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Agarwal, Sugandha. "Re-writing history." Stream: Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication 12, no. 1 (December 14, 2020): 6–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21810/strm.v12i1.279.
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Feminist historians (Kelly, 1984; Scott, 1998) have argued that documented History is inherently ‘masculine’ and marginalizes women’s life experiences. In order to bridge this gap in History, feminist oral historians in the 1970s began collecting women’s oral testimonies to highlight their subjective experiences (Patai and Gluck, 1990). Building on existing scholarship, this paper argues that oral history as a methodology is indispensable in a feminist re-writing of history. It analyzes oral histories conducted by Indian feminist historians with women survivors of India’s Partition. The first section uses a gendered historical lens to argue that feminist oral history is crucial to writing a women’s history. The second section outlines what constitutes as a feminist methodology to envision what women’s history should look like. The final section examines the difficulties of working with oral testimonies. The objective of this study is two-fold: examining non-hierarchical ways of researching through feminist oral history and drawing attention to oral narratives in the global south.
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Hagood, Jonathan, and Clara Schriemer. "Oral history and farmworker studies." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 14, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-08-2016-0033.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore three sociocultural themes common to migrant and seasonal farmworkers and to demonstrate the value of incorporating oral history into healthcare practice and quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-methods research programs, as oral history is a culturally sensitive approach to working with vulnerable populations. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines 17 oral histories from farmworkers residing in Ottawa County, Michigan, in the late summer of 2014. The theoretical framework section has two aims. First, it explains the significance of “cultural sensitivity” and “deep structure” to the practice of effective healthcare. Second, it introduces oral history as a form of deep structure cultural sensitivity. Findings Three themes emerge from the collected oral histories: stress/anxiety of undocumented status, honor/worth of honest work, and the importance of educating migrant children. Undocumented status is found to be the hub of farmworker health inequities while worth of work and education are described as culturally sensitive points of conversation for healthcare workers engaging with this population. Finally, oral history is found to be a useful method for establishing the deep structure of cultural sensitivity. Originality/value This paper gives a voice to farmworkers, an inconspicuous population that disproportionately suffers from health inequities. In addition, this paper acts as a case study promoting the use of oral history as a novel, culturally sensitive research method.
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Zachar, P., R. F. Krueger, and K. S. Kendler. "Personality disorder in DSM-5: an oral history." Psychological Medicine 46, no. 1 (October 20, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291715001543.
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As the revision process leading to DSM-5 began, the domain of personality disorder embodied the highest aspirations for major change. After an initial prototype-based proposal failed to gain acceptance, the Personality and Personality Disorders Work Group (P&PDWG) developed a hybrid model containing categorical and dimensional components. A clash of perspectives both within the P&PDWG and between the P&PDWG and DSM-5 oversight committees led to the rejection of this proposal from the main body of DSM-5. Major issues included conflicting ways of conceptualizing validation, differences of opinion from personality disorder experts outside the P&PDWG, divergent concepts of the magnitude of evidence needed to support substantial changes, and the disagreements about clinical utility of the hybrid model. Despite these setbacks, the ‘Alternative DSM-5 Model of Personality Disorder’ is presented in Section III of the DSM-5. Further research should clarify its performance relative to the DSM-IV criteria reprinted in the main DSM-5 text.
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Robinson, Marco, Farrah Gafford Cambrice, and Phyllis Earles. "Telling the Stories of Forgotten Communities: Oral History, Public Memory, and Black Communities in the American South." Collections: A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals 13, no. 2 (June 2017): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155019061701300211.
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Oral histories and ethnographic interviews allow researchers to unearth and recover remarkable stories from our past. Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes assert, “Oral history is at heart a deeply social practice connecting past and present and, at times, connecting narrative to action.” Likewise, the “authentic” voice of communities and individuals is best accessed through these methods. This article explores oral histories and ethnographic interviews conducted in the “forgotten” Jago community (located in northwestern Mississippi) and the Pontchartrain Park community (located in New Orleans, Louisiana). The analysis of the all-black Jago community, founded during Reconstruction and absorbed by a majority white municipality during the mid-1900s, brings light to historical recovery through utilizing oral history. Additionally, the connections between oral history and public history are explored through examining the local campaign led by historians and community groups to place historical markers in the original section of the Jago community. The exploration of the historically black Pontchartrain Park community recovers the voices of a neighborhood almost wiped from public memory due to Hurricane Katrina and brings light to the ways in which oral interviews help preserve local historical identity and promote public history.
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Asbarinsyah, Nitia A., Rarsari S. Soerarso, Nani Hersunarti, and Bambang B. Siswanto. "Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in young woman with history of caesarian section." Medical Journal of Indonesia 23, no. 4 (January 27, 2015): 232–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.13181/mji.v23i4.1067.
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Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is one of subgroups of pulmonary hypertension. This is a serious medical condition that severely under diagnosed. CTEPH is commonly underdiagnosed due to non specific symptoms and lack of diagnostic tools. The aim of this presentation is to discuss the etiology, risk factors, diagnosis and management of CTEPH. A 36-year-old woman presented with easily fatigue and dyspneu on effort since two years ago. The symptom occured about three months after she gave birth with caesarian section due to preeclampsia. Further history taking, physical examination, electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography were highly suggestive of pulmonary hypertension. No deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was found on vascular femoral sonography. It was found after the lung perfusion scintigraphy performed that she actually had CTEPH. This patient was categorized as inoperable because CT pulmonary angiography showed no thrombus. The patient got pulmonary vasodilator and oral anticoagulant for lifelong.
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Manjapra, Kris, Neilesh Bose, and Iftekhar Iqbal. "Special Section: Oral Histories of Decolonisation: Bengali Intellectuals, Memory and the Archive." South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies 41, no. 4 (October 2, 2018): 827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00856401.2018.1514479.
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Hardner, Craig M., Marisa Wall, and Alyssa Cho. "Global Macadamia Science: Overview of the Special Section." HortScience 54, no. 4 (April 2019): 592–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13543-18.
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Macadamia is a rapidly developing global crop; however, limited cultivation history and size of the industry means many challenges remain to support sustained productivity and profitability of this industry. This paper summarizes oral and poster presentations, and subsequent papers included in this volume, delivered at the 2017 International Macadamia Research Symposium, held in Hilo, HI, in September of that year. This was the first international meeting of macadamia researchers since 1992. The 28 oral and seven poster presentations covered propagation technology, tree physiology, soils and nutrition, pollination, pest and disease, orchard management, genetics and breeding, product development, and new production regions. Notable messages were that micrografting of macadamias is commercially viable; planting density and girdling could increase early yield per hectare; resource availability may limit cross-pollination yield; and yield production of individual branches is not independent. Integrated pest management was described to develop pest-resilient farming systems and manage felted coccid; an international collaborative approach was proposed for effective disease management and early detection; and the concept of integrated orchard management was used to translate research outputs into a common language for grower adoption. In the areas of breeding and genetic resources, research demonstrated that modern macadamia cultivars are two to four generations from wild but do not capture all wild diversity; progress was reported on the Macadamia Genome Project to produce the first macadamia reference genome; and advances in phenotypic selection and cultivar development were described.
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Yosypenko, Serhii. "“More than the Interview”. Overview of the section “Oral History of Philosophy” in the Journal “Filosofska Dumka”." Sententiae 38, no. 2 (December 27, 2019): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22240/sent38.02.086.
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Ghumra, Waseem, Adam Gold, and Richard Michael Azurdia. "Pyoderma gangrenosum following an unplanned caesarean section: a patient revisited." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 2 (February 2021): e238702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-238702.
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A 35-year-old woman was referred urgently to the dermatology department because of significant wound breakdown 3 weeks following an emergency caesarean section. Examination revealed a full thickness, undermined ulcer spanning the width of the patient’s caesarean scar, exposing the patient’s uterus. Clinical appearances were consistent with pyoderma gangrenosum. The patient has a history of complicated pyoderma gangrenosum, having undergone skin grafts 14 years prior, for ulcers on her lower legs. That episode was the subject of a case report, published in the BMJ, in 2007. On this occasion, the patient was treated with oral corticosteroids, and ciclosporin based on its efficacy during her previous episode, which in conjunction with negative pressure wound therapy, resulted in complete re-epithelialisation of her ulcer within 6 months.
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Morton-Rupert, Sarah, Steven Malecek, and Mark Legg. "Near-Surface Geophysics Technical Section holds first-ever panel discussions at 2018 Annual Meeting." Leading Edge 38, no. 1 (January 2019): 67–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle38010067.1.
