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Journal articles on the topic 'Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Imdad, Aamer, and Uzma Rani. "Oral Rehydration Salt Solutions for Children: A Review." Pediatrics in Review 46, no. 7 (2025): 355–65. https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2024-006404.

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Abstract Dehydration continues to be a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in children globally. Oral rehydration salts (ORS) solutions can successfully treat mild to moderate dehydration. However, the uptake of this simple and cost-effective intervention remains low in both high-income and low-to-mid-income countries. The low-osmolality ORS solution recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) contains an appropriate balance of electrolytes and glucose that helps effectively absorb water and electrolytes, irrespective of the cause of gastroenteritis. ORS solution can be adminis

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Obijuru, L. D., O. O. Oyetunde, and P. U. Ogbo. "Exploration of Barriers to the Recommendation of Oral Rehydration Salts and Zinc Tablets for Acute Diarrhoea by Patent Medicine Vendors in Lagos State, Nigeria." Journal of Basic and Social Pharmacy Research 1, no. 3 (2020): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52968/27451712.

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Background: Diarrhoea has remained a global burden and leading cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children especially in low and middle-income countries in spite of availability of oral rehydration salts and zinc tablets (ORS/Zn,), which are the proven and recommended treatments. This persistent global burden indicates possible barriers in the prescription, recommendation or use of ORS/Zn among stakeholders. Objective: This study explored the factors that act as barriers to the recommendation of ORS/Zn in the management of childhood acute watery diarrhoea (AWD) by Patent and Pro

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Erik Halder, Charls, Niranta Kumar Das, Sumaya Tasnim, et al. "Electrolyte imbalance in infants with diarrhea worsened by improper dilution of oral rehydration salt (ORS): Case reports from primary healthcare setting in Rohingya refugee camp." International Journal of Case Reports and Images 16, no. 2 (2025): 14–19. https://doi.org/10.5348/101515z01ch2025cs.

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Healthcare workers often miss to properly communicate on the proper way of oral rehydration salt (ORS) preparation, especially, regarding the volume of water to be mixed to get appropriate concentration of solution. Severe complications, like electrolyte imbalance and acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, can happen if prepackaged ORS is dissolved in a smaller amount of water than the recommended amount. We presented here case reports of two infants from the Rohingya refugee camps with the diagnosis of acute watery diarrhea with dehydration and hypernatremia, potentially worsened by excessive

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Muhande, Irene K., Job Mapesa, and Benard Ouna. "Evaluation of the determinants of uptake of oral rehydration salts with zinc in the management of childhood diarrhea in Kakamega County." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 11, no. 10 (2024): 3758–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20242851.

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Background: Diarrhea remains a significant public health concern, contributing to high child mortality, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Approximately 1.5 million cases of childhood diarrhea are reported annually in Kenya, with a prevalence of 16%. Despite the availability of affordable interventions like oral rehydration salts (ORS) and zinc supplementation, their utilization remains suboptimal in Kakamega County, where child mortality is 45 per 1,000. The combined impact of ORS and zinc in reducing childhood diarrhea and its consequences has not been adequately studied in K

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Halli, Shiva S., Rajeshwari A. Biradar, and Jang B. Prasad. "Oral rehydration therapy and Zinc treatment among diarrhoeal children in India: Exploration from latest cross-sectional National Family Health Survey." PLOS ONE 19, no. 10 (2024): e0307657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0307657.

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Background and aims Diarrhoea is one of the deadliest diseases and causing death among children in India, but no systematic attempt is made to understand it especially its control using oral rehydration salts (ORS). It is well known that use of ORS and Zinc have been effective in containing diarrhoea among children. An attempt is made using large scale national data set in India to understand use of ORS and Zinc to control diarrhoea and their associated factors among diarrhoeal children under five in India. Methods Publicly available most recent cross-sectional National Family Health Survey da

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El‐Mougi, M., N. El‐Akkad, A. Hendawi, et al. "Is a Low‐Osmolarity ORS Solution More Efficacious Than Standard WHO ORS Solution?" Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 19, no. 1 (1994): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1994.tb11245.x.

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SummaryThe clinical efficacy of a diluted oral rehydration salts (ORS) solution was compared in a pilot study with that of intravenous (i.v.) therapy and of standard World Health Organization (WHO)/United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF) ORS solution in children with acute diarrhea. Sixty‐one boys aged 3 to 24 months, admitted to hospital with acute diarrhea and signs of dehydration, were randomly assigned to groups receiving standard ORS solution, diluted ORS solution, or i.v. therapy. In children treated with standard ORS solution and small amounts of plain water, the total fluid intake was 2

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Berry, Simon, Dario Domingo, Akufuna Ngenda, Jane Berry, and Rohit Ramchandani. "Impact of co-packaging oral rehydration salts and zinc on diarrhoea treatment dispensing behaviour in selected rural health facilities in Zambia." PLOS Global Public Health 5, no. 3 (2025): e0004342. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0004342.

