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1
Lesch, C. A., C. A. Squier, A. Cruchley, D. M. Williams, and P. Speight. "The Permeability of Human Oral Mucosa and Skin to Water." Journal of Dental Research 68, no. 9 (September 1989): 1345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345890680091101.
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Specimens from fbur regions of oral mucosa (palate, buccal mucosa, lateral border of the tongue, and the floor of the mouth) and of abdominal skin were taken from 58 individuals at autopsy, for determination of permeability constants (Kp) to tritium-labeled water. Comparisons between fresh specimens and those stored at -80°C revealed no significant effect on Kp as a result of freezing; similar results were found with use of specimens from corresponding regions of the pig. Values for Kp were significantly different for all of the tissue regions examined and ranged from 44 ± 4 × 10-7 cm/min for skin to 973 ± 33 x 10-7 cmlmin for the floor of the mouth, which was the most penneable region. Similar differences were evident among corresponding regions of porcine oral mucosa and skin. Moreover, the Kp values obtained for human tissues were not significantly different from those of the pig, except for the floor of the mouth, which was more permeable in human than in pig tissue. The results reveal interesting differences in the permeability of human oral mucosa that might be related to susceptibility to mucosal disease in those conditions where local extrinsic etiological agents are implicated.
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Primasari, Ameta, and Safriani Sitompul. "THE INCREASED NUMBER OF EPITHELIAL CELLS DETACHED FROM ORAL MUCOSA BECAUSE OF AMALGAM FILLINGS." Dentika Dental Journal 20, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/dentika.v20i2.995.
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Amalgam is a filler material containing toxic mercury. One of the main risks comes from the mercury vapor released in the mouth. The presence of amalgams in the oral cavity changes the metabolism of epithelial cells in the oral mucosa. Exfoliative cytology is a fast and easy method because the examination is only performed on the surface of the oral mucosa, and epithelial cells can be released without anesthesia. The research method was an analytical descriptive with a cross-sectional design. Epithelial cells from oral mucosa were collected from 32 samples using the cytobrush method. The epithelial cells were collected on the closest buccal mucosa of the amalgam restoration. The number of epithelial cells in the oral mucosa was seen through micrographs from a microscope with 100x magnification. The data were analyzed using the Mann Whitney U test to determine the number of epithelial cells released. The Mann Whitney U test results showed that there was a significant difference in the number of oral mucosal epithelial cells obtained between subjects with amalgam and subjects without amalgam with p<0.05. In addition, there was a difference in the features of oral mucosal epithelial cells between subjects with amalgam and subjects without amalgam. In conclusion, the number of epithelial cells obtained from amalgam users was higher than the subjects without restorations. The forms of epithelial cells which experience desquamation in the subjects with amalgam were more irregular than those of subjects without restorations.
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Yadav, Nisha Rani, Meena Jain, Ankur Sharma, Roma Yadav, Meetika Pahuja, and Vishal Jain. "Distribution and prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in residents of old age homes in Delhi, India." Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 8, no. 2 (October 31, 2018): 727–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v8i2.18708.
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Background: It has been seen that very less attention has been given to the oral health of the geriatric population residing in old age homes and as the oral mucosal lesions are a matter of concern for this growing population. Therefore, a study was done with the objective of finding the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions and the distribution of oral mucosal lesions among 65-74 year old residents of old age homes in Delhi, India.
Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was done on 65-74 year old age group elders of old age homes in Delhi. A total of 464 subjects participated in the study. Oral Health Assessment Form, WHO was used for assessing oral mucosa. Clinical examination was performed using two mouth mirrors under natural illumination in a systematic manner. Data was processed and analyzed using SPSS version 23.
Results: Out of a total of 464 subjects, 291 (62.70%) were males and 173 (37.30%) were females. Oral mucosal lesions seen in the study subjects were malignant tumours, leukoplakia, lichen planus, ulcerations, ANUG, Abscess and candidiasis. Leukoplakia was seen in 70 subjects (15%) and was present on buccal mucosa in the majority. A malignant tumour was seen in 7 subjects (1.5%) and commonly seen area is floor of mouth.
Conclusion: Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among residents of old age homes shows the need for increased preventive and diagnostic measures for prevention and early identification of oro-mucosal lesions. Taking adequate care for oro-mucosal health of elderly people residing in old age homes is necessary.
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Compilato, Domenico, Giuseppina Campisi, Luca Pastore, and Antonio Carroccio. "The Production of the Oral Mucosa of Antiendomysial and Anti—Tissue-Transglutaminase Antibodies in Patients with Celiac Disease: A Review." Scientific World JOURNAL 10 (2010): 2385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2010.228.
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Celiac disease (CD) is a lifelong, T cell—mediated enteropathy, triggered by the ingestion of gluten and related prolamins in genetically susceptible subjects, resulting in minor intestinal mucosal injury, including villous atrophy with crypt hyperplasia and intraepithelial lymphocytosis, and subsequent nutrient malabsorption. Although serological tests for antiendomysial (EMA) and anti—tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) autoantibodies are used to screen and follow up on patients with CD, diagnostic confirmation is still based on the histological examination of the small intestinal mucosa. Although the small intestinal mucosa is the main site of the gut involved in CD, other mucosal surfaces (such as gastric, rectal, ileal, and esophageal) belonging to the gastrointestinal tract and the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) can also be involved. A site that could be studied less invasively is the mouth, as it is the first part of the gastrointestinal system and a part of the GALT. Indeed, not only have various oral ailments been reported as possible atypical aspects of CD, but it has been also demonstrated that inflammatory changes occur after oral supramucosal application and a submucosal injection of gliadin into the oral mucosa of CD patients. However, to date, only two studies have assessed the capacity of the oral mucosa of untreated CD patients to EMA and anti-tTG antibodies. In this paper, we will review studies that evaluate the capacity of the oral mucosa to produce specific CD autoantibodies. Discrepancies in sensitivity from the two studies have revealed that biopsy is still not an adequate procedure for the routine diagnostic purposes of CD patients, and a more in-depth evaluation on a larger sample size with standardized collection and analysis methods is merited. However, the demonstration of immunological reactivity to the gluten ingestion of the oral mucosa of CD, in terms of IgA EMA and anti-tTG production, needs to be further evaluated in order to verify whether the oral mucosa is colonized by lymphocytes activated in the intestine or if gluten could stimulate naïve lymphocytes directly in the oral mucosa. This would have important implications for the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of CD.
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Vuckovic, Nada, Marija Bokor-Bratic, Dejan Vuckovic, and Ivana Picuric. "Presence of Candida albicans in potentially malignant oral mucosal lesions." Archive of Oncology 12, no. 1 (2004): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aoo0401051v.
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Recently, an interest in the study of oral candidiasis has markedly increased mainly because of its association with viral infections due to human immunodeficiency, but also because of its relation with potentially malignant lesions of oral mucosa. These lesions belong to the wide group of leukoplakia. Leukoplakia is a clinical term used to describe a range of nonspecific white lesions, whose appearance does not generally correlate well with histopathologic changes; therefore, biopsy should be performed in all cases to determine which are precancerous or potentially malignant ones. In order to study the association of Candida albicans and the types of mucosal lesions, we took 30 consecutive biopsies of oral mucosa and the smears for microbiologic examination from the changed surface of mucosa and from the rest of oral cavity. The study group consisted of 30 patients, 21 women and 9 men, with the average age of 50.23 years (range, 25-77 years). In 6 cases Candida was diagnosed in mucosal biopsy. In the smear from the lesion, it was present in 3 cases, and 2 cases were found in the smear from an unchanged oral mucosa. In 9/30 cases (30%) Candida was positive regardless of the smear area or mode of diagnosis. The most common lesion is leukoplakia, diagnosed in 12/30 cases (40%), in 6 female and 6 male patients. The average age of those patients was 52.42 years. The lesions were located as follows: cheek mucosa - 5 cases; gingival mucosa - 2; lower lip - 2; floor of the mouth - 2; soft palate - 1; Candida was present in 3/12 cases. The lesion with the second highest incidence is lichen planus (9 cases), with positive Candida infection in 4/9 (44.44%). Epithelial dysplasia, although diagnosed in a very small number of cases (1/30 or 3.3%) with leukoplakia, was associated with a Candida infection. Generally, Candida is present in potentially malignant oral mucosal lesions (in 3/12 or 25% of leukoplakia cases, in 4/9 or 44.44% of lichen planus cases, and 1/1 squamous papilloma), with an increasing incidence in lesions with serious dysplastic epithelial changes.
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Fitriasari, Nuri, Eko Rotary Nurtito, Nanan Nur’aeny, and Indah Suasani Wahyuni. "THE IMPORTANT ROLE OF ORAL MEDICINE SPECIALIST IN MANAGEMENT OF STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME PATIENT." Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi 5, no. 2 (August 15, 2020): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/dentino.v5i2.8969.
