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1

Neufeld, Ellis J. "Oral chelators deferasirox and deferiprone for transfusional iron overload in thalassemia major: new data, new questions." Blood 107, no. 9 (2006): 3436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2006-02-002394.

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For nearly 30 years, patients with transfusional iron overload have depended on nightly deferoxamine infusions for iron chelation. Despite dramatic gains in life expectancy in the deferoxamine era for patients with transfusion-dependent anemias, the leading cause of death for young adults with thalassemia major and related disorders has been cardiac disease from myocardial iron deposition. Strategies to reduce cardiac disease by improving chelation regimens have been of the highest priority. These strategies have included development of novel oral iron chelators to improve compliance, improved
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2

Cabantchik, Z. I., G. Link, H. Glickstein, et al. "Deferasirox (Exjade®, ICL670): A Journey into Labile Iron Centers of Living Cardiomyocytes." Blood 106, no. 11 (2005): 824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.824.824.

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Abstract Introduction and Aims: Iron toxicity that prevails in iron overload is associated with forms of labile cell iron (LCI) that appear in tissues such as heart, endocrine glands and liver. The primary goal of chelation is to reduce LCI appearance by preventing the entry of labile plasma iron into cells and by chelating LCI. The present study was aimed at evaluating the capacity of the novel oral iron chelator deferasirox (a) to access cardiomyocytes and chelate LCI in the cell organelles harboring labile iron and thereby prevent its involvement in reactive oxidant species (ROS) formation
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3

Nathan, David G. "Oral iron chelation: new drug, old rules." Blood 111, no. 2 (2008): 483–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-11-123349.

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4

Neufeld, Ellis J. "Update on Iron Chelators in Thalassemia." Hematology 2010, no. 1 (2010): 451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2010.1.451.

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Abstract Over the past four decades, there have been dramatic improvements in survival for patients with thalassemia major due in large measure to improved iron chelators. Two chelators are approved for use in the United States and Canada, parenteral deferoxamine and oral deferasirox. Three are available in much of the rest of the world, where oral deferiprone is also approved (in the United States, deferiprone is only available in studies, for emergency use, or on a “compassionate-use” basis). Many trials and worldwide clinical experience demonstrate that each of the three drugs can chelate a
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5

Barua, Tanuka, Golam Mohammed Tayab Ali, Rana Chowdhury, Dhananjoy Das, Showrov Barua Chowdhury, and Mahmud Ahmed Chowdhury Arzu. "Barriers to Adherence to Iron Chelation Therapy in Thalassemia Patients." Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College Journal 20, no. 2 (2021): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v20i2.56473.

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Background: Thalassemias are the most common inheritable blood disorders requiring regular blood transfusions and iron chelating therapy. Non-adherence to iron chelation therapy increases complications and is a problem in treating thalassemia. To assess the reasons of non-adherence to iron chelating drug in treating thalassemia.
 Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the thalassemia ward of Chattogram Maa Shishu-O-General Hospital, Chattogram from July, 2013 to June, 2014. 70 thalassemia patients aged 2-18 years previously treated with iron chela
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6

Hoffbrand, A. Victor, Ali Taher, and Maria Domenica Cappellini. "How I treat transfusional iron overload." Blood 120, no. 18 (2012): 3657–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-05-370098.

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Abstract Patients with β-thalassemia major (TM) and other refractory anemias requiring regular blood transfusions accumulate iron that damages the liver, endocrine system, and most importantly the heart. The prognosis in TM has improved remarkably over the past 10 years. This improvement has resulted from the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, especially T2*, to accurately measure cardiac and liver iron, and from the availability of 3 iron-chelating drugs. In this article we describe the use of MRI to determine which adult and pediatric patients need to begin iron chel
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7

Delea, T. E., K. El Ouagari, and O. Sofrygin. "Cost of Current Iron Chelation Infusion Therapy and Cost-Effectiveness of Once-Daily Oral Deferasirox in Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia Patients in Canada." Blood 108, no. 11 (2006): 3349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.3349.3349.

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Abstract Background: Deferasirox (Exjade®) is a recently approved once-daily oral chelator that has been shown to produce reductions in liver iron concentrations and serum ferritin similar to those with infusional deferoxamine (Desferal®), in patients with β-thalassemia major or sickle cell disease (SCD) and chronic iron overload from blood transfusions. The objective of this study was to estimate the cost of deferoxamine administration in Canada and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of deferasirox versus deferoxamine for chronic iron overload from blood transfusions from the Ontario provincial
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8

Grady, Robert W., Maria Sitarou, Renzo Galanello, et al. "Efficacy of the Novel Oral Iron Chelator Deferitrin in Metabolic Iron Balance Studies." Blood 110, no. 11 (2007): 2775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.2775.2775.