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Co-packaged oral rehydration salts (ORS) and zinc for the treatment of childhood diarrhoea was added to the World Health Organization’s Essential Medicines List in 2019, to help address the persistently high mortality and morbidity associated with diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age and the low uptake of the recommended co-therapy. However, little empirical evidence exists on how co-packaging impacts dispensing practices in low-resource settings. Here, we present findings from a study conducted in Mongu District, Zambia, aimed at evaluating the effect of introducing a co-pack containing

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Siekmans, Kendra, Marion Roche, Jacqueline Kung’u, et al. "Trends and Opportunities in Zinc and Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS) for Diarrhea Treatment across Multi-country Formative Assessments." European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety 5, no. 5 (2015): 840–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2015/21118.

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Wagner, Zachary, Rushil Zutshi, John Bosco Asiimwe, and David Levine. "The cost-effectiveness of community health workers delivering free diarrhoea treatment: evidence from Uganda." Health Policy and Planning 37, no. 1 (2021): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czab120.

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Abstract Community health workers (CHWs) are a vital part of the health infrastructure in Uganda and in many other low- and middle-income countries. While the need for CHWs is clear, it is less clear how they should dispense health products to maximize the health benefits to their community. In this study, we assess the cost-effectiveness of several competing CHW distribution strategies in the context of treatment for child diarrhoea. We used data from a four-armed cluster-randomized controlled trial to assess the cost-effectiveness of (1) free distribution of oral rehydration salts (ORS) via

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Deichsel, Emily L., Adama Mamby Keita, Jennifer R. Verani, et al. "Management of Diarrhea in Young Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: Adherence to World Health Organization Recommendations During the Global Enteric Multisite Study (2007–2011) and the Vaccine Impact of Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) Study (2015–2018)." Clinical Infectious Diseases 76, Supplement_1 (2023): S23—S31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac926.

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Abstract Background Reducing diarrhea-related morbidity and mortality is a global priority, particularly in low-resource settings. We assessed adherence to diarrhea case management indicators in the Global Enteric Multisite Study (GEMS) and Vaccine Impact of Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) study. Methods GEMS (2007–2010) and VIDA (2015–2018) were age-stratified case-control studies of moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) in children aged &lt;5 years. In this case-only analysis, we included children enrolled in The Gambia, Kenya, and Mali. A case with no dehydration received adherent care at home if

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Dr.Munazza, Habib Dr.Muhammad Hamza Dr.Hibba Abid Ansari. "MOTHERS AWARENESS REGARDING CONCEPT AND MANAGEMENT OF DIARRHOEA IN CHILDREN OF GUJRAT." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 05, no. 11 (2018): 11298–301. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1477619.

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<strong><em>Objective: </em></strong><em>To assess the knowledge of mothers regarding diarrhoea and the management practices of pediatric diarrhoea.<strong>Study Design: </strong>The design of the study is descriptive and cross-sectional.<strong>Duration and Place: </strong>The study was conducted at THQ Gujrat from december 2016 to November 2017.<strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A Performa was prepared comprising of questions aiming to assess the knowledge of women who are mothers, regarding diarrhoea. A mother of a baby suffering from diarrhoea had been instructed by doctor and present

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Lebenthal, Emanuel, Khin-Maung-U, David D. K. Rolston, et al. "Thermophilic Amylase-Digested Rice-Electrolyte Solution in the Treatment of Acute Diarrhea in Children." Pediatrics 95, no. 2 (1995): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.95.2.198.

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Objective. To compare the efficacy of an oral rehydration solution (ORS) containing short polymers of glucose derived from rice (Amylyte-ORS) and five times the caloric density of current ORS to the standard glucose-ORS (World Health Organization [WHO] = ORS) in the treatment of acute diarrhea in children. Methods. The rice ORS (Amylyte-ORS) was obtained by adding thermophilic amylase (252 500 MW units) and salts (1.5 g NaCl, 600 mg KCl, and 150 mg CaCl2) to 100 g rice and boiling for 10 minutes in 500 mL water. This yields 250 mL Amylyte-ORS, which contains 92% to 96% short-chain glucose poly

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Eskander, Ayman E., Lobna S. Sherif, Mohammad Nabih, et al. "Serum Zinc Level and Its Correlation with Vesikari System Scoring in Acute Pediatric Diarrhea." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 5, no. 5 (2017): 677–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2017.097.