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ABSTRACTIntroduction: Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) is an acute hypersensitivity reaction that manifests on the skin, oral mucosa, ocular, gastrointestinal, genital and anal area. It is also potentially life-threatening in concern of dehydration and infection. Oral mucosal lesions due to SJS resulted in a significant decrease of patient’s quality of life. When the oral mucosa involved, the intake of nutrients and fluids is disrupted contributing to electrolyte imbalance that aggravates dehydration. Moreover, oral mucosal lesions have become an entry point for infection. Purpose: This case report describes the important role of oral medicine specialists in the management of oral mucosal lesions in SJS patient. Review: A 26-year-old female patient was referred from the Department of Dermatology and Venereology with a diagnosis of SJS et causa suspected paracetamol and/or amoxycillin. The complaints comprised of pain on the lips and oral cavity, difficulty in mouth opening, and pain when swallowing. The management for oral lesions included: history taking, external and intra oral examinations, dexamethasone mouthwash, nystatin oral suspension, and sodium chloride (NaCl) 0.9% solution. The patient showed improvement in oral mucosal lesions within 3 weeks of treatment that was provided by oral medicine specialist and medical team collaboration. Conclusion: Based on this case report, the role of oral medicine specialist is very important as part of the management team for SJS patient. Oral medicine specialist can reduce morbidity that results from oral mucosal involvement. Collaboration with oral medicine specialist since the beginning of treatment is the key to success in SJS management. Keywords: Oral medicine specialist, Oral mucosal lesion, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome.
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Şenel, Sevda. "An Overview of Physical, Microbiological and Immune Barriers of Oral Mucosa." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15 (July 22, 2021): 7821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157821.
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The oral mucosa, which is the lining tissue of the oral cavity, is a gateway to the body and it offers first-line protection against potential pathogens, exogenous chemicals, airborne allergens, etc. by means of its physical and microbiological-immune barrier functions. For this reason, oral mucosa is considered as a mirror to the health of the individual as well as a guard or early warning system. It is organized in two main components: a physical barrier, which consists of stratified epithelial cells and cell–cell junctions, and a microbiological-immune barrier that keeps the internal environment in a condition of homeostasis. Different factors, including microorganism, saliva, proteins and immune components, have been considered to play a critical role in disruption of oral epithelial barrier. Altered mucosal structure and barrier functions results in oral pathologies as well as systemic diseases. About 700 kinds of microorganisms exist in the human mouth, constituting the oral microbiota, which plays a significant role on the induction, training and function of the host immune system. The immune system maintains the symbiotic relationship of the host with this microbiota. Crosstalk between the oral microbiota and immune system includes various interactions in homeostasis and disease. In this review, after reviewing briefly the physical barriers of oral mucosa, the fundamentals of oral microbiome and oral mucosal immunity in regard to their barrier properties will be addressed. Furthermore, their importance in development of new diagnostic, prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for certain diseases as well as in the application for personalized medicine will be discussed.
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Andabak Rogulj, Ana, Ivana Škrinjar, Danica Vidović Juras, Vanja Vučićević Boras †, and Božana Lončar Brzak. "Burning mouth syndrome – a burning enigma." Medicina Fluminensis 57, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21860/medflum2021_365333.
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Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a chronic pain condition characterized by an intraoral burning sensation and an absence of oral mucosal lesions and disturbances in laboratory findings. Burning symptoms usually affect the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, its lateral borders, hard palate and labial mucosa, but other oral cavity sites may also be affected. Taste alterations and a decrease in the salivary flow rate frequently accompany the burning symptoms. This condition mostly affects peri- and postmenopausal women. To date, the etiology of BMS remains unclear. This unknown etiology means that no appropriate treatment is currently available. A large number of the treatments and medications have been tried for BMS, but treatment management remains unsatisfactory in some patients. The purpose of this article is to present current knowledge on the treatment of BMS.
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Javali, MA. "Burning Mouth Syndrome: An Enigmatic Disorder." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 11, no. 2 (May 3, 2015): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v11i2.12498.
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Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic oral pain or burning sensation affecting the oral mucosa, often unaccompanied by mucosal lesions or other evident clinical signs. It is observed principally in middle-aged patients and postmenopausal women and may be accompanied by xerostomia and altered taste. Burning mouth syndrome is characterized by an intense burning or stinging sensation, preferably on the tongue or in other areas of mouth. This disorder is one of the most common, encountered in the clinical practice. This condition is probably of multifactorial origin; however the exact underlying etiology remains uncertain. This article discusses several aspects of BMS, updates current knowledge about the etiopathogenesis and describes the clinical features as well as the diagnosis and management of BMS patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v11i2.12498 Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.11(2) 2013: 175-178
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Bretsztajn, S., T. Leturc, E. Euvrard, and A. G. Bodard. "Lymphomatoid papulosis localized to the oral mucosa: case report and literature review." Journal of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery 25, no. 3 (2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mbcb/2019021.
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Introduction: Lymphomatoid papulosis is a primary CD 30+ cutaneous lymphoproliferation. Observation: We report the case of a 39-year-old patient who presented with ulcers on the back of the tongue, gums, buccal mucosa, and soft palate, which evolved as spontaneously regressive flare-ups. The diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease was initially proposed. Several years later, the patient presented an ulcer on the left middle finger. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of lymphomatoid papulosis. Discussion: This chronic dermatosis manifests a single rash or multiple papulonodular rashes, evolving as spontaneously regressive flare-ups. Mucosal involvement is rare, and no prognostic factor for this location has been highlighted to this date. Pathological examination is essential. Conclusion: The mucosal involvement of lymphomatoid papulosis is one of the diagnoses to be considered for recurrent mouth ulcers.
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Márquez Valls, Marta, Alejandra Martínez Labrador, Lyda Halbaut Bellowa, Doménica Bravo Torres, Paulo C. Granda, Montserrat Miñarro Carmona, David Limón, and Ana C. Calpena Campmany. "Biopharmaceutical Study of Triamcinolone Acetonide Semisolid Formulations for Sublingual and Buccal Administration." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): 1080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13071080.
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The mouth can be affected by important inflammatory processes resulting from localized or systemic diseases such as diabetes, AIDS and leukemia, among others, and are manifested in various types of buccal sores typically presenting pain. This work focuses on the design, formulation, and characterization of four semisolid formulations for oral mucosa in order to symptomatically treat these painful processes. The formulations have two active pharmaceutical ingredients, triamcinolone acetonide (TA) and lidocaine hydrochloride (LIDO). The formula also contains, as an excipient, Orabase®, which is a protective, hydrophobic, and anhydrous adhesive vehicle, used to retain or facilitate the application of active pharmaceutical ingredients to the oral mucosa. After designing the formulations, an analytical method for TA was validated using HPLC so as to achieve reliable analytical results. Franz-type diffusion cells were used to perform drug release studies using synthetic membrane, and permeation studies using buccal mucosa, estimating the amount and rate of TA permeated across the tissue. Additionally, sublingual permeation studies were carried out to evaluate a scenario of a continuous contact of the tongue with the applied formulation. Permeation fluxes and the amount of TA retained within sublingual mucosa were similar to those in buccal mucosa, also implying anti-inflammatory activity in the part of the tongue that is in direct contact with the formulation. In addition, the dynamic conditions of the mouth were recreated in terms of the presence of phosphate buffered saline, constant movement of the tongue, pH, and temperature, using dissolution equipment. The amount of TA released into the phosphate buffered saline in dynamic conditions (subject to being ingested) is well below the normal oral doses of TA, for which the formulation can be considered safe. The formulations applied to buccal or sublingual mucosas under dynamic conditions permit the successful retention of TA within either tissue, where it exerts anti-inflammatory activity. The four formulations studied show a pseudoplastic and thixotropic behavior, ideal for topical application. These results evidence the potential of these topical formulations in the treatment of inflammatory processes in the buccal mucosa.
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Andreadis, Dimitrios, Athanasios K. Poulopoulos, Anthi Asimaki, Eleni Albanidou-Farmaki, and Anastasios K. Markopoulos. "Solitary Angiokeratoma of the Buccal Mucosa. Report of a Case." Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 18, no. 3 (November 1, 2014): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjdm-2015-0025.