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The 2018 Annual Meeting marked the largest near-surface geophysics technical program in the history of the Society of Exploration Geophysicists. In Anaheim, attendees could participate in nine near-surface oral presentations, six poster sessions, one preconference short course, two postconference workshops, and for the first time, three panel discussions. These panels add a new platform to the Annual Meeting to help diversify the technical program and facilitate discussions on geophysical hot topics among professionals from varying but complementary fields.
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SHAREEF, Mohammed Ali, and Fatih YILMAZ. "Evaluation of the Elements of Advice in Kirkuk Hoyrat Chants." Journal of Research in Turkic Languages 2, no. 2 (November 15, 2020): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.34099/jrtl.222.
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This study aimed to examine and evaluate the elements of advice in Hoyrat chants,which are the products of oral literature of Kirkuk. In this context, information onthe effect of cultural and historical values on society and literary review on the subject was presented in the first section. Information on the language and history of Iraqi Turkomen people was provided in the second section.In the third section, information was given about hoyrat chantsof Kirkuk Turcomen oral literature, which are types of verses consisting of stanzas that reflect the view of lifeand philosophy of the society,and narratethe emotions and reflections in a literary style, and the types of hoyrat chants in terms of format and structure. In addition to this, information was provided on the types ofhoyrat chants,which are essentialliterary elements to sustain the traditions and customs, culture, language,and history of Kirkuk Turcomenand pass them from generation to generation.Information on the qualitative methodused in the study and the population and sampling of the study was given in the fourth section.The fifth section presented information in the findings and interpretations sectionon hoyrat chants,whichexpressadvice and interpreted forty-seven hoyrat chants compiledin this context. In the sixth section, as a result, the hoyrat chants, which reflect the Turcomen spirit, their national feelings,and cultures, are at every stage of the Turcomen lives with their educational, instructive,and informative aspects. At the same time, hoyrat chants are an important form of historical oral literature that especially ensure preservation of national unity and solidarity, sharing of feeling and thoughts, sustaining traditions and customs and raising awareness of the society through advice. In this context, the evaluation of the reflections of hoyrat chants with themes of advice on the societywas madeby emphasizing the place and importance of hoyrat chants in the lives of the Turcomen society. This study aimed to contribute to the transfer of values and features of hoyrat chants that are a cultural heritage to future generations.
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Boyle, R. K. "Herpes Simplex Labialis after Epidural or Parenteral Morphine: A Randomized Prospective Trial in an Australian Obstetric Population." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 23, no. 4 (August 1995): 433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x9502300403.
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A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in women undergoing emergency and elective caesarean section to determine whether epidural morphine predisposes to postoperative herpes simplex labialis and whether the risk is increased or decreased by previous oral herpes or pruritus. Following cannulation of the epidural space, analgesia for labour and/or caesarean section was induced in two groups of similar age, parity, preoperative status and anaesthetic. According to tables of random numbers, 386 were allocated to receive parenteral morphine and 425 to receive epidural morphine. Postoperative herpes labialis was diagnosed by laboratory culture and microscopy. Patients who received epidural morphine were 11.5 times (95% CI 2.6–49.4) more likely than the parenteral morphine group to suffer herpes labialis. A past history of oral herpes increased the risk of herpes labialis by 8.6 times (95 % CI 3.3–22.0). When the influence of past herpes infection and route of morphine were taken into account, no separate association between pruritus and herpex simplex labialis could be demonstrated.
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Govani, Kapil J., and Priyanka D. Jogia. "Assessment of trend and etiological factors for cesarean delivery among women residing in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 5 (April 26, 2017): 2081. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20171846.
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Background: Cesarean section (CS or C-section) is a surgical intervention and it is the 2nd commonest surgery performed on women in India after tubectomy operation. So, the study was conducted with objectives to assess the socio-demographic profile of recently delivered women and to assess the trend and etiological factors of cesarean delivery among women.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among recently delivered women of Ahmedabad city, Gujarat, India during April to September 2015. Pretested performa was used for study after informed consent. Total 200 women were selected for study.Results: Majority (56%) of women were belongs to 25 to 30 year. age group. Few (5%) of women were found illiterate. 31% women were delivered through cesarean section. Majority (63.5%) of women were delivered at Government hospitals. Most common reason (23%) for cesarean delivery was previous history of LSCS. Most preferred (33%) first choice of contraceptive method was barrier method.Conclusions: Commonest reasons for cesarean deliveries were previous history of LSCS, Oligohydramnios and prolonged labor. Most preferred first choice of contraceptive method was barrier method followed by Oral Contraceptive pills.
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Fogleman, Alex. "Iconoclasts of the Imagination?" Church History and Religious Culture 99, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18712428-09901003.
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Abstract The evidence of sixteenth-century catechetical texts complicates the prevailing narrative that iconoclasm and Ramism led to a reconfiguring of the art of memory in England. For one, the tradition of the memory arts itself contains contested positions for the role of images in the formation of memory, which is surveyed in the first portion of this paper. In the second section, it is shown where catechesis reveals continuity with classical conceptions of memory. Sixteenth-century catechists continued to view memory as a “storehouse” or “text” of the soul, the foundation upon which to build understanding and wisdom. Where conceptions of memory show signs of departure—the topic of the third section—the evidence suggests less a shift from an imagistic to an image-less memory, but instead, a condemnation of certain kinds of images combined with a renewed emphasis on the oral, audial, and dialogical aspects of memory.
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Ullah, Sania S., Manoj K. Deka, and Nitumani Khakhlari. "A study on scrape smear cytology in oral leukoplakia in a tertiary health care centre of southern Assam." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 8, no. 10 (September 24, 2020): 3596. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20204235.
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Background: Oral cavity is susceptible to countless changes with advancing, environmental, and lifestyle related habits and factors. Oral mucosal lesions especially related to chewing and smoking of tobacco have led to the increased incidence and prevalence of potentially malignant and malignant disorders worldwide. Oral leukoplakia has been a very frequent finding in patients coming to our department and with an increasing rise of oral squamous cell carcinoma in the region, the study was conducted.Methods: Patients referred to our section from various department with white oral lesion. Scrapping smears were prepared. Stained with MGG and PAP stain. Study period: January 2019 to May 2020.Results: Total number of patients with white oral lesion were 83. Out of these 65 were male and 18 were female. Most of the patients had addiction to betel nut and leaf with tobacco and few had history of intake of bidi for several years.Conclusions: The study reveals that most of the oral leukoplakia cases is attributed to smoking, betel nut and lime intake. Exfoliative cytology of oral mucosa serves to be an easy, convenient and reproducible technique for early diagnosis of premalignant condition. Biopsy can be used as an adjunct in cases showing atypia and mixed type of keratosis.
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Marzullo, Andrea, Gabriella Serio, Luigi Madami, Federica Pezzuto, Francesco Fortarezza, Nicola Quaranta, Maria Luisa Fiorella, et al. "Intraoperative frozen section as a reliable ancillary technique in salivary gland surgery: A cross sectional study." F1000Research 7 (February 27, 2018): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.13043.1.
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Background.Salivary glands tumours are uncommon, frequently benign lesions, prevalently located in the parotid gland (80%). Surgical decision making is based on the patient’s history, examination findings, imaging and fine needle aspiration (FNA). FNA is a pre-operative method with good ability in detecting malignancy. During surgery, therefore, Frozen section (FS) can differentiate benign lesions from malignant tumours, to reduce incorrect treatments, to increase the chances of conservative surgery and to better evaluate surgical margins. The aim of our study is to demonstrate the accuracy of the FS procedure in surgery of the salivary glands and to stress the need for dedicated pathology units specialized in lesions of the oral cavity.Methods. The study included 499 patients who underwent surgery from May 2005 and October 2014. An intra-operative frozen section procedure was done for 288 of them. All frozen sections were compared with the final results. The cases were classified by site, nature of the lesion and histotype, according to the WHO classification. Comparison was made between the intra-operative and the definitive diagnosis.Results.Of the 288 FS procedures, 259 were for neoplastic lesions, 199 of which benign and 60 malignant, and 29 for non-neoplastic lesions. Of the 259 neoplastic FS results, 2 were shown to be false positives and 2 were diagnosed as different malignant types. Of the 29 non-neoplastic FS results, 4 were false negatives.Conclusions.Our results showed that the accuracy of frozen section procedure is 98% for salivary glands tumors. The highest concordance between frozen section and the definitive diagnosis was for inflammatory processes (99%), pleomorphic adenoma (98%), Warthin’s tumor (97%) and malignant neoplasms (96%). In conclusion, based on these findings, frozen section of the salivary glands may be proposed as a routine procedure and should be used in decision-making.