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BACKGROUND: Diarrhea remains the most common infectious disease worldwide. Zinc has been studied extensively recently for its potential effect on prevention, control and treatment of acute diarrhoea.AIM: This study was designed to correlate the level of zinc with the severity of pediatric diarrhoea estimated by Vesikari Scoring System.PATIENTS AND METHODS: The present study included 80 children aged two months to 30 months from those suffering from the acute diarrheal episode and admitted to Pediatric Hospital "Abo El Rish" Cairo University. Serum Zinc level was assessed by a colorimetric meth

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Ogbo, Patricia Uche, Bolajoko Ajoke Aina, and Rebecca Oritsemaje Soremekun. "Barriers to acute management of diarrhea in the home setting: An explorative study of under-five caregivers in southwestern Nigeria." American Journal of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2 (November 9, 2023): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ajpps_2023_018.

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Objectives: Diarrhea remains the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under 5 years of age. Persistent mortality and poor outcomes despite available treatments such as oral rehydration salts (ORS) and zinc tablets are indicators of possible barriers to home management among under-five caregivers. This study was designed to explore the potential barriers encountered by under-five caregivers in providing home management for acute diarrhea within the first 24 hours of recognition. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was conducted among under-five caregivers att

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Roche, Marion, Rosario Garcia, Ali MacLean, and Noel Solomons. "Designing Co-packaging for Zinc & Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS) to Influence Caregiver and Provider Behaviours for Treating Childhood Diarrhea in Guatemala." European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety 5, no. 5 (2015): 528–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2015/20947.

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Sultana, Dilruba, Be Nazir Ahmmad, Abul Kashem, et al. "Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Duration of Acute Watery Diarrhoea in Children aged Six Months to Five Years." TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association 36, no. 1 (2023): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/taj.v36i1.68315.

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Background: Diarrheal disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among young children under five years of age in developing countries. The longer duration of diarrhea increases the chance of morbidity and mortality. Zinc supplementation decreases the duration of diarrhea. It is a straightforward, acceptable, low-cost, and effective treatment that could easily be affordable in our country. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of zinc supplementation on the duration of acute watery diarrhea. Materials and Methods: A total of 106 subjects were included in

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Zaccheus, Opeyemi Oyewumi, Ngozi Anthonia Okafor, Juliet Ifeoluwa Adegoke, and Rafiat Anokwuru. "Effectiveness of WHO Combination Treatment Regimen in The Management of Diarrhoea Among Under-Five Children Attending Primary Health Care Centres in Oyo State, Nigeria." nternational Journal of Public Health Pharmacy and Pharmacology 8, no. 2 (2023): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijphpp.15/vol8n25465.

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Diarrhoea is one of the childhood diseases that result to high mortality. Despite the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation of the combination treatment regimen of oral rehydration salts (ORS) and zinc supplements for the management of this disease, it effectiveness in treating and preventing the reoccurrence of diarrhoea among the under-five children remains a serious concern. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of WHO combination treatment regimen in the management of diarrhoea amongst under-five children attending Primary Health Care (PHC) ce

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Chakrabarti, Manoj K., Kazi M. Haque, Manilal Chakrabarty, and Dilip Mahalanabis. "Effect of Reducing Sodium or Glucose Concentration in a Hypo-osmolar ORS (Oral Rehydration Salts) on Absorption Efficiency: Marker Perfusion Study in Rat Jejunum." Digestive Diseases and Sciences 50, no. 2 (2005): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10620-005-1589-x.

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Yadav, Sachin. "A Case Report Cholera Outbreak in Gaidataar: A Lesson for Further Strengthening the Task Force for Epidemic Management in Nepal." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 56, no. 207 (2017): 374–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.3284.

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Cholera is an acute enteric infection caused by the ingestion of bacterium Vibrio cholerae1. Cholera is transmitted through contaminated food and water. Prevention and preparedness of cholera require a coordinated multi-disciplinary approach. The extremely short incubation period enhances the potentially explosive pattern of outbreaks. Cholera can lead to severe dehydration and death if left untreated. The laboratory testing is required for antimicrobial sensitivity testing and for confirming the end of an outbreak. Provision of safe drinking water, proper sanitation, and food safety are criti

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Carrera Marcolin, Lydia, Jordi Cuñé Castellana, Laia Martí Melero, Carlos de Lecea, and Maria Tintoré Gazulla. "Synergistic Effect of Postbiotic Yeast ABB C22® on Gut Inflammation, Barrier Function, and Protection from Rotavirus Infection in In Vitro Models." Applied Microbiology 4, no. 2 (2024): 811–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol4020056.

