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Journal articles on the topic 'Oral rehydration therapy (ORT)'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Suh, Jin-Soon, Won-Ho Hahn, and Byoung-Soo Cho. "Recent Advances of Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT)." Electrolytes & Blood Pressure 8, no. 2 (2010): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5049/ebp.2010.8.2.82.

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2

LaPook, Jonathan, and Richard N. Fedorak. "Oral Rehydration Therapy: WHO at 40, ORT at 30." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 3, no. 1 (1989): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1989/138105.

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Oral rehydration therapy may prove to be mankind's most significant therapeutic advance this century. Diarrheal disease remains the number one killer of children in the world and is a major cause of illness within Canada and other developed countries. Since its discovery 30 years ago, oral rehydration therapy, comprising glucose, salt and water, has been a simple and low cost treatment for people with life threatening diarrheal disease. Recent developments in solutions for oral rehydration therapy have led to the recognition chat the existing World Health Organization glucose based oral replacement salt could be improved. ln commercially available rehydration solutions, the sodium concentration has been lowered to reduce hypernatremia in noncholera induced diarrhea. Citrate has replaced bicarbonate as the base in oral replacement solutions to pro long shelf life. Organic substrates to replace glucose and enhance intestinal fluid and electrolyte absorption without osmotic penalty are being examined. However, their acceptance and proper utilization in developing countries remains to be determined.
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3

Cash, Richard A. "Using Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) in the Community." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 6, no. 2 (May 29, 2021): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6020092.

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For ORT to have a maximum impact on public health it should be used in the community, in the home. A number of programs have been developed over the years to extend ORT to home use. One of the most successful approaches was the Oral Therapy Education Program (OTEP) developed by BRAC, the world’s largest NGO. Mothers were taught in the home by an OTEP worker using seven simple messages and a demonstration. The program, which led to high levels of use and knowledge retention, is described. What the OTEP and other successful home-based programs have demonstrated is that home care of diarrhea using ORS can be effectively implemented and can have a positive impact on the reduction of diarrhea morbidity and mortality.
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Maduemem, Kene E., Muhammad Rizwan, Nnaemeka Akubue, and Ioana D. Maris. "Perceptions and practices of oral rehydration therapy among caregivers in Cork, Ireland." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 10 (September 22, 2017): 3536. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20174216.

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Background: The use of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) remains limited despite international guidelines for diarrhoeal disease management. This study was done to assess the perception and practice of ORT among caregivers in the management of diarrhoeal disease. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Paediatric Department of Cork University Hospital, Ireland. The study population consisted of parents/guardians of children attending the Paediatric Day Ward or Paediatric Outpatient Department. A questionnaire consisting of 30 questions was originally designed by the first author to include all the study variables, and was given to the participants. Results: Out of 402 respondents, 76.6% (n=308) could describe diarrhoea correctly and perceived it as a serious illness. 81.3% (n=327) of participants knew about ORT but only 27.2% (n=89) agreed it was an ideal first line of management of diarrhoeal disease. Diarrhoeal episodes in the preceding 12 months were reported predominantly in children under the age of 5 years (p<0.001). Only 8.7% (n=17) of caregivers used ORT for diarrhoeal management. Conclusions: Poor uptake of ORT appears to be due to caregivers’ negative perceptions of ORT. This emphasizes the need for correct and adequate education.
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Nalin, David. "Issues and Controversies in the Evolution of Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT)." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 6, no. 1 (March 12, 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6010034.

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The original studies demonstrating the efficacy of oral glucose-electrolytes solutions in reducing or eliminating the need for intravenous therapy to correct dehydration caused by acute watery diarrheas (AWD) were focused chiefly on cholera patients. Later research adapted the oral therapy (ORT) methodology for treatment of non-cholera AWDs including for pediatric patients. These adaptations included the 2:1 regimen using 2 parts of the original WHO oral rehydration solution (ORS) formulation followed by 1 part additional plain water, and a “low sodium” packet formulation with similar average electrolyte and glucose concentrations when dissolved in the recommended volume of water. The programmatic desire for a single ORS packet formulation has led to controversy over use of the “low sodium” formulations to treat cholera patients. This is the subject of the current review, with the conclusion that use of the low-sodium ORS to treat cholera patients leads to negative sodium balance, leading to hyponatremia and, in severe cases, particularly in pediatric cholera, to seizures and other complications of sodium depletion. Therefore it is recommended that two separate ORS packet formulations be used, one for cholera therapy and the other for non-cholera pediatric AWD.
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6

de Balcazar, Yolanda Suarez, and Fabricio E. Balcazar. "Child Survival in the Third World: A Functional Analysis of Oral Rehydration Therapy Dissemination Campaigns." Behaviour Change 8, no. 1 (March 1991): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900006884.

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About 4 million children die every year as a result of dehydration caused by acute diarrhoea. Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is designed to prevent dehydration. In the past 10 years, several campaigns have been conducted throughout the world, mostly sponsored by the World Health Organization, to disseminate ORT, particularly in developing countries. This paper presents a review of 14 ORT campaigns categorising their components according to whether the researchers used antecedents, behaviours, and/or consequences. Only three campaigns manipulated all three components. Antecedent events were manipulated in all of the studies. A skills training component appears to influence the effectiveness of the campaign, since several new behaviours and complex discriminations need to be learned for people to use ORT correctly. The benefits of functionally analysing the components of current ORT campaigns are highlighted.
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7

Ezeonwu, Bertilla U., Ayodeji Ayodele, Obinna C. Ajaegbu, Nkemjika E. Mbagwu, Odiri Ovemeso, and Angela A. Okolo. "Is knowledge and practice of oral rehydration therapy suboptimal? Assessment at Federal Medical Center, Asaba, South-South Nigeria." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 8 (July 22, 2017): 2658. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20173309.