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Fargion, Janet Topp. "African Music in the World and Traditional Music Section at the British Library Sound Archive." History in Africa 31 (2004): 447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361541300003600.
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It is widely accepted that the development of recording technology played an important role in the development of ethnomusicology as a discipline. For the first time, from the late nineteenh century, music could be recorded for use in scientific comparison and analysis. Jaap Kunst once wrote: “ethnomusicology could never have grown into an independent science if the gramophone had not been invented.” But the significance of recorded performance—the most objective way of capturing oral tradition—for the understanding of all aspects of culture must not be underestimated, particularly, but not exclusively, for nonliterate societies. “Oral tradition should be central to students of culture, of ideology, of society, of psychology, of art, and … of history.” And sound archives should be perceived as essential to research, “equivalent to libraries in other disciplines insofar as their importance in research is concerned.”Almost immediately after the advent of recording technology in the late 1870s, sound archives began to emerge: the first in Europe was the Phonogrammarchiv of the Austrian Academy of Science in 1899. Britain came late to the field: the British Institute of Recorded Sound was established with private funds only in 1947; it received its first grant-in-aid in the 1960s and in 1983 it became part of the British Library, known as the National Sound Archive.
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Wojtasiński, Konrad, Agata Borsukiewicz, Krzysztof Szcześniak, Martyna Osiak, and Andrzej Wojtowicz. "Częstość występowania i różnorodność patologicznych zmian w jamie ustnej u pacjentów leczonych w Zakładzie Chirurgii Stomatologicznej WUM w latach 2012–2017. Badanie retrospektywne." Chirurgia Plastyczna i Oparzenia / Plastic Surgery & Burns 8, no. 4 (December 2020): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15374/chpio2020012.
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Introduction A large number of lesions of various etiopathogenesis may be found in the oral cavity. They range from benign inflammatory-hyperplastic changes to malignant tumors. The following study aims to statistically show the frequency and type of changes depending on the age and sex of patients treated in the Department of Dental Surgery of the Medical University of Warsaw. Material and methods 612 results of histopathological examinations of sections or entire lesions of the oral cavity collected from patients in the years 2012–2017 were analyzed. The results were analyzed in terms of gender, age and the site of tissue collection. Neoplasms and 8 other groups of lesions of the mucosa were distinguished. Results The most common lesion was fibroma (35%), followed by a chronic inflammatory process (15.4%), and salivary gland cysts (11.9%). Papillomas (HPV) accounted for 10.5%, epilemomas 9.64%, tumors 6.54%, cysts and ulcers 4.74% and 4.25%, respectively. Pre-neoplastic lesions were found in 70 cases. These included ulcerations, leukoplakia, changes with metaplasia, dysplasia and pseudo-neoplastic hyperplasia. The most common localization of pathological changes in the oral cavity was related to the gums. Conclusions Many lesions of various etiology may present with a similar clinical manifestation. Therefore, in order to correctly diagnose pathological changes in the oral cavity, it is necessary to conduct a thorough medical history and physical examination, and identify the factors that may have caused the lesion. A particular group of pathological changes of the oral mucosa are ulcers which, despite a conservative approach, do not respond to treatment. In such cases a neoplasm should be suspected and a section of the lesion be obtained for histopathological evaluation which is the only reliable method that allows a final diagnosis.
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Aledort, Louis M., David Green, and Jerome M. Teitel. "Unexpected Bleeding Disorders." Hematology 2001, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 306–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2001.1.306.
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Abstract Patients with known coagulation deficiencies, either congenital or acquired, may bleed spontaneously with trauma or with surgical intervention. In contrast, however, are the unchallenged patients who bleed in a variety of clinical settings that demand rapid diagnosis so that appropriate therapy can be instituted. In the first section Dr. Louis M. Aledort demonstrates a series of vignettes of actual cases who presented with unexpected bleeding or a screening laboratory abnormality prior to a needed surgical intervention. Settings include dental, oral surgical, obstetrical, surgical and gynecological. The differential diagnoses of these cases are discussed. In the second section Dr. David Green also uses vignettes to demonstrate how the laboratory is used to differentiate the various clinical entities. The choice and priority of required tests indicated by the settings, history, site and type of bleeding, and the syllogisms used to define the abnormality are stressed. In the third section, Dr. Jerome Teitel reviews in detail the therapeutic armamentarium available to the clinician and presents algorithms for the management of these bleeding disorders.
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Rahman, Md Mahbubar, and Willem Van Schendel. "‘I Am Not a Refugee’: Rethinking Partition Migration." Modern Asian Studies 37, no. 3 (June 25, 2003): 551–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x03003020.
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In the wake of Partition—the break-up of British India in 1947—millions of people moved across the new borders between Pakistan and India. Although much has been written about these ‘Partition refugees,’ a comprehensive picture remains elusive. This paper advocates a rethinking of the study of cross-border migration in South Asia. It argues especially for looking at categories of cross-border migrants that have so far been ignored, and for employing a more comparative approach. In the first section, we look at conventions that have shaped the literature on Partition refugees. The second section explores some patterns of post-Partition migration to East Pakistan (now Bangladesh), and the third uses oral evidence from cross-border migrants to present a number of case studies. The concluding section underlines that these cases demonstrate the need for re-examining historiographical conventions regarding Partition migration; it also makes a plea for linking South Asia's partition to broader debates about partition as a political ‘solution’ to ethnic strife.
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Murphy, NM, AS Khashan, DI Broadhurst, O. Gilligan, K. O’Donoghue, and LC Kenny. "Perinatal determinants of D-dimer levels in a cross-sectional study of low risk pregnant women." Obstetric Medicine 9, no. 2 (February 24, 2016): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753495x15625547.
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Background To examine perinatal determinants of the antenatal levels of D-dimers. Methods Cross-sectional study of 760 low risk pregnant women recruited into five gestational groups. Variables examined in antenatal groups included maternal age, body mass index, parity, smoking, family history venous thromboembolism (VTE) and previous use of the oral contraceptive pill (OCP). Onset of labour and mode of delivery were also examined in the post-natal group. Results D-dimer levels in group 4 (38–40 + 6) were significantly lower in the women with a history of taking the OCP when compared to those that had not taken it in the past ( P = 0.027). In the day 2 post-natal group, the median level of D-dimer was significantly higher in primparous when compared to multiparous women ( P = 0.015). The median D-dimer levels were significantly lower in the elective Caesarean section group in comparison to spontaneous onset ( P = 0.003) and induction of labour ( P = 0.016). When the mode of delivery was examined, the median D-dimer levels were significantly lower in those that had an elective Caesarean section when compared to normal vaginal delivery ( P = 0.008) and instrumental vaginal delivery ( P = 0.007). Women post elective Caesarean section had a significantly lower D-dimer than those after emergency Caesarean section ( P = 0.008). Discussion There are some significant differences in D-dimer levels when certain perinatal determinants are examined. This work is potentially beneficial to the future diagnosis of VTE in pregnancy as it supports previously published recommended D-dimer levels for the diagnosis of VTE in pregnancy.
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Jovanovic, Svetlana, Ivanka Gajic, Bojan Mandic, Jelena Mandic, and Vlada Radivojevic. "Oral lesions in patients with psychiatric disorders." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 138, no. 9-10 (2010): 564–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1010564j.
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Introduction. Oral diseases in psychiatric patients are usually a result of bad oral hygiene and psychopharmaceutical side-effects. Objective. The aim of this study was to detect oral lesions in patients hospitalized in psychiatric institutions with the confirmed diagnosis of psychiatric illness and mood disorder with psychotic characteristics, as well as to discover the factors that can influence these oral lesions. Methods. Cross-section study consisted of 186 hospitalized patients with psychiatric disorders in the experimental group, out of whom 87 were males and 99 females. Patients were aged from 18 to 59 years, mean age 46.0?8.0 years. The control group consisted of 186 healthy persons matched for age and gender. Data on oral lesions were obtained within history and clinical examination of the oral cavity. Other medical data were collected from medical documentation. Statistical analysis was performed by Student?s t-test, chi-square test and logistic regression. Results. Dry mouth was registered in 78.5% of patients. The difference in tongue and lip lesions, burning and stinging symptoms, bruxism, facial pain, low saliva rates, halitosis, taste changes and swallowing difficulties between the patients and healthy persons was highly statistically significant (p<0.001). Age and gender, as well as the factors of main disease, influence burning and stinging, bruxism, low saliva rates, swallowing difficulties, taste changes and facial pain of the psychiatric patients. Conclusion. Results imply that psychiatric patients are more frequently involved with oral lesions than healthy persons. It is necessary to organize specific preventive and educational oral health programmes with these patients, as well as with doctors who treat the basic illness.