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SUMMARYBackground: Angiokeratoma is an asymptomatic, hyperkeratotic, capillary disorder of the skin present as solitary or multiple, keratotic papules or plaques, which may also be related to Fabry disease. Oral involvement may be observed in cases of widespread muco-cutaneous angiokeratomas, whereas solitary buccal angiokeratoma without systemic/cutaneous involvement is extremely rare.Case Report: A 45-year-old woman was referred with a 3-month, painless, bluish lesion, located on left buccal mucosa. The medical record of the patient was free of any systemic disease or medication. After a careful clinical oral, mucosal as well as skin examination, an excisional biopsy was taken. A routine haematoxylin-eosin staining and additional immunohistochemistry were performed. Differential diagnosis included haemangioma, haematoma or lesions of melanocytic origin. Clinical examination showed a solid, lobulated bluish lesion, located on left buccal mucosa without other skin or mucosal involvement. The microscopic findings revealed dilated vascular spaces covered by normal endothelium without atypia, extending into the epithelium, indicating the diagnosis of angiokeratoma.Conclusions: Despite its rare occurrence, solitary angiokeratoma of oral mucosa should be included in the differential diagnosis of black-bluish lesions. Further investigation for other similar lesions throughout skin or mucosa is needed to avoid complications as haemorrhage.
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Caponio, Lajolo, Troiano, Arena, Muzio, and Giuliani. "Ceaseless Oral Ulcerative Manifestations." Proceedings 35, no. 1 (December 10, 2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019035004.
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de Macedo, Angelo Gualberto, Erika Ruback Bertges, Luiz Carlos Bertges, Renata Alvim Mendes, Thais Abranches Bueno Sabino Bertges, Klaus Ruback Bertges, and Fernando Monteiro Aarestrup. "Pemphigus Vulgaris in the Mouth and Esophageal Mucosa." Case Reports in Gastroenterology 12, no. 2 (June 15, 2018): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000489299.
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Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a chronic autoimmune mucocutaneous disease. In most cases, the initial manifestation occurs in the mouth as multiple ulcerations preceded by blisters that rupture and later spread to other mucous membranes and the skin. Esophageal impairment is rare. We report a case of PV with esophageal involvement in a 53-year-old woman who sought medical care, complaining of diffuse painful lesions in the oral cavity for approximately 1 month, with no improvement with nystatin. Upper digestive endoscopy (UDE) was performed with findings of vesiculobullous lesions in the proximal and middle esophagus, which were biopsied and for which histopathology confirmed PV in the esophageal mucosa. We draw attention to UDE as important for the diagnosis, and it should be indicated in patients with vesiculobullous lesions of the mouth, especially if there are esophageal complaints.
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Freitas, Daniel Antunes, Paulo Rogério Bonan, Arlen Almeida Sousa, Mayane Moura Pereira, Stephany Mendes Oliveira, and Kimberly Marie Jones. "Intramucosal Nevus in the Oral Cavity." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 16, no. 1 (January 2015): 74–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1638.
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ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study is to report a clinical case of oral nevus. Background Nevus is a congenital or acquired benign neoplasia that can be observed in the skin or mucous membranes. It is an uncommon condition in the oral mucosa. When it does occur, the preferred location is on the palate, followed by the cheek mucosa, lip and tongue. Case report In this case study, we relate the diagnosis and treatment of a 23-year-old female patient with an irregular, pigmented lesion of the oral mucosa that underwent excisional biopsy resulting in a diagnosis of intramucosal nevus. Conclusion Nevus can appear in the oral mucosa and should be removed. Clinical significance It is important for dental professionals to adequately categorize and treat pigmented lesions in the mouth. How to cite this article Freitas DA, Bonan PR, Sousa AA, Pereira MM, Oliveira SM, Jones KM. Intramucosal Nevus in the Oral Cavity. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(1):74-76.
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Mahboob, Muhammad Bilal Hassan, Tehseen Riaz, Muhammad Jamshaid, Irfan Bashir, and Saqiba Zulfiqar. "Oral Films: A Comprehensive Review." International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 5, no. 12 (November 18, 2016): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v5i12.30413.
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In the late 1970s, rapid disintegrating drug delivery system was developed as an alternative to capsules, tablets and syrups for geriatric and pediatric patients having problems in swallowing. To overcome the need, number of orally disintegrating tablets which disintegrate within one minute in mouth without chewing or drinking water were commercialized. Then later, oral drug delivery technology had been improved from conventional dosage form to modified release dosage form and developed recently rapid disintegrating films rather than oral disintegrating tablets. Oral disintegrating film or strips containing water dissolving polymer retain the dosage form to be quickly hydrated by saliva, adhere to mucosa, and disintegrate within a few seconds, dissolve and releases medication for oro-mucosal absorption when placed in mouth. Oral film technology is the alternative route with first pass metabolism. This review give a comprehensive detail of materials used in ODF, manufacturing process, evaluation tests and marketed products.Mahboob et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, November 2016, 5(12): 111-117http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/Vol5Issue12/03.pdf
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Chuang, Hui-Ching, Chih-Ying Su, Seng-Feng Jeng, and Chih-Yen Chien. "Anterior lateral thigh flap for buccal mucosal defect after resection of buccal cancer." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 137, no. 4 (October 2007): 632–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2007.03.018.
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Objective To preserve oral function after buccal cancer resection, a free anterior lateral thigh flap (ALTF) was used to cover the buccal mucosal defect. Study Design and Setting Nine patients who underwent primary surgical treatment between June 2005 and September 2006 for buccal cancer were enrolled in this study. An ALTF was used to repair the defect immediately after tumor resection. Oral function, including mouth-opening width, oral intake, and teeth cleaning, were compared pre- and postoperatively. Results No difference was observed in the mouth-opening width between that preoperatively and three months postoperatively ( P = 0.54). The oral intake and teeth cleaning also remained unchanged three months postoperatively. Conclusion Repair of a buccal mucosa defect with a free anterior lateral thigh flap is a good alternative for selected patients who undergo resection of buccal cancer; oral function is likely to be preserved.
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Bhargava, Neha, Prateek Agarwal, Nitin Sharma, Mayank Agrawal, Mohsin Sidiq, and Pooja Narain. "An Unusual Presentation of Oral Mucocele in Infant and Its Review." Case Reports in Dentistry 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/723130.
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Mucocele is a benign lesion characterized by an extravasation or retention of mucous in submucosal tissue from minor salivary glands. Mucoceles are known to occur most commonly on the lower lip, followed by the floor of mouth and buccal mucosa being the next most frequent sites. Trauma and lip biting habits are the main cause for these types of lesions. Mucocele is a common oral mucosal lesion but it is rarely observed in the infant. This paper highlights the successful management of a rare case of mucocele in an 11-month-old child. Diagnosis and management of mucocele are challenging. For this reason we felt it would be interesting to review the clinical characteristics, histological features, differential diagnosis, and their treatment and evolution in order to aid decision-making in daily clinical practice.
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Manfredi, Guido, Roberto Bertè, Elena Iiritano, Saverio Alicante, Claudio Londoni, Giancarlo Brambilla, Samanta Romeo, et al. "Premedication with simethicone and N-acetylcysteine for improving mucosal visibility during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in a Western population." Endoscopy International Open 09, no. 02 (January 25, 2021): E190—E194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1315-0114.
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Abstract Background and study aim Pre-endoscopic use of a preparation with tensioactive and mucolytic agents improved gastric mucosa visualization in Eastern studies. Data on Western population are scanty. Patients and methods This prospective, endoscopist-blinded, randomized study enrolled patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy in a single center. Before endoscopy patients, were randomized to receive or not receive an oral preparation with simethicone and N-acetylcysteine in water. A pretested score (Crema Stomach Cleaning Score [CSCS]) for gastric mucosa cleaning evaluation was used. In detail, the stomach was divided into the antrum, body, and fundus and a score of 1 to 3 was assigned to each part (the higher the score, the better the preparation), and a total value ≤ 5 was considered as insufficient. Time between endoscope insertion and clean achievement (mouth to clean time) or the end of examination (mouth to mouth time) was recorded. Results A total of 197 patients were enrolled. The mean overall CSCS value and mucosal cleaning in all parts was better in treated patients than in controls. Prevalence total score ≤ 5 was significantly lower in patients treated before endoscopy. Need for water flush occurred less frequently in treated patients (P < 0.0001). The mouth to clean time was lower in the treated than in the control group (2.3 ± 1.6 vs 3.8 ± 1.6 min; P < 0.001), whereas no significant difference in mouth to mouth time emerged. Conclusions Data from this study show that premedication with simethicone and N-acetylcysteine results in significantly better endoscopic visualization of gastric mucosa, and the proposed CSCS could be useful for standardizing this evaluation.
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Galimova, Irina, Irina Usmanova, Zarema Hismatullina, Yigal Granot, Olga Guryevskaya, Amina Ishmukhametova, and Alina Sarvalieva. "MODERN ASPECTS OF ETIOPATHOGENESIS, CLINICS AND TREATMENT OF PATHOLOGY MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF MOUTH IN PATIONS WITH GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT DISEASES." Actual problems in dentistry 16, no. 2 (August 12, 2020): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-20-16-2-5-10.