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Background: Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is a core component of the childhood survival strategies to reduce child mortality and morbidity due to diarrhoeal disease with its fatal dehydrating complication of acute kidney injury. This strategy is indispensable to the attainment of the International Society of Nephrology’s (ISN) aim to eliminate preventable deaths from acute kidney injury (AKI) by year 2025. Diarrheal disease is the second most common cause of morbidity and mortality in children at our centre. This interventional study assessed the knowledge and the practice of ORT among caregivers, educated and trained them on the management of diarrhoeal diseases and practice of ORT. Oral rehydration salt (ORS) and zinc tablets were also distributed. Methods: An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used following informed consent. Consented care givers of wards attendees of FMC Asaba were assessed on their knowledge and their practice of ORT, educated on childhood diarrheal diseases, trained on practice of ORT and had ORS and zinc tablets distributed to them. These assessments were done on the spot and 6 weeks after the health talk, from July 2015 to December 2015. Results: There were 266 respondents and 231 were mothers. The immediate impact of the health talk on the knowledge and the practice of ORT was laudable, p≤0.0001 and educational attainment of the respondent influenced the immediate post health talk knowledge of ORT, p=0.009. The age of the respondent predicted the long term impact of health talk on practice of ORT, p=0.020. Conclusions: Knowledge and practice of ORT are not optimal but can be improved by regular education.
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Gancz, Hanan, Orly Niderman-Meyer, Meir Broza, Yechezkel Kashi, and Eyal Shimoni. "Adhesion of Vibrio cholerae to Granular Starches." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 8 (August 2005): 4850–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.8.4850-4855.2005.

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ABSTRACT Cholera is a severe diarrheal disease caused by specific serogroups of Vibrio cholerae that are pathogenic to humans. Cholera can become epidemic and deadly without adequate medical care. Appropriate rehydration therapy can reduce the mortality rate from as much as 50% of the affected individuals to <1%. Thus, oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is an important measure in the treatment of this disease. To further reduce the symptoms associated with cholera, improvements in oral rehydration solution (ORS) by starch incorporation were suggested. Here, we report that V. cholerae adheres to starch granules incorporated in ORS. Adhesion of 98% of the cells was observed within 2 min when cornstarch granules were used. Other starches showed varied adhesion rates, indicating that starch source and composition play an important role in the interaction of V. cholerae and starch granules. Sugars metabolized by V. cholerae showed a repressive effect on the adhesion process. The possible mechanisms involved are discussed. Comparing V. cholerae adhesion with the adhesion of other pathogens suggests the involvement of starch degradation capabilities. This adhesion to granular starch can be used to improve ORT.
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Elder, John P., Maria Eugenia Pradesaba, Olga Polanco Pineda, Kjell I. Enge, Judith A. Graeff, Diane Urban, and Jose Romero. "A Behavior Analysis of the Promotion of Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) in Guatemala." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 9, no. 2 (July 1988): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/rher-4e37-6fhl-jfp4.

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The present report presents the results and preliminary recommendations of a behavior analysis study of an oral rehydration therapy (ORT) promotion in four localities in San Marcos, Guatemala. In this study, we used behavioral observation techniques to look at one-to-one communication and health education efforts in health clinics as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of these health education efforts by observing mothers' behavioral skills in their own homes. Subsequently, we also observed canalización (outreach) strategies to see whether we could learn more from these health workers' activities, and conducted “behavioral focus group” research with teams of health workers to determine how best to promote effective health education activities to other health workers. Results of our study indicate that health workers already spent a substantial amount of time doing health education and primary prevention, and were fairly effective at doing so. Their communication, however, tended to be relatively unilateral and failed to involve some of the more progressive aspects of behavioral skills training.
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10

Kumari, Rina, Somesh Raju, Pragati Sharma, Raunak Verma, and Prashant Pratap. "Effectiveness of pamphlets on knowledge and practice regarding oral rehydration among mothers of under five children." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 3963. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20204361.

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Background: Diarrhoea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children. Correct knowledge regarding oral rehydration therapy (ORT) helps prevent morbidity and mortality due to diarrhoea. Our objective was to assess the awareness, knowledge and practice of mothers of under-five children regarding ORT and home management of diarrhoea and effectiveness of pamphlets regarding knowledge and practices of oral rehydration therapy.Methods: A pre-experimental (one group pre-test & post-test) quantitative study conducted at King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, U.P. Subjects selected by purposive sampling technique and pre-test and post test conducted after explain nature of study and distribution of pamphlets containing information about diarrhoea and ORS.Results: Pre-test knowledge score of subjects regarding diarrhoea and oral rehydration showed that 64 percent of mothers having moderately adequate knowledge and 36 percent were having inadequate knowledge. Post-test knowledge score showed Significant improvements, 72.72 percent of subjects having adequate knowledge and 27.27 percent of subjects having moderately adequate knowledge and results were highly significant. Pre-test score of mothers regarding practice of oral rehydration therapy showed that majority (45.45%) of subjects having inadequate knowledge, 41.81% of subjects having moderately adequate knowledge and only 12.72% of mothers having adequate knowledge. Post-test score ct showed significant improvement in their practice regarding diarrhoea and ORS.Conclusion: Mothers were having moderately adequate knowledge about diarrhoea and dehydration. Although most of them could prepare commercially available packets of the O.R.S, but they could not prepare the O.R.S at home. Teaching of mothers about signs of dehydration and preparing and using O.R.S can help to reduce the mortality and morbidity of under five children.
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11

Ezezika, Obidimma, Apira Ragunathan, Yasmine El-Bakri, and Kathryn Barrett. "Barriers and facilitators to implementation of oral rehydration therapy in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 22, 2021): e0249638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249638.