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Diarrhoea is a serious cause of mortality worldwide that can lead to dehydration, gut barrier function impairment, nutrient malabsorption, and alterations of the gut microbiota (dysbiosis). The current solutions for its management, such as oral rehydration salts (ORS), inhibitors of gut motility, antibiotics, and living probiotics, only partially counteract the mechanisms of the disease and do not provide a full coverage of the problem. The potential risks of the use of living probiotic strains, particularly in immunocompromised patients, can be eliminated with the use of tyndallized (heat-kil

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SULEIMAN, KAFILAT, Ibrahim Kolo, Sani Sambo Datsugwai Mohammed, and Yahaya G. Magaji. "Bacterial diarrhea among infants in developing countries: An overview of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC)." Gadau Journal of Pure and Allied Sciences 1, no. 1 (2022): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.54117/gjpas.v1i1.10.

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Many cases of diarrhea are due to an infection in the gastrointestinal tract caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and parasites. This may be present alone or can be together with different symptoms, such as vomiting, abdominal pain, nausea and weight loss. There is an estimate of 2 billion cases of diarrhea disease globally that happens yearly. Also, approximately 1.9 million children globally below the age of 5 years die from diarrhea every year mostly in the developing countries making it the second leading cause of mortality in children of this age group. Recurring and regular

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Wiggins, Amanda, and Leopoldo Cancio. "590 Resuscitation with Enteral Fluids: A Prospective Observational Study to Reduce IV-related Edema (REFORM)." Journal of Burn Care & Research 46, Supplement_1 (2025): S172. https://doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraf019.219.

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Abstract Introduction Enteral resuscitation (ER) may be particularly useful in resource-limited areas and on the battlefield. The Resuscitation with Enteral Fluids: a prospective observational study to reduce IV-related edema (REFORM) aimed to evaluate ER in burn patients with &lt; 60% total body surface area (TBSA) burns. Methods This was a single-site, non-randomized, prospective observational study of ER in patients admitted to the burn ICU. The World Health Organization oral rehydration salts (ORS) were administered through a nasogastric or orogastric tube (NGT, OGT). Patients were exc

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Deichsel, Emily L., Helen Powell, Christopher Troeger, et al. "Drivers of Decline in Diarrhea Mortality Between GEMS and VIDA Studies." Clinical Infectious Diseases 76, Supplement_1 (2023): S58—S65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad015.

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Abstract Background Statistical modeling suggests that decreasing diarrhea-associated mortality rates in recent decades are largely attributed to improved case management, rotavirus vaccine, and economic development. Methods We examined data collected in 2 multisite population-based diarrhea case-control studies, both conducted in The Gambia, Kenya, and Mali: the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS; 2008–2011) and Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA; 2015–2018). Population-level diarrhea mortality and risk factor prevalence, estimated using these study data, were used to calculate th

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Suci Sulistyorini. "Edukasi Pemanfaatan Madu sebagai Terapi Pendukung untuk Mengatasi Diare pada Anak : Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Ibu melalui Intervensi Edukatif." Natural: Jurnal Pelaksanaan Pengabdian Bergerak bersama Masyarakat. 3, no. 3 (2025): 94–100. https://doi.org/10.61132/natural.v3i3.1626.

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Diarrhea remains a major health problem, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality rates in children, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. This disease is often linked to poor sanitation, lack of access to clean water, and a lack of public understanding of proper hygiene practices. Toddlers are the most vulnerable group to diarrhea because their immune systems are not yet fully developed. Current diarrhea management efforts rely heavily on providing oral rehydration salts (ORS) and, in some cases, the use of antibiotics. However, pharmacological approaches are not alw

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Kolekang, Augusta, Bismark Sarfo, Anthony Danso-Appiah, Duah Dwomoh, and Patricia Akweongo. "Contribution of child health interventions to under-five mortality decline in Ghana: A modeling study using lives saved and missed opportunity tools." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (2022): e0267776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267776.

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Background Increased coverage of interventions have been advocated to reduce under-five mortality. However, Ghana failed to achieve the Millennium Development Goal on child survival in 2015 despite improved coverage levels of some child health interventions. Therefore, there is the need to determine which interventions contributed the most to mortality reduction and those that can further rapidly reduce mortality to inform the prioritization of the scale-up of interventions. Materials and methods Deterministic mathematical modeling was done using Lives Saved and Missed Opportunity Tools. Secon

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Hu, Yanhong, Shanjuan Wang, Sunying Hua, Merlin Willcox, Michael Moore, and Paul Little. "Antibiotic Prescription Patterns for Acute Diarrhea in a Hospital in Shanghai in 2016: A Cross-sectional Study." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.770.

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Abstract Background Unnecessary antibiotic use increases the risk for antibiotic resistance. The rates of antibiotic use for upper respiratory infections are high in hospitals in China. Although most guidelines advise against the use of antibiotics for acute diarrhea, little is known about antibiotic use practices for acute diarrhea in China. Methods A retrospective prescription review from a Shanghai hospital outpatient electronic health records system was conducted from 1 January 2016 to 30 December 2016. Records were included for adult patients. The microbial resistance seasonal data in 201

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Nsimba, S. E. D. "Assessing the performance, practices and roles of drug sellers/dispensers and mothers'/guardians' behaviour for common childhood conditions in Kibaha district, Tanzania." Tropical Doctor 37, no. 4 (2007): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/004947507782333099.