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Subject. Despite the many pathogenetic links in the lesions of the gastrointestinal tract and oral mucosa, unresolved issues related to their etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and high-quality therapeutic and preventive measures. Among the various pathological processes manifesting on the oral mucosa, recurrent aphthous stomatitis is a chronic disease characterized by the appearance of secondary pathomorphological elements (aphthae) in response to the development of acute proliferative inflammation.
The goal is the analysis and systematization of literature data on the problem of damage to the oral mucosa in acid-dependent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
Methodology. Recurrent aphthae of the oral cavity belong to the chronic pathology of the oral mucosa, are characterized by a prolonged course and periodic relapses, which are most often associated with the state of somatic status, including the presence of acid-dependent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
Results. The main pathomorphological element inherent in this pathology is aphtha. Its localization is the mucous membrane of the vestibule of the oral cavity, cheeks, and lateral surface of the tongue, visually oval or round, covered with a dirty white fibrinous coating. Treatment of recurrent aphthae of the oral cavity includes a complex consisting of general systemic therapy of the underlying disease. Local treatment includes the use of antihistamines, immunocorrection, drugs that increase nonspecific hypersensitivity, normalization of cellular metabolism and stimulate nonspecific defense mechanisms, vitamin therapy and physiotherapy methods.
Conclusions. This treatment should ultimately be aimed at eliminating not only pain, but also at increasing local immunity factors, combating pathogenic microflora and promoting the epithelization of pathological processes on the oral mucosa. Of great importance in the treatment and prevention of recurrent aphthae is a comprehensive examination of the patient in order to identify risk factors.
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Nelonda, Revi, Nanan Nur’aeny, and Irna Sufiawati. "TANTANGAN FARMAKOLOGI PENGGUNAAN STEROID TOPIKAL PADA PASIEN ORAL LICHEN PLANUS." ODONTO : Dental Journal 6, no. 1 (April 22, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/odj.6.1.30-36.
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Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic autoimmune disease sprinkled by T cells on the oral mucosal surface. The goal of OLP treatment is to eliminate erythema, ulceration and relieve symptoms. Corticosteroids are the first line in the treatment of OLP, either systemically or topically. The problem arises when using topical steroids, namely the time of topical steroid attachment to the oral mucosa, especially in cases of OLP with clinical desquamative gingivitis. Some studies suggest that the use of individual gingival tray can overcome this problem. Objective: To provide information on topical steroid use in OLP cases with desquamative gingivitis clinical signs.Case Management: Women, age 31, complain that pain with burning on the lips and mouth is aggravated by spicy food. Intraoral examination shows irregular white plaques on the buccal, labial and dorsal mucosa of the tongue accompanied by diffuse erythema in the anterior gingiva of the upper and lower jaws. Patients diagnosed with OLP. Lesions improve 3 months after topical steroid administration, except lesions on the gingiva. Gingival individual tray is then used to obtain adequate attachment of topical steroids on the gingiva surface. The gingiva showed significant improvement after a month later.Conclusion: The use of topical steroid concoctions applied to the gingival individual tray is effective in treating OLP lesions especially with clinical signs of desquamative gingivitis.
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Rottiers, P., S. Caluwaerts, L. Steidler, K. Vandenbroucke, B. Watkins, S. Sonis, and B. Coulie. "Effect of a mouth rinse formulation with human trefoil factor 1-secreting Lactococcus lactis in experimental oral mucositis in hamsters." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e14570-e14570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e14570.
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e14570 Background: Oral mucositis (OM) is a painful and dose-limiting toxicity of cancer chemotherapy and irradiation, characterized by breakdown of the oral mucosa. Trefoil factors (TFFs) are involved in protecting and healing mucosal tissue, and might thus represent a pharmacological tool for treatment of OM. Local delivery of recombinant TFFs at the oral mucosa by living, genetically modified Lactococcus (L.) lactis bacteria (ActoBiotics) seems a promising, safe and cost-effective clinical approach for the prevention and attenuation of oral mucositis. Methods: An environmentally contained Lactococcus lactis strain (AG013), engineered to express human (h)TFF1, was formulated for topical administration in the form of a mouth rinse. Efficacy of AG013 was assessed in a clinically relevant hamster model of acute, radiation-induced OM. The dosing regimen was 1.3 x 109 CFU/dose, once (qd) or three rinses (tid) daily, from day 0 (=day of radiation) to day 18. OM was scored from day 6 to day 28 using the WHO grading scale, and compared to the score of placebo-treated hamsters. The viability and survival of live L. lactis and the pharmacokinetics of the hTFF1 secreted were studied in healthy and OM hamsters. Results: Topical application of AG013 to the oral mucosa significantly reduced the severity and course of radiation-induced OM. In the AG013-treated groups, the number of animals days with ulcerative mucositis (grade 3 or higher) was significantly reduced to 27.5% and 30.8% (qd and tid respectively; P < 0.001), compared to 45.8 % in the placebo-treated group. Based on the observed survival and weight changes, AG013 appeared to be well-tolerated. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that both living L. lactis and the hTFF1 secreted could be recovered from the administration site, for maximum 24 hours post-dosing, without systemic exposure. Conclusions: Oral administration of AG013 is safe and effective in reducing the severity and the course of OM in the hamster model, and therefore supports proof-of-concept for a mouth rinse formulation of AG013 to treat OM patients. [Table: see text]
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Uva, Luis, João Borges-Costa, and Paulo Filipe. "Diagnóstico de Sífilis a Partir de Lesões da Mucosa Oral." Acta Médica Portuguesa 27, no. 3 (June 30, 2014): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.4751.
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Chung, Man-Kyo, Sheng Wang, Se-Lim Oh, and Yu Shin Kim. "Acute and Chronic Pain from Facial Skin and Oral Mucosa: Unique Neurobiology and Challenging Treatment." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 5810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115810.
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The oral cavity is a portal into the digestive system, which exhibits unique sensory properties. Like facial skin, the oral mucosa needs to be exquisitely sensitive and selective, in order to detect harmful toxins versus edible food. Chemosensation and somatosensation by multiple receptors, including transient receptor potential channels, are well-developed to meet these needs. In contrast to facial skin, however, the oral mucosa rarely exhibits itch responses. Like the gut, the oral cavity performs mechanical and chemical digestion. Therefore, the oral mucosa needs to be insensitive, to some degree, in order to endure noxious irritation. Persistent pain from the oral mucosa is often due to ulcers, involving both tissue injury and infection. Trigeminal nerve injury and trigeminal neuralgia produce intractable pain in the orofacial skin and the oral mucosa, through mechanisms distinct from those seen in the spinal area, which is particularly difficult to predict or treat. The diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic chronic pain, such as atypical odontalgia (idiopathic painful trigeminal neuropathy or post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy) and burning mouth syndrome, remain especially challenging. The central integration of gustatory inputs might modulate chronic oral and facial pain. A lack of pain in chronic inflammation inside the oral cavity, such as chronic periodontitis, involves the specialized functioning of oral bacteria. A more detailed understanding of the unique neurobiology of pain from the orofacial skin and the oral mucosa should help us develop novel methods for better treating persistent orofacial pain.
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Sari, Rina Kartika, Diah Savitri Ernawati, and Bagus Soebadi. "RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS RELATED TO PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS, FOOD ALLERGY AND GERD." ODONTO : Dental Journal 6 (July 11, 2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/odj.6.0.45-51.
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Background: Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is inflammation in oral mucosa characterized by recurrent single or multiple ulcers that usually affected in non keratinized mucosa. Etiology RAS is unknown but psychological stress, allergy, and gastrointestinal disease can be predisposing factors Case Management: A 23rd years old complained recurrent oral ulcer with free ulcer period for 3-5 days. The patient had a history of food allergy, GERD and psychological stress. Intraoral examination showed recurrent multiple ulcers in variation site of the mouth. DASS 42 screening showed high stress and high anxiety. Skin Prick Test showed positive allergy to kapok, beef, chicken, cow milk, white egg, duck egg, shrimp, cob fish, milkfish, chocolate, and peanut. Ulcers treated with nonsteroid antiinflammation Aloe Vera gel and stress management by reading assignment method.Discussion: Psychological stress altered the immune system so oral mucosa prone to inflammation, and make the history of GERD getting worse. Stress causes cortisol secretion that changes the imbalance of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines. Oral mucosa becomes more susceptible to hypersensitivity. In addition, stress decreased oral and esophageal mucosa resistance to GERDConclusion: RAS triggered by psychological stress, allergy, and GERD. Treatment of RAS is by elimination predisposing factors to prevent recurrence.
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Collins, L. M. C., and C. Dawes. "The Surface Area of the Adult Human Mouth and Thickness of the Salivary Film Covering the Teeth and Oral Mucosa." Journal of Dental Research 66, no. 8 (August 1987): 1300–1302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345870660080201.