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Background Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is an effective and cheap treatment for diarrheal disease; globally, one of the leading causes of death in children under five. The World Health Organization launched a global campaign to improve ORT coverage in 1978, with activities such as educational campaigns, training health workers and the creation of designate programming. Despite these efforts, ORT coverage remains relatively low. The objective of this systematic review is to identify the barriers and facilitators to the implementation of oral rehydration therapy in low and middle-income countries. Methods A comprehensive search strategy comprised of relevant subject headings and keywords was executed in 5 databases including OVID Medline, OVID Embase, OVID HealthStar, Web of Science and Scopus. Eligible studies underwent quality assessment, and a directed content analysis approach to data extraction was conducted and aligned to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to facilitate narrative synthesis. Results The search identified 1570 citations and following removal of duplicates as well as screening according to our inclusion/exclusion criteria, 55 articles were eligible for inclusion in the review. Twenty-three countries were represented in this review, with India, Bangladesh, Egypt, Nigeria, and South Africa having the most representation of available studies. Study dates ranged from 1981 to 2020. Overarching thematic areas spanning the barriers and facilitators that were identified included: availability and accessibility, knowledge, partnership engagement, and design and acceptability. Conclusion A systematic review of studies on implementation of ORT in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) highlights key activities that facilitate the development of successful implementation that include: (1) availability and accessibility of ORT, (2) awareness and education among communities, (3) strong partnership engagement strategies, and (4) adaptable design to enhance acceptability. The barriers and facilitators identified under the CIFR domains can be used to build knowledge on how to adapt ORT to national and local settings and contribute to a better understanding on the implementation and use of ORT in LMICs. The prospects for scaling and sustaining ORT (after years of low use) will increase if implementation research informs local applications, and implementers engage appropriate stakeholders and test assumptions around localized theories of change from interventions to expected outcomes. Registration A protocol for this systematic review was developed and uploaded onto the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews database (Registration number: CRD420201695).
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12

Chander, Ramesh, Puja Vimesh, and Shyam Singh. "Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Mothers Regarding 'Oral Rehydration Therapy' in Jammu Slums." JMS SKIMS 15, no. 2 (December 27, 2012): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33883/jms.v15i2.146.

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BACKGROUND: Little information is available among mothers living in Jammu slums regarding oral rehydration therapy(ORT). OBJECTIVE: To study the knowledge, attitude and practices of mothers regarding oral rehydration therapy during diarrhoeal episode in their children? STUDY DESIGN & SETTING : A cross-sectional study, conducted in slums of Jammu city. METHODS: A total of 750 mothers of children below 6 years of age suffering from diarrhoea were recruited for the study. The sample size was selected out of the total 3000 mothers of children suffering from diarrhoea by systematic random sampling technique. Mothers were contacted by house to house visits and in Anganwari centers. RESULTS: Most of the mothers got first information about oral rehydration solution(ORS) from health personals (68.8%) and 17.9% from mass-media. Majority considered it to be a home- made remedy of diarrhoea (40.5%).They were knowing some forms of home-available fluids. The first line of action of mothers at the onset of diarrhoea was to consult health personnels (58%). While 26.9% used ORS and the rest wanted it in combination with medicines. Only 12.54% and 22.33% mothers could prepare Sugar Salt Solution and ORS correctly, respectively. JMS 2012;15(2):111-14
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13

Hall-Clifford, Rachel, and Roxanne Amerson. "From guidelines to local realities: evaluation of oral rehydration therapy and zinc supplementation in Guatemala." Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 41 (February 8, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2017.8.

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Objective. Diarrhea remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality for children in low- and middle-income countries throughout the Americas. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed guidelines on incorporating zinc supplementation (ZS) with traditional oral rehydration therapy (ORT) in order to shorten the duration of diarrheal episodes and to reduce poor health outcomes. Guatemala adopted these guidelines in 2011, but they have not yet been fully implemented at the community level. The objectives of this study were: (1) to co-design an ORT/ZS training program for community members with local health promoters that is appropriate to the local context and (2) to understand how attitudes and behaviors of community members changed after receiving training from the study promoters. Methods. In an observational study, community health promoters in rural Guatemala were trained according to WHO guidelines, and they worked collaboratively with the study team to develop a training curriculum to implement in their community. Community-based surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions were used to assess acceptability, accessibility, and availability of oral rehydration therapy and zinc supplementation. Results. Use of ORT increased from 63% to 95% among community members following training by local health promoters. Satisfaction with the service offered by health promoters increased from 63% to 90% amongst community members trained by the study promoters. However, knowledge and use of zinc supplementation remained low, which was attributable to unavailability of zinc in the study community. Conclusions. Use of trained community health promoters is an effective way to translate WHO guidelines to local contexts and overcome sociocultural barriers to care. However, the health system’s structure must support availability of essential medicines in order to effectively implement those guidelines.
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Ekerete, P. P. "Motivating Consumers for National Programme on Immunization (NPI) and Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) in Nigeria." Journal of Hospital Marketing 12, no. 1 (April 22, 1998): 33–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j043v12n01_03.

