Journal articles: 'Oral Rehydration Salts or Solution (ORS)'

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Zvigule-Neidere, Gunda, Arta Barzdina, Gunta Laizane, Inese Sviestina, and Karlis Agris Gross. "Preliminary Results on the Use of Oral Rehydration Fluid in the Form of Gelato for Rehydration of Patients at the Children’s Clinical University Hospital’s Emergency and Infectiology Units." Key Engineering Materials 800 (April 2019): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.800.65.

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Oral rehydration fluids (ORS) are used to reverse dehydration that, in case of children, mostly is due to acute gastroenteritis. The key of successful dehydration treatment is to replenish the lost water and electrolytes. This is best done by consuming oral rehydration solution, containing both salt and sugar. ORS enhances ﬂuid absorption because sodium and glucose transport in the small intestine are coupled, and glucose promotes absorption of both sodium ions and water. Studies show that children refuse ORS due to its salty-sweet taste and unpalatability. To improve oral rehydration therapy, we hypothesized that freezing ORS containing a fruit/berry juice to a likeable texture in “gelato” form could promote oral rehydration. The results provide a basis for further development of the ORS gelato with attention to flavor, sweetness and texture.

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Yadav, Sachin. "A Case Report Cholera Outbreak in Gaidataar: A Lesson for Further Strengthening the Task Force for Epidemic Management in Nepal." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 56, no. 207 (September 30, 2017): 374–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.3284.

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Cholera is an acute enteric infection caused by the ingestion of bacterium Vibrio cholerae1. Cholera is transmitted through contaminated food and water. Prevention and preparedness of cholera require a coordinated multi-disciplinary approach. The extremely short incubation period enhances the potentially explosive pattern of outbreaks. Cholera can lead to severe dehydration and death if left untreated. The laboratory testing is required for antimicrobial sensitivity testing and for confirming the end of an outbreak. Provision of safe drinking water, proper sanitation, and food safety are critical for preventing occurrence of cholera. Health education aims at communities adopting preventive behavior for averting contamination. Specific training for all the staffs about proper case management including avoidance of noso-comial infection (like face masks, gloves, antiseptic solution, hand scrubs). Sufficient pre-positioned medical supplies for case management (diarrhoeal disease kits, iv fluids, antibiotics, safety measures). Improved access to water, effective sanitation, proper waste management and vector control. Improved communication and public information. Oral Rehydration Salts can treat 80% of cholera1. Appropriate antibiotics can reduce the duration of purging. With a well and properly managed team of health experts with all essential medicines and a good rapid response team, any outbreak can be prevented, controlled and managed. Keywords: cholera; epidemic; ORS; rapid response team; shanchol; task force.

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Sundari, Thermiany Anggri, Soetjiningsih Soetjiningsih, Sri Supar Yati Soenarto, and I. P. G. Karyana. "Efficacy of reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution, rice ... based oral rehydration solution, and standard WHO oral rehydration solution in children with acute diarrhea - a randomized open trial." Paediatrica Indonesiana 49, no. 3 (July 1, 2009): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi49.3.2009.169-76.

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Background The composition of the WHO's standard oral rehydration solution (ORS) is similar to that of choleric stool. Currently, there are questions about whether the composition is acceptable for treating dehydration caused by diarrhea. Efforts are being made to try and improve the WHO ORS, e.g., to decrease the solution osmolarity to avoid hypertonic side effects.lt is acknowledged that if glucose is used in ORS, the sodium will go through enterocytes and glucose will tum into an absolute substance for the formula. Glucose is less affordable and not widely produced in developing countries, hence researchers are currently exploring substitutes such as rice flour.Objective To compare the efficacy of reduced osmolarity ORS,rice-based ORS and the WHO standard ORS among childrenwith acute diarrhea.Methods A randomized open trial was conducted in children aged6-59 months old admitted for acute diarrhea. One-way AN OVAwas used to compare the three different types of ORS given.Results The mean duration of diarrhea was significantly lower inthe group treated with reduced osmolarity ORS (52.66 h, 95%CI 4 7.13 to 58.18) and rice-based ORS (54.66 h, 95% CI 4 7.97to 61.34) compared to the group treated with the WHO standardORS (67.34 h, 95% CI 61.50 to 73.18). Multivariate analysisshows that intervention had a significant effect on reducing theduration of diarrhea.Conclusions Reduced osmolarity ORS and rice-based ORSsignificantly lower the mean duration of children with acutediarrhea compared with the group treated with the WHO standardORS.

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Salwan, Hasri, Isnada Isnada, Achirul Bakri, Rusdi Ismail, and Erial Bahar. "Benefits of gum arabic supplementation to oral rehydration solution in managing acute diarrhea." Paediatrica Indonesiana 47, no. 6 (December 31, 2007): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi47.6.2007.265-9.

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Background Oral rehydration solution (ORS) has been provensuccessfully to overcome dehydration in diarrhea. The improvementof the effectiveness of ORS is still needed to overcome some failures.Gum Arabic (GA), an indigestable starch, can enhance ORSabsorption in mice with diarrhea. It is worthy to explore its benefitsin human. Since GA is non toxic to human being, it is regardedethical to conduct effectiveness study directly in clinical setting.Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of GA supplementationto ORS in managing inpatients diarrheal cases .Methods A double blind clinical trial was conducted during Marchto September 2004 in the Department of Child Health of M. HoesinHospital, Palembang. The subjects were randomly enrolled to GA-ORS (GA) group or ORS (SO) group. Indirect measurements wereconducted on ORS absorptive enhancement by evaluating theduration of diarrhea after hospitalization, frequency of defecationduring hospitalization, ORS consumption during hospitalization,and time laps of stool consistency conversion. The effectivenessanalysis was controlled for confounders.Results Supplementation of 0.5 gram GA to 200 ml ORS could decreasethe duration of diarrhoea 15.65 hours (P=0.000) during hospitalisation,frequency of defecation during hospitalization 1.171 times/days(P=0.002), ORS consumption 38.39 ml/kg BW (P=0.029), time ofstool consistency to become semisolid 15.84 hours (P=0.000), andbecome solid 14.45 hours (P=0.002). Vomiting during hospitalizationand aged group of 6-11 months were significant confounder. However,after controlling the outcome with these confounding factors, thebenefits of GA supplementation were still significant.Conclusions GA supplementation to ORS significantly shortenthe duration of diarrhea, decreases the frequency of defecation,consumption of ORS, time of stool consistency to becomesemisolid and solid in inpatients diarrheal cases.

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Houston, Kirsty A., Jack G. Gibb, and Kathryn Maitland. "Oral rehydration of malnourished children with diarrhoea and dehydration: A systematic review." Wellcome Open Research 2 (August 18, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12357.1.

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Background: Diarrhoea complicates over half of admissions to hospital with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for the management of dehydration recommend the use of oral rehydration with ReSoMal (an oral rehydration solution (ORS) for SAM), which has lower sodium (45mmols/l) and higher potassium (20mmols/l) content than standard ORS. The composition of ReSoMal was designed specifically to address theoretical risks of sodium overload and potential under-treatment of severe hypokalaemia with rehydration using standard ORS. In African children, severe hyponatraemia at admission is a major risk factor for poor outcome in children with SAM complicated by diarrhoea. We therefore reviewed the evidence for oral rehydration therapy in children with SAM. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on 18th July 2017 comparing different oral rehydration solutions in severely malnourished children with diarrhoea and dehydration, using standard search terms. The author assessed papers for inclusion. The primary endpoint was frequency of hyponatraemia during rehydration. Results: Six RCTs were identified, all published in English and conducted in low resource settings in Asia. A range of ORS were evaluated in these studies, including standard ORS, hypo-osmolar ORS and ReSoMal. Hyponatraemia was observed in two trials evaluating ReSoMal, three children developed severe hyponatraemia with one experiencing convulsions. Hypo-osmolar ORS was found to have benefits in time to rehydration, reduction of stool output and duration of diarrhoea. No trials reported over-hydration or fatalities. Conclusions: Current WHO guidelines strongly recommend the use of ReSoMal based on low quality of evidence. Studies indicate a significant risk of hyponatraemia on ReSoMal in Asian children, none have been conducted in Africa, where SAM mortality remains high. Further research should be conducted in Africa to evaluate optimal ORS for children with SAM and to generate evidence based, practical guidelines.