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Pires, Flávia Silva, Viviane Andrade Cancio Paula, Khawana Faker, Natalia Di Lanaro, Raissa Christiane O. de Carvalho, and Mônica Almeida Tostes. "Oral conditions of pediatric patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome: two case reports." Brazilian Dental Science 22, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2019.v22i2.1704.
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Objective: The objective of this paper was to describe the oral conditions of two children accompanied by their mothers who reported to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry of Fluminense Federal University with Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS). Case report: The 9-year-old female patient had a family and medical history significant for placental abruption, caesarean section, delayed psychomotor development, learning disabilities, tendency to selfdistract and congenital heart disease. In contrast, the 7-year-old male patient had a normal birth and no gestational intercurrences. Discussion: Clinically, the female presented with mixed dentition, crowding in the maxillary and mandibular arches, prolonged retention of deciduous teeth, anterior and posterior cross-bite and Angle Class I malocclusion, while the male had mixed dentition and retarded psychomotor development. Due to the patients having congenital heart disease, a prophylactic antibiotic regimen was prescribed prior to the dental procedures in both of them. Conclusion: These patients had been followed up for 2 years and this case report underscores the importance of early dental evaluation and counselling for parents of WBS patients.KeywordsWilliams Beuren syndrome; Oral manifestations; Child.
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Roman-Torres, Caio Vinícius Gonçalves, Sérgio Takashi Kussaba, Yasmin Comoti Vita Bantim, and Roberta de Barros Antunes Almeida de Oliveira. "Special Care Dentistry in a Patient with Prader–Willi Syndrome through the Use of Atraumatic Restorative Treatment under General Anesthesia." Case Reports in Dentistry 2017 (2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7075328.
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Prader–Willi syndrome described in 1956 has a genetic origin, affecting both genders, varying in presence and intensity from individual to individual. A precocious diagnosis, before the manifestation of symptoms, has brought some improvement in the quality of life of the carriers in the last years. The objective of this case report was to describe the treatment realized in a 3-year-old boy who presented grade II obesity, difficulty of locomotion, hypotonia, and history of cardiopathy. A dental treatment under general anesthesia was defined, allowing an oral adequation in a single section, in which it was planned the extraction of the element 74 and atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) technique in the other teeth. The precocious intervention in this 3-year-old patient by the therapy realized with ART under general anesthesia was done with success, avoiding unnecessary extractions, preserving dental elements, and maintaining the oral cavity in adequate function.
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Kasungu, L. F. "The safest method of inducing labour with misoprostol." Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal 9, no. 1 (2021): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/eumj.2021;9(1):73-79.
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Prolong pregnancy cause is unknown; some risk factors like obesity and the previous history has been outlined. The risk for bad outcomes increases with the increase in the time of delivery. Intrauterine fetal death, meconium aspiration, fetal distress, oligohydramnios increased rate of caesarian section are among the complications. Timely delivery with accurate dose of Misoprostol can reduce the bad outcomes. Misoprostol is a prostaglandin, not expensive and easy to store but with different side effect once wrongly administered. It is not indicated for obstetrics and gynecology in some countries but currently it is widely used for induction of labour. To assess the effect of Oral miso juice and its outcomes for labour induction in postterm cases and in premature rupture of membrane (PROM) at term. Search of registered documented files of clients at Kivulini Maternity Center for the year 2020. Out of 2399 deliveries per year, 67 received oral miso juice due to postterm and PROM. 61 participants aged 17 to 34 years and 6 females were above 35 years of age. 44 (65.7%) started active phase of labour within 24 hours and delivered. 16 (23.9 %) delivered after 24 hours of oral miso juice administration. 7 (10.4%) took more than 48 hours and delivered safely. 57 (85%) of those who received oral miso juice had SVD and 10 (15%) underwent emergency caesarian section due to a complication of Misoprostol as well since the drug can course fetal distress, meconium stained and other complications. 66 (98.5%) of all deliveries had Apgar score of >7 in the 1st minute, while 1 (1.5%) had Apgar of <7. Out of all deliveries, only 1 (1.5%) underwent caesarian section reason being non reassuring fetal status (NRFS). Out of all deliveries, 14 (20%) were accompanied by perineum tear of I&II degree and in 14 (20%) cases episiotomy was applied. The weight of the babies delivered after miso juice was distributed as follows: 2.5 to 3.5 kg – 54 cases and 3.6 to 4.5kg – 13 cases. No babies were delivered with weight above 4.5 kg. Among them, 33 (49%) were male babies and 34 (51%) were female babies. Oral miso juice is effective to achieve a safe spontaneous vaginal delivery. It is more effective than other method of induction of labour especially in developing country and in facility with limited human resources. It is possible to say that oral miso juice is the optimal regimen with less risk once in a right dose.
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De Sancho, Maria Teresa, Tanya M. Barauskas, and Jacob H. Rand. "Thrombophilic Disorders and the Risk of Thromboembolic Events in Women on Oral Contraceptives and Hormone Replacement Therapy." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 4021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.4021.4021.
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Abstract Objective: To evaluate the frequency and distribution of thrombophilic conditions in women with thromboembolic events (TEE) while on oral contraceptives (OC) or hormone replacement therapy (HRT). To assess the contribution of the duration of hormone use and a positive family history for TEE in predicting thrombosis. Methods: Retrospective analysis of all case records of women who developed a TEE while on OC or HRT and who were referred for hypercoagulable evaluation to the Thrombosis and Hemostasis Section at a teaching hospital from 1999–2002. Results: 65 women who were taking OC or HRT and developed a TEE were identified with one or more hypercoagulable disorders. 23 women tested positive for two or more hypercoagulable disorders: 16 had Factor V Leiden 3 of them were homozygous and 13 heterozygous, 5 were heterozygous for the prothrombin gene g20210a polymorphism, 26 had positive antiphospholipid antibody tests, 10 had elevated homocysteine levels, 4 had protein C deficiency and 7 had protein S deficiency. There were 65 thromboembolic events: 16 pulmonary emboli, 17 cerebrovascular events, 11 intra-abdominal vascular thromboses, 13 extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVTs), 5 superficial thrombophlebitis, and 2 retinal vein thromboses. Of the 65 women, 37% of patients had a positive family history of thrombosis. 52% had additional risk factors for thrombosis including smoking or obesity. 51% had been taking OC or HRT for > 1 year. Conclusions: In this population, thrombophilic conditions contribute in most cases to TEE in women on OC and HRT. Approximately 50% of TEE occurred in women on OC or HRT for > 1 year. The burden of thrombosis associated with hypercoagulability in women on OC and HRT has been underestimated in prior studies by including only DVT/PE. Family and personal history of thrombosis must be thoroughly explored before initiating or continuing OC or HRT and a positive history of thrombosis may warrant a hypercoagulable evaluation.
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Clarke, Helen, Thomas McCormack, Emila Paul, and Jonathan Ford. "Arteriovenous malformation as a cause for acute confusion and gastrointestinal bleeding in a primigravida pregnancy." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 1 (January 2021): e239723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-239723.
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Acute confusion in pregnancy is generally uncommon, given the relatively young and healthy population obstetricians care for. We present an unusual and rare case of acute confusion in a term pregnancy with antecedent history of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. A primigravida with no medical history of note, was found to have a haemoglobin of 67 g/L at booking and was commenced on oral iron supplementation. In the third trimester, she presented with haematochezia and had several admissions, requiring 18 units of red blood cells during her pregnancy. At term, she was admitted with acute confusion and GI bleeding, and was subsequently delivered by caesarean section to facilitate ongoing investigation and management of her symptoms. She was diagnosed postnatally with an arteriovenous malformation in the jejunum which required interventional radiology and surgical management for symptom resolution. Her confusion was attributed to hyperammonaemic levels secondary to her high protein load.