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15

Saad Mohmed, Eiman Ahmed, and Mohammed AbdallaIbrahim Abdalla. "Awareness and Knowledge of Mothers Regarding Home Management of Diarrheal Disease for Children Less Than Five." International Journal of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, no. 73 (July 11, 2021): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijhms.73.58.62.

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Background: Diarrhea is the major cause of morbidity and mortality among children less than 5 years of age. Adequate rehydration therapy is the most important aspect of management. Home-based Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) prevents morbidity and mortality. In this study, our objective was to assess the awareness and knowledge of mothers regarding home management of the diarrheal disease for children less than five years in Gaffer Ibnauf specialized children’s hospital. Methods: This study was descriptive cross-sectional in gaffer ibnauf specialized children hospital. A questionnaire was provided to all the mothers admitted by children under five. in gastroenteritis word. Results: A total of 50 mothers60% of mothers have an aware understanding of the term childhood diarrhea. 52% of mothers were aware of signs of diarrhea. 48.0% of mothers aware of the severe symptoms noticed in children with diarrhea. 40.0% of mothers identify the mode of diarrhea spread, and more than halve the mothers had poor knowledge. 52.0% of mothers are aware of the danger of diarrhea. 42.0% of respondents were aware that dehydration is associated with acute loss of water and salt from the body. 52.0% of responders had good knowledge about the management of diarrhea. 64.0% of the respondents were aware of the composition of oral rehydration therapy. 48.0% of the respondents had knowledge of how to avoid some diets (like fat and fiber) in order to prevent diarrhea. Conclusions:- The study concluded that mothers had good knowledge about definition, signs, symptoms, main danger of diarrhea, the composition of ORT, importance of fluid and breastfeed continuation, and they had poor knowledge about the diet control types of diarrheal diseases and mode of its transmission.
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K. R., Haricharan, Punith S., Harsha P. J., and Gowtham R. "Knowledge, attitude and practices of oral rehydration therapy among mothers coming to tertiary care centre." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20185194.

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Background: Diarrhoea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children. Correct knowledge regarding oral rehydration therapy (ORT) helps prevent morbidity and mortality due to diarrhoea. The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers of under-five children regarding ORT and home management of diarrhoea.Methods: Study period from December 1st, 2017 to December 31st, 2017, total of 200 mothers were enrolled in this study. The data was entered in Microsoft excel sheet and percentages were calculated.Results: 95% of mothers were aware about ORS. ORS was given by parents on own in16%, 55% were advised by doctor. Only 60% knew how to prepare ORS correctly. About 45.7% had used bottle to give ORS and 55.3% used cup and spoon. About 67.9% had knowledge of quantity of ORS to be given during diarrhoea episode. Exclusive breast feeding was practised in 86% of mothers till 6 months of age. Misconceptions about the use of ORS were seen in 60% and more among illiterates. About 21% mothers’ felt ORS should be stopped if diarrhoea continues. Only 5% of mothers felt ORS can be given even if child has vomiting. About 9% mothers felt no fluids should be given during diarrhoea.Conclusions: Mothers’ knowledge and attitude on use of ORS in diarrhoea need to be improved.
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Sugiyama, Y., N. Hirabayashi, J. Taomoto, T. Mimura, M. Yoshimitsu, S. Murakami, S. Saeki, H. Mukaida, and W. Takiyama. "Feasibility study of postoperative management based on ERAS of patients with gastrectomy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2011): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.4_suppl.127.

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127 Background: Although the usefulness of the postoperative management based on Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) program of patents with colectomy is shown, there are a few papers concerning ERAS program for gastric cancer patients. The aim of the present study was to examined whether a new postoperative management based on ERAS was feasible for pts with gastrectomy. Methods: From September 2009 to April 2010, we have adopted the new clinical pathway (CP) based on ERAS and oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for 30 consecutive gastric cancer patients who underwent curative gastrectomy. These pts began a oral rehydration solution (ORS) on the first postoperative day, and after the volume of ORS got 1,000 ml, we stopped intravenous transfusion. The incidence of adverse events, postoperative pt's activity score, which pt's daily activity was evaluated with, and total infusion volume of these pts were compared with 30 pts with the previous CP that were enrolled as a control group. Results: There were no significant differences in the clinical and operative factors between the two groups. The post operative patient's activity score of ERAS group was significantly higher up to 7th postoperative day (POD). Total infusion volume was significantly little besides, in most cases, infusion therapy was substituted for ORT with OS-1 within 2 POD. There was no difference in the hospitalized days, and the incidence of adverse events were statistically no significance between two groups. Conclusions: Our CP based on ERAS and ORT is feasible for patients with gastrectomy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Sunoto, Sunoto, Suharyono Suharyono, Aswitha D. Budiarso, and Adnan S. Wiharta. "Oral Rehydration Therapy in Young Infants less than 3 Months with Acute Diarrhoea and Modeate Dehydration." Paediatrica Indonesiana 28, no. 3-4 (July 25, 2019): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi28.3-4.1988.67-78.