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Abstract Deferiprone (L1, Ferriprox) and deferasirox (ICL670, Exjade), two orally effective iron-chelating agents, have revolutionized the management of iron overload. Nonetheless, neither drug is effective in all patients, deferoxamine (DFO) still being the only drug capable of placing all affected individuals in net negative iron balance. Deferitrin (4,5-dihydro-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-methylthiazole-4(S)-carboxylic acid, GT56-252), is a tridentate ligand with a demonstrated efficacy and an acceptable toxicity profile in preclinical evaluations in primates. In Phase 1 studies, it was well
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9

Nyffenegger, Naja, Anna Flace, Cédric Doucerain, Franz Dürrenberger та Vania Manolova. "The Oral Ferroportin Inhibitor VIT-2763 Improves Erythropoiesis without Interfering with Iron Chelation Therapy in a Mouse Model of β-Thalassemia". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, № 2 (2021): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020873.

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In β-thalassemia, ineffective erythropoiesis leads to anemia and systemic iron overload. The management of iron overload by chelation therapy is a standard of care. However, iron chelation does not improve the ineffective erythropoiesis. We recently showed that the oral ferroportin inhibitor VIT-2763 ameliorates anemia and erythropoiesis in the Hbbth3/+ mouse model of β-thalassemia. In this study, we investigated whether concurrent use of the iron chelator deferasirox (DFX) and the ferroportin inhibitor VIT-2763 causes any pharmacodynamic interactions in the Hbbth3/+ mouse model of β-thalassem
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10

Basu, Tapasree, Bipul Kumar, Anil K. Shendge, et al. "An Indian Desert Shrub ‘Hiran Chabba’, Farsetia hamiltonii Royle, Exhibits Potent Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effect Against Iron- Overload Induced Liver Toxicity in Swiss Albino Mice." Current Drug Discovery Technologies 16, no. 2 (2019): 210–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570163815666180418150123.

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Background:Farsetia hamiltonii Royle, also known as Hiran Chabba grows in desert regions. It is widely used as folk medicine to treat joint pains, diarrhea and diabetes. However, its antioxidant and iron chelation abilities both in vitro and in vivo have not yet been investigated.Methods:The 70% methanolic extract of F. hamiltonii (FHME) was investigated for its free radical scavenging and iron chelation potential, in vitro. An iron-overload situation was established by intraperitoneal injection of iron-dextran in Swiss albino mice, followed by oral administration of FHME. Liver damage and ser
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11

Wood, John C., Amber Jones, Hugh Y. Rienhoff, and Ellis J. Neufeld. "Liver Iron Concentration Estimates by R2* Are More Robust Than by Ferriscan During Rapid Changes in Iron Burden." Blood 118, no. 21 (2011): 5296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.5296.5296.

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Abstract Abstract 5296 Introduction: MRI assessment of LIC concentration is increasing utilized as the primary outcome variable of clinical trials for iron chelation. The MRI parameters R2 and R2* can both be used for this purpose but have slightly different sensitivities to the scale and distribution of tissue iron deposits. As a result, these techniques may provide significantly disparate results in any given patient and may diverge following abrupt changes in chelation therapy. It is not practical, nor ethical, to use liver biopsy to validate R2 and R2* LIC measures on a short time scale. T
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12

Gattermann, Norbert, Oliver Leismann, Rudolf Schlag, et al. "Deferasirox (Exjade®) Treatment of Chelation-Naive and Pre-Chelated MDS Patients with Transfusional Iron-Overload in the Medical Practice:Results From the Observational Studies Extend and Exjange." Blood 114, no. 22 (2009): 3805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.3805.3805.

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Abstract Abstract 3805 Poster Board III-741 Background Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions on a regular basis are unavoidable in a variety of chronic anemias. Unfortunately, chronic transfusion therapy leads to iron overload (IOL) since the body cannot actively remove excess iron. Transfusional IOL can cause severe organ damage, as exemplified by thalassemia major patients in the past. Many patients (pts) with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) also need regular RBC transfusions and are thus threatened by secondary hemochromatosis. Deferasirox (Exjade®), an oral iron chelator taken once-daily, has
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13

Chirnomas, Deborah, Amber Lynn Smith, Jennifer Braunstein, et al. "Deferasirox pharmacokinetics in patients with adequate versus inadequate response." Blood 114, no. 19 (2009): 4009–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-05-222729.

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AbstractTens of thousands of transfusion-dependent (eg, thalassemia) patients worldwide suffer from chronic iron overload and its potentially fatal complications. The oral iron chelator deferasirox has become commercially available in many countries since 2006. Although this alternative to parenteral deferoxamine has been a major advance for patients with transfusional hemosiderosis, a proportion of patients have suboptimal response to the maximum approved doses (30 mg/kg per day), and do not achieve negative iron balance. We performed a prospective study of oral deferasirox pharmacokinetics (
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14

Pepe, Alessia, Antonella Meloni, Giuseppe Rossi, et al. "Direct Cost Analysis About The Three Chelators For The Treatment Of Thalassemia Patients With Chronic Iron Overload: An Italian Perspective From The MIOT Network." Blood 122, no. 21 (2013): 5605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.5605.5605.