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Lin, Feiou, Yanling Ye, Shengjia Ye, Lan Wang, Wulong Du, Linjie Yao, and Jing Guo. "Effect of personality on oral health–related quality of life in undergraduates." Angle Orthodontist 88, no. 2 (November 30, 2017): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/051017-322.1.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the effects of personality traits and other variables on oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) of Chinese undergraduates aged 17 to 24 years with no history of orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: A total of 443 undergraduate students aged 17 to 24 years were selected and completed a two-section questionnaire: the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Short Scale Chinese version and the Oral Health Impact Profile–14 Chinese version (OHIP-14). Malocclusion severity was assessed via clinical examination using the dental health component (DHC) and esthetic component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Severe dentofacial deformities that required orthognathic surgery were excluded. Results: The total and all dichotomized OHIP-14 dimensions correlated closely with the neuroticism personality traits (P < .001). The total and some subscales of OHIP-14 were related with psychoticism. Women had higher OHIP-14 scores than men, especially in the normal occlusion group. Nevertheless, men with more severe malocclusions had higher scores that were similar to those of women. OHRQoL was significantly different between the major of dentistry and other majors. Conclusions: Personality affects comprehensive OHRQoL, and the most significant predictor is neuroticism. Female young adults have worse OHRQoL than male young adults, especially among those with mild malocclusion.
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Caroline, Devie, and Moh Yogiarto. "Atrio-Ventricular Septal Defect in Pregnant Women, How to Deal with It : A Case Study." ACI (Acta Cardiologia Indonesiana) 3, no. 2 (February 28, 2018): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/aci.33576.
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Pregnancy is not always well tolerated in women with congenital heart disease (CHD) such as atrio-ventricular septal defect (AVSD), predominantly due to heart failure deterioration and increasing pulmonary hypertension (PH). Managements of those patients are challenging, especially during third trimester and after delivery care. Decision about time of termination, mode of delivery and anesthetic management are also debatable. In this article we report two similarcases of pregnant women with AVSD and severe PH. The frst patient was 27 years old, 28-29 weeks pregnant came with shortness of breath. She had history of miscarriage once. Based on her transthoracal echocardiography, she was diagnosed with AVSD partial type (primum ASD) with severe PH and then treated with intravenous furosemide, oral beraprost and oral sildenafl. The second patient was 27 years old 30-31 weeks pregnant with shortness of breathand appeared cyanotic. She delivered her frst child spontaneously without any symptoms. Based on her transthoracal echocardiography she was diagnosed with AVSD transitional type (large primum ASD with small inlet VSD) and Eisenmenger syndrome. She was treated with intravenous furosemide and oral beraprost. Those two patients underwent planned C-section under general anesthesia, both babies were survived but the patient did not survived severaldays after the procedure due to PH crisis. Until now, management PH associated with CHD in pregnant women is complex. Fluid management and pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH)- targeted therapies are important. Mode of delivery on this cases is also remain debated. Some studies stated planned C-section might be a better choice and combination epidural and lowdose spinal anesthesia might be better than general anesthesia. At the end, when a woman with CHD and PH chooses to continue pregnancy, multidisciplinary team approach is crucial to achieve good outcomes.
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Nierenberg, Chet, Christopher Brigham, Lorne K. Direnfeld, and Clarissa Burket. "Standards for Independent Medical Examinations." Guides Newsletter 10, no. 6 (November 1, 2005): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2005.novdec01.
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Abstract An independent medical evaluation (IME) may be more comprehensive and may contain more elements than an impairment evaluation, but to date no standards have defined a high-quality IME. The authors, a group of experienced IME physicians, note the variability of requirements in individual IME cases, but they have identified standards that generally apply to IME reports and include the following: definition of IME and key concepts; examiner qualifications; methodology and procedures; the physical examination; suggested generalized report format; and quality assurance. An IMR is a specialized examination and report, ideally performed by a medical physician with special training and experience in IMEs; an IME is not a medical consultation and report but rather an opportunity to determine diagnosis and document the clinical course over time. Examiners should be qualified by experience and qualifications and ideally should have a special credential from an independent medical examiners association and must be knowledgeable about IME report writing. A section of the article describes the structure of the IME report, which may vary from examiner to examiner but should include careful attention to descriptive data, history, record review, oral history, physical examination, records of other objective data, and an opinion section (with diagnoses, discussion, past medical treatment, maximum medical improvement, future medical treatment, causation and apportionment, disability/functional status, prognosis, answers to specific questions, and references.
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Neiva, Maria de Jesus Lopes Mousinho, Benevina Maria Vilar Teixeira Nunes, Inez Sampaio Nery, and Silvana Santiago Da Rocha. "A CRIAÇÃO DO CONSELHO REGIONAL DE ENFERMAGEM DO PIAUÍ: ASPECTOS HISTÓRICOS." Enfermagem em Foco 7, no. 3/4 (February 7, 2017): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21675/2357-707x.2016.v7.n3/4.921.
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Objetivo: descrever as circunstâncias históricas que antecederam e viabilizaram a criação do Conselho Regional de Enfermagem do Piauí. Metodologia: é uma pesquisa histórico-social, fundamentada nos conceitos de história e memória, e de história oral. Utilizou-se fontes orais, que foram os depoimentos de oito colaboradoras, membros do Conselho no período do estudo e fontes escritas e iconográficas (atas, resoluções, jornais e fotografias), e fontes secundárias como artigos, livros e a legislação sobre o tema. Resultados: com a promulgação da Lei 5.905/1973, foram implantados os Conselhos Regionais nos estados, por meio do trabalho de Juntas Especiais. No Piauí, as enfermeiras da Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem - Seção Piauí instalaram o novo órgão, em 1975. Conclusão: o processo histórico de criação do Conselho Regional de Enfermagem foi permeado de lutas das enfermeiras, que participavam da Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem Secção Piauí.Descritores: História da enfermagem, Sociedades de Enfermagem, Enfermagem.THE CREATION OF THE REGIONAL NURSING COUNCIL OF PIAUI: ASPECTS HISTORICALObjective: The study’s aim was to describe the historical circumstances that precede and made viable the creation of Regional Nursing Council of Piaui. It is a historical-social research, based upon the concepts of history and memory, and oral histoy. It was used as oral sources the testimonials of eight collaborators that were members of the Council during the period studied, and also iconographic and written sources (minutes, resolutions, newspapers and photographs), and, as secondary sources, papers, books and the related legislation. After the enactment of the act 5.905/1973, was established the Regional Councils in the states, through the work of Special Joints. In Piaui, the nurses of the Brazilian Nursing Association -- Section Piaui, istalled the new organ in 1975. It was concluded that the historical proccess of creation of the Regional Counci of Nurse was permeated by the struggles of nurses who participated in the Piaui Section of the Brazilian Nurse Association.Descriptors: History of nursing; nursing societies; nursing.LA CREACIÓNDEL CONSEJO REGIONAL DE ENFERMERÍA DE PIAUÍ: ASPECTOS HISTÓRICOObjetivo: El objetivo del estúdio fue describir las circunstancias históricas que preceden y hacenviable la creación del Consejo Regional de Enfermería de Piauí. Se trata de una investigación histórico-social, basadaen los conceptos de historia y memoria, y la historia oral. Se utilizó como fuentes orales los testimonios de ocho colaboradoras que eran miembros del Consejo durante el período estudiado, así como lãs fuentes iconográficas y escritas (minutos, resoluciones, periódicos y fotografías), y, em fuentes secundarias, documentos, libros y legislaciónes acerca del tema. Después de la promulgación de la Ley 5.905/1973, se creólos Consejos Regionales en los estados, através del trabajo de las juntas especiales. En Piauí, lãs enfermeras de la Asociación Brasileña de Enfermería - Sección Piauí, instalarán el nuevo órganoen 1975. Se concluyó que el proceso histórico de creación del Consejo Regional de Enfermería fue permeado por la lucha de lãs enfermeras que participaronen la Sección Piaui de la Asociación de Enfermeras de Brasil.Descriptores: Historia de la Enfermería; sociedades de enfermería, enfermería.
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Guinand, N., T. Just, N. W. Stow, H. Cao Van, and B. N. Landis. "Cutting the chorda tympani: not just a matter of taste." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 124, no. 9 (April 7, 2010): 999–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215110000733.
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AbstractIntroduction:Chorda tympani injury as a complication of middle-ear surgery has been extensively studied with regard to its effects upon taste. However, the chorda tympani also carries parasympathetic fibres to the salivary glands of the oral cavity. To date, little has been reported about the effect of chorda tympani section upon salivary function.Setting:Tertiary care centre.Material and methods:We report a case series of three patients with bilateral chorda tympani lesions. Chorda tympani function was assessed using ‘taste strips’ and unstimulated sialometry. A careful history of oral symptoms was taken.Results:All patients showed transient or permanent bilateral ageusia of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, and a decreased resting salivary flow rate. In addition, all patients suffered from transient or persistent, distressing xerostomia.Conclusion:Taste disorders may occur after middle-ear surgery but they are mostly transient, even when the chorda tympani nerves are sectioned bilaterally. In contrast, bilateral chorda tympani lesions may lead to severe, persistent and distressing xerostomia. Based on this neglected aspect of chorda tympani function, we emphasise the importance of preserving the chorda tympani whenever possible.