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Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) as an appropriate technology in the treatment of acute diarrhoeal diseases (ADD) has been accepted throughout the world. It has been proved that besides lifesaving, ORT has reduced about 70-80% of the use of intravenous solution and average cost of the treatment of ADD. If there is still problem, question or doubtfulness, is the use of WHO ORS in full concentration for the neonates and young infants less than 3 months of age. During one-year period it has been treated 72 cases of ADD in young infants less than 3 months of age with moderate dehydration. They were divided into 3 groups. The first group was treated with 100 mil kg bw of fluid consisting oftwothirds as WHO ORS in full concentration for 4 hours period and the rest, one-third, was given as plain water for 2 hours period. The second group was treated with kristalyte with the Na concentration of 51 mEq/L and the third group was treated with intravenous Ringer's lactate for 6 hours period. After the end of the study only 18 patients in each group could be matched and evaluated. From clinical observation and laboratory examinations, the result of the treatment in general, statistically shows no significant difference. Diarrhoea and vomiting stopped in all groups on the second day of treatment. Hyponatremia which occurred in 3 patients in Group I and 2 patients each in Group II and III improved after 6 hours of treatment. Acidosis was corrected in all of the treatment groups in 6 hours period. Weight gain up to 6-9% of body weight on admission was achieved after 6 hours of treatment in all groups. No complication of hypernatremia, convulsion nor hypoglycaemia in all the treatment group. From this study it could be concluded that WHO ORS is quite safe and effective as ORS with low sodium concentration and intravenous treatment, as far as it is given slowly, little by little with a strict supervision.
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Gandra, Nayantara Rao, and Dilnaaz Farooqui. "Diarrhoea, nutrition and oral rehydration therapy: awareness, attitude and practices among mothers of children under five years." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 4, no. 6 (October 24, 2017): 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20174182.

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Background: Lack of knowledge about the preventive and therapeutic measures pose a barrier in the management of diarrhoea in children.Methods: This study was conducted to assess awareness and attitude among mothers of children <5 years, towards diarrhea, feeding practices during diarrhoea, awareness and use of oral rehydration therapy (ORT). A standard questionnaire including handwashing practice, sanitation, personal hygiene, feeding practice, knowledge about disease was the assessmetn tool.Results: Of 300 mothers, 190 (62.60%) were in 20-30 years age group. Mean±SD age was 24.5±2.47 years. Literates were 78.67%; majority belonged to class III (37.69%) and IV (23.32%) socioeconomic class. Disease awareness was low (71.86%) and 68.03% were unaware of complications. Teething (32.64%), contaminated food and water (29.32%) were the main causes. Rice based food considered best (45.96%) followed by fruit juices (21.98%), boiled saboo daana (20.65%). Breast feed continued in 73.93%, solid food in 27.30%. Bottle feeding (92%) was preferred for top feeding and cleaning the bottle with boiling water was the most practiced (68.0%) method. Knowledge on oral rehydrating fluids was adequate (Home made salt and sugar solution (66.0%) and oral hydration solution (80.0%)); knowledge on correct preparation was inadequate. Not practicing proper hand wash (50.55%), wrong dilution (69.50%) and use of unsafe water (29.49%) were correctable factors. There was insufficient knowledge (89.50%) about quantity of fluid to be restored.Conclusions: There is an urgent need to educate mothers on initial fluid replacement and hygienic practices to be followed during diarrhoea apart from improving handwashing practice, sanitation, feeding practice, knowledge about disease.
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Mallick, Achinta K. R., Janki Bangari, Shalu S. Kumar, and Himani Suyal. "Knowledge, attitude and practice of acute diarrheal disease and use of oral rehydration therapy among mothers of under five children." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 5 (August 23, 2019): 1976. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20193708.

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Background: Acute diarrhea in children is among the commonest causes of outpatient and inpatient attendance in medical setup. Though enough has been done in imparting knowledge about diarrhea and its management, there is a gap between knowledge and practice in the population. Aim of the study is to assess the mother’s knowledge, attitude and practice about diarrhea in children.Methods: Cross-sectional survey, conducted in the pediatric department of a peripheral hospital in Pune, Maharashtra.Results: Of the 305 mothers surveyed, their knowledge about diarrhea was good with 77.1% knowing correct definition, and most mothers knowing correctly about its mode of transmission, the positive role of good hygiene & sanitation, breast feeding and oral rehydration therapy (ORT) in prevention and management of acute diarrhea. However, their attitude and practice were found lacking, with higher rate of bottle feeding (59.3%) and lesser use of standard (46.3%) as well as home based (69.9%) ORT measures.Conclusions: There is discrepancy between the knowledge and practice. Hence, there is the need of sustained efforts in imparting both knowledge and practice among the population.
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Dash, Dillip Kumar, Mrutunjaya Dash, M. D. Mohanty, and Naresh Acharya. "Efficacy of Probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii as an Adjuvant Therapy in Acute Childhood Diarrhoea." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 36, no. 3 (April 16, 2017): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v36i3.15539.