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Abstract Introduction In thalassemia major (TM) three iron chelators in monotherapy are available to treat chronic iron overload due to blood transfusions: subcutaneous desferrioxamine (DFO) introduced in the 1960s, oral deferiprone introduced in 1999 and oral deferasirox (DFX) licensed in 2006. Nowadays pharmacoeconomics analysis are frequently required by the health authorities due to the actual economic crisis. The aim should be to ensure to the whole community the sustainability for health care of proved quality. The objective of this study was to determine the costs of the three chelators
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15

Tony, Surekha, Murtadha K. Al-Khabori, Ashraf Abdullah Saad, Shahina Daar, Mathew Zachariah, and Yasser Wali. "Dose Optimization of Deferasirox in Chelation Naïve Children with Thalassemia Major." Blood 118, no. 21 (2011): 5294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.5294.5294.

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Abstract Abstract 5294 Background: Deferasirox is a relatively new once-daily oral iron chelator widely used for patients with thalassemia major. Efficacy of deferasirox has been evaluated in pediatric and adult patients with thalassemia and transfusion-dependent anemias. Experience with deferasirox in pediatric patients with thalassemia major is mainly in heavily iron loaded patients with a history of prior iron chelation. There are no current reports available on its use in chelation naïve very young patients with thalassemia major. Material and Methods: Ten chelation naive children (mean a
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16

Neufeld, Ellis J., Renzo Galanello, Vip Viprakasit, et al. "A phase 2 study of the safety, tolerability, and pharmacodynamics of FBS0701, a novel oral iron chelator, in transfusional iron overload." Blood 119, no. 14 (2012): 3263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-10-386268.

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Abstract This was a 24-week, multicenter phase- 2 study designed to assess safety, tolerability, and pharmacodynamics of FBS0701, a novel oral chelator, in adults with transfusional iron overload. Fifty-one patients, stratified by transfusional iron intake, were randomized to FBS0701 at either 14.5 or 29 mg/kg/d (16 and 32 mg/kg/d salt form). FBS0701 was generally well tolerated at both doses. Forty-nine patients (96%) completed the study. There were no drug-related serious adverse events. No adverse events (AEs) showed dose-dependency in frequency or severity. Treatment-related nausea, vomiti
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17

Dhar, Tushit, Vaishali Tomar, and Subhash Dadeya. "Bilateral Nuclear Cataract with Deferasirox in a Patient of Beta-thalassemia: A Case Report and Literature Review." Delhi Journal of Ophthalmology 34, no. 2 (2024): 139–41. https://doi.org/10.4103/dljo.dljo_10_24.

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We report the case of a 15-year-old child with beta-thalassemia developing bilateral cataracts while receiving deferasirox, a newer iron chelator. She had been taking deferasirox for the past 10 years while receiving monthly blood transfusions. A slit-lamp examination revealed a central cataract having nuclear morphology in both eyes. Lenticular opacities in beta-thalassemia patients typically do not involve the visual axis and are known to correlate positively with deferoxamine and deferiprone. With deferasirox increasingly superseding deferoxamine as an oral chelator, we delineate the morpho
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18

Gumruk, Fatma, Sule Unal, Turan Bayhan, Tuncay Hazirolan, A. Murat Tuncer, and Mualla Cetin. "Twice Daily Use of Deferasirox Is More Effective in Decreasing Serum Ferritin." Blood 124, no. 21 (2014): 2675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.2675.2675.

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Abstract Patients with beta-thalassemia major (BTM) are prone to tissue iron overloading in case that not adequately chelated. Among the iron chelators, development of oral chelators have improved patients’adherence to treatment. Deferasirox is a tridentate iron chelator, used once daily with a half life of 8-16 hours. The negative chelation effect is achieved at doses above 30 mg/kg/day and the currently FDA-approved maximum dose for use in patients is 40 mg/kg/day. However, some of the deferasirox side effects are dose-dependent increasing the occurences of adverse events at high doses. Addi
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19

Pootrakul, Pensri, Wanida Chua-anusorn, Adam Fleming та ін. "Non-Invasive Monitoring of Hepatic Iron Concentration during Oral Chelation in Patients with Non-Regularly Transfused β-Thalassemia/Hb E Disease." Blood 104, № 11 (2004): 3615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.3615.3615.

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Abstract Current non-invasive measurement techniques of hepatic iron concentration (HIC) include magnetic susceptometry (SQUID) and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods utilising T2 and T2*. HIC can be quantified through image measurement of the proton transverse relaxation rate (R2) (St. Pierre et al Blood 2004). The potential for using the St Pierre method to monitor changes in HIC of patients with β-thalassemia/Hb E undergoing iron chelation therapy was investigated. Seventeen non-tansfusion dependant β-thal/Hb E patients who had not previously undergone chelation were studied. Subj
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20

Rienhoff, Hugh Y., ip Viprakasit, Lay H. Tay, et al. "A Phase 1B Dose-Escalation Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of FBS0701, a Novel Oral Iron Chelator for the Treatment of Chronic Iron Overload." Blood 116, no. 21 (2010): 2057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.2057.2057.