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Houston, Kirsty A., Jack G. Gibb, and Kathryn Maitland. "Oral rehydration of malnourished children with diarrhoea and dehydration: A systematic review." Wellcome Open Research 2 (September 28, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12357.2.

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Background: Diarrhoea complicates over half of admissions to hospital with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for the management of dehydration recommend the use of oral rehydration with ReSoMal (an oral rehydration solution (ORS) for SAM), which has lower sodium (45mmols/l) and higher potassium (40mmols/l) content than old WHO ORS. The composition of ReSoMal was designed specifically to address theoretical risks of sodium overload and potential under-treatment of severe hypokalaemia with rehydration using standard ORS. In African children, severe hyponatraemia at admission is a major risk factor for poor outcome in children with SAM complicated by diarrhoea. We therefore reviewed the evidence for oral rehydration therapy in children with SAM. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on 18th July 2017 comparing different oral rehydration solutions in severely malnourished children with diarrhoea and dehydration, using standard search terms. The author assessed papers for inclusion. The primary endpoint was frequency of hyponatraemia during rehydration. Results: Six RCTs were identified, all published in English and conducted in low resource settings in Asia. A range of ORS were evaluated in these studies, including old WHO ORS, standard hypo-osmolar WHO ORS and ReSoMal. Hyponatraemia was observed in two trials evaluating ReSoMal, three children developed severe hyponatraemia with one experiencing convulsions. Hypo-osmolar ORS was found to have benefits in time to rehydration, reduction of stool output and duration of diarrhoea. No trials reported over-hydration or fatalities. Conclusions: Current WHO guidelines strongly recommend the use of ReSoMal based on low quality of evidence. Studies indicate a significant risk of hyponatraemia on ReSoMal in Asian children, none have been conducted in Africa, where SAM mortality remains high. Further research should be conducted in Africa to evaluate optimal ORS for children with SAM and to generate evidence based, practical guidelines

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Houston, Kirsty A., Jack G. Gibb, and Kathryn Maitland. "Oral rehydration of malnourished children with diarrhoea and dehydration: A systematic review." Wellcome Open Research 2 (October 27, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12357.3.

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Background: Diarrhoea complicates over half of admissions to hospital with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for the management of dehydration recommend the use of oral rehydration with ReSoMal (an oral rehydration solution (ORS) for SAM), which has lower sodium (45mmols/l) and higher potassium (40mmols/l) content than old WHO ORS. The composition of ReSoMal was designed specifically to address theoretical risks of sodium overload and potential under-treatment of severe hypokalaemia with rehydration using standard ORS. In African children, severe hyponatraemia at admission is a major risk factor for poor outcome in children with SAM complicated by diarrhoea. We therefore reviewed the evidence for oral rehydration therapy in children with SAM. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on 18th July 2017 comparing different oral rehydration solutions in severely malnourished children with diarrhoea and dehydration, using standard search terms. The author assessed papers for inclusion. The primary endpoint was frequency of hyponatraemia during rehydration. Results: Six RCTs were identified, all published in English and conducted in low resource settings in Asia. A range of ORS were evaluated in these studies, including old WHO ORS, standard hypo-osmolar WHO ORS and ReSoMal. Hyponatraemia was observed in two trials evaluating ReSoMal, three children developed severe hyponatraemia with one experiencing convulsions. Hypo-osmolar ORS was found to have benefits in time to rehydration, reduction of stool output and duration of diarrhoea. No trials reported over-hydration or fatalities. Conclusions: Current WHO guidelines strongly recommend the use of ReSoMal based on low quality of evidence. Studies indicate a significant risk of hyponatraemia on ReSoMal in Asian children, none have been conducted in Africa, where SAM mortality remains high. Further research should be conducted in Africa to evaluate optimal ORS for children with SAM and to generate evidence based, practical guidelines

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Sato, Junya, Satoru Nihei, Naoto Morikawa, Hiromi Nagashima, Kenshi Sekimura, Hirohiko Tairabune, Yuji Yonezawa, and Kenzo Kudo. "Evaluation of the Short Hydration Using Oral Rehydration Solution(Ors)." Annals of Oncology 25 (October 2014): v87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdu436.58.

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Rishi, Rakesh Kumar, S. H. Bodakhe, and M. Tailang. "Patterns of Use of Oral Rehydration Therapy in Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttaranchal, India." Tropical Doctor 33, no. 3 (July 2003): 143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947550303300307.

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A study was conducted to assess the knowledge of preparing packet oral rehydration solution (ORS) and home-made salt-sugar solution (SSS) among mothers in Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttaranchal. Two hundred and twenty-five mothers were interviewed. Only a small proportion recognized the ORS packets (18.66%) and only 17.77% mentioned the correct method of preparing a solution from a packet (even after reading the instructions on the packet). Home-made SSS was adequately discussed by only 6.22% mothers and they were taught to correctly prepare and administer ORS and home-made SSS. After the educational programme, significant ( P<0.001) improvement in their knowledge was found. Eighty-six per cent knew the correct method of preparing packet ORS and 80.88% the correct method of preparing home-made SSS ( P<0.001). Interventions of this kind should be carried out to improve the knowledge and skills of mothers in treating childhood diarrhoea.

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Bentley, Margaret, and Elizabeth Herman. "To Improve the Household Management of Diarrhea." Practicing Anthropology 18, no. 3 (July 1, 1996): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.18.3.q560w848241856hx.

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Diarrheal disease is one of the leading causes of infant and child morbidity and mortality worldwide. Developed in the 1960s, oral rehydration salt solutions (ORS) were a major technological advance, offering a practical alternative to intravenous therapy for treatment of dehydration. Subsequently, ORS in prepacked sachets (or various home prepared solutions, such as sugar-salt solution or cereal-based solutions) have been promoted worldwide for home and clinic treatment of diarrhea. Yet early efforts to promote ORS, often through sophisticated social marketing and mass media programs, showed that increasing public awareness of diarrheal disease and the benefits of ORS did not necessarily lead to the desired behavior change—the effective and sustained use of ORS. (See, for example, M. K. Nations and L. A. Rebhun, "Mystification of a Simple Solution: Oral Rehydration Therapy in Northeast Brazil," Social Science and Medicine 27[1988]:25-38.) Apparently, the "simple solution" is not quite so simple.

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Suryanto, Muhammad, Renny Hariati, Yati Soenarto, and Moenginah P. A. "Comparison between 200 ml and 1 liter packages of oral rehydration solution prepared by mothers of patients with diarrhea in the oral rehydration room." Paediatrica Indonesiana 28, no. 11-12 (August 12, 2019): 231–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi28.11-12.1988.231-7.