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Introduction: Administration of S. boulardii in addition to rehydration therapy in diarrhea found to be beneficial in many aspects owing to a variety of causes and importantly it is was not associated with any adverse effects.Material and Methods: We conducted a prospective study of children suffering from acute diarrhoea, at a private tertiary care hospital. Children were divided into 2 groups randomly as per odd(Group 1 ) and even (Group 2) bed allotted in indoor at the time of admission: Group 1 included children on oral rehydration therapy (ORT) + Zinc + Saccharomyces boulardii (Probiotic 5 billion CFU twice daily) and Group 2 comprised of children on ORT+ Zinc. Our objective was to systematically review data on the effect of S. boulardii on acute childhood diarrhoea.Results: Out of a total of 126 children less than 2 years, 2-6 years and 6-14 years were 72 (57.14%), 42(33.33%) and 12(09.52%) respectively. The duration of diarrhoea in Group 1 was 26.31 hours and Group 2 was 47.81 hours (p<0.01). The frequency of diarrhoea showed improvement within 24 and 72 hours in Group 1 and Group 2 respectively (p<0.01).Similarly, the mean duration of hospital stay was 2.68 days in Group 1 and 4.8 days in Group 2.The treatment cost was INR 850 and INR 1650 while social cost was INR 1250 and 2600 in Group 1 and 2 respectively.Conclusion:This study shows that S. boulardii reduced the duration, frequency and hospital stay of diarrhoea thereby reducing the treatment and social costs.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2016;36(3):250-255
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Saskia, D’Sa, Hussain Ahad, Hussain Mushtaq, Afridi Zahir, Twomey John, and Ahmed Irfan. "An Audit on the implementation of administering Ondansetron in children with acute gastroenteritis and its effect on admission rate." Journal of Advanced Pediatrics and Child Health 4, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 023–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.japch.1001025.

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Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a common presenting complaint in paediatrics. Most often, the reason for admission into hospital is to initiate intravenous rehydration in patients with severe dehydration and inability to tolerate oral intake. We found that Ondansetron acts as a potent antiemetic to support an increased number of children receiving oral hydration, and subsequently leading to decreased rates of admission. This study aims to audit the use of Ondansetron to Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) on children with acute gastroenteritis, and its effect on admission rates from the emergency department in University Hospital, Limerick (UHL). Data collected over a 3-month period from June to August 2017 in which Ondansetron was not used was compared to another 3-month period when Ondansetron was used. Several outcomes were measured including admission to hospital. The rate of admission decreased by 15% [26/74 (35%) in 2017 to 16/81 (20%) in 2019 p = 0.22]. 81 patients received Ondansetron, of which 79% were successfully rehydrated orally. The administration of Ondansetron reduced the need for intravenous fluids and hospital admission overall in these children with AGE. This reduction ultimately accounted for lower costs incurred by the Health Services Executive per patient, and also suggested the anti-emetic use as a cost effective measure for managing and treating patients with AGE.
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Lukwago, Luswa, D. W. Kitimbo, Olico-Okui, L. Marum, and S. Kasasa. "A baseline survey for the new communication strategy for the promotion of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) in rural Jinja district." Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 51 (February 1998): S36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-4356(98)90117-2.

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Morimoto, Yasuko, Shinichi Harada, Kazuo Nakamoto, and Shogo Tokuyama. "The Survey for Pharmacist in Community Pharmacy Concerning the Usefullness of Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) in Self-medication and the State of Sales of Products for ORT." YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 133, no. 11 (November 1, 2013): 1243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.13-00195.

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Mallappa, Sreelakshmi, Simon Gabe, Robin Phillips, Margaret Robertson, and Susan Clark. "Efficacy of oral rehydration therapy (ort) in restoring water and electrolyte balance post-colectomy – A blinded placebo-controlled randomised cross-over trial." International Journal of Surgery 12 (November 2014): S34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.07.136.

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Ekanem, E. E., and N. S. Benebo. "A Community‐Based Survey of the Awareness and Acceptability of Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) as a Treatment for Acute Diarrhoea in Children." Early Child Development and Care 34, no. 1 (January 1988): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0300443880340107.

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Okunribido, Osibamke O., William R. Brieger, O. O. Omotade, and A. A. Adeyemo. "Cultural Perceptions of Diarrhea and Illness Management Choices among Yoruba Mothers in Oyo State, Nigeria." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 17, no. 3 (October 1997): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/w07w-b4fx-tex7-wc3k.

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Home management of childhood illness is a norm throughout most of the world. Decisions about treatment are influenced by cultural perceptions of the illness, and diarrheal illnesses are no exception. A group of 473 mothers and their pre-school age children in rural communities outside Ibadan metropolis in Nigeria were followed over a two-month period. Data were collected on actual diarrhea illness episodes: mothers' names for these illnesses were recorded, and reported treatment actions were noted. Six major ethno-medical diarrheal illnesses were identified and were grouped broadly into watery diarrheas and dysentery-like diarrheas. Although few (40%) women used home-made sugar-salt solution (SSS) in case management, those who labeled their child's illness as a watery diarrhea were more likely to use SSS. Modern and herbal medicines were commonly and equally applied to both groups of diarrheal illnesses. While very few mothers reported decreased fluid intake by their children, many said the child had reduced appetite, especially if the child had a watery diarrhea. The findings indicate that twelve years after the national Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) Program was launched, few mothers practice the recommended actions of giving SSS, increasing food intake and avoiding drugs. Lack of attention to studies that describe the cultural basis for mothers' decisions could be part of the reason why the ORT has not been more successful.
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Galvao, Loren, and Katherine Kaye. "Using Lot Quality Assessment Techniques to Evaluate Quality of Data in a Community-Based Health Information System." Tropical Doctor 24, no. 4 (October 1994): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947559402400403.

