim of this paper is to highlight its clinical aspects on the basis of a case series analysis in order to promote awareness and improve the diagnosis process. (2) Methods: Oral cancers diagnosed and treated at three Italian University Hospitals over ten years were retrospectively investigated. Cancer location on the gingiva, edentulous ridge, and retromolar pad was addressed. Data regarding clinical features, stage at the diagnosis, and time from presenting symptoms to first medical consultation were retrieved. (3) Results: Thirty-three cancers located on the gingiva, edentulous ridge, and retromolar pad were retrieved from 276 total oral cancer cases (11.9%). A median of 50 days (range 2–300) passed for the patient to seek for a medical evaluation. At the time of diagnosis, 63.3% were advanced stage cancers, mainly located at the mandible (91%), especially in the retromolar pad (48.5%) and the edentulous alveolar ridge (24.2%). Lesions were red (45.5%), red and white (45.4%), or white (9.1%), appearing as an ulcer (69.7%), exophytic mass (12.1%) or flat lesion (12.1%). Sixty-six percent of cancers were completely asymptomatic, regardless their clinical appearance. A statistically significant association between the time from the presentation of symptoms to the first medical consultation and the cancers stage was found. (4) Conclusions: The clinical appearance of gingival cancer is very polymorphous; its understanding may be significant to improve patient education and early medical consultation.

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Kirillova, Valentina P., Oleg I. Kaganov, Aleksey G. Gabrielyan, Mikhail A. Postnikov, and Andrey E. Orlov. "Methods of early diagnosis of cancer of the oral mucosa." Aspirantskiy Vestnik Povolzhiya 19, no. 5-6 (May 28, 2020): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2072-2354.2019.19.3.86-90.

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Early diagnosis of cancer of the oral mucosa is still an unsolved problem of current Oncology. Despite the large number of proposed methods of diagnosis of precancerosis and cancer, the incidence of advanced malignant tumors of the oral mucosa are quite high. The analysis of the available scientific articles on the early diagnosis of cancer of the oral mucosa has been performed. The given literature review studies the most common methods of early diagnosis of cancer of the oral mucosa and their availability for practical health care of the Russian Federation.

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Nishanthi R, Ashok Velayudhan, and Dhanraj Ganapathy. "Awareness About Oral Cancer Among Dental Students." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL3 (September 18, 2020): 892–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.3044.

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Oral cancer affects people in the 6th and seventh many years of existence with a background marked by smoking tobacco and, or liquor utilization. Early acknowledgement and referral are basic as less treatment is required to decrease mortality and morbidity. Past examinations have demonstrated that oral cancer can be quiet in symptoms with attention to primal signs being increasingly advantageous in diagnosis. To assessing oral cancer knowledge and awareness among undergraduate dental studentsA cross-sectional survey was done with a self-administered questionnaire with 10 questions circulated among 100 dental students. The questionnaire assessed the awareness about oral cancer, their risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management strategies. The responses were recorded and analysed. 96 % of dental students were aware of oral cancer.95% said smoking and tobacco-related products are the major risk factors of oral cancer.85% were aware of clinical manifestation of oral cancer.71% were aware of the diagnosis of oral cancer and 65% were aware of management strategies for oral cancer.Greater part of the responders in this investigation had satisfactory information about clinical indications of oral cancer. Efforts ought to be made to develop inspirational disposition towards avoidance of oral cancer. There is a necessity to present instructions on counteraction, early referral and demonstrative techniques for oral cancer.

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Ruskin, James D. "Maxillofacial cancer diagnosis and treatment." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 49, no. 8 (August 1991): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-2391(91)90533-r.

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Neves, Jerlucia Cavalcanti das, Lívia Soraya Toledano, Fabiana Moura da Motta Silveira, and Paulo Sávio Angeiras de Góes. "Factors Associated with Late Diagnosis of Oral Cancer." International Journal of Clinical Medicine 06, no. 02 (2015): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijcm.2015.62015.

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Shioda, Shigetoshi. "Progress in diagnosis and therapy for oral cancer." JOURNAL OF THE STOMATOLOGICAL SOCIETY,JAPAN 58, no. 1 (1991): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5357/koubyou.58.1.

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