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The surface area of the mouth was measured to calculate the average thickness of the salivary film which separates the opposing layers of the oral mucosa and which also overlies the dental plaque. The subjects were 10 adults of each sex, all of whom had essentially a full complement of teeth. Impressions were taken of the upper and lower jaws, the buccal and labial vestibular mucosa, and the ventral surface of the tongue, and stone models were cast. The dorsum of the tongue was assumed to have the same area as the palate plus that of the palatal surfaces of the upper teeth. The six separate areas considered were the teeth, the palate, the buccal and lingual gingival and alveolar mucosa, the buccal and labial vestibular mucosa, the ventral surface of the tongue, including the floor of the mouth, and the dorsum of the tongue. Aluminum foil, of known weight per unit area, was adapted to the models of the different regions of the mouth, and the surface areas were calculated from the weights of the foil. The mean total surface area of the mouth was 214.7 ± 12.9 cm 2, and there was no significant difference due to gender. The teeth, keratinized epithelium, and non-keratinized epithelium occupied about 20%, 50%, and 30% of the total surface area, respectively. Given that the average volumes of saliva present in the mouth before and after swallowing have been estimated to be 0.77 and 1.07 mL, respectively, it can be calculated that the average thickness of the salivary film in the mouth varies between 0.07 and 0.10 mm. Since we have previously assumed that dental plaque is washed by a relatively thick layer of saliva, the results have important implications with regard to diffusion of substances in and out of dental plaque and with regard to the sensation of oral dryness caused by fluid absorption through the oral mucosa or by salivary evaporation.
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Dutta, Mainak, Soumya Ghatak, Gautam Biswas, and Ramanuj Sinha. "Extensive Mucosal Erosion and Sloughing of Tongue: A Hitherto Unknown Complication of Topical Clotrimazole Preparation." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 52, no. 189 (March 31, 2013): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.585.
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Clotrimazole, a broad-spectrum imidazole antimycotic, is a widely-used prescription as well as an over-the-counter drug for treatment of mucosal (oral, vulvovaginal) candidiasis and dermatophytes. An extremely safe and well-tolerated drug, its safety profile has been well-explored in researches and trials. The commonest complaints are almost always non-serious-pruritus, rashes, paraesthesia (stinging/burning sensation) and erythema on topical applications, and nausea, vomiting, unpleasant taste sensation and elevated liver enzymes on oral preparations (troches). However, mucosal ulceration on topical clotrimazole preparation has not been reported in literature before. We present here the first documentation of extensive bilateral erosions and necrosis of tongue involving the mucosa, submucosa and musculature on application of one percent weight/volume clotrimazole mouth paint in a 27-year-old immunocompetent woman who presented with oral candidiasis.
Keywords: extensive bilateral ulceration and necrosis; oral candidiasis; side effect; topical clotrimazole.
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Damante, José Humberto, Luiz Eduardo Montenegro Chinellato, Fernando Toledo de Oliveira, Cleverson Teixeira Soares, and Raul Negrão Fleury. "Larva migrans in the oral mucosa: report of two cases." Brazilian Dental Journal 22, no. 2 (2011): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402011000200014.
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Cutaneous Larva migrans is a very common disease in tropical regions. In the oral mucosa, the infection occurs in the same way as in the skin, but it is rarer. This report describes two cases of Larva migrans in the oral mucosa. The first case was in a 27-year-old woman who presented an erythematous plaque located on the buccal mucosa, extending to a posterior direction, following a linear pattern, to other areas of the mouth. After incisional biopsy of the anterior-most portion of the lesion, morphological details obtained in multiple examined sections suggested Necator or Ancylostoma braziliense larvae as the cause of infection. The second case was in a 35-year-old male who presented a fusiform erythematous plaque in the palatal mucosa. This area was removed and submitted to microscopic examination under a presumptive diagnosis of "parasite migratory stomatitis". The histological characteristics were suggestive of a larva pathway. In both cases the lesion disappeared after biopsy and the patients were symptom-free.
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Gupta, Sabnam, Sudip Das, Abhay Singh, and Suman Ghosh. "A Brief Review on Bucco-adhesive Drug Delivery System." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 4-S (August 15, 2021): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i4-s.4934.
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The buccal region within the mucosal cavity of the mouth provides an alternative route over an oral drug administration for systemic as well as local drug delivery. As the buccal mucosa has an abundant blood supply and is relatively permeable, it can be considered as most accessible and desired location for both local and systemic drug delivery. The buccal method for medication delivery greatly helps in avoiding issues in the gastrointestinal environment, such as increased first-pass metabolism and medication degradation. Bucco-adhesive systems offer varieties of advantages such as convenience in administration and termination of therapy in case of emergency, higher patient compliance, better bioavailability, rapid absorption, etc. This current review highlights the bucco-adhesive drug delivery system, its advantages and limitations, mechanisms and theories of mucoadhesion, different bucco-adhesive dosage forms, and bioadhesive polymers. It also highlights the current status on mucoadhesive drug delivery methods for the buccal cavity or bucco-adhesive systems.
Keywords: Bioadhesion, mucoadhesion, bucco-adhesive drug delivery system, oral mucosa, first-pass metabolism, bioadhesive polymers.
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Bianchi, M. V., G. Konradt, S. O. de Souza, D. M. Bassuino, S. Silveira, A. C. S. Mósena, C. W. Canal, S. P. Pavarini, and D. Driemeier. "Natural Outbreak of BVDV-1d–Induced Mucosal Disease Lacking Intestinal Lesions." Veterinary Pathology 54, no. 2 (September 29, 2016): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985816666610.
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Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) belongs to the Pestivirus genus, which is further divided into subgenotypes (1a–1u and 2a–c). When persistent infection occurs, the calf will be immunotolerant to BVDV and possibly develop mucosal disease. This study describes an outbreak of BVDV-1d–induced mucosal disease lacking intestinal lesions. Eleven calves presented with anorexia, sialorrhea, lameness, recumbency, and death. Three calves were necropsied, showing ulceration of the interdigital skin and the oral and nasal mucosa; linear ulcers in the tongue, esophagus, and rumen; and rounded ulcers in the abomasum. Microscopically, mucosa and skin had superficial necrosis, with single-cell necrosis and vacuolation in epithelial cells, and severe parakeratosis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed BVDV antigen in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells in skin and mucosa. All 11 dead calves were positive upon reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of Pestivirus along with another 11 live calves from the herd, which were positive again by RT-PCR and IHC after a 4-week interval. Sequencing of the 5′ untranslated region and N-terminal protease showed that viruses from these 22 calves were homologous and of subgenotype BVDV-1d. Cytopathic BVDV was isolated from 8 of 11 dead calves, but only noncytopathic BVDV was isolated from the 11 live animals. The findings indicate that this was an outbreak of mucosal disease caused by BVDV-1d, with high morbidity, and lesions restricted to the upper alimentary system and skin and absent from intestine. Thus, the epidemiological and pathological features in this form of mucosal disease may be similar to vesicular diseases, including foot and mouth disease.
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Webber, LP, ACA Pellicioli, AS Magnusson, CK Danilevicz, CC Bueno, M. Sant’Ana Filho, PV Rados, and VC Carrard. "Nuclear changes in oral mucosa of alcoholics and crack cocaine users." Human & Experimental Toxicology 35, no. 2 (April 2, 2015): 184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327115579430.
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The effects of drugs of abuse on oral mucosa are only partly understood. The aims of the present study were to: (1) evaluate the frequency of nuclear changes in normal-appearing oral mucosa of alcoholics and crack cocaine users and (2) assess their association with cell proliferation rate. Oral smears were obtained from the border of the tongue and floor of the mouth of 26 crack cocaine users (24 males and 2 females), 29 alcoholics (17 males and 12 females), and 35 controls (17 males and 18 females). Histological slides were submitted to Feulgen staining to assess the frequency of micronuclei (MN), binucleated cells (BN), broken eggs (BE), and karyorrhexis (KR). A significant increase in the frequency of MN was observed in cells exfoliated from the tongue of crack cocaine users ( p = 0.01), and alcoholics showed a higher frequency of KR in cells obtained from the floor of the mouth ( p = 0.01). Our findings suggest that the use of crack cocaine induces clastogenic effects, whereas alcoholism is associated with higher degrees of keratinization in the floor of the mouth.
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Bradić-Vasić, Marija, Ana Pejčić, Milena Kostić, Ivan Minić, Radmila Obradović, and Ivana Stanković. "Lichen planus: Oral manifestations, differential diagnosis and treatment." Acta stomatologica Naissi 36, no. 81 (2020): 1980–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/asn2081980b.