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Abstract Abstract 2057 Background: Iron chelators in current use (parenteral deferoxamine, oral deferasirox and deferiprone) are individually efficacious in many patients with transfusion dependent anemias, but each has liabilities relating to safety, ease of administration, patient acceptance, or narrow therapeutic index. The oral chelator FBS0701 is a polyether derivative of the siderophore-related compound, desazadesferrithiocin, a tri-dentate chelator with high affinity binding and selectivity for Fe(III). Animal studies of FBS0701 demonstrated a 4-fold higher no-observable-adverse-effect
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21

Schmid, Mathias, Agnès Guerci-Bresler, Matteo Della Porta, et al. "Deferasirox (Exjade®) Is Effective and Well Tolerated in Chelation-Naive and Previously Chelated Patients with Transfusion-Dependent Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)." Blood 114, no. 22 (2009): 3806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.3806.3806.

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Abstract Abstract 3806 Poster Board III-742 Background Although iron overload in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is a negative prognostic factor for survival, many chronically transfused patients are not regularly evaluated for iron overload and remain unchelated. The once-daily oral iron chelator deferasirox (Exjade®) maintains or reduces body iron in patients with MDS, however, it has not previously been assessed based on chelation history. This analysis therefore evaluates the efficacy and safety of deferasirox in a large population of chelation-naïve and previously chelated
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22

Messa, Emanuela, Ilaria Defilippi, Antonella Roetto, et al. "Deferasirox Is the Only Iron Chelator Acting as a Potent NF-KB Inhibitor in Myelodysplastic Syndromes." Blood 112, no. 11 (2008): 2671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.2671.2671.

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Abstract Iron overload is a critical issue for low risk myelodisplastic syndrome (MDS) patients with a long tranfusional history and often requires chelation therapy. Iron chelation is as an independent prognostic factor for survival in MDS but can also improve haemoglobin level in some cases with different drugs and modalities. Recently a once daily oral chelator Deferasirox became available for the treatment of secondary hemosiderosis also in MDS patients and it has been described an haemoglobin improvement in a many patients within a few months of treatment. Moreover it was demonstrated tha
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23

Huang, Vicky, Cecilia Luini, Ali El-Ali, and Sophia Kessabi. "Iron Chelation Therapy: A Review of the Literature on the Issues and Importance of Adherence to Treatment in Iron Overload." Blood 126, no. 23 (2015): 4748. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.4748.4748.

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Abstract Background: Iron chelation therapy (ICT) is important for chronic conditions where blood transfusions are an essential therapy (eg transfusion-dependent thalassemia [TDT], sickle-cell disease and myelodysplastic syndromes), to avoid serious long-term clinical consequences of iron overload. There are currently three iron chelators licensed to treat iron overload: deferoxamine (DFO; Desferal®), given subcutaneously over 8-12 hours, 5-7 days/week; deferiprone (Ferriprox®), a three-times daily oral chelator; and deferasirox (Exjade®) a once-daily oral chelator, available as a dispersible
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24

Bierer, BE, and DG Nathan. "The effect of desferrithiocin, an oral iron chelator, on T-cell function." Blood 76, no. 10 (1990): 2052–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v76.10.2052.bloodjournal76102052.

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Desferrithiocin is a new, potent, orally available iron chelator. To determine whether this drug might be useful not only for iron-overload but also for immunosuppression, we studied the in vitro effects of desferrithiocin on T-lymphocyte function. Like deferoxamine, desferrithiocin inhibited, in a dose-dependent fashion, mitogen- and lectin-induced proliferation of both human and murine T cells. It was active at a concentration of 10 micrograms/mL. The inhibition of proliferation was reversed by ferrous chloride, but not by other metal salts, recombinant IL-2, or conditioned medium. Desferrit
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25

Bierer, BE, and DG Nathan. "The effect of desferrithiocin, an oral iron chelator, on T-cell function." Blood 76, no. 10 (1990): 2052–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v76.10.2052.2052.

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Abstract Desferrithiocin is a new, potent, orally available iron chelator. To determine whether this drug might be useful not only for iron-overload but also for immunosuppression, we studied the in vitro effects of desferrithiocin on T-lymphocyte function. Like deferoxamine, desferrithiocin inhibited, in a dose-dependent fashion, mitogen- and lectin-induced proliferation of both human and murine T cells. It was active at a concentration of 10 micrograms/mL. The inhibition of proliferation was reversed by ferrous chloride, but not by other metal salts, recombinant IL-2, or conditioned medium.
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26

Junghanss, Christian, Rudolf Schlag, Bernd Gaede, et al. "Effective and Safe Deferasirox Treatment of Patients with Various anemia's and Transfusional Iron-Overload in the Medical Practice: Results From Two German Observational Studies." Blood 118, no. 21 (2011): 5165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.5165.5165.