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We report here on the application of lot quality assessment (LQA) techniques by managers of a Save the Children (SC) Child Survival Project in Mbalachanda, Malawi, to evaluate data contained in a community-based health information system. By defining Mots' as the health records for all households with children under 5 years old which were listed on the rosters of village health promoters supervised by a given community health supervisor, and by establishing criteria for ‘acceptability’ of samples drawn from these lots, we were able to identify and offer additional supervision to health workers (supervisors as well as village health promoters) who were not performing adequately. As LQA sampling procedures require that only a small sample be drawn from each lot, the assessment could be conducted easily and quickly. Health workers were found to have the greatest need for help in updating demographic data and information about home-based oral rehydration therapy (ORT) training sessions, and the least for help in recording children's immunization status. We conclude that LQA can be a useful supervisory tool for health programme managers.
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Wolters, Pien Ingrid, Gea Holtman, Freek Fickweiler, Irma Bonvanie, Anouk Weghorst, Johan Post, Boudewijn Kollen, and Marjolein Berger. "Referral rates for children with acute gastroenteritis: a retrospective cohort study." BJGP Open 4, no. 3 (July 21, 2020): bjgpopen20X101053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgpopen20x101053.

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BackgroundHospital admission rates are increasing for children with acute gastroenteritis. However, it is unknown whether this increase is accompanied by an increase in referral rates from GPs due to increased workloads in primary care out-of-hours (OOH) services.AimTo assess trends in referral rates from primary care OOH services to specialist emergency care for children presenting with acute gastroenteritis.Design & settingThis retrospective cohort study covered a period from September 2007–September 2014. Children aged 6 months to 6 years presenting with acute gastroenteritis to a primary care OOH service were included.MethodPseudonymised data were obtained, and children were analysed overall and by age category. Χ2 trend tests were used to assess rates of acute gastroenteritis, referrals, face-to-face contacts, and oral rehydration therapy (ORT) prescriptions.ResultsThe data included 12 455 children (6517 boys), with a median age of 20.2 months (interquartile range [IQR] 11.6 to 36.0 months). Over 7 years, incidence rates of acute gastroenteritis decreased significantly, and face-to-face contact rates increased significantly (both, P<0.01). However, there was no significant trend for referral rates (P = 0.87) or prescription rates for ORT (P = 0.82). Subgroup analyses produced comparable results, although there was an increase in face-to-face contact rates for the older children.ConclusionIncidence rates for childhood acute gastroenteritis presenting in OOH services decreased and referral rates did not increase significantly. These findings may be useful as a reference for the impact of new interventions for childhood acute gastroenteritis.
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Rezapour, Baratali. "Educational Needs of Mothers about using Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS) at Home During Acute Diarrhea in Children under 5 at Urmia Population Research Center." Journal of Public Health International 2, no. 3 (April 7, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-20-3296.

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Preventable factors such as infectious diseases (pneumonia, diarrhea, and malaria), malnutrition and neonatal complications are still the leading cause of child mortality worldwide 1 In 2013, it is estimated that 6.3 million babies born worldwide died before the age of 5, and approximately 9.2% of these deaths were due to diarrheal diseases 2, 3 in simple, accessible ways, and effective treatment can reduce diarrhea-related mortality and make hospital admissions unnecessary, and the role of mothers is the most important 4. Since the presentation of Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) in 1979, mortality has reduced. Diarrhea has had a steady downward trend 5. If mothers who have children under 5 years of age, used correctly ORS, they could easily resolve the problem of dehydration in acute diarrhea 6. Mothers didn’t use correctly ORS because of their Low literacy and lack of knowledge and wrong attitude about ORT7. Some health care workers provide mothers’ required equipments, regardless of their educational needs, and mothers may not use ORS. In this study, health workers identified mothers' educational needs and subsequently they trained them about using ORS at home in acute diarrhea in children under 5 years of age
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N., Radhika Renjith, Prakash Saldanha, and Sahana K. S. "Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding diarrhoea and its prevention and the use of oral rehydration therapy among mothers of children under the age of five visiting a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore, India." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 4 (June 27, 2019): 1707. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20192781.

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Background: Diarrheal diseases remain the second most leading cause of mortality and morbidity next to pneumonia among under-five mortality globally, contributing to 1/5th of child deaths.Methods: Cross sectional hospital based questionnaire study conducted among 200 mothers of children within the age group of 6-60 months with diarrhoea attending the paediatric outdoor or treated in the paediatric indoor (OPD) at YMCH hospital using personal interview method. Filled up questionnaires was collected and was attached along with the filled up proforma.Results: Of 200 mothers, 24.3% knew the correct meaning of diarrhoea, with 73.8% of them not knowing the correct cause of diarrhoea. Only 44.3% knew that it could be prevented. Majority 88.7% did not know to look for signs of dehydration. Less than half of the mothers had only heard of ORT. By using c2-test, preparation ORS was found to be associated with the mother’s education (p=0.04) proving that knowledge is better among those mothers with formal education. No association was found between ORS preparation and age of the mother (p=0.229), religion (p=0.342), and gender of the child (p=0.061).Conclusions: The findings of this research indicate that only 73.8% of the mothers had knowledge regarding the cause of the diarrhoea and less than half 11.3% has only heard and used ORT properly.
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32

Mason, John Beverly, and Barrie M. Margetts. "Magic bullets vs community action: the trade-offs are real." World Nutrition 8, no. 1 (August 6, 2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.26596/wn.2017815-25.