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Introduction: Some of the typical skin diseases, such as Pemphigus vulgaris, Pemphigoid mucosae oris, Erythema exudativum multiforme, Sclerodremia, Dermatitis herpetiformis-Duhring and Lichen planus, can cause swelling and irritation in mucous membranes of the oral cavity. Aim: The aim of the study was to precise diagnosis and treatment of oral Lichen planus manifestations. Methods: Analyzing the literature data and the experience of clinicians, the most common oral lichen planus manifestations were investigated. Results: This disease most commonly occurs in middle-aged patients (30-60 years) and is more common in women than in men. Oral Lichen planus is rarely seen in children. The disease presents in 0.5% to 2% of the population. Clinical history established the relation between oral Lichen planus and oral carcinoma, and therefore this disease should be considered a precancerous lesion. Conclusion: Dermatoses in the mouth are localized most often in the oral mucosa, both at the height of the occlusal line and in the mucous membrane of the retromolar area, but they can also occur in the mucous membranes of the tongue, the floor of the mouth and lips.
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Laffoon, J. E., M. J. Kremer, C. A. Squier, and C. A. Lesch. "Ultrastructural Changes in Oral Mucosa After Topical Application of Nicotine." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 3 (August 12, 1990): 232–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100158704.
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The potential health risks involved with the use of smokeless tobacco have been well documented. This habit involves the placement of tobacco containing 0.2-8.0% nicotine directly on the oral mucosa. It is possible that such levels of nicotine may have a directly injurious effect; we have examined this using pig oral mucosa, which has a similar oral mucosa to that of man.Biopsies of porcine attached gingiva, buccal (B) and floor of mouth mucosa (FM) were incubated with either 2% or 6% nicotine in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) placed on the epithelial surface at 37°C for 1 or 2 hours. Controls were incubated with PBS at the same pH (7.5%) and osmolarity (450 milliosmoles) as the nicotine solution. The biopsies were prefixed in 2% paraformaldehyde, 2.5% glutaraldehyde, washed with cacodylate buffer, post fixed with 1% solution of osmium tetroxide in cacodylate buffer, dehydrated in graded alcohols, infiltrated, embedded and polymerized in Spurrs epoxy resin. Thin sections were prepared from all specimens and examined in the transmission electron microscope (TEM).
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Glass, Richard T., Robert S. Conrad, Charles Rieger Wood, Aric J. Warren, Gerwald A. Kohler, James W. Bullard, Gifty Benson, and Judyth M. Gulden. "Protective Athletic Mouthguards: Do They Cause Harm?" Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 1, no. 5 (September 2009): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738109341441.
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Background: Protective athletic mouthguards (PAMs) have been worn in competitive sports for more than 100 years. Today, participants in contact and noncontact sports wear PAMs. Hypothesis: Wearing a PAM produces oral injury. Study Type: Case series. Study Design and Methods: Sixty-two Division I football players voluntarily participated in the study. Before the beginning of the season, each player underwent a thorough oral examination, and all abnormal oral findings were photographed (hyperkeratosis, erythema, ulceration, and combinations thereof). At midseason, 14 players were given complete oral examinations, with all abnormal oral findings documented. At season end, all remaining players (n = 53) had complete oral examinations and photographs taken of abnormal oral findings. Results: The preseason examination of 62 players found a total of 85 lesions (1.4 lesions per player) on the gingiva (n = 17), buccal mucosa (n = 60), and palate (n = 8). The 14 midseason players had 28 lesions (2.0 lesions per player) on gingiva (n = 8), buccal mucosa (n = 16), and tongue (n = 4). At season end, the 53 remaining players had 198 lesions (3.7 per player) on the gingiva (n = 96), buccal mucosa (n = 79), tongue (n = 18), and palate (n = 5). In addition, the lesion intensity scores progressively increased over the season. Because the palate did not come into direct contact with the PAM, it was used as an internal control. Conclusion: The wearing of a PAM may increase the number and intensity of oral mucosal injuries, which may cause localized soft tissue reactions such as hyperkeratosis, erythema, and ulceration. Clinical Relevance: Because the PAM reduces tooth injury but may cause oral lesions, it should be sanitized daily and changed regularly and replaced whenever it becomes sharp and jagged or when the athlete develops an irritation in the mouth.
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Blanco-Elices, Cristina, Enrique España-Guerrero, Miguel Mateu-Sanz, David Sánchez-Porras, Óscar García-García, María Sánchez-Quevedo, Ricardo Fernández-Valadés, Miguel Alaminos, Miguel Martín-Piedra, and Ingrid Garzón. "In Vitro Generation of Novel Functionalized Biomaterials for Use in Oral and Dental Regenerative Medicine Applications." Materials 13, no. 7 (April 4, 2020): 1692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13071692.
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Recent advances in tissue engineering offer innovative clinical alternatives in dentistry and regenerative medicine. Tissue engineering combines human cells with compatible biomaterials to induce tissue regeneration. Shortening the fabrication time of biomaterials used in tissue engineering will contribute to treatment improvement, and biomaterial functionalization can be exploited to enhance scaffold properties. In this work, we have tested an alternative biofabrication method by directly including human oral mucosa tissue explants within the biomaterial for the generation of human bioengineered mouth and dental tissues for use in tissue engineering. To achieve this, acellular fibrin–agarose scaffolds (AFAS), non-functionalized fibrin-agarose oral mucosa stroma substitutes (n-FAOM), and novel functionalized fibrin-agarose oral mucosa stroma substitutes (F-FAOM) were developed and analyzed after 1, 2, and 3 weeks of in vitro development to determine extracellular matrix components as compared to native oral mucosa controls by using histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Results demonstrate that functionalization speeds up the biofabrication method and contributes to improve the biomimetic characteristics of the scaffold in terms of extracellular matrix components and reduce the time required for in vitro tissue development.
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Kristanti, Risma Aprinda. "The Effect of Carica Pubescens Lenne and K. Koch Fruit Extract from Dieng Plateau and Cangar to the Amount of Fibroblasts Cells on the Healing of Oral Mucosal Inflammation." Journal of Islamic Pharmacy 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jip.v1i1.3457.
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<p>The purposes of this research are to know the effect of <em>C.pubescens</em> fruit extract on the amount of gingival fibroblasts in wound healing of <em>Rattus </em><em>norvegicus</em> mouth cavity’s mucosal and to know the effect of <em>C.pubescens</em> comes from two different areas (Dieng and Cangar) on the amount of gingival fibroblasts in wound healing of <em>Rattus</em><em> norvegicus</em> oral mucosa. Twenty eight rats are divided to be four groups (K1, K2, K3, and K4), each rat is wounded 1 cm on the gingival mucosa of lower jaw (specifically on the apical region of incisive teeth). K1 is the control group with aquadest treatment on the wound. The wound in the K2 is treated with <em>C.pubescens </em>fruit extract from Dieng. The wound in the K3 is treated with <em>C.pubescens </em>fruit extract from Cangar. And the treatment for K4 is medicated by policresulen (common medicine for oral mucosal wound). On the fifth day of the treatment, all rats are sacrificed, and the gingival tissue is taken up for the next step. Gingival tissue is smeared by Haematoxylin Eosin (HE) to analyze the amount of gingival fibroblasts histologically. The result of this research shows that the highest average amount of gingival fibroblasts comes from K4 (policresulen treatment). And there is no significant difference on the number of <em>Rattus norvegicus</em> gingival fibroblasts from all of the groups (K1, K2, K3, and K4).</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: <em>fibroblast, gingival, wound, mucosa, mouth, C.pubescens</em></p>
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Md Anisuzzaman, Mostafa, Safiquer Rahman Khan, Mohammad Tariqul Islam Khan, Anser Uddin Ahmed, Md Wahiduzzaman, and Md Al Amin Sarkar. "Evaluation Of Epithelization When Amniotic Membrane Use As A Biologic Dressing In Oral Cavity." Update Dental College Journal 8, no. 1 (September 27, 2018): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v8i1.38410.
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Background:Skin act as a protective barrier to prevent the contamination from environment and dehy- dration of tissue. After any surgery to the oral cavity, wound closure or reconstruction is mandatory which is done by skin graft and skin substitute like amniotic membrane by the process of epithelializa- tion and tissue regeneration. Amniotic membrane is use as skin substitute in burn, eye and oral cavity as biologic wound dressing.Objective:To evaluate the epithelialization after use of amniotic membrane in mucosal defect of oral cavity as a biologic dressing.Methods:This was a prospective study which included 26 with premalignant lesion in buccal mucosa who under went excision of the lesion from intraoral buccal mucosa between January 14-june 15 and post operative follow up for 4-6 month after the surgical procedure. We used amniotic membrane(am) for dressing of the defects in buccal mucosa of oral cavity under local anesthesia. Efficacy of this procedure was assessed by granulation tissue formation with surface epithelialization on the graft site.Results:The epithelialization evaluated in postoperative period. According to sex 40 males 70% and 30 females age 22-72 years with means age 45.0±10.5 years. After excision of lesion from buccal mucosa amniotic membrane was grafted on the defect. Completeadherence of amniotic membrane in most of the cases.Wound covered by epithelialization was entire wound coverage in 85% and Nearly entire wound coverage in 15% when use amniotic membrane use as a biologic dressing in oral cavity. No allergic reaction occurs in any patients.Conclusion: Amniotic membrane can be useas a skin substitute in buccal mucosa of the oral cavity.Update Dent. Coll. j: 2018; 8 (1): 36-40
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Neupane, Ganesh Prasad, Maya Rai, R. S. Rathore, V. K. Bhargava, A. K. Mahat, and D. B. Dhami. "Comparative Study of Intralesional Dexamethasone Plus Hyaluronidase & Oral Colchicine in Patients with Oral Submucous Fibrosis." Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College 14, no. 2 (October 31, 2018): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v14i2.21542.