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Abstract Abstract 5165 Background: Progressive anaemia is highly prevalent amongst many malignant diseases leading to RBC transfusion-dependency. Therefore transfusion-related iron overload (IOL) is common in these patients (pts) and can result in multiple organ failure. Iron chelation therapy prevents organ failure, reduces the risk of infections and can improve hematopoesis in some diseases. The once-daily oral iron chelator deferasirox has been shown to reduce iron overload in pts with various transfusion-dependent anaemias assessed by serum ferritin (SF). Despite extensive knowledge of iro
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27

Bláha, Karel, Miroslav Cikrt, Jana Nerudová, Helena Fornusková, and Premysl Ponka. "Biliary Iron Excretion in Rats Following Treatment With Analogs of Pyridoxal Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone." Blood 91, no. 11 (1998): 4368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v91.11.4368.

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Abstract Iron overload is a major life-threatening complication of thalassemia major and other iron-loading anemias treated by regular blood transfusions. Although the clinical manifestations of iron overload may be prevented by desferrioxamine, the only iron-chelating drug in routine clinical use, this treatment requires subcutaneous infusion of desferrioxamine for 12 hours each day. New orally effective iron chelators are urgently needed, and pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone (PIH), which was first recognized as an effective iron chelator in vitro and subsequently in vivo, shows promise for
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28

Bláha, Karel, Miroslav Cikrt, Jana Nerudová, Helena Fornusková, and Premysl Ponka. "Biliary Iron Excretion in Rats Following Treatment With Analogs of Pyridoxal Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone." Blood 91, no. 11 (1998): 4368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v91.11.4368.411k36_4368_4372.

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Iron overload is a major life-threatening complication of thalassemia major and other iron-loading anemias treated by regular blood transfusions. Although the clinical manifestations of iron overload may be prevented by desferrioxamine, the only iron-chelating drug in routine clinical use, this treatment requires subcutaneous infusion of desferrioxamine for 12 hours each day. New orally effective iron chelators are urgently needed, and pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone (PIH), which was first recognized as an effective iron chelator in vitro and subsequently in vivo, shows promise for the treat
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29

Delea, Thomas E., Simu K. Thomas, Jean-Francois Baladi, and Thomas D. Coates. "Once-Daily Oral Deferasirox (Exjade®, ICL670) Versus Infusional Deferoxamine as Iron Chelation Therapy in Patients with Sickle-Cell Disease Receiving Frequent Transfusions: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis." Blood 106, no. 11 (2005): 5584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.5584.5584.

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Abstract Background. Patients with sickle-cell disease (SCD) receiving chronic transfusions require chelation therapy to prevent complications from iron overload. Although deferoxamine (DFO) is an effective iron chelator, it must be administered as an 8–12 hour infusion 5–7 times per week, leading to poor compliance and/or reduced quality of life. Deferasirox (DSX) is an investigational once-daily oral iron chelator that has been shown to produce reductions in liver iron concentrations and serum ferritin similar in magnitude to those obtained with DFO. Cost-effectiveness (CE) analysis is a tec
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30

Delea, Thomas E., Simu K. Thomas, Jean-Francois Baladi, and Pradyumna D. Phatak. "Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Oral Iron Chelation Therapy with Deferasirox (Exjade®, ICL670) Versus Infusional Chelation Therapy with Deferoxamine in Patients with Transfusion-Dependent Myelodysplastic Syndrome." Blood 106, no. 11 (2005): 5585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.5585.5585.

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Abstract Background. Patients with symptomatic myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) frequently receive chronic transfusions, along with chelation therapy to prevent complications of iron overload. Deferoxamine (DFO) is an effective iron chelator, but must be administered as an 8–12 hour infusion 5–7 times per week, leading to poor compliance and/or reduced quality of life. Deferasirox (DSX) is an investigational once-daily oral iron chelator that has been shown to produce reductions in liver iron concentrations and serum ferritin similar to those obtained with DFO. The objective of this analysis was
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31

Soulières, Denis, Jules Mercier-Ross, Caroline Fradette, Anna Rozova, Yu Chung Tsang, and Fernando Tricta. "The pharmacokinetic and safety profile of single-dose deferiprone in subjects with sickle cell disease." Annals of Hematology 101, no. 3 (2022): 533–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00277-021-04728-0.

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Abstract Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) who undergo repeated blood transfusions often develop iron overload. Deferiprone (Ferriprox®) is an oral iron chelator indicated for the treatment of transfusional iron overload due to thalassemia syndromes and has been recently approved as a treatment for iron overload in adult and pediatric patients with SCD and other anemias. The present study aims to characterize the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of deferiprone (DFP) in adult subjects with SCD. In this phase I, open-label study, subjects with SCD were administered a single 1500 mg dose of DFP
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32

Walter, Patrick B., John Porter, Patricia Evans та ін. "Leukocyte Apoptosis and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in β-Thalassemia Patients Treated with Deferasirox or Deferoxamine." Blood 110, № 11 (2007): 2773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.2773.2773.