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Berger, Shlomo. "A Note on the Opening Sentence of Pirqei Avot in Two Eighteenth-Century Yiddish Editions of the Tract." Zutot 13, no. 1 (March 11, 2016): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18750214-12341279.
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The opening sentence of Pirqei Avot evokes a history of Torah transmission which is also of particular importance in legitimizing the existence and roles of the Oral Torah as an integral section of Torah. Up to the end of the eighteenth century, Yiddish translators of the tract frequently expanded the original Hebrew text while following the strategy of Yiddish translations of the Bible known as Khumesh mit khiber, or ‘a Yiddish rendition with additions’: a Yiddish version of the Hebrew text aimed at providing its reading public a coherent text to understand in their Ashkenazi vernacular. As may be expected, the boundaries between translation and commentary were consequently blurred, but the Yiddish version was nevertheless considered as a translation of the original Hebrew text.
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Garaty, Janice, Lesley Hughes, and Megan Brock. "Seeking the voices of Catholic Teaching Sisters: challenges in the research process." History of Education Review 44, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-03-2014-0022.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to encourage historical research on the educational work of Catholic Sisters in Australia which includes the Sisters’ perspectives. Design/methodology/approach – Reflecting on the experiences of research projects which sought Sisters’ perspectives on their lives and work – from archival, oral and narrative sources – the authors discuss challenges, limitations and ethical considerations. The projects on which the paper is based include: a contextual history of a girls’ school; a narrative history of Sisters in remote areas; an exploration of Sisters’ social welfare work in the nineteenth century, and a history of one section of a teaching order from Ireland. Findings – After discussing difficulties and constraints in accessing convent archives, issues in working with archival documents and undertaking a narrative history through interviews the authors suggest strategies for research which includes the Sisters’ voices. Originality/value – No one has written about the processes of researching the role of Catholic Sisters in Australian education. Whilst Sisters have been significant providers of schooling since the late nineteenth century there is a paucity of research on the topic. Even rarer is research which seeks the Sisters’ voices on their work. As membership of Catholic women’s religious orders is diminishing in Australia there is an urgent need to explore and analyse their endeavours. The paper will assist researchers to do so.
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Moghbeli, Fateme, Mostafa Langarizadeh, Yashil Ahadi Moghadam, and Susan Hasanpour Heidari. "Design the Conceptual Model of Teleconsultation System for Dental Diseases." Frontiers in Health Informatics 8, no. 1 (October 2, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30699/fhi.v8i1.205.
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Introduction: Worldwide, people living in rural and remote area with the lack of access to medical care are vulnerable. Despite of improvement in dentistry, dental caries is still one of the prevalent problems among people. By using tele-dentistry and transforming electronic patient information, dental services can be delivered specially in remote area so leads to improve public dental health.Methods: This is an applied development study and 24 dentists and dental radiologists were participated in this survey. The questionnaire was filled out by participant to obtain information about requirement for designing the conceptual model for teleconsultation system for dental problems. Collected data was analyzed by descriptive statics with SPSS version 22 software.Results: According to results patient name and last name, gender, emergency level, sign of the problem, patient history in patient demographic and clinical information section and in system capabilities section, dedicate the space for dentist to diagnosis and the space for seeing diagnosis report by patient was the 100 percent requirement considered. After requirement analysis conceptual model as use case diagram was designed.Conclusion: According to results, using tele-dentistry can improve relationship between specialists and patients without considering the distance and eventually improve public oral health in society.
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Banks, Elizabeth, Robyn d'Avignon, and Asif Siddiqi. "Introduction." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 41, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-8916911.
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AbstractThis special themed section examines the multilayered engagements between Africa and the Soviet Union as a central, if overlooked, global encounter of the mid-twentieth century. We call this worldview and the entanglements it generated the “African-Soviet Modern,” an asymmetrical combination of aspiration, materiality, and practice that was rooted in diverse African states and in the Soviet Union. As an analytical category, the African-Soviet Modern speaks to the gap between the grand rhetorical and ideological scope of the Cold War moment and the relatively discrete channels in which it materialized, which gave this mode of thinking a particular vitality and instability. African-Soviet entanglements unfolded in an expansive and uneven geography that incorporated diverse regions of Africa, the USSR, and beyond. Avoiding the temporal and spatial silos of either Soviet or African history, the four essays in this section focus on the spaces where African and Soviet students, politicians, and scientists interacted with one another, creating “connected chronologies” and complementary archives of evidence. Weaving together documentary and oral sources, these articles recover a global entanglement that was energized by unbounded political, economic, and technological aspiration, but that produced an uneven material footprint in newly independent African states.
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Franklin, Simon. "Printing and Social Control in Russia 2: Decrees." Russian History 38, no. 4 (2011): 467–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633111x594560.
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AbstractOn 16 March 1714 Peter I issued a decree on the printing of decrees. Previously all decrees (ukazy), and indeed almost all legislative texts apart from the 1649 law code (Ulozhenie) of Aleksei Mikhailovich, had been issued in manuscript and disseminated through hand-written copies and oral proclamation. Peter's decree on the use of print was a landmark in the administrative uses of printing in Russia. It was intended as such by Peter, and perceived as such by his successors. The continued success of this initiative is contrasted with the repeated failure of other projects for the systematic use of printing in legislation: the attempts to produce a new systematic code, and to publish regular chronological compilations of laws. This article considers the context, implications, and consequences of Peter's innovative ruling. The main questions under consideration are: why had printing not been used for these purposes earlier? what specific functions was the technology called upon to fulfil? and what were its relations with other technologies? Particular attention is paid to the perceived and actual roles of printing as an aid to (i) distribution, (ii) standardization, and (iii) the emblematic projection of authority. In each case, printing is considered not in isolation, but in its relations with the uses of manuscript and speech. A final section considers some ways in which Peter's instruction was followed or adapted by his 18th-century successors.
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Kessenikh, Aleksander. "Spin Temperature and Dynamic Nuclear Polarization. From the History of Researches (1953 – 1983)." Substantia 5, no. 2 (September 9, 2021): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/substantia-1224.
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An attempt is proposed in the most concise form to provide the reader with a history of research and applications of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). The main attention is paid to the first three decades of DNP research, and the history of the discovery and development of multiparticle DNP and its relationship with the spin temperature approximation are outlined in some detail. The article emphasizes the role of such researchers as Anatol Abraham, Maurice Goldman, Michel Borghini, Thomas Wenckebach, Vadim Atsarkin, Boris Provotorov, Maya Rodak, Mortko Kozhushner, Levan Buishvili, Givi Khutsishvili. As far as possible, the contributions of many other scientists are considered. The establishment of a uniform temperature for nuclear spins due to the effect of spin diffusion was first proposed by Nicholas Blombergen in 1949. The content of the article is based on the bibliography available in the public domains, in particular on the memoirs of the research participants, and first of all on the materials of Atsarkin's 1978 review in Sov. Phys. Uspekhi and on the oral history of the development of the multiparticle concept of DNP effects, recorded from the speeches of the participants of the Moscow seminar "Problems of Magnetic Resonance" in 2001. A simplified description of the effects of DNP and a summary of the history of their discovery is given in section “Introduction”. The shortest biographical data and portraits of participants in the DNP study are given in Appendix 1, and a selected bibliography on the problems of DNP and spin temperatures is given in Appendix 2. The bibliography divided into four sections according to the time and type of publication (I - historical research, memoirs; II – monographs, reviews; III - original publications 1953 - 1983; IV – some original publications of a later time, mainly during the transformation of DNP into an method for the implementation of nuclear magnetic spectroscopy and tomography in the interests of chemistry, biochemistry and medicine). The widespread use of DNP methods is evidenced, for example, by the fact, that by now company Bruker BioSpin has installed about 50 gyrotron based spectrometers for DNP operating upto 593 GHz worldwide to date.
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Killingray, David. "African voices from two world wars." Historical Research 74, no. 186 (November 1, 2001): 425–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2281.00136.
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Abstract Hundreds of thousands of African soldiers and labourers served in colonial armies during the two World Wars. Most were non-literate and there are relatively few first-hand records of their experiences. Using oral evidence, soldiers' letters and official reports, this article allows the African voice to describe the role of individual men as they enlisted, or were conscripted; the period of initial training; the encounter with new forms of clothing, food and the artefacts of the modern world; travel overseas by ship to the war theatre; the face of battle; leave in foreign cities; and the stresses of long absence from wives and families. A final section looks at the process of demobilization and home-coming and places in perspective the involvement of ex-servicemen in nationalist politics after 1945.