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Introduction: Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) is a precancerous condition of the oral mucosa. It is characterized by excessive production of collagen leading to inelasticity of the oral mucosa and atrophic changes of the epithelium.Aim and objective: To evaluate the efficacy of oral Colchicine in comparison to intralesional injections of Dexamethasone plus Hyaluronidase in the management of OSMF patients.Materials and Methods: Fourty patients with OSMF were randomly divided equally into two groups. 20 patients in Dexamethasone group received biweekly intralesional injections of Dexamethasone (4mg/ml) plus Hyaluronidase 1500 IU in buccal mucosa for a period of 12 weeks. Other 20 patients in Colchicine group received oral Colchicine 0.5 mg tablets twice daily for 12 weeks. Parameters taken in the study were burning sensation, and mouth opening. Descriptive statistics, paired t test and unpaired t test were used for statistical analysis.Results and Conclusions: The pre- and post-treatment differences were found to be statistically significant for both the groups (p<0.001) and for both the treatment outcomes. When the average difference of the treatment outcomes was compared between the two study groups, statistically highly significant difference was noted (p <0.001) only in mouth opening but not in burning sensation.These encouraging results should prompt further clinical trials with Colchicine on a larger sample size to broaden the therapeutic usefulness of the drug in the management of OSMF. JNGMC, Vol. 14 No. 2 December 2016, Page: 60-65
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Rafael qızı Yusubova, Şəhla, Jalə Həsən qızı Zeynalova, Şəfəq Əlif qızı Məmmədova, and Həcər İradə qızı İsmayılova. "Social-epidemiological prerequisites for dysbacteriosises formation of tunica mucosa of mouth." SCIENTIFIC WORK 15, no. 3 (March 24, 2021): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/64/30-32.
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The purpose of the study was an exposure of social-epydemiological prerequisites for the dysbacteriosis of mouth's tunica mucosa. It was observed 195 patients, selected according to preventive measures and dental health service appealability. The assay samples (biomaterials) from miscellaneous biotopes of all patients were inspected during the microbiology study by system BMSB (WHO, 1984). As a result of researches it was revealed that most proportion of dysbacterioses accounts for patients living in city centre - 44,7±4,5%. The given index amongst patients with normal microflora was 18,1±4,6%. There was the decrease of sickness rate in pericentre - 30.1±4,2%, in uptowns - 16,3±3,3% and in villages - 8,9±2,6%. For dysbacteriosis formation of a mucous membrane of oral cavity (MMOC) the following social-epidemiological prerequisites had vital importance: a material trouble, unsatisfactory living conditions, residence in polluted by exhausts city centre and the certain social-occupational adaptation. Realization of measures for reduction of activity of the aboved mentioned social-epidemiological prerequisites permits to confine the risk of dysbacteriosis formation of MMOC. Key words: oral cavity, mucous membrane, dysbacteriosis
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Awan, Ayesha Mukhtar, Iram Naz, Muhammad Khurram Mahmood, and Hafeez Uddin. "EXPRESSION OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-9 IN ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA AND ORAL PSEUDOEPITHELIOMATOUS HYPERPLASIA." Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences 18, no. 01 (March 31, 2020): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46903/gjms/18.01.2120.
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Background: Oral pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH) appears histologically similar to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in small oral biopsies, thus posing diagnostic dilemma. The objective of this study was to compare the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in differential diagnosis of OSSC and oral PEH. Materials & Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi, Pakistan from January 2013 to March 2016. It included sixty archival cases, 30 each of OSCC and PEH. Paraffin embedded blocks were prepared, hematoxylin and eosin stained sections taken and immunostained with MMP-9. The expression of MMP-9 was evaluated in OSCC and PEH. Results: The OSCC group included 16 (53.33%) men and 14 (46.67%) women, whereas PEH group included 18 (60%) men and 12 (40%) women. The mean age of OSCC group was 60.1±17.3 and that of PEH group was 52.7±16.6. In OSCC group, site of lesion was buccal mucosa in 12 (40%), gingiva 10 (33.33%), tongue 7 (23.33%) and floor of mouth 1 (3.34%) case. In PEH group, site of lesion was buccal mucosa in 12 (40%), tongue 11 (36.66%), gingiva 6 (20%) and palate 1 (3.34%) case. The expression of MMP-9 was positive in all the 30 cases of OSCC and negative in all 30 cases of PEH. Conclusion: Compared to pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH), MMP-9 revealed a higher expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This finding has become mainstream strategy in distinguishing OSCC from PEH in oral mucosal biopsies in cases difficult to diagnose.
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Funieru, Cristian, Carmen Gheorghe, Ioanina Părlătescu, and Şerban Ţovaru. "Oral candidiasis – A complication of dry mouth." Romanian Journal of Stomatology 63, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjs.2017.1.7.
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Introduction. Oral candidiasis is a complication of dry mouth witch is not present in all cases, but its prevalence remains high. Material and method. 29 patients aged 45 to 82 years suffering from dry mouth caused by various general conditions were selected for this study. Clinical examinations were performed and all the lesions of oral mucosa were counted. The accurate diagnosis of oral candidiasis was established by the mycological exam. Results. 66% of patients involved in this study presented oral candidiasis confirmed by the laboratory. The atrophic and hyperplasic oral candidiasis were the most common clinical types found in this study. Conclusions. The prevalence of oral candidiasis remains relatively high among patients suffering from dry mouth; therefore dentists should treat or guide them to a specialist.
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Laureano, André, and Jorge Cardoso. "Unilateral Oral Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid: Refractory Atypical Presentation Successfully Treated with Intravenous Immunoglobulins." Case Reports in Dermatological Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/930859.
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A 57-year-old male presented with a 6-month history of blisters and painful erosions on the right buccal mucosa. No skin or other mucosal involvement was seen. The findings of histopathological and direct immunofluorescence examinations were sufficient for the diagnosis of oral mucous membrane pemphigoid in the context of adequate clinical correlation. No response was seen after topical therapies and oral corticosteroids or dapsone. Intravenous immunoglobulin was started and repeated every three weeks. Complete remission was achieved after three cycles and no recurrence was seen after two years of follow-up. The authors report a rare unilateral presentation of oral mucous membrane pemphigoid on the right buccal and hard palate mucosa, without additional involvement during a period of five years. Local trauma or autoimmune factors are possible etiologic factors for this rare disorder, here with unique presentation.
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Landgraf, Ana Carolina Machado, Angélica Reinheimer, Júlio Cezar Merlin, Soraya de Azambuja Berti Couto, and Paulo Henrique Couto Souza. "Mechanical Ventilation and Cytopathological Changes in the Oral Mucosa." American Journal of Critical Care 26, no. 4 (July 1, 2017): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2017218.
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BackgroundThe oral mucosa is an important defense barrier to penetration of microorganisms. Thus, changes in the oral epithelium might indicate risk for infection in intensive care patients receiving mechanical ventilation.ObjectiveTo evaluate the oral mucosa of intensive care patients who did or did not receive mechanical ventilation by using liquid-base exfoliative cytology.MethodsThe sample consisted of 3 groups: 27 patients admitted to intensive care during a 7- to 14-day period who received mechanical ventilation, 29 patients admitted during the same period who did not receive mechanical ventilation, and 27 healthy patients who had no lesions in the mouth. For all 3 groups, samples were collected from the buccal mucosa by using cytology brushes. Smears were applied to glass slides before Papanicolaou staining and were codified for blind analyses by a cytopathologist. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests were used to analyze the results.ResultsPatients receiving mechanical ventilation had higher prevalence and intensity of karyomegaly, perinuclear halos, cell keratinization, deep cells, and leukocyte infiltrates than did patients in the other 2 groups (P < .05). No significant differences were observed between the control group and the group who did not receive mechanical ventilation.ConclusionsLiquid-base exfoliative cytology can be used to detect preclinical alterations in the oral mucosa. Patients treated with mechanical ventilation are vulnerable to infections, and oral care may be valuable in their prognosis.