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In most third world countries, self-medication is common and pharmacies, drug stores and drug shops are important providers of health advice and inexpensive medicines. We used exit interviews to assess drug sellers'/dispensers' roles and consumers' behaviour in Kibaha district, Coast region, Tanzania. Exit interviews with mothers/guardians reported the following childhood conditions treated with or without prescriptions at drug shops: respiratory infections (34%), fever (21%), a combination of diarrhoea, acute respiratory infection (ARI) and fever (14%), diarrhoea alone (13%) and other conditi

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Go, Jacob T., Rita G. Harper, Concepcion G. Sia, Saul Teichberg, and Raul A. Wapnir. "Oral Rehydration Solutions." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 19, no. 4 (1994): 410–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1994.tb11461.x.

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SummaryViscosity‐enhancing agents such as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) can alter absorption of solutes and fluid exchange in the small intestine. We investigated whether the standard World Health Organization oral rehydration solution (WHO‐ORS) with the addition of CMC would improve net water and sodium absorption in rats using an in vivo intestinal perfusion technique. Four WHO‐ORS, containing either 0, 2.5,5.0, or 10.0 g/L of CMC, were perfused in rats with a well‐tested model of cathartic‐induced chronic osmotic diarrhea (D) and in normal controls (C). In D rats, the ORSs with CMC improved

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Sazawal, S., S. Bhatnagar, M. K. Bhan, et al. "Alanine‐Based Oral Rehydration Solution." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 12, no. 4 (1991): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1991.tb10272.x.

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SummaryThis randomized, double‐blind trial determined whether adding 90 mmol/L of alanine with a reduction in glucose to 90 mmol/L (alanine ORS) improves the efficacy of the standard oral rehydration solution (WHO‐ORS). One hundred twenty‐nine males aged 3–48 months with weight for length ≥70% of NCHS, diarrheal duration ≤96 h, and clinical signs of mild to moderate dehydration were randomly allocated to either treatment group. During 0–6 h of treatment, ORS was offered at 120 ml/kg for rehydration without food or water. Beyond 6 h, ORS was offered as a volume‐to‐volume replacement for stool l

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Zvigule-Neidere, Gunda, Arta Barzdina, Gunta Laizane, Inese Sviestina, and Karlis Agris Gross. "Preliminary Results on the Use of Oral Rehydration Fluid in the Form of Gelato for Rehydration of Patients at the Children’s Clinical University Hospital’s Emergency and Infectiology Units." Key Engineering Materials 800 (April 2019): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.800.65.

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Oral rehydration fluids (ORS) are used to reverse dehydration that, in case of children, mostly is due to acute gastroenteritis. The key of successful dehydration treatment is to replenish the lost water and electrolytes. This is best done by consuming oral rehydration solution, containing both salt and sugar. ORS enhances ﬂuid absorption because sodium and glucose transport in the small intestine are coupled, and glucose promotes absorption of both sodium ions and water. Studies show that children refuse ORS due to its salty-sweet taste and unpalatability. To improve oral rehydration therapy,

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Sundari, Thermiany Anggri, Soetjiningsih Soetjiningsih, Sri Supar Yati Soenarto, and I. P. G. Karyana. "Efficacy of reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution, rice ... based oral rehydration solution, and standard WHO oral rehydration solution in children with acute diarrhea - a randomized open trial." Paediatrica Indonesiana 49, no. 3 (2009): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi49.3.2009.169-76.

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Background The composition of the WHO's standard oral rehydration solution (ORS) is similar to that of choleric stool. Currently, there are questions about whether the composition is acceptable for treating dehydration caused by diarrhea. Efforts are being made to try and improve the WHO ORS, e.g., to decrease the solution osmolarity to avoid hypertonic side effects.lt is acknowledged that if glucose is used in ORS, the sodium will go through enterocytes and glucose will tum into an absolute substance for the formula. Glucose is less affordable and not widely produced in developing countries,

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Maulen‐Radovan, Irene, Pedro Gutierrez‐Castrellón, Mohamed Hashem, et al. "Safety and Efficacy of a Premixed, Rice‐Based Oral Rehydration Solution." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 38, no. 2 (2004): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.2004.tb12135.x.