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To have a comparison between the preparation of oral rehydration solution (ORS) of 200 ml and 1 liter packages, a study had been done in 30 mothers of children under five years of age suffering from diarrhea who treated their children in oral rehydration room (group I) and 30 mothers of non diarrheal children under five years sampled in the out-patient Department of Child Health, Dr. Sardjito General Hospital (group II). No significant difference was found (p <0.05) concerning the sodium concentration in th ORS of 200 ml and in the 1 liter package (group I: 85.95 ± 16.07, and 81.52 ± 16.21, group II 98.11 ± 24.67 and 97.02 ± 21.87) (mEq/L, Mean ± SD). Of 30 mothers group 11, 5 mothers (19.23%) made mistakes in preparing the I liter packages of ORS and the sodium concentration in this package was higher compared to the concentration in the 200 ml package. There was no significant difference concerning diluted volume and the sodium concentration between group I and the recommended method, but there was a significant difference (p < 0.005) between group II and recommended method. A significant difference was also found (p ( 0.001) between group I and group 11 about the mothers knowledge of the effect of diarrhea, the use of ORS, the amount of ORS that must be given lo !he patients and !he indications to refer the patients to !he health center or hospital.

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Kitson, Olivia, Kay Rutherfurd-Markwick, Andrew Foskett, Jason Kai Wei Lee, Charles Diako, Marie Wong, and Ajmol Ali. "Sensory Perception of an Oral Rehydration Solution during Exercise in the Heat." Nutrients 13, no. 10 (September 23, 2021): 3313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103313.

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Prolonged exercise in the heat elicits a number of physiological changes as glycogen stores are low and water and electrolytes are lost through sweat. However, it is unclear whether these changes provoke an increase in liking of saltiness and, therefore, palatability of an oral rehydration solution (ORS). Twenty-seven recreationally active participants (n = 13 males; n = 14 females) completed sensory analysis of an ORS, a traditional sports drink (TS), and a flavored water placebo (PL) at rest and during 60 min (3 × 20-min bouts) of cycling exercise at 70% age-predicted maximum heart rate (HRmax) at 35.3 ± 1.4 °C and 41 ± 6% relative humidity. Before and after every 20 min of exercise, drinks were rated (using 20-mL beverage samples) based on liking of sweetness, liking of saltiness, thirst-quenching ability, and overall liking on a nine-point hedonic scale. Hydration status was assessed by changes in semi-nude body mass, saliva osmolality (SOsm), and saliva total protein concentration (SPC). After 60 min of exercise, participants lost 1.36 ± 0.39% (mean ± SD) of body mass and there were increases in SOsm and SPC. At all time points, liking of sweetness, saltiness, thirst-quenching ability, and overall liking was higher for the TS and PL compared to the ORS (p < 0.05). However, the saltiness liking and thirst-quenching ability of the ORS increased after 60 min of exercise compared to before exercise (p < 0.05). There was also a change in predictors of overall liking with pre-exercise ratings mostly determined by liking of sweetness, saltiness, and thirst-quenching ability (p < 0.001), whereas only liking of saltiness predicted overall liking post-exercise (R2 = 0.751; p < 0.001). There appears to be a hedonic shift during exercise in which the perception of saltiness becomes the most important predictor of overall liking. This finding supports the potential use of an ORS as a valuable means of hydration during the latter stages of prolonged and/or intense exercise in the heat.

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Marlin, D. J., C. M. Scott, P. C. Mills, H. Louwes, and J. Vaarten. "Rehydration following exercise: effects of administration of water versus an isotonic oral rehydration solution (ORS)." Veterinary Journal 156, no. 1 (July 1998): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1090-0233(98)80060-9.

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Subramaniam, P., U. Eswara, KL Girish Babu, and B. Vardhan. "Oral Rehydration Salt-Liquid as an Alternative Storage Medium - A Preliminary Study." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 35, no. 4 (July 1, 2011): 393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.35.4.a23g135265n2h241.

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Objective: To assess the efficacy of Oral Rehydration Salt-Liquid (ORS-L) in the maintenance of the viability of Periodontal ligament cells (PDL). Materials and Method: Twenty freshly extracted teeth were used for this study. They were then randomly divided into 3 groups: Positive control group - 5 teeth which were immediately subjected to collagenase assay, without immersing in ORS-L; Negative control group - 5 teeth with an extra oral dry time of 24 hours, followed by subjecting to collagense assay without immersing in ORS-L and Test group (ORS-L) - 10 teeth with an extra oral dry period of 30 minutes, followed by immersion in ORS-L for a period of 45 minutes and then subjected to collagenase assay. The mean number of viable PDL cells were counted on a hemocytometer under 20X magnification. Results: The mean number of viable PDL cells was highest in the positive control group. In comparison to the negative control group, the test group showed a higher number of viable PDL cells. Conclusion: The study found that ORS-L was an effective solution in maintaining the viability of PDL cells.

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Chander, Ramesh, Puja Vimesh, and Shyam Singh. "Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Mothers Regarding 'Oral Rehydration Therapy' in Jammu Slums." JMS SKIMS 15, no. 2 (December 27, 2012): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33883/jms.v15i2.146.

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BACKGROUND: Little information is available among mothers living in Jammu slums regarding oral rehydration therapy(ORT). OBJECTIVE: To study the knowledge, attitude and practices of mothers regarding oral rehydration therapy during diarrhoeal episode in their children? STUDY DESIGN & SETTING : A cross-sectional study, conducted in slums of Jammu city. METHODS: A total of 750 mothers of children below 6 years of age suffering from diarrhoea were recruited for the study. The sample size was selected out of the total 3000 mothers of children suffering from diarrhoea by systematic random sampling technique. Mothers were contacted by house to house visits and in Anganwari centers. RESULTS: Most of the mothers got first information about oral rehydration solution(ORS) from health personals (68.8%) and 17.9% from mass-media. Majority considered it to be a home- made remedy of diarrhoea (40.5%).They were knowing some forms of home-available fluids. The first line of action of mothers at the onset of diarrhoea was to consult health personnels (58%). While 26.9% used ORS and the rest wanted it in combination with medicines. Only 12.54% and 22.33% mothers could prepare Sugar Salt Solution and ORS correctly, respectively. JMS 2012;15(2):111-14

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Gupta, Reshu, Liangjie Yin, Astrid Grosche, Shanshan Lin, Xiaodong Xu, Jing Guo, Lauren A. Vaught, Paul G. Okunieff, and Sadasivan Vidyasagar. "An Amino Acid–Based Oral Rehydration Solution Regulates Radiation-Induced Intestinal Barrier Disruption in Mice." Journal of Nutrition 150, no. 5 (March 4, 2020): 1100–1108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa025.

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ABSTRACT Background Radiotherapy inadvertently affects gastrointestinal (GI) epithelial cells, causing intestinal barrier disruption and increased permeability. Objective We examined the effect of amino acid–based oral rehydration solution (AA-ORS) on radiation-induced changes of intestinal barrier function and epithelial tight junctions (TJs) in a randomized experimental study using a total-body irradiation (TBI) mouse model. Methods Eight-week-old male Swiss mice received a single-dose TBI (0, 1, 3, or 5 Gy), and subsequent gastric gavage with AA-ORS (threonine, valine, serine, tyrosine, and aspartic acid) or saline for 2 or 6 d. Intestinal barrier function of mouse ileum was characterized by electrophysiological analysis of conductance, anion selectivity, and paracellular permeability [fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran]. Ultrastructural changes of TJs were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Membrane protein and mRNA expression of claudin-1, -2, -3, -5, and -7, occludin, and E-cadherin were analyzed with western blot, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry. Nonparametric tests were used to compare treatment-dose differences for each time point. Results Saline-treated mice had a higher conductance at doses as low as 3 Gy, and as early as 2 d post-TBI compared with 0 Gy (P < 0.001). Paracellular permeability and dilution potential were increased 6 d after 5 Gy TBI (P < 0.001). Conductance decreased with AA-ORS after 2 d in 3-Gy and 5-Gy mice (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001), and on day 6 after 5 Gy TBI (P < 0.001). Anion selectivity and FITC permeability decreased from 0.73 ± 0.02 to 0.61 ± 0.03 pCl/pNa (P < 0.01) and from 2.7 ± 0.1 × 105 to 2.1 ± 0.1 × 105 RFU (P < 0.001) in 5-Gy mice treated with AA-ORS for 6 d compared with saline. Irradiation-induced ultrastructural changes of TJs characterized by decreased electron density and gap formation improved with AA-ORS. Reduced claudin-1, -3, and -7 membrane expression after TBI recovered with AA-ORS within 6 d, whereas claudin-2 decreased indicating restitution of TJ proteins. Conclusions Radiation-induced functional and structural disruption of the intestinal barrier in mice is reversed by AA-ORS rendering AA-ORS a potential treatment option in prospective clinical trials in patients with gastrointestinal barrier dysfunction.