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Auerbach, Michael, and Harold Ballard. "Clinical Use of Intravenous Iron: Administration, Efficacy, and Safety." Hematology 2010, no. 1 (December 4, 2010): 338–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2010.1.338.
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AbstractThis section reviews the history, pharmacology, administration, efficacy, and toxicity of intravenous iron. Intravenous iron offers advantages over oral iron for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia across a wide range of disease states associated with absolute and functional iron deficiency. However, there remain concerns about the acute safety profiles of the available preparations and the potential for long-term toxicity with their repeated administration. Seven intravenous iron formulations are available. Confusion concerning the relative toxicities of the different formulations abounds. The similarities and differences are discussed. Iron repletion has been associated with adverse outcomes in infections. The relationship, if any, between intravenous iron administration and infections is reviewed. The potential advantages of total dose infusion (TDI), complete repletion in a single setting, are highlighted. A new paradigm for iron replacement therapy in iron deficiency anemia is presented.
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Mufti, Ghulam, Alan F. List, Steven D. Gore, and Aloysius Y. L. Ho. "Myelodysplastic Syndrome." Hematology 2003, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 176–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2003.1.176.
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Abstract The last decade has witnessed a multistep evolution in the understanding of the natural history, clinical manifestations, and some of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the ineffective hematopoiesis and leukemic transformation in the myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The international prognostic scoring system, FAB, and WHO classifications have helped define specific subgroups with their characteristic cytogenetic, molecular and immunological abnormalities. Until recently the mainstay of the treatment has been entirely supportive with blood and platelet transfusions. What is increasingly manifest now is the considerable excitement generated by the emergence of novel therapeutic strategies based on painstaking research findings from the laboratories. In Section I, Dr. Alan List reviews the therapeutic strategies with the specific emphasis on the relevance of molecular mechanism of apoptosis and targeted therapies using small molecules. Of particular interest is the excitement surrounding the clinical benefit obtained from potent immunomodulatory derivative (IMiD) of thalidomide CC5013. The review provides an update of the role of small molecule inhibitors of VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase, arsenic trioxide, oral matrix metalloprotease inhibitors, farnesyl transferase inhibitors, and imatinib mesylate in the treatment of MDS subgroups. In Section II, Dr. Steven Gore describes the results of clinical trials of inhibitors of DNA methylation such as 5 azacytidine (5 AC) and 5-aza 2-deoxycytidine (Decitabine). The review also provides an update on the rationale and results obtained from the combination therapy using histone deacetylases (HDAC) and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors in the treatment of MDS. In Section III, Professor Ghulam Mufti and Dr. Aloysius Ho describe the role of bone marrow transplantation with particular emphasis on recent results from reduced-intensity conditioned transplants, exploiting the graft versus leukemia effect without significant early treatment-related mortality. The section provides an update on the results obtained from the manipulation of the host’s immune system with immunosuppressive agents such as ALG and/or cyclosporine A.
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Subekti, Arif. "Ekspansi Kompeni Hingga Sanad Kiai-Santri: Sejarah Islamisasi Ujung Timur Pulau Jawa Abad XVII—XX." SHAHIH : Journal of Islamicate Multidisciplinary 2, no. 1 (June 21, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/shahih.v2i1.686.
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This study aims to examine the history of Islamization missionary in Banyuwangi, Eastern Java from 17th century to 20th century. This study identifies the agent of Islamization, motive, a model of da'wah, as well as narrating the attitude and form of acceptance of the Banyuwangi communities. This study deals with a historical approach to gain the answer to the research questions and uses the primary and secondary data such as archives, oral sources, and some relevant references. The conclusions of this study are; first, the Eastern Java was the last section region of Islamization in Java; second, the collaboration of colonial power and the Kingdom of Mataram played important role in Islamization process; third, the depopulation has direct relation toward Islamization and domination of Java and Madura ethnicity; fourth, the chain of Islamic scientific and teacher-students relationships describe the teacher-student lines of Islamization.
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Eldor, Amiram. "Thrombophilia, Thrombosis and Pregnancy." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 86, no. 07 (2001): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1616206.
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SummaryThe risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in pregnancy is 0.05-1.8%, six times greater than in the non-pregnant state, and pulmonary embolism remains the most common cause of maternal death. Maternal age, previous history of VTE, Caesarean section and the presence of thrombophilia, significantly increase the risk of VTE. Acquired or hereditary thrombophilia occur in almost two-thirds of women presenting with recurrent miscarriages, pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, abruptio placentae, or stillbirth, which are associated with microvascular thrombosis in placental blood vessels. Women with VTE during pregnancy and especially those with thrombophilia require individualized management, based on the type of defect, the family history and the presence of additional risk factors. These factors are important in determining the dose and duration of antithrombotic therapy during pregnancy and the puerperium, and the thromboprophylactic strategy for future pregnancies. Oral anticoagulants are now seldom used during pregnancy because of their significant side effects. Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) are increasingly replacing unfractionated heparin in the prevention and treatment of VTE during pregnancy. LMWHs have also been shown to be effective in improving the outcome of pregnancy in women with previous obstetric complications.
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Sabir, Brahim, Bouzekri Touri, and Mohamed Moussetad. "Development of a Minimum Protocol for the Assessment of Communication Disorders within Moroccan Students." Open Public Health Journal 9, no. 1 (August 31, 2016): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944501609010038.
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Background:The present paper aims at establishing a minimum assessment protocol to estimate the prevalence of communication disorders, their severity and the correlation between identified communication disorders and oral communication activities among students.Material and Methods:A questionnaire was built using assessments published in current literature, which consists of 14 sections.The first section gathers demographic information such as age, gender, and level of education as well as history of speech therapy services (e.g.“do you consult a speech therapist?”).The second section asks about the ability to communicate verbally in public in social situations and the possible causes that impact a student’s ability to communicate effectively.The third section deals with the attitudes of the student before, during and after communicating, specifically focusing on questions related to stuttering.The proposed assessment also identified the severity of stuttering as well as any secondary behaviours associated with stuttering (e.g.eye blinking, tics, face spasms,etc.).Sections 4 through 13 are concerned with questions related to communication disorders such as: articulation disorders, language delays, dysphasia, swallowing disorders, hearing loss, cleft lip or palate, aphasia, attention disorders, dyslexia, and dysphonia.The last section deals with acoustic analysis, using Praat Software, where a recording of the sustained vowel /a/ is performed by each participant in order to have an overview of the following acoustic parameters: pitch, harmonics to noise ratio, shimmer and jitter.Participants included in this study were between 18 and 22 years of age who were in their 1stor 2ndyear of department of science of the Ben M’Sik College -University Hassan II Mohammedia.Results:The questionnaire was completed by 170 students, which insures a confidence interval of 4 and confidence level of 95%.Among the sample, 58% of students are male, and 42% are female.The studied sample demonstrated that 75% of the students do not feel comfortable when engaging in verbal communication in social situation, which was highly correlated with stuttering.Lack of self-confidence, stage fright, lack of experience, shyness and the presence of an important group are 80% of the causes students do not feel at ease when publicly speaking in front of an unfamiliar group.The study revealed that 20% of students had fluency disorders, 15% had articulation disorders, 21% had swallowing disorders, 19% had dysphasia, 1% of the students had hearing loss, 14% had attention disorders, 10% had dyslexia, and 6% had dysphonia.The major finding of the present paper was that 54% of the students studied were identified as having a language delay.Subjective assessments of the communication disorders are complemented with objective assessments based on acoustic analysis of the sustained vowel /a/ recorded from the studied sample.Based on the conducted research, we found that communication disorders impact the oral communication activities with a percent of 27%.By using objective assessments to analyse the threshold of acoustic parameters such as jitter, shimmer, mean harmonic to noise ratio and minimum and maximum pitch, we can determine the presence or absence of a voice disorder.Conclusion:The present paper proposes a ready-to-use assessment of communication disorders.The proposed model can be used with large groups as well as with individual students.Subjective assessment used in combination with objective assessments allow for a complete evaluation of communication disorders.
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Fletcher, Jane, Amelia Swift, Martin Hewison, and Sheldon C. Cooper. "Screening and Treatment of Vitamin D Deficiency in UK Patients with Crohn’s Disease: Self-Reported Practice among Gastroenterologists." Nutrients 12, no. 4 (April 11, 2020): 1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041064.