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ABSTRACTThe authors compared the safety and efficacy of a ready‐to‐use, premixed, rice‐based oral rehydration solution (R‐ORS) with a glucose‐based oral rehydration solution (G‐ORS), each containing 75 mmol/L sodium, in Mexican children with acute diarrhea for less than 5 days.MethodsOne hundred eighty‐nine boys 3 to 24 months old admitted to the hospital with acute diarrhea and signs of dehydration were randomly assigned to receive either G‐ORS or R‐ORS. Intake and output were measured every 3 hours.ResultsIn the group treated with R‐ORS, significantly fewer patients required supplemental int

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Houston, Kirsty A., Jack G. Gibb, and Kathryn Maitland. "Oral rehydration of malnourished children with diarrhoea and dehydration: A systematic review." Wellcome Open Research 2 (August 18, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12357.1.

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Background: Diarrhoea complicates over half of admissions to hospital with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for the management of dehydration recommend the use of oral rehydration with ReSoMal (an oral rehydration solution (ORS) for SAM), which has lower sodium (45mmols/l) and higher potassium (20mmols/l) content than standard ORS. The composition of ReSoMal was designed specifically to address theoretical risks of sodium overload and potential under-treatment of severe hypokalaemia with rehydration using standard ORS. In African children, severe hypo

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Houston, Kirsty A., Jack G. Gibb, and Kathryn Maitland. "Oral rehydration of malnourished children with diarrhoea and dehydration: A systematic review." Wellcome Open Research 2 (September 28, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12357.2.

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Background: Diarrhoea complicates over half of admissions to hospital with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for the management of dehydration recommend the use of oral rehydration with ReSoMal (an oral rehydration solution (ORS) for SAM), which has lower sodium (45mmols/l) and higher potassium (40mmols/l) content than old WHO ORS. The composition of ReSoMal was designed specifically to address theoretical risks of sodium overload and potential under-treatment of severe hypokalaemia with rehydration using standard ORS. In African children, severe hypon

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Houston, Kirsty A., Jack G. Gibb, and Kathryn Maitland. "Oral rehydration of malnourished children with diarrhoea and dehydration: A systematic review." Wellcome Open Research 2 (October 27, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12357.3.

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Background: Diarrhoea complicates over half of admissions to hospital with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for the management of dehydration recommend the use of oral rehydration with ReSoMal (an oral rehydration solution (ORS) for SAM), which has lower sodium (45mmols/l) and higher potassium (40mmols/l) content than old WHO ORS. The composition of ReSoMal was designed specifically to address theoretical risks of sodium overload and potential under-treatment of severe hypokalaemia with rehydration using standard ORS. In African children, severe hypon

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te Loo, D. Maroeska, Fedde van der Graaf, and Walther Tjon A. Ten. "The Effect of Flavoring Oral Rehydration Solution on its Composition and Palatability." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 39, no. 5 (2004): 545–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.2004.tb00906.x.

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ABSTRACTObjective:As a number of mild to moderately dehydrated children refuse to drink oral rehydration solution (ORS) because of its strong salty taste, many parents and health workers flavor ORS with the childs favorite juice. The effects of flavoring ORS on electrolyte content and osmolality were assessed and the palatability of various solutions were compared with commercially flavored ORS.Methods:Osmolality, sodium, potassium, chloride and glucose content after flavoring with varying concentrations of apple juice, orange juice or orangeade was determined. Two of the solutions were offere

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Cohen, Mitchell B., Adam G. Mezoff, D. Wayne Laney, et al. "Use of a Single Solution for Oral Rehydration and Maintenance Therapy of Infants With Diarrhea and Mild to Moderate Dehydration." Pediatrics 95, no. 5 (1995): 639–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.95.5.639.

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Objective. To compare the efficacy of two commonly used solutions in the rehydration of infants with mild to moderate dehydration caused by acute diarrhea in the United States. Design and setting. Double-blind, parallel-group, randomized study performed at Children's Hospital Medical Center. Patients. Sixty infant boys (≤2 years old), with mild (≤5%) or moderate (6 to 9%) dehydration caused by acute diarrhea of less than 1 week's duration were included in the study. Interventions. Infants were randomly assigned to receive treatment with either a glucose-based oral rehydration solution (ORS) (P

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Barclay, Denis V., Joaquina Gil‐Ramos, José O. Mora, and Henri Dirren. "A Packaged Rice‐Based Oral Rehydration Solution for Acute Diarrhea." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 20, no. 4 (1995): 408–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1995.tb11580.x.

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Summary: In a 12‐month community study in Ecuadorian preschool children, we compared a packaged rice‐based oral rehydration solution (R‐ORS) that contained 160 g of rice flour and 12 g of sucrose per liter as well as electrolytes and α‐amylase, and required cooking before consumption, to the standard glucose‐electrolyte oral rehydration solution (G‐ORS) for the treatment of acute non‐cholera diarrhea. The reconstituted R‐ORS had energy and protein contents of 620 kcal/L and 12g/L, respectively, and an osmolarity of 230 mosm/L. In all, 156 cases were treated with the R‐ORS and 144 with the stan

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Isolauri, Erika, and Timo Vesikari. "Oral Rehydration, Rapid Feeding, and Cholestyramine for Treatment of Acute Diarrhea." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 4, no. 3 (1985): 366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1985.tb08864.x.