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Sowers, William. "Roundtable: Exploring Downstream Partnerships to Market Zinc Supplementation to Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) in Developing Countries." Social Marketing Quarterly 11, no. 3-4 (December 2005): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15245000500308955.

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To explore downstream partnerships at the 2005 Innovations in Social Marketing Conference, participants formed roundtable discussion groups, assuming roles of stakeholders marketing zinc supplementation to oral rehydration solution (ORS) in a hypothetical developing country. Recent developments, including reformulation of ORS and results of clinical trials on zinc, have in effect created a new approach to diarrheal treatment, reflected in new WHO guidelines. Using ORS during diarrhea and taking zinc for 10–14 days reduces the duration and severity of episodes and helps prevent new episodes of diarrhea, a significant child health problem in developing countries.

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Yurdakök, Kadriye, and Elif Özmert. "Rehydration of Two Patients with Secondary Glucose Intolerance by Using Rice-Oral Rehydration Solution (R-ORS)." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology &amp Nutrition 23, no. 4 (November 1996): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005176-199611000-00032.

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Nalin, David. "Issues and Controversies in the Evolution of Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT)." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 6, no. 1 (March 12, 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6010034.

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The original studies demonstrating the efficacy of oral glucose-electrolytes solutions in reducing or eliminating the need for intravenous therapy to correct dehydration caused by acute watery diarrheas (AWD) were focused chiefly on cholera patients. Later research adapted the oral therapy (ORT) methodology for treatment of non-cholera AWDs including for pediatric patients. These adaptations included the 2:1 regimen using 2 parts of the original WHO oral rehydration solution (ORS) formulation followed by 1 part additional plain water, and a “low sodium” packet formulation with similar average electrolyte and glucose concentrations when dissolved in the recommended volume of water. The programmatic desire for a single ORS packet formulation has led to controversy over use of the “low sodium” formulations to treat cholera patients. This is the subject of the current review, with the conclusion that use of the low-sodium ORS to treat cholera patients leads to negative sodium balance, leading to hyponatremia and, in severe cases, particularly in pediatric cholera, to seizures and other complications of sodium depletion. Therefore it is recommended that two separate ORS packet formulations be used, one for cholera therapy and the other for non-cholera pediatric AWD.

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Quereshi, Umar A., Javeed I. Bhat, Syed W. Ali, Abid A. Mir, Altaf H. Kambay, and Imtiyaz N. Bhat. "Acute salt poisoning due to different oral rehydration solution (ORS) packet sizes." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 77, no. 6 (June 2010): 679–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-010-0095-0.

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Radlovic, Vladimir, Zoran Lekovic, Nedeljko Radlovic, Marija Lukac, Dragana Ristic, Dusica Simic, and Maja Bijelic. "Significance of the application of oral rehydration solution to maintain water and electrolyte balance in infants with ileostomy." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 141, no. 5-6 (2013): 325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1306325r.

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Introduction. Ileostomy represents a necessary procedure to solve various surgical diseases in children. As the result of increased fluid loss and colonic exclusion in its regulation, it is often followed, particularly during the first months after birth, by chronic dehydration and failure to thrive. Objective. The aim of the paper was to present our experience related to the application of oral rehydration solution (ORS) to compensate the intestinal loss of water and electrolytes in infants with ileostomy. Methods. Treatment was performed with ORS containing 65 mmol/L of sodium in five infants aged 1.5-8 months (3.8?2.46 months) with dehydration and undernutrition after ileostomy performed in the first five days after birth. Results. After rehydration, the continual application of ORS in the daily dosage of 63.90?25.03 ml/kg, i.e. approximately matching the volume of intestinal content elimination (57.00?19.23 ml/kg), resulted in all infants in optimal water and electrolyte homeostasis, and in further course also in the improvement of their nutritional status (p=0.023). Conclusion. Our experience indicates that continual application of reduced sodium content of ORS in the approximate equal quantity of intestinal content loss represents the method of choice in water and electrolyte homeostasis maintenance in infants with ileostomy.

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Barik, Kanai Lal, and Uttam Kumar Paul. "A qualitative study on experiences of mothers about control of diarrhoea of their children." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 2 (February 23, 2019): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20190698.

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Background: Diarrheal disease poses a significant problem to the health, wellbeing and survival of children of less than five-year age group and is the second leading cause of mortality. Most of the deaths are due to dehydration and it can be preventable by proper and timely use of oral rehydration salt solution (ORS). There is lack of awareness among the mothers about the appropriate use of ORS during diarrhea of children. So, authors have tried to find out the experiences of the mothers about the management of diarrhea of their children.Methods: The study is one of qualitative descriptive type involving 27 mothers of children who are suffering from diarrhoea in face to face in depth interviews (IDI).Results: The mothers of children were within the age group of 21 to 34 years of age group. On the basis of qualitative data analysis, the present study shows the data related to childhood diarrhea can be classified under six themes. The themes are : 'Perception of the participant mothers about the diarrhea of their babies', 'Measures taken by the mothers to combat diarrhea at home', 'How Oral rehydration salt solution is applied by the mothers', 'How Oral rehydration salt solution is beneficial', 'How Oral rehydration salt solution is causing undesirable effects on the baby' and 'What additional measures taken to control diarrhea of the baby'.Conclusions: There are several misconceptions and lack of awareness of the mothers about management of diarrhoea. However, it is possible to create awareness among them so that they can take all suitable measures to control diarrhoea.

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Kauna, Rhondi, Kone Sobi, Wendy Pameh, John D. Vince, and Trevor Duke. "Oral Rehydration in Children with Acute Diarrhoea and Moderate Dehydration—Effectiveness of an ORS Tolerance Test." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 65, no. 6 (April 16, 2019): 583–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmz017.

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Abstract Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is the mainstay of treatment of acute watery diarrhoea, but it is underutilized in many hospitals, resulting in children with moderate degrees of dehydration being unnecessarily hospitalized and receiving intravenous fluids. We aimed to assess the utility of an ORS tolerance test on initial presentation to an emergency department, and determine the volume of ORS a child with diarrhoea and moderate dehydration needed to tolerate to be successfully managed at home. One hundred and twenty-nine children with acute watery diarrhoea and moderate dehydration were given ORS and observed in a Children’s Emergency Department (CED) over a period of 2–4 h. Patients were admitted, kept in the CED for further management or discharged, based on the assessment of oral intake and the clinical judgement of the treating health workers. Seventy-nine (61.2%) patients tolerated ORS well. They drank a median [interquartile range (IQR)] of 24.4 ml (IQR 12.5–28.8) ml/kg, were judged to have passed the ORS test and were discharged to continue oral rehydration treatment at home. At follow-up on days 2 and 5, 63/79 (79.7%) children had improved, were adequately hydrated and the diarrhoea had reduced. Sixteen of the 79 (20.3%) failed oral home treatment, with persisting diarrhoea, vomiting, hypokalaemia and/or weakness. The 63 who succeeded had tolerated a median of 25.8 (IQR 18.4–30.0) ml/kg of ORS in the CED, whilst the 16 who failed oral home treatment had tolerated 11.1 (IQR 9.1–23.0) ml/kg ORS (p < 0.001).