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Abstract Iron overload has been shown to increase mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis and may be implicated in leukocyte apoptosis. We assessed whether markers of leukocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction are higher in iron-overloaded thalassemia patients compared with control subjects and whether improvement in the control of iron overload with deferasirox or deferoxamine (DFO) is associated with a change in the level of apoptotic markers. Methods: Thalassemia Clinical Research Network patients participating in the Novartis CICL670A0107 trial (a randomized comparison of deferasiro
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33

Piro, Eugenio, Maria Lentini, Luciano Levato, Antonio Russo, and Stefano Molica. "Sustained Erythroid Response in a Patient with Myelofibrosis Receiving Concomitant Treatment with Ruxolitinib and Deferasirox." Chemotherapy 63, no. 2 (2018): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000486822.

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Iron overload (IOL) due to transfusion-dependent anemia is a serious adverse effect in patients with myelofibrosis (MF). Recent studies have shown that the oral iron chelator deferasirox may prevent multiple organ damage due to IOL in MF. However, it is not clear whether deferasirox may contribute to revert transfusion-dependent anemia. Here, we present a patient with transfusion-dependent intermediate-2 MF according to the International Prognostic Scoring System treated with ruxolitinib in combination with deferasirox. In addition to a reduced serum ferritin level, the patient required less b
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34

Maneekesorn, Supawadee, Hataichanok Chuljerm, Pimpisid Koonyosying, Chairat Uthaipibull, Yongmin Ma, and Somdet Srichairatanakool. "Identifying a Deferiprone–Resveratrol Hybrid as an Effective Lipophilic Anti-Plasmodial Agent." Molecules 26, no. 13 (2021): 4074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26134074.

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Malaria i a serious health problem caused by Plasmodium spp. that can be treated by an anti-folate pyrimethamine (PYR) drug. Deferiprone (DFP) is an oral iron chelator used for the treatment of iron overload and has been recognized for its potential anti-malarial activity. Deferiprone–resveratrol hybrids (DFP-RVT) have been synthesized to present therapeutic efficacy at a level which is superior to DFP. We have focused on determining the lipophilicity, toxicity and inhibitory effects on P. falciparum growth and the iron-chelating activity of labile iron pools (LIPs) by DFP-RVT. According to ou
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35

Kontoghiorghes, George J. "Drug Selection and Posology, Optimal Therapies and Risk/Benefit Assessment in Medicine: The Paradigm of Iron-Chelating Drugs." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 23 (2023): 16749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242316749.

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The design of clinical protocols and the selection of drugs with appropriate posology are critical parameters for therapeutic outcomes. Optimal therapeutic protocols could ideally be designed in all diseases including for millions of patients affected by excess iron deposition (EID) toxicity based on personalised medicine parameters, as well as many variations and limitations. EID is an adverse prognostic factor for all diseases and especially for millions of chronically red-blood-cell-transfused patients. Differences in iron chelation therapy posology cause disappointing results in neurodegen
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36

Olivieri, NF, G. Koren, D. Matsui, et al. "Reduction of tissue iron stores and normalization of serum ferritin during treatment with the oral iron chelator L1 in thalassemia intermedia." Blood 79, no. 10 (1992): 2741–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v79.10.2741.2741.

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Abstract In patients with thalassemia intermedia in whom hyperabsorption of iron may result in serious organ dysfunction, an orally effective iron- chelating drug would have major therapeutic advantages, especially for the many patients with thalassemia intermedia in the Third World. We report reduction in tissue iron stores and normalization of serum ferritin concentration after 9-month therapy with the oral chelator 1,2- dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one (L1) in a 29-year-old man with thalassemia intermedia and clinically significant iron overload (SF 2,174 micrograms/L, transferrin saturation 1
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37

Olivieri, NF, G. Koren, D. Matsui, et al. "Reduction of tissue iron stores and normalization of serum ferritin during treatment with the oral iron chelator L1 in thalassemia intermedia." Blood 79, no. 10 (1992): 2741–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v79.10.2741.bloodjournal79102741.

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In patients with thalassemia intermedia in whom hyperabsorption of iron may result in serious organ dysfunction, an orally effective iron- chelating drug would have major therapeutic advantages, especially for the many patients with thalassemia intermedia in the Third World. We report reduction in tissue iron stores and normalization of serum ferritin concentration after 9-month therapy with the oral chelator 1,2- dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one (L1) in a 29-year-old man with thalassemia intermedia and clinically significant iron overload (SF 2,174 micrograms/L, transferrin saturation 100%; elev
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38

Merkel, Drorit, Shelly Soffer, Kalman Filanovsky, et al. "Decreased Iron Overload and Oxidative Stress in Transfusion Dependent Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) with the Oral Iron Chelator Deferiprone." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (2018): 4381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-115157.

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Abstract Background: The majority of the patients with low risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) become RBC-transfusion-dependent and thus symptoms resulting from iron overload and oxidative stress may develop. Yet, iron-chelation has not been part of the standard treatment for these patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of deferiprone (L1), an iron chelator, on oxidative stress parameters in iron overloaded and blood dependent patients with low risk MDS. Methods: This work was supported by a grant from Apopharma. Nineteen low risk MDS patients were enrolled. Patients were
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39

Sarker, Nihar Ranjan, Ashis Kumar Ghosh, Santosh Kumar Saha, and Abdullah Shahriar. "Recent advances in the management of Thalassaemia: A Review Update." Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College 6, no. 1 (2017): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v6i1.31490.