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Different combinations of fluid therapy, feeding regimen, and cholestyramine were compared in search for optimal treatment of infants hospitalized for acute diarrhea. The infants (n = 81) received either rapid oral rehydration using the oral rehydration solution‐World Health Organization formula (sodium 90 mmol/L, ORS‐WHO) or traditional oral fluid replacement using a commercial glucose‐electrolyte solution (sodium 35 mmol/L). One‐half of the infants in both groups received full feedings at 24 h of hospitalization; in the remaining infants, feedings were gradually introduced over a period of 5

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Ly, Nhu Q., Karrie L. Hamstra-Wright, and Craig A. Horswill. "Post-Exercise Rehydration in Athletes: Effects of Sodium and Carbohydrate in Commercial Hydration Beverages." Nutrients 15, no. 22 (2023): 4759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15224759.

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The effects of varying sodium (Na) and carbohydrate (CHO) in oral rehydration solutions (ORS) and sports drinks (SD) for rehydration following exercise are unclear. We compared an ORS and SD for the percent of fluid retained (%FR) following exercise-induced dehydration and hypothesized a more complete rehydration for the ORS (45 mmol Na/L and 2.5% CHO) and that the %FR for the ORS and SD (18 mmol Na/L and 6% CHO) would exceed the water placebo (W). A placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted. To induce 2.6% body mass loss (BML, p > 0.05 between treatments), 2

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Pizarro, Daniel, Gloria Posada, Dilip Mahalanabis, and Leyla Sandi. "Comparison of Efficacy of a Glucose/Glycine/Glycylglycine Electrolyte Solution Versus the Standard WHO/ORS in Diarrheic Dehydrated Children." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 7, no. 6 (1988): 882–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1988.tb09660.x.

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SummaryIt was hypothesized that a mixture of glucose and amino acids enhances sodium and water absorption and therefore diminishes the volume of oral rehydration solution, stool output, and duration of diarrhea. To investigate this hypothesis, the efficacies of two oral rehydration solutions (ORS) were compared, one containing (mmol/L): Na+ 90, K+ 20, Cl+80, citrate 10, glucose 67, glycine 53, and glycylglycine 30, yielding an osmolality of 350 mosmol/kg H2O, and the other, the standard ORS recommended by the World Health Organization, containing the same electrolyte concentration and only glu

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Szajewska, Hanna, J. Hans Hoekstra, and Bhupinder Sandhu. "Management of Acute Gastroenteritis in Europe and the Impact of the New Recommendations: A Multicenter Study." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 30, no. 5 (2000): 522–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.2000.tb02787.x.

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ABSTRACTBackgroundThe European Society for Paediatric Gasteroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) issued two sets of recommendations for the treatment of infants with acute gastroenteritis (1992, 1997). The purpose of this multicentre study performed in 29 European countries was to determine how closely current treatment compares with the ESPGHAN recommendations.MethodsThe outline of the study was based on a questionnaire that addressed the management of a 6‐month‐old infant with acute gastroenteritis complicated by mild to moderate dehydration. National coordinators circulated the q

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Olupot-Olupot, Peter, Florence Aloroker, Ayub Mpoya, et al. "Gastroenteritis Rehydration Of children with Severe Acute Malnutrition (GASTROSAM): A Phase II Randomised Controlled trial: Trial Protocol." Wellcome Open Research 6 (June 23, 2021): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16885.1.

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Background: Children hospitalised with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) are frequently complicated (>50%) by diarrhoea (≥3 watery stools/day) which is accompanied by poor outcomes. Rehydration guidelines for SAM are exceptionally conservative and controversial, based upon expert opinion. The guidelines only permit use of intravenous fluids for cases with advanced shock and exclusive use of low sodium intravenous and oral rehydration solutions (ORS) for fear of fluid and/or sodium overload. Children managed in accordance to these guidelines have a very high mortality. The proposed GASTROSAM t

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Bentley, Margaret, and Elizabeth Herman. "To Improve the Household Management of Diarrhea." Practicing Anthropology 18, no. 3 (1996): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.18.3.q560w848241856hx.

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Diarrheal disease is one of the leading causes of infant and child morbidity and mortality worldwide. Developed in the 1960s, oral rehydration salt solutions (ORS) were a major technological advance, offering a practical alternative to intravenous therapy for treatment of dehydration. Subsequently, ORS in prepacked sachets (or various home prepared solutions, such as sugar-salt solution or cereal-based solutions) have been promoted worldwide for home and clinic treatment of diarrhea. Yet early efforts to promote ORS, often through sophisticated social marketing and mass media programs, showed

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Faruqui, Arif A. "Dehydration: Need For an Improved Rehydrating Energy Drink." Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia 4, no. 4 (2023): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jikesi.v4i4.1151.