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Wapnir, Raul A., Mark A. Wingertzahn, Leslie A. Allen, and Saul Teichberg. "A Low-Osmolality Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) Is Improved By Gum Arabic.† 517." Pediatric Research 41 (April 1997): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199704001-00537.

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Zhang, Xiao Meng, Hao Deng, Jin Dong Tong, Yi Zhen Wang, Xu Chao Ning, Xiu Hong Yang, Fang Qiang Zhou, and Hui Min Jin. "Pyruvate-Enriched Oral Rehydration Solution Improves Glucometabolic Disorders in the Kidneys of Diabetic db/db Mice." Journal of Diabetes Research 2020 (September 25, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2817972.

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Diabetes is prevalent worldwide, but ideally intensive therapeutic strategy in clinical diabetes and diabetic nephropathy (DN) is still lack. Pyruvate is protective from glucometabolic disturbances and kidney dysfunction in various pathogenic insults. Present studies focused on oral pyruvate effects on diabetes status and DN with 0.35% pyruvate in pyruvate-enriched oral rehydration solution (Pyr-ORS) and 1% pyruvate as drinking water for 8 weeks, using the model of diabetic db/db mice. Both Pyr-ORS and 1% pyruvate showed comparable therapeutic effectiveness with controls of body weight and blood sugar, increases of blood insulin levels, and improvement of renal function and pathological changes. Aberrant key enzyme activities in glucometabolic pathways, AR, PK, and PDK/PDH, were also restored; indexes of oxidative stress and inflammation, NAD+/NADH ratio, and AGEs in the kidneys were mostly significantly preserved after pyruvate treatments. We concluded that oral pyruvate delayed DN progression in db/db mice and the modified Pyr-ORS formula might be an ideal novel therapeutic drink in clinical prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes and DN.

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Noshina Riaz, Sidra Tul Muntaha, Maria Qibtia, and Shugufta Sohail. "Use of Zinc and Oral Rehydration Solution in Home Management of Diarrhea: Knowledge of Mothers of attending a Tertiary Care Hospital." Journal of Islamabad Medical & Dental College 8, no. 3 (September 29, 2019): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v8i3.419.

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Background: Diarrhea is the second leading cause of mortality in children below 5 years of age in Pakistan. Use of Zinc and ORS has been proven in clinical trials to be beneficial in reducing morbidity and mortality. Poor knowledge regarding home management of diarrhea leads to mortality due to severe dehydration. The objective of this study was to assess the level of knowledge of mothers of under five-year-old children regarding, diarrheal home management in Cantonment General Hospital, Rawalpindi. Material and Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study carried out at Department of Pediatrics, Cantonment General Hospital, Rawalpindi, from 1st August, 2017 to 31st January, 2018. About 400 mothers of under five-year-old children, coming to the outpatient department of the hospital were enrolled in this study. A self-designed structured and validated questionnaire was used to assess the level of knowledge of mothers regarding home management of diarrhea using Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) and Zinc. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23 with a p value < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: About 91% (n=364) of mothers had awareness regarding use of ORS as a means of diarrheal home management. Regarding level of knowledge variable results were found. A good percentage of mothers had knowledge of the purpose of ORS use (78.3%), administration (60%) and initiation of ORS (68%), but only 20.8% mothers rightly answered the timing of ORS administration. Mothers knowledge about the use of zinc, daily administration and duration of administration (10-14 days) was 38.8% ,20.5% and 17.3% respectively. Mothers who were more educated especially secondary and above and of the age group 22-31, had better awareness of ORS than others, as P value is less than 0.05. Among mothers who were aware of the use of ORS, only 41.8% of them were also aware of the use of zinc. Conclusion: A high awareness level regarding ORS use in mothers was reflected fairly in terms of purpose, administration and initiation of ORS but the knowledge of mothers regarding use of zinc and timing of ORS administration, in home management of diarrhea is still lacking.

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Khatun, Most Zosnara, Md Jawadul Haque, Md Abdul Awal, Md Ataur Rahman, and Shahin Mahmuda. "Knowledge and Practice of Oral Rehydration Solution in Diarrhoea of the Mothers Attending ORT Corner of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital." TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association 33, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/taj.v33i2.51337.

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This cross sectional type of descriptive study was carried out among the mothers, who attended ORT corner of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital for the treatment of diarrhoea of their children to assess their knowledge and practice of oral rehydration solution in diarrhoea. The sample size was 385, which was selected purposively. Data were collected from the respondents by face to face interview according to a partially structured questionnaire. Data were analysed by using SPSS software programme and interpretations were done using appropriate statistical tests like Chi Square Test. Ethical issues were considered throughout the study. Majority (62.5%) of the mothers were in the age group of 21 – 30 years and most (71%) of them were housewives. Most (95.12%) of the mothers knew the preparation of ORS correctly but only 42.82% of them used ORS properly during diarrhoea of their children. The relationship of correct knowledge on ORS preparation was direct with literacy level and monthly family income of the mothers, which were significant (p<0.05). Knowledge on ORS preparation was found significantly more among house wives in comparison to other professions (p<0.05) but there was no significant relationship between knowledge on ORS preparation and age group of the mothers (p>0.05). Correctly use of ORS during diarrhoea of the children was found significantly associated with family income (p<0.05) but was not found associated with age and literacy level of the mothers (p>0.05 each). This study provided some important information regarding knowledge and practice on ORS use of the mothers in Rajshahi region. TAJ 2020; 33(2): 32-38

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Nizami, S. Q., I. A. Khan, and Z. A. Bhutta. "Self-Reported Concepts about Oral Rehydration Solution, Drug Prescribing and Reasons for Prescribing Antidiarrhoeals for Acute Watery Diarrhoea in Children." Tropical Doctor 26, no. 4 (October 1996): 180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947559602600416.

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Sixty-seven general practitioners (GPs) and 27 paediatricians practising in Karachi were interviewed to evaluate their knowledge and attitude towards use of oral rehydration solution (ORS) and management of acute watery diarrhoea (AWD) in children and to define factors for their self-reported prescribing of antidiarrhoeals. Whilst nearly 50% of them reported ORS to be palatable and acceptable by children, 80% reported that ORS was not accepted by parents as sole treatment. Eighty per cent of GPs and 37% of paediatricians reported prescribing antidiarrhoeals for AWD in children, and ‘parental pressure’ and ‘use as placebo’ were the commonest reasons. In addition 45% of GPs believed in the efficacy of antidiarrhoeals and thought these drugs necessary for the control of diarrhoea.

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Bahl, Rajiv, Nita Bhandari, and M. K. Bhan. "Reduced-Osmolarity oral rehydration salts solution multicentre trial: Implications for national policy." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 63, no. 4 (July 1996): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02905721.

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HUNT, I. B., E. J. ELLIOTT, and M. J. G. FARTHING. "Efficacy of a standard United Kingdom oral rehydration solution (ORS) and a hypotonic ORS assessed by human intestinal perfusion." Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 3, no. 6 (March 31, 2007): 565–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1989.tb00249.x.