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The discussion of disease management focuses on the use of transfusion therapy and the newly developed oral iron chelators, deferiprone and deferasirox, especially combination of the chelator drugs. It has been also discussed on splenectomy and pediatrician management of endocrinopathies and cardiac complications. In addition, the use of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has produced cure rates as high as 97%, and the use of cord blood transplantation as well. Major advances have being made in the discovery of critical modifier genes, such as Myb and especially BCL11A (B cell lymphoma 11
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40

Pepe, Alessia, Aishah Hanif, Anthony Bentley, et al. "A Cost-Utility Analysis of Deferiprone Compared to Desferrioxamine and Deferasirox for the Treatment of Chronic Myocardial Iron Overload in Thalassemia Patients." Blood 126, no. 23 (2015): 2077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.2077.2077.

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Abstract Background: In thalassemia major (TM) three iron chelators are available to treat chronic iron overload due to blood transfusions: subcutaneous desferrioxamine (DFO), oral deferiprone (DFP) and oral deferasirox (DFX). Aims: This study evaluated the relative cost effectiveness of the three chelators in monotherapy. Methods: The cost-effectiveness model used is an Italian adaptation within the MIOT (Myocardial Iron Overload in Thalassemia) project of the previously built and published UK model (Bentley A et al. Pharmacoeconomics 2013;31:807-22). Based on literature and MIOT data, it was
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41

Miscevic, Filip, Kevin H. M. Kuo, and Richard Ward. "Single-Centre, North American Experience with Compassionate Use of Deferiprone in Patients with Beta-Thalassemia Major,." Blood 118, no. 21 (2011): 3185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.3185.3185.

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Abstract Abstract 3185 Introduction: Deferiprone (DFP) is a thrice daily, oral iron chelator with cardiac-specific properties. It has been demonstrated to improve LV EF% and reduce cardiac related morbidity and mortality in patients with Beta Thalassemia Major (TM). It was approved as second line therapy by European regulatory agencies in 1999, but despite being developed by a Toronto-based pharmaceutical company, has yet to be approved by Health Canada or the FDA. Since July 2004 it has been available via a compassionate use program (CUP). The Red Blood Cell Disorders Program (RBCDP, Toronto
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42

Cappellini, M. D., P. Giardina, J. Porter, et al. "Long-Term Safety and Tolerability of the Once-Daily, Oral Iron Chelator Deferasirox (Exjade®, ICL670) in Patients with Transfusional Iron Overload." Blood 108, no. 11 (2006): 1768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.1768.1768.

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Abstract Introduction: The safety and tolerability profile of the oral iron chelator deferasirox has been established in five comprehensive trials (with a 1-year core phase) in adults and children with a range of transfusion-dependent anemias. Following completion of the core phase, pts entered an extension phase that will last for 4 years. This analysis presents cumulative long-term safety data during deferasirox treatment. Methods: Safety was assessed monthly, primarily by evaluating the incidence and type of adverse events (AEs) and measuring laboratory parameters. Results: A total of 1033
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43

Faizi, Hafsa Shahid, Lalitkumar K. Vora, Muhammad Iqbal Nasiri, et al. "Deferasirox Nanosuspension Loaded Dissolving Microneedles for Intradermal Delivery." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 12 (2022): 2817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14122817.

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Microneedles are minimally invasive systems that can deliver drugs intradermally without pain and bleeding and can advantageously replace the hypodermal needles and oral routes of delivery. Deferasirox (DFS) is an iron chelator employed in several ailments where iron overload plays an important role in disease manifestation. In this study, DFS was formulated into a nanosuspension (NSs) through wet media milling employing PVA as a stabilizer and successfully loaded in polymeric dissolving microneedles (DMNs). The release studies for DFS-NS clearly showed a threefold increased dissolution rate c
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44

Taher, Ali, Abdullah Al Jefri, Mohsen Saleh Elalfy та ін. "Oral Deferasirox (Exjade®, ICL670) Is Effective, with a Clinically Manageable Safety Profile, in Pediatric β-Thalassemia Patients with High Iron Burden." Blood 110, № 11 (2007): 2779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.2779.2779.

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Abstract Background: The ESCALATOR study evaluated once-daily deferasirox in β-thal pts unsuccessfully chelated with DFO and/or deferiprone (L1). Phase II/III studies have shown that deferasirox 20–30 mg/kg/d maintains/reduces iron burden, depending on transfusional iron intake. However, PK evaluation indicated that exposure to deferasirox was lower in children than adults. To examine the relationship between dose and efficacy in heavily transfused children, a subanalysis of ESCALATOR pts (2–<16 years) was performed. Methods: ESCALATOR was a prospective, open-label, 1-year study. Enrolled p
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45

Vichinsky, Elliott, Thomas Coates, Alexis A. Thompson, et al. "Deferasirox (Exjade®), the Once-Daily Oral Iron Chelator, Demonstrates Safety and Efficacy in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD): 3.5-Year Follow-up." Blood 112, no. 11 (2008): 1420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.1420.1420.