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Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is the cornerstone treatment for managing dehydration. However, ORT cannot “halt” the underlying intestinal fluid loss, a significant mechanism of infectious organisms responsible for causing diarrhea. Reports have demonstrated the role of calcium in treating contagious diarrhea through the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), which is absent in oral rehydration solution (ORS). CaSR is a novel target that has demonstrated its effectiveness in treating diarrhea. CaSR is activated by a simple calcium agonist, an easily accessible, inexpensive, and safe-to-use option in

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Hoekstra, J. H., H. Szajewska, M. Abu Zikri, et al. "Oral Rehydration Solution Containing a Mixture of Non‐Digestible Carbohydrates in the Treatment of Acute Diarrhea: A Multicenter Randomized Placebo Controlled Study on Behalf of the ESPGHAN Working Group on Intestinal Infections." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 39, no. 3 (2004): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.2004.tb00836.x.

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ABSTRACTObjective:A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled multicenter study to evaluate efficacy and safety of a mixture of non‐digestible carbohydrates (NDC) as an adjunct to oral rehydration therapy in treatment of acute infectious diarrhea in children with mild to moderate dehydration.Methods:144 boys aged 1 to 36 months with diarrhea defined as three or more watery stools per day for >1 day but <5 days with mild or moderate dehydration (World Health Organization criteria) were randomly assigned to receive hypotonic oral rehydration solution (ORS) (Na 60 mmol/L, glucose 111 mmo

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Suryanto, Muhammad, Renny Hariati, Yati Soenarto, and Moenginah P. A. "Comparison between 200 ml and 1 liter packages of oral rehydration solution prepared by mothers of patients with diarrhea in the oral rehydration room." Paediatrica Indonesiana 28, no. 11-12 (2019): 231–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi28.11-12.1988.231-7.

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To have a comparison between the preparation of oral rehydration solution (ORS) of 200 ml and 1 liter packages, a study had been done in 30 mothers of children under five years of age suffering from diarrhea who treated their children in oral rehydration room (group I) and 30 mothers of non diarrheal children under five years sampled in the out-patient Department of Child Health, Dr. Sardjito General Hospital (group II). No significant difference was found (p <0.05) concerning the sodium concentration in th ORS of 200 ml and in the 1 liter package (group I: 85.95 ± 16.07, and 81.52 ±

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Kauna, Rhondi, Kone Sobi, Wendy Pameh, John D. Vince, and Trevor Duke. "Oral Rehydration in Children with Acute Diarrhoea and Moderate Dehydration—Effectiveness of an ORS Tolerance Test." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 65, no. 6 (2019): 583–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmz017.

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Abstract Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is the mainstay of treatment of acute watery diarrhoea, but it is underutilized in many hospitals, resulting in children with moderate degrees of dehydration being unnecessarily hospitalized and receiving intravenous fluids. We aimed to assess the utility of an ORS tolerance test on initial presentation to an emergency department, and determine the volume of ORS a child with diarrhoea and moderate dehydration needed to tolerate to be successfully managed at home. One hundred and twenty-nine children with acute watery diarrhoea and moderate dehydration w

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Cohen, Mitchell B. "Letters to the Editor." Pediatrics 96, no. 2 (1995): 377–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.96.2.377d.

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Dr Lallier writes that the taste of oral rehydration solutions (ORS) is an impediment to their use. I concur that ORS commonly in use in the United States are not tasty to my palate either. Exceptions are the CeraLyte rice-based oral electrolyte solutions (Cera Products, Columbia, MD), which are not readily available and have not yet been adequately studied in children. Some advocate the addition of powders or flavored sugarless solutions to enhance the palatability of ORS.

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Olupot-Olupot, Peter, Florence Aloroker, Ayub Mpoya, et al. "Gastroenteritis Rehydration Of children with Severe Acute Malnutrition (GASTROSAM): A Phase II Randomised Controlled trial: Trial Protocol." Wellcome Open Research 6 (January 16, 2024): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16885.2.

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Background Children hospitalised with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) are frequently complicated (>50%) by diarrhoea ( ≥3 watery stools/day) which is accompanied by poor outcomes. Rehydration guidelines for SAM are exceptionally conservative and controversial, based upon expert opinion. The guidelines only permit use of intravenous fluids for cases with advanced shock and exclusive use of low sodium intravenous and oral rehydration solutions (ORS) for fear of fluid and/or sodium overload. Children managed in accordance to these guidelines have a very high mortality. The proposed GASTROSAM t

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