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Gancz, Hanan, Orly Niderman-Meyer, Meir Broza, Yechezkel Kashi, and Eyal Shimoni. "Adhesion of Vibrio cholerae to Granular Starches." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 8 (August 2005): 4850–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.8.4850-4855.2005.

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ABSTRACT Cholera is a severe diarrheal disease caused by specific serogroups of Vibrio cholerae that are pathogenic to humans. Cholera can become epidemic and deadly without adequate medical care. Appropriate rehydration therapy can reduce the mortality rate from as much as 50% of the affected individuals to <1%. Thus, oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is an important measure in the treatment of this disease. To further reduce the symptoms associated with cholera, improvements in oral rehydration solution (ORS) by starch incorporation were suggested. Here, we report that V. cholerae adheres to starch granules incorporated in ORS. Adhesion of 98% of the cells was observed within 2 min when cornstarch granules were used. Other starches showed varied adhesion rates, indicating that starch source and composition play an important role in the interaction of V. cholerae and starch granules. Sugars metabolized by V. cholerae showed a repressive effect on the adhesion process. The possible mechanisms involved are discussed. Comparing V. cholerae adhesion with the adhesion of other pathogens suggests the involvement of starch degradation capabilities. This adhesion to granular starch can be used to improve ORT.

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Leiper, JB, and RJ Maughan. "Comparison of Absorption Rates from an Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) and Five Commercial Soft Drinks." Clinical Science 82, s26 (March 1, 1992): 24P. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs082024p.

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Nocerlno, A., M. Migliavacca, A. Fasano, C. Verqa, A. Ferrara, A. Rubino, and S. Guandalini. "78. TOWARD A SUPER-ORAL REHYDRATION SOLUTION (ORS): ENHANCEMENT OF INTESTINAL WATER ABSORPTION BY A POLY-NUTRIENT SOLUTION." Pediatric Research 22, no. 1 (July 1987): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-198707000-00099.

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M., Muthulakshmi, and Gopalakrishnan S. "Use of oral rehydration solution by mothers of under-five children in a rural area of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu: a KAP study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 11 (October 25, 2017): 4326. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20174853.

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Background: Diarrhoea is defined as the passage of loose, liquid or watery stools more than three times a day. Globally, diarrhoeal disease is the second leading cause of death in children under five years of age. Timely management of the children with ORS has substantially declined the morbidity and mortality from acute infectious diarrhoea. This study was planned with an objective to find out the knowledge, attitude and practice about the use of ORS among mothers of under five children.Methods: This is a cross sectional descriptive study carried out in the rural field practice area attached to a medical college in Kancheepuram district. Using simple random sampling method, the study group of 450 mothers of under-five children were identified. The data was collected using a pretested structured questionnaire containing 10 questions for assessing the knowledge and 8 for attitude and practice each. The answers were scored accordingly. Data was analysed using SPSS 17 software. Knowledge, attitude and practice were calculated using percentages.Results: It is observed that 72% had adequate knowledge, 92% had positive attitude and 94% had good practice regarding the use of ORS among mothers of under-five children.Conclusions: In this study, most of the mothers had adequate knowledge, attitude and practice about the use of ORS. However, knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers towards use of ORS for the treatment of diarrhoea need a little more improvement. This improvement can be achieved through effective health education strategies

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Siekmans, Kendra, Marion Roche, Jacqueline Kung’u, Rachelle Desrochers, Abdul Adish, Deepika Chaudhery, and S. Kaushik. "Trends and Opportunities in Zinc and Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS) for Diarrhea Treatment across Multi-country Formative Assessments." European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety 5, no. 5 (January 10, 2015): 840–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2015/21118.

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Amatya, Mrigendra, K. Oli, S. Pokhrel, and S. Shrestha. "Comparison of acute pressor effects of plain water, oral rehydration solution, and fruit juice ingestion in healthy young adults." Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Science 7, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v7i1.30007.

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Background and Objectives: Ingestion of plain water is associated with an acute rise in blood pressure, probably due to elicitation of a sympathetic reflex in patients with autonomic dysfunction. Whether the pressor response is similar in healthy individuals is disputed. Other types of fluid could have different effects. Comparison of the pressor effects of plain water ingestion with other types of fluids has been reported scantily. Material and methods: In a cross-over experimental study, young medical students ingested 500 mL of plain water (PW), 500 mL of oral rehydration salt solution (ORS), or 400 mL of commercial fruit juice (FJ) on separate days, with at least two days’ gap. Their heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP: systolic, SBP and diastolic, DBP) were recorded before, immediately after (0 min), and at 2, 5, 20, and 40 min after fluid ingestion and compared with baseline values. Results: Sixty nine apparently healthy medical students (40 males and 29 females, age range 18-24 years) participated in the study. Compared to baseline, SBP and DBP were significantly higher at 0, 2, and 5 min measurements with ORS and FJ; then lowered at 20 and 40 min. With the PW, BP changes were not significant at any time of measurement. In all experimental set ups, HR increased significantly at 0, 2, and 5 min and lowered to near baseline levels then after. Conclusion: Ingestion of ORS and FJ, but not PW, is associated with acute pressor effects in healthy young adults. This finding could have implications on the choice of fluid for prophylaxis in hypotensive conditions such as blood donation, postural hypotension, and autonomic dysfunction.

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Maragkoudaki, Maria, George Chouliaras, Antonia Moutafi, Athanasios Thomas, Archodoula Orfanakou, and Alexandra Papadopoulou. "Efficacy of an Oral Rehydration Solution Enriched with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and Zinc in the Management of Acute Diarrhoea in Infants: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial." Nutrients 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2018): 1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10091189.

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The efficacy of oral rehydration solution (ORS) enriched with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and zinc in infants with acute gastroenteritis, is poorly defined. The aim of this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, was to assess the efficacy of an ORS enriched with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and zinc (ORS+Lr&Z) in well-nourished, non-hospitalized infants with acute diarrhoea. Fifty one infants with acute diarrhoea were randomly assigned to receive either ORS+Lr&Z (28 infants, mean ± SD age 1.7 ± 0.7 years, 21 males), or standard ORS (ORS−Lr&Z; 23 infants, mean ± SD age 1.8 ± 0.7 years, 16 males). Stools volume and consistency were recorded pre- and posttreatment using the Amsterdam Infant Stool Scale and were compared between the two groups, as well as lost work/day care days, drug administration and need for hospitalization. Both groups showed reduction in the severity of diarrhoea on day two (p < 0.001) while, all outcomes showed a trend to be better in the ORS+Lr&Z group, without reaching statistical significance, probably due to the relatively small number of patients. No adverse effects were recorded. In conclusion, both ORS were effective in managing acute diarrhoea in well-nourished, non-hospitalized infants. ORS enriched with L. reuteri DSM 17938 and zinc was well tolerated with no adverse effects.

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Sunoto, Sunoto, Suharyono Suharyono, Aswitha D. Budiarso, and Adnan S. Wiharta. "Oral Rehydration Therapy in Young Infants less than 3 Months with Acute Diarrhoea and Modeate Dehydration." Paediatrica Indonesiana 28, no. 3-4 (July 25, 2019): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi28.3-4.1988.67-78.