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Abstract Magic bullets refer to single interventions, vertically delivered (i.e. from the centre), expected to have a dramatic effect, and often in practice circumventing or displacing more locally appropriate and sustainable activities. Once policies have defined intended outcomes – here childhood malnutrition is considered – decisions on programme specifics should take full account of trade-offs (including opportunity costs), and these decisions at present are often unduly influenced by vested interests. Magic bullets have times-and-places where they may be effective. These may get superseded, for example with changing disease patterns or other conditions, or because of new technologies. Regular transparent assessments of current applicability, with some estimate of benefits and costs, are essential, but uncommon. Six examples of single purpose interventions are summarized considering times-and-places: protein supplements, infant formula, high dose vitamin A capsules (HDVAC), the vitamin supplement industry, ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTFs), and oral rehydration therapy (ORT). HDVAC and RUTFs are compared to community-based nutrition programmes. Protein is rarely the binding constraint in preventing or treating infant and child malnutrition. Infant formula is hardly ever to be preferred to breastfeeding; and in poor countries with inadequate hygiene its use carries much increased mortality risk. HDVACs were shown to have a mortality impact in the 1980’s and early 90’s, leading to global programs now covering a reported 200 million children; however recent studies have shown that this effect is no longer seen, but policies and programmes have yet to change in most countries. The vitamin supplement industry is included as it contributes to misguided views of nutrition and health, which should be mitigated. RUTFs are very useful for the narrowly defined group of children with severe acute malnutrition still with an appetite (most severely malnourished children have a poor or zero appetite, and require liquid diets first). However, the off-label use of these sweetened peanut butter pastes for moderately (or less) malnourished children is becoming widespread: it has many immediate and long-term disadvantages, including on children’s food preferences; local foods, maybe enhanced with micronutrient mixes, are far preferable, including for rehabilitation of severely malnourished children. Oral rehydration provides a further example of where local solutions are preferable – but still seldom applied. Community-based programmes have known effectiveness, are more sustainable than magic bullet approaches, and in all the examples above can contribute to local problem solving. The implications for resource allocations are that shifting resources from magic bullet programmes to local, community- (and facility-) based activities will have many advantages. While cost estimates are hard to find, it seems that some such as HDVAC cost around $1 per child per year, and RUTFs for SAM around $5 per child per year (in the overall population; per SAM case treated the estimated cost is more than $100). Effective community-based programmes cost about $10 per child per year, but address not one but most of the nutrition problems faced by children in those communities. Major donors have allocated 50% or so of their budgets to such supplies, and these funds go to the manufacturers in the rich countries, not to the countries in need. Allocation of resources to the countries themselves, and to local activities, could amount to billions of dollars, leading to improved nutrition, if single purpose interventions like HDVAC and RUTFs were no longer soaking up time, efforts of frontline workers, and funds.
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Benakappa, D. G., and Asha Benakappa. "Putting ORT and rehydration therapy in peoples’ hands." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 57, no. 1 (January 1990): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02722124.

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34

DAVIES, M. K. "Oral rehydration therapy." Archives of Disease in Childhood 84, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.84.3.199.

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Casteel, Helen B., and Stephen C. Fiedorek. "Oral Rehydration Therapy." Pediatric Clinics of North America 37, no. 2 (April 1990): 295–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36869-9.

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36

Greenough, WilliamB. "Oral rehydration therapy." Lancet 345, no. 8964 (June 1995): 1568–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(95)91112-x.

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Bender, Brenda J., Philip O. Ozuah, and Ellen F. Crain. "Oral Rehydration Therapy." Pediatric Emergency Care 23, no. 9 (September 2007): 624–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pec.0b013e318149f66f.

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FINCH, MICHAEL H., and KABIR M. YOUNOSZAI. "Oral Rehydration Therapy." Southern Medical Journal 80, no. 5 (May 1987): 609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-198705000-00015.

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Santosham, Mathuram. "Oral Rehydration Therapy." Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 156, no. 12 (December 1, 2002): 1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.156.12.1177.

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Greenough, William B. "Oral Rehydration Therapy." Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice 7, no. 2 (February 1998): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019048-199802000-00008.

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&NA;. "Oral Rehydration Therapy." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 5, no. 1 (January 1986): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005176-198601000-00003.

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Finberg, L. "Oral Rehydration Therapy." Pediatrics in Review 8, no. 9 (March 1, 1987): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.8-9-278.

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Farthing, M. J. G. "Oral rehydration therapy." Pharmacology & Therapeutics 64, no. 3 (January 1994): 477–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0163-7258(94)90020-5.

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Larrauri, Selene Alvarez. "Oral rehydration therapy promotion." Promotion & Education 1, no. 4 (December 1994): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102538239400100412.

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Molla, Abdul Majid. "IMPROVED ORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition 27, no. 2 (August 1998): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005176-199808000-00036.

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Wittenberg, D. F., S. Ramji, and M. Broughton. "Oral rehydration therapy revisited." Lancet 337, no. 8744 (March 1991): 798–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)91425-t.

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Elliott, Elizabeth. "Oral rehydration therapy: applied physiology." Clinical Medicine 8, no. 3 (June 1, 2008): 296–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.8-3-296.

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Leung, Alexander K. C., Pauline Darling, and Claude Auclair. "Oral rehydration therapy — a review." Journal of the Royal Society of Health 107, no. 2 (April 1987): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146642408710700210.

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Ebrahim, G. J. "Looking beyond oral rehydration therapy." BMJ 295, no. 6608 (November 14, 1987): 1222–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.295.6608.1222.

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Brown, Joel D. "Oral Rehydration Therapy for Diarrhea." Military Medicine 150, no. 11 (November 1, 1985): 577–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/150.11.577.

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