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Weinberg, A., S. Krisanaprakornkit, and B. A. Dale. "Epithelial Antimicrobial Peptides: Review and Significance for Oral Applications." Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 9, no. 4 (October 1998): 399–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10454411980090040201.
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Epithelial tissues provide the first line of defense between an organism and the environment. Disruption of this barrier leads to bacterial invasion and subsequent inflammation. This is precisely the situation existing in the human oral cavity, where tissues are constantly exposed to a variety of microbial challenges that can lead to bacterially induced periodontal diseases, and to infections of the oral mucosa by bacteria, fungi, and viruses. With the recent discoveries of host-derived peptide antibiotics in mammalian mucosal epithelium, a new line of investigation is emerging to test the hypothesis that one class of these peptides, called " β-defensins", functions to protect the host against microbial pathogenesis at these critical, confrontational sites. In that light, impairment of β-defensin activity has recently been implicated in chronic bacterial infections in cystic fibrosis patients. The first direct evidence of expression of defensin peptides in the oral mucosa was the identification of a novel epithelial β-defensin in mammalian tongue. It was shown to be upregulated in inflammation, suggesting that it participates in host defense. It is theorized that epithelial cell-derived antimicrobial peptides function to keep the natural flora of micro-organisms in a steady state in different niches such as the skin, the intestines, the airway, the endocervix, and the mouth. There is now evidence indicating that normal gingival epithelial cells and tissues express two β-defensins, hBD- I and the newly described hBD-2. In addition, a cathelin-class antimicrobial peptide, designated LL-37 and found in human neutrophils, is also expressed in skin and gingiva. It is highly likely that these and/or other epithelial antimicrobial peptides play an important role in determining the outcome of the host-pathogen interaction at the oral mucosal barrier, and that they may have important future applications in antibiotic treatment.
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Lerra, Sandeep. "Pterygoid Muscle Transposition for Reconstruction of Small Posterior Defect Along with Primary Closure Following Surgery for Oral Cancers: A Novel Technique." International Journal of Head and Neck Surgery 1, no. 3 (2010): 187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10001-1037.
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Abstract A novel method for the primary reconstruction of the defect in the posterior oral cavity following excision of retromolar trigone (RMT) is described. It uses a combination of lateral pterygoid flap along with primary closure of the residual floor of mouth mucosa and buccal mucosa for primary repair of the defect. This is a functionally satisfactory and simple reconstructive procedure with a shorter operation time and hence can be used for reconstruction in high-risk patients. To the best of our knowledge, this technique of primary repair of posterior oral cavity has not been described in literature.
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Sudbø, Jon, Roy Samuelsson, Björn Risberg, Stig Heistein, Christian Nyhus, Margaretha Samuelsson, Ruth Puntervold, et al. "Risk Markers of Oral Cancer in Clinically Normal Mucosa As an Aid in Smoking Cessation Counseling." Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, no. 9 (March 20, 2005): 1927–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.03.172.
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Purpose Quitting smoking may prevent oral cancer. Behavioral intervention to quit smoking may be more efficient if persons are assigned an individual risk of cancer. Patients and Methods In this prospective study, we provided counseling and behavioral intervention toward smoking cessation, supplemented by genetic analyses in clinically normal oral mucosa of heavy smokers. Measurement of serum cotinine was used to assess changes in smoking habits. Results In cytologic scrapings from 275 heavy smokers with clinically normal mucosa, we found tetraploidy in four and aneuploidy in 19 persons (23 of 275; 8%). Twenty one (91%) of 23 persons with aneuploidy had quit or reduced their smoking habits at the 3-month follow-up, 20 (87%) of 23 persons had done so at 12 months, and 21 (91%) of 23 persons had done so at 24 months. Fifty-one (20%) of the 252 persons without genetic changes in their mucosa had quit or reduced their tobacco habits at the 3-month follow-up, 23 (9%) had done so at 12 months, and 17 (7%) had done so at 24 months (P < .001). After 24 months, normalization of DNA content to diploidy was observed in two of four persons with tetraploid (50%), and in 11 of 19 persons (58%) with aneuploid scrapings. One patient developed an oral carcinoma in the floor of the mouth: this patient had an aneuploid scraping obtained 43 months earlier and developed a leukoplakia 28 months before the carcinoma. Conclusion Risk markers of oral cancer are present in clinically normal mucosa of heavy smokers, and such findings enhance the adherence to smoking cessation on counseling. Cytogenetic aberrations may normalize after quitting smoking.
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Engelen, L., A. van der Bilt, and F. Bosman. "Relationship between Oral Sensitivity and Masticatory Performance." Journal of Dental Research 83, no. 5 (May 2004): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910408300507.
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The size of a bolus determines how it will be manipulated in the mouth and swallowed. We hypothesized that mucosal sensitivity would be important for masticatory function. The accuracy of solid object size perception, spatial acuity, and food particle size reduction during mastication were measured in 22 healthy adults with/without topical anesthesia of their oral mucosa. Topical anesthesia had no effect on the perception of sphere sizes, but significantly reduced spatial sensitivity. Without anesthesia, there was a correlation between an individual’s ability to perceive the sizes of steel spheres (diameter, 4–9 mm) and the sizes of food particles chewed for 15 cycles and at swallowing. There was no correlation between spatial sensitivity and food particle size. We suggest that the stimuli used to test two-point discrimination stimulates only superficial receptors, which involve light touch and are easily anesthetized, while the spheres might excite more deeply-set receptors. The latter appear to be more important for masticatory performance and swallowing.
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Anggraeni, Diah Tika, Ayu Trisna Hayati, and Aan Nur'aeni. "THE EFFECT OF ORAL CARE INTERVENTION ON ORAL HEALTH STATUS OF INTUBATED PATIENTS IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT." Belitung Nursing Journal 6, no. 1 (February 14, 2020): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33546/bnj.971.
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Background: Oral infections can be a potential source of infection resulting in a variety of systemic diseases, especially in intubated patients in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Endotracheal tube (ETT) of the intubated patient’s mouth can be an entry point and place of bacteria colonization that causes ventilator-associated pneumonia which is one of the causes of the patient’s death in ICU. Nurses as caregivers have an important role in providing oral care intervention to maintain oral health and prevent the infection.Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effect of oral care intervention on oral health status of intubated patients in the ICU. Methods: This was a pre-experimental study with one group pre-test post-test design. A consecutive sampling was used to select 18 intubated patients in the ICU of Al Islam hospital in Bandung. Oral health status was evaluated by Beck Oral Assessment Scale (BOAS). Descriptive analysis was used for the univariate analysis and t-test was used for bivariate analysis. Results: The results showed that oral health scores before and after intervention were 11.94 and 13.28 (p=.004). The BOAS subscales had a significant worsening of the lips, gingiva, oral mucosa and saliva (p<.05), while there was an improvement in teeth subscale after oral care intervention (p<.001).Conclusion: The results suggested that the oral health status of intubated patients had worsened, despite routinely oral care intervention using chlorhexidine gluconate. Mucosa care may become an essential part of the oral care intervention for intubated patients. Therefore, additional topical agent is needed to maintain the moisture of the mucosal membrane, so that the oral health status of intubated patients will be better.
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Olsufka, William, Danielle Cabral, Megan McArdle, and Rebecca Kavanagh. "Nortriptyline-induced oral ulceration: A case report." Mental Health Clinician 8, no. 6 (November 1, 2018): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.9740/mhc.2018.11.309.
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Abstract Drug-induced oral ulcers are lesions of the oral mucosa accompanied by painful symptoms, such as burning mouth, metallic taste, dysgeusia, or ageusia. This report demonstrates the first documented case of drug-induced oral ulcers with the tricyclic antidepressant nortriptyline. In this case, a 49-year-old female initiated treatment for refractory neuropathy with nortriptyline. Within 2 weeks of therapy, painful, oral, bubble-like ulcers developed. Complete symptom resolution occurred approximately 1 month after discontinuation of nortriptyline. Clinicians should be cognizant of nortriptyline's ability to potentially induce oral ulcers; however, the exact mechanism for this adverse event is unknown.
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Smerdina, L. N., E. A. Tyo, and Yu G. Smerdina. "Oral rehabilitation of microstomia." Fundamental and Clinical Medicine 6, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2021-6-2-136-141.
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Here we present a clinical case of microstomia with the focus on the oral rehabilitation of the patient. Microstomia, an abnormal contracture of the mouth, occurred in this case as a result of alveolar resection due to cancer, and scarring impeded mouth opening. The patient needed a partial removable laminar denture for the upper jaw. Prosthetics became possible upon normalization of oral mucosa. We describe the imprint preparation features in conditions of lacking right alveolar appendix and crossover fold after surgery. The formation of the wax board in combination with molding allowed demarcation of denture border. The laminar denture successfully replaced jaw and teeth defects, restored proper mastication, improved mouth moistening and speech, as well as facial aesthetics and quality of life.