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Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) as an appropriate technology in the treatment of acute diarrhoeal diseases (ADD) has been accepted throughout the world. It has been proved that besides lifesaving, ORT has reduced about 70-80% of the use of intravenous solution and average cost of the treatment of ADD. If there is still problem, question or doubtfulness, is the use of WHO ORS in full concentration for the neonates and young infants less than 3 months of age. During one-year period it has been treated 72 cases of ADD in young infants less than 3 months of age with moderate dehydration. They were divided into 3 groups. The first group was treated with 100 mil kg bw of fluid consisting oftwothirds as WHO ORS in full concentration for 4 hours period and the rest, one-third, was given as plain water for 2 hours period. The second group was treated with kristalyte with the Na concentration of 51 mEq/L and the third group was treated with intravenous Ringer's lactate for 6 hours period. After the end of the study only 18 patients in each group could be matched and evaluated. From clinical observation and laboratory examinations, the result of the treatment in general, statistically shows no significant difference. Diarrhoea and vomiting stopped in all groups on the second day of treatment. Hyponatremia which occurred in 3 patients in Group I and 2 patients each in Group II and III improved after 6 hours of treatment. Acidosis was corrected in all of the treatment groups in 6 hours period. Weight gain up to 6-9% of body weight on admission was achieved after 6 hours of treatment in all groups. No complication of hypernatremia, convulsion nor hypoglycaemia in all the treatment group. From this study it could be concluded that WHO ORS is quite safe and effective as ORS with low sodium concentration and intravenous treatment, as far as it is given slowly, little by little with a strict supervision.

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Alam, Nur H., Sufia Islam Islam, Shirajum Monira, Remy F. Meier, and Niklaus E. Gyr. "836 Comparative Efficacy of Oral Rehydration Solutions (ORS) Containing Amylase Resistant Starch and Rice Based Oral Rehydration Solution in the Treatment Severely Malnourished Children with Cholera." Gastroenterology 136, no. 5 (May 2009): A—126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(09)60566-7.

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Yokoyama, T., S. Takata, I. Hirukawa, T. Inui, K. Yano, R. Seki, H. Wada, S. Nagai, H. Takizawa, and H. Goto. "Safety and Tolerance of Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) for Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy in Patients with Lung Cancer." Annals of Oncology 24 (November 2013): ix80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdt460.72.

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AHMAD, AMEER, SADIQ HUSSAIN, and AYESHA FAYYAZ. "FREQUENCY OF HYPONATREMIA." Professional Medical Journal 19, no. 05 (October 8, 2012): 679–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2012.19.05.2393.

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Introduction: Acute diarrhea is defined as passage of three or more stools in a day, of consistency softer than usual for thechild, or one watery stool. Acute diarrhea is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. It accounts for approximately25% of total admissions in children ward and causes mortality of 5-10% in community. As dehydration is the main complication of diarrhea,treatment focuses upon rehydration through fluid replacement. Oral Rehydration solution (ORS) is the recommended treatment in children withacute diarrhea and some dehydration. Now WHO has recommended Low Osmolarity ORS which contains less sodium and glucose thanstandard ORS. One of the side effect of use of ORS solution with reduced sodium level is the development of hyponatremia ( i.e. serum sodiumlevel less than 130 meq/L) in some of children with acute diarrhea and results in adverse clinical events. Objective: To determine thefrequency of hyponatremia in children taking low osmolarity ORS for management of acute diarrhea with some dehydration. Study design:Descriptive case series. Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted in Department of Pediatrics, Children ward-2 Bahawal VictoriaHospital Bahawal Pur and Department of Pathology Quaid-e-Azam medical college Bahawal Pur from 7th August 2010 to 22nd September2010. Subjects and methods: Total 32 children with age between 3 months to 60 months with acute diarrhoea and some dehydration withnormal initial serum sodium were included. An informed consent was taken from the parents to include their children in the study. Proforma wasfilled at the time of admission and after 4 hours. Blood sample was taken to measure serum sodium level. Criteria of hyponatreima was serumsodium level below 130 meq/l after giving low osmolarity ORS at a dose of 75 ml/kg to drink. Results: A total of 32 children with acute diarrheawere included in study with age ranging from 3 months to 60 months. Male to female ratio was 1.1:1. Hyponatremia was seen in 2 (6.3%) ofpatients. Conclusions: The risk of hyponatremia in patients treated with the low osmolarity ORS was minimal.

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J.U., Ogugua, and Chiejina E.N. "Knowledge and Barriers to Use of Low-Osmolarity Oral Rehydration Solution and Zinc Supplementation in the Management of Childhood Diarrhea Among Primary Health Care Providers in Imo State, Nigeria." African Journal of Biology and Medical Research 4, no. 3 (July 30, 2021): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajbmr-bddcn0iz.

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Low-Osmolarity Oral Rehydration Solution (L-ORS) and zinc supplementation remain the recommended gold standard for the management of childhood diarrhoea. However, since 2005, there has been little or no progress in increasing the use of L-ORS and zinc supplementation in the management of children under 5 years with diarrhoea. The study, therefore, assessed the knowledge and barriers to the use of low osmolarity ORS and zinc supplementation among primary healthcare providers. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional design carried out among health care providers working in government-owned primary health centres across the 27 LGAs of Imo State Nigeria. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data from randomly selected 340 health care providers. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and a chi-square test. Out of the 340 healthcare providers who participated in the study, a higher proportion of respondents demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge (75.86%), which was reflected in their moderate extent of use of L-ORS and zinc supplementation in the management of childhood diarrhoea. Major barriers contributing to the suboptimal use of L-ORS and zinc included poor availability of L-ORS and zinc supplementation (85.9%), limited training and re-training of health care workers (60.9%) and poor communication of current public trends among health providers (81.5%). Findings from the study also indicated that the level of knowledge on the use of L-ORS - zinc and cadre of the health providers were significantly associated with the use of L-ORS and zinc: p-value 0.01, p-value < 0.01 respectively. Despite the moderate level of knowledge on the use of L-ORS and zinc, there still remained identifiable knowledge gaps on key factors underlying the use of the recommended L-ORS and zinc, hence there is a need for continuous training and re-training programs for health care workers to improve their knowledge and skillsets towards promoting sustainable use of Low ORS and Zinc supplementation in the management of childhood diarrhoea.

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Pleșea Condratovici, Cătălin, Vladimir Bacarea, and Núria Piqué. "Xyloglucan for the Treatment of Acute Gastroenteritis in Children: Results of a Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6874207.

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Background. Xyloglucan, a film-forming agent, improves intestinal mucosa resistance to pathologic damage. The efficacy, safety, and time of onset of the antidiarrheal effect of xyloglucan were assessed in children with acute gastroenteritis receiving oral rehydration solution (ORS).Methods. This randomized, controlled, open-label, parallel-group, multicenter, clinical trial included children (3 months–12 years) with acute gastroenteritis of infectious origin. Children were randomized to xyloglucan and ORS, or ORS only, for 5 days. Diarrheal symptoms, including stool number/characteristics, and safety were assessed at baseline and after 2 and 5 days and by fulfillment of a parent diary card.Results. Thirty-six patients (58.33% girls) were included (n=18/group). Patients receiving xyloglucan and ORS had better symptom evolution than ORS-only recipients, with a faster onset of action. At 6 hours, xyloglucan produced a significantly greater decrease in the number of type 7 stools (0.11 versus 0.44;P=0.027). At days 3 and 5, xyloglucan also produced a significantly greater reduction in types 6 and 7 stools compared with ORS alone. Xyloglucan plus ORS was safe and well tolerated.Conclusions. Xyloglucan is an efficacious and safe option for the treatment of acute gastroenteritis in children, with a rapid onset of action in reducing diarrheal symptoms. This study is registered with ISRCTN number65893282.

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Unger, Carla Chan, Shumona Sharmin Salam, Md Shafiqul Alam Sarker, Robert Black, Alejandro Cravioto, and Shams El Arifeen. "Treating diarrhoeal disease in children under five: the global picture." Archives of Disease in Childhood 99, no. 3 (November 6, 2013): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2013-304765.