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Abstract Background: Many patients with SCD require chronic transfusion therapy to manage the complications of their disease (eg stroke prevention); as a consequence, secondary iron overload may develop. Controlled data from patients with SCD receiving long-term iron chelation therapy, particularly renal function, are lacking. Cumulative 3.5-year safety and efficacy data are presented for adult and pediatric patients with SCD with transfusional iron overload treated with deferasirox (Exjade®) in a 4-year extension to a 1-year comparative study (109). Methods: Study 109 demonstrated similar dos
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46

Cappellini, Maria Domenica, Elliott Vichinsky, Renzo Galanello, Antonio Piga, Paul Williamson, and John B. Porter. "Long-Term Treatment with Deferasirox (Exjade®, ICL670), a Once-Daily Oral Iron Chelator, Is Effective in Patients with Transfusion-Dependent Anemias." Blood 110, no. 11 (2007): 2777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.2777.2777.

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Abstract Background: The efficacy and safety of deferasirox was established during five 1-year core trials. As many patients will require lifelong chelation therapy, assessing long-term efficacy and safety is important. In the core trials, initial doses were assigned by baseline liver iron concentration (LIC). A clear dose response was observed: 5/10 mg/kg/d doses were generally insufficient to balance iron intake from ongoing transfusions, while 20 and 30 mg/kg/d maintained or reduced iron balance, respectively. This analysis evaluates serum ferritin (SF) levels and cumulative safety data dur
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47

Cancado, Rodolfo D., Maria Cristina A. Olivato, Paula Bruniera, and Carlos Chiattone. "Deferasirox for the Treatment of Transfusional Iron Overload in Sickle Cell Anemia. Preliminary Results." Blood 112, no. 11 (2008): 2879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.2879.2879.

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Abstract The majority of patients with sickle cell anaemia have received repeated blood transfusions by adulthood. Because the body has no physiological mechanism to actively excrete the excess of iron, chelation therapy is important for the management of iron overload and its complications, including iron deposition into the liver, heart and endocrine organs, eventual death. While studies are limited, progressive iron loading and subsequent tissue injury in sickle cell disease appears similar to other transfused populations. Deferasirox (Exjade, ICL670) is a once-daily, oral iron chelator tha
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48

Piga, Antonio, Renzo Galanello, Maria Loreta Foschini та ін. "Once-Daily Treatment with the Oral Iron Chelator ICL670 (Exjade®): Results of a Phase II Study in Pediatric Patients with β-Thalassemia Major." Blood 104, № 11 (2004): 3614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.3614.3614.

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Abstract ICL670 (deferasirox) is an investigational, once-daily oral iron chelator which has been shown to effectively and selectively mobilize tissue iron in adults with transfusional hemosiderosis. The safety and tolerability of ICL670 administered over 48 weeks were investigated in an open-label Phase II study in 4 centers in France and Italy in 40 pediatric patients aged 2–17 years with β-thalassemia major and transfusional iron overload. The patients were stratified into two age groups: Group 1 (n=20), aged 2 to 11 years (mean 6.7 years); Group 2 (n=20), aged 12 to17 years (mean 14.1 year
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49

Vitrano, Angela, Rita Barone, Antonino Giangreco, et al. "Overcoming the Cost Barrier for Thalassemia Innovative Treatments." Blood 142, Supplement 1 (2023): 5200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-180708.

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Background: It has been estimated that 5-7% of the world's population carries a mutated gene affecting the production or function of the haemoglobin molecule, and that around 56,000 new individuals affected by Thalassemia Dependent Transfusion (TDT) are born every year worldwide. Innovative treatment (IT), such as gene addition therapy (GT), gene editing (GE) and ineffective erythropoiesis modulating drugs (IEMD), have been developing for the cure of TDT patients, offering chances for obtaining durable transfusion independence (TI). The possibility of bringing IT to the “bed-site” of the patie
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50

Piga, Antonio, Gian Luca Forni, Antonis Kattamis та ін. "Deferasirox (Exjade®) in Pediatric Patients with β-Thalassemia: Update of 4.7-Year Efficacy and Safety from Extension Studies". Blood 112, № 11 (2008): 3883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.3883.3883.

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Abstract Background: As pediatric patients with β-thalassemia will require lifelong iron chelation therapy, it is important to evaluate the long-term efficacy, safety and growth during treatment with any iron chelator. This analysis presents cumulative efficacy and safety data from a cohort of pediatric patients treated with the once-daily, oral chelator deferasirox during two 1-year core and 4-year extension trials. Methods: β-thalassemia patients aged 2–<16 years with transfusional iron overload were enrolled in two extension studies (107E and 108E) evaluating the long-term safety, tolera
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