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Currently, there is no UK national recommendation to measure vitamin D levels in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Patients with IBD are at risk of developing vitamin D deficiency with the highest prevalence frequently reported in those with Crohn’s disease (CD). Treating vitamin D deficiency as part of CD management continues to be of interest. Our aim was to identify influences on practice and self-reported practice among British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG)-IBD section members in the screening and the treatment of vitamin D deficiency in patients with CD. A web-based survey was distributed via email to members of the BSG-IBD section. Reported screening practice was generally annual in those with a history of previous surgery related to CD or small bowel CD. A total of 83% of respondents (n = 64) thought that vitamin D levels should be routinely monitored in patients with CD. Treatments for mild/moderate deficiency included increased sunlight exposure (mean frequency = 21, SD = 15) and dietary advice (mean frequency = 22, SD = 14); in moderate/severe deficiency, oral supplementation was recommended (mean frequency = 14, SD = 13). Respondents reported factors most likely to influence practice, including clearer evidence and guidance. Well conducted studies in CD patients with identified vitamin D deficiency are needed to inform national guidance and clinical practice.
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Law, Robin. "“Central and Eastern Wangara:” An Indigenous West African Perception of the Political and Economic Geography of the Slave Coast as Recorded by Joseph Dupuis in Kumasi, 1820." History in Africa 22 (January 1995): 281–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171918.
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The mission of Joseph Dupuis, sent as British Consul to Kumasi, the capital of Asante, in 1820, is well known, principally through his own journal of it, published in 1824. In addition to his negotiations with the Asante authorities, Dupuis collected information on Asante history, and on the geography not only of Asante itself but also of neighboring and remoter countries in the interior—the latter presented in Part II of his Journal, entitled “On the Geography of Western Africa” [I-CXV]. His principal informants on both Asante history and West African geography were African Muslims whom he met in Kumasi, and with whom he was able to converse in Arabic. The geographical information was transmitted in part in the form of Arabic manuscripts, some (or perhaps all) of which Dupuis presented, in transcription and translation, in an appendix of “geographical documents” [cxxiv-cxxxv]; but supplementary information was obtained orally in conversations, some passages from which Dupuis purports to reproduce verbatim [XLII-XLIV].The information which Dupuis obtained can usefully be compared with similar (but, as regards the interior, generally less extensive) material collected by Edward Bowdich on an earlier mission to Kumasi in 1817. Dupuis himself was frequently critical of alleged inaccuracies and confusions in Bowdich's account, though not always with justification. It is noteworthy that he read over at least one section of Bowdich's account to his informants in Kumasi, to obtain their comments on it [XVIII]—an interesting illustration of the potential for interaction between written texts and oral information in Africa even in precolonial times, in a manner more complex than that of “feedback” from written into oral data most commonly discussed by historians.
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Reino, Anthony J., William Lawson, and Peter Som. "Inflammatory Pseudotumor of the Maxillary Sinus: Case Reports and Review of the Literature." American Journal of Rhinology 9, no. 1 (January 1995): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/105065895781874123.
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The term inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) has been applied to a benign, reactive, non-neoplastic and inflammatory space occupying lesion that clinically and radiographically mimics a neoplasm. Histologically, IPT is composed of polymorphous inflammatory cell infiltrates and variable fibrous stroma containing thick walled blood vessels. Aggressive pseudotumors must be distinguished from malignancy to avoid unnecessary surgery or irradiation. Some cases can be differentiated from neoplasms by their dramatic response to oral steroid therapy. Because of the diverse cellular proliferation, diagnosis can be difficult, especially on frozen section study. Primary pseudotumor of the maxillary sinus is an extremely rare entity. An extensive review of the literature has produced only four reported cases. We describe six cases of pseudotumor of the maxillary sinus that had clinical and radiographic findings suggesting neoplasia. The purpose of this paper is to report these new cases of maxillary sinus pseudotumor and to better define its natural history, criteria for diagnosis, and selection of treatment.
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Amit, Aaron. "Schismata and ʾAgudot: The Prohibition against Creating Factions in Paul's First Epistle to the Corinthians and Rabbinic Literature." AJS Review 44, no. 2 (October 26, 2020): 228–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009420000094.
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AbstractPaul opens his First Epistle to the Corinthians with the exhortation “Now I appeal to you, brothers [and sisters], … that there be no divisions among you, but that you be united in the same mind and the same purpose” (1:10). This plea is strikingly similar to a passage in Sifre Deuteronomy 96, where the words lo titgodedu are interpreted as “Do not be made into gatherings/factions [ʾagudot]; rather, be all of you one gathering [ʾagudah].” Analyzing these sources in depth, this article argues that Paul was familiar with this early rabbinic midrash in an oral form. It also explores the possibility that Paul used another early rabbinic tradition on unity, which is found in the Mekhilta de-miluʾim section of the Sifra. If Paul indeed knew certain rabbinic oral traditions, then he was an independent interpreter of Scripture, who read Scripture in the original Hebrew. Further, even if Paul's audience consisted primarily of gentiles, the legal norms he sought to institute among them were based on Jewish traditions. Finally, Paul follows his exhortation against schismata with the names of specific groups in Corinth, which demonstrates that he understood the tannaitic tradition as a normative principle, meant to be applied to specific disagreements. If so, other first-century Jews also likely understood lo titgodedu as a concrete halakhic prohibition.
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Gupta, Archita. "Re-‘Writing’ and Reconstructing History of Tripura through Image-Text-Culture Representation: An Analysis of Comicbook Senapati Ray Kachag." IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies (ISSN 2455-2526) 8, no. 1 (July 27, 2017): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jems.v8.n1.p6.
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This paper attempts to analyze comic book Senapati Ray Kachag based on the fifteenth century chivalrous Reang General of King Dhanyamanikya, as a comprehensive document recording Tripura’s historical and geographical facts, history of art and culture through image and text. It presents a non-conventional and non- canonical history of Tripura. In the course of this paper attempts will also be made to explore the populist appeal of visual texts evidenced by the existing academic pedagogy of comprehending History through story boards. In comic book mould the historical legend of Tripura, Ray Kachag and his story find an alternative expression using myth, folk-lore, folk life and culture as its ingredients and reconstructs history concerning oral historical traces defying monolithic ‘writing’ .The inclusion of Jamichalang, a folk hero of Tripura is interesting as he eludes and deludes any historical traces. He is a historical as he denies age and time by resisting the prime determiner of canonical and conventional historical documentation viz. chronology. This paper explores this visual text as an interdisciplinary field of study linking history, culture and literature expanding the frontier of knowledge in the discipline of history. History is always accompanied with some obscurity and half-visibility, and this obscurity in fact, facilitates the canonical history formation that involves the politics of inclusion or exclusion. . Adapting the comic book medium, the writer –illustrator of Senapati Ray Kachag Alak Dasgupta presents a blending of fact and fiction, humour and history. The list of books in acknowledgement section is documented, conventional and canonical history written more or less from the perspective of royalty of Tripura. To consider Senapati Ray Kachag a conventional history or legend would be erroneous as no attempt has been made to situate him in such way so far. This paper thus aims to enforce the idea of folk culture and life of Tripura forming a distinct thematic perspective, reconstructing history tracing the presence of a culture integral to historical process but absent in conventional and canonical history.
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Shariff, Mudassar A. "Anatomical site-wise distribution of upper aerodigestive tract malignancies in a rural population." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 4, no. 6 (October 24, 2018): 1394. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20184349.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Upper aerodigestive tract malignancies constitute approximately 4% of all malignancies. These include cancers of the various sites of the upper aerodigestive tract where malignant lesions can be found such as the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, oral cavity and it’s sub-sites, oropharynx, larynx and hypopharynx. Malignancies of these sites are found to be common in people from lower socio-economic strata. Tobacco and alcohol are considered as risk factors for it’s development.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient section of Department of ENT, at Chamarajanagar Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Chamarajanagar, India, for a period of 1 years 10 months from October 2014 to July 2016. During the study period, 100 cases that were diagnosed as having upper aerodigestive tract malignancy by histopathology were included in the study group. The aim of this study is to determine the epidemiology, clinical features and anatomical site-wise distribution of malignancy in the study group. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Oral cavity was the commonest site where malignancy developed in the upper aerodigestive tract followed by the larynx. Malignant disease was more common in males and in the elderly. Majority of the patients who developed malignancy had history of tobacco and alcohol consumption.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Oral cavity malignancy is common in rural population, is associated with tobacco chewing and is more common in elderly male. </p>