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Rates of childhood mortality due to diarrhoea remain unacceptably high and call for renewed global focus and commitment. Affordable, simple and effective diarrhoeal treatments have already been available for many years, yet a shift in international health priorities has seen coverage of recommended treatments slow to a near-standstill since 1995. This article reviews coverage of recommended childhood diarrhoeal treatments (low-osmolarity oral rehydration solution (ORS) and zinc), globally and regionally, and provides an overview of the major barriers to wide-scale coverage. It is argued that to ensure smooth supply and equitable distribution of ORS and zinc, adequate financing, relevant policy changes, strong public, private and non-government organisation (NGO) collaboration, local manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, mass media awareness and campaigning, in conjunction with strong government support, are necessary for successful treatment scale-up.

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Hidayat, Syamsul, Srie Enggar K. D., Nancy Pardede, and Rusdi Ismail. "Nasogastric Drip Rehydration Therapy in Acute Diarrhea with Severe Dehydration." Paediatrica Indonesiana 28, no. 3-4 (July 25, 2019): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi28.3-4.1988.79-84.

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WHO recommended severe dehydration without shock in acute diarrhea to be rehydrated by nasogastric drips (NGD) of oral rehydration solution (oralit). In this respect the criteria of a still palpable and countable pulse, the absence of meteorism and absence of complication, the reverse warranting iv fluid therapy, can be used as practical guidelines to identify the patient "without shock". A clinical trial comparing the result of NGD oralit rehydration therapy to that of intravenous Ringer-lactate on small children with diarrhea and severe dehydration was conducted. Seventy jive patients admitted to the Department of Child Health Palembang General Hospital from January up to July 1986, aged 1 to 59 months, suffering from acute diarrhea with severe dehydration fulfilled to above mentioned criteria. Randomly 36 were assigned to NGD rehydration therapy using WHO standard ORS (in Indonesia is named as oralit) and 39 were rehydrated with iv Ringer lactate solution, given in four hours consisting of 40ml/kg BW, 30ml/kg BW, 20 ml/kg BW and 20ml/kg BW in the first, second, third and fourth hours respectively. Based on the failure rate of rehydration in the first four hours, the recurrence of dehydration after rehydration and the side effects of fluid therapy, it was concluded that acute diarrhea cases with severe dehydration who fulfilled the above mentioned criteria can be rehydrated by NGD oralit as effective and safe as by iv Ringer lactate.

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Dhingra, Dhulika, Aashima Dabas, Tanu Anand, and Ramya Pinnamaneni. "Maternal knowledge, attitude and practices during childhood diarrhoea." Tropical Doctor 48, no. 4 (July 17, 2018): 298–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049475518787425.

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Diarrhoea and pneumonia account for most deaths in children aged < 5 years. However, most diarrhoeal deaths are preventable with appropriate hygienic measures and timely initiation of rehydration therapy. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 280 mothers with children aged 2–59 months with acute watery diarrhoea at a tertiary hospital. One-fifth of respondents were illiterate and only one-third of mothers pre-treated water to make it drinkable. Mean knowledge scores for hand washing, diarrhoea prevention and complications of diarrhoea were poor, though higher in educated mothers ( P < 0.05). Scores were similar for the first episode or repeat episodes of diarrhoea. Only 50.4% and 55.2% mothers knew the correct method of Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) preparation and administration, respectively. Lack of adequate maternal knowledge and practices concerning childhood diarrhoea highlights the need for patient counselling and education, especially among the illiterate in India.

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Fang-Qiang, Zhou. "Pyruvate Research and Clinical Application Outlooks A Revolutionary Medical Advance." International Journal of Nutrition 5, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-20-3159.

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Pyruvate holds superior biomedical properties in increase of hypoxia tolerance, correction of severe acidosis, exertion of anti-oxidative stress and protection of mitochondria against apoptosis, so that it improves multi-organ function in various pathogenic insults. Particularly, pyruvate preserves key enzyme: pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity through direct inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinas (PDK), as a PDH activator, in hypoxia. Therefore, pyruvate is robustly beneficial for cell/organ function over citrate, acetate, lactate, bicarbonate and chloride as anions in current medical fluids. Pyruvate-enriched oral rehydration salt/solution (Pyr-ORS) and pyruvate-based intravenous (IV) fluids would be more beneficial than WHO-ORS and current IV fluids in both crystalloids and colloids, respectively. Pyruvate-containing fluids as the new generation would be not only a volume expander, but also a therapeutic agent simultaneously in fluid resuscitation in critical care patients. Pyruvate may be also beneficial in prevent and treatment of diabetes, aging and even cancer. Pyruvate clinical applications indicates a new revolutionary medical advance, following the WHO-ORS prevalence, this century.

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Maisrikrod, Aungsumal, Siwat Sakdejayont, Jakkapan Rongmuang, Chirawadee Sathitruangsak, Patrapim Sunpaweravong, and Arunee Dechaphunkul. "Prevention of cisplatin nephrotoxicity (CN) in head and neck cancer patients receiving concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) by adding oral rehydration solution (ORS) to short hydration regimen: A randomized open-label controlled trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e18560-e18560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e18560.

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e18560 Background: CN remains a frequent occurrence despite receiving standard fluid hydration, particularly for head and neck cancer patients undergoing CCRT. We aimed to investigate whether adding ORS to short hydration regimen can reduce CN. Methods: We conducted a randomized open-label controlled trial in patients with head and neck cancer receiving CCRT with 3-weekly cisplatin (≥ 60 mg/m²). Eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive short hydration regimen (2000 mL of normal saline on day 1) alone or in combination with 2000 mL of ORS on days -1, 2 and 3 of each cycle. All patients were instructed to drink at least 2000 mL of fluid. The primary end point was the incidence of ≥ gr 1 creatinine (Cr) elevation on day 8. The planned sample size was 160 (80 patients each arm). Results: Thirty-five patients in ORS group and 34 patients in control group (43% of planned sample size) were enrolled. Baseline characteristics were balanced between the two groups, except more patients in ORS group underwent surgery (35.3% vs. 22.9%), and had less feeding tube prophylaxis (76.5% vs. 88.6%), although there were not statistically significant. The mean dose of cisplatin on day 1 was significantly higher in ORS group (91.2 mg/m2 vs. 85.1 mg/m2, p=0.01). There was no difference of volume of total fluid intake and toxicities between the two groups. Less percentage of patients in ORS group developed ≥ gr 1 Cr elevation as shown in the Table, although there were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Although our interim analysis showed no significant difference of CN between the groups, there was a trend that addition of ORS might prevent acute and chronic kidney injury secondary to cisplatin. The completed enrollment is warranted to confirm this early findings. Clinical trial information: TCTR20200207005 . [Table: see text]

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Lopez Cermeño, R., I. Ortuño Diaz, I. Vasallo Morillas, J. F. Haro Vicente, and L. M. Sanchez Siles. "PP381 LONG TERM STABILITY OF A READY TO DRINK ORAL REHYDRATION SOLUTION (RTD-ORS) FOR THE TREATMENT OF DEHYDRATION." Clinical Nutrition Supplements 5, no. 2 (January 2010): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1744-1161(10)70456-7.

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BHAN, M. K., S. SAZAWAL, S. BHATNAGAR, N. BHANDARI, D. K. GUHA, and S. K. AGGARWAL. "Glycine, Glycyl–Glycine and Maltodextrin Based Oral Rehydration Solution Assessment of Efficacy and Safety in Comparison to Standard ORS." Acta Paediatrica 79, no. 5 (May 1990): 518–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1990.tb11506.x.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Oral Rehydration Salts or Solution (ORS)'

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