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1

Ayesha, patil* Sanika Bhosale Rutuja Gadade. "Oral Dispersed Film." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 11 (2024): 377–82. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14051150.

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Oral dissolving films are advanced forms of oral medication designed to adhere to the buccal mucosa, offering both local and systemic effects. When compared to other oral drug delivery systems, these dosage forms are preferred due to their flexibility and comfort. These films make use of certain polymers with bio-adhesive properties, which, upon hydration, target a specific region of the body for a prolonged period, thus bypassing first-pass metabolism and enhancing bioavailability. This review aims to give an overview of fast-dissolving oral film. Recent advancements in technology have introd
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2

Mankar, Jayshree, Dr Dinesh Biyani, and Dr Milind Umekar. "Oral Thin Film: Advanced Oral Dosage Form." Global Journal for Pharma and Allied Sciences 1, no. 5 (2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.47583/gjfpas.2020.v01i05.001.

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3

Darekar, A. B., S. M. Sonawane, and R. B. Saudagar. "Formulation and Evaluation of Orally Fast Dissolving Wafer by Using Natural Gum: Review Article." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research 9, no. 3 (2017): 253–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12674551.

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Oral thin film a new drug delivery system for the oral delivery of the drugs, was developed based on the technology of thetransdermal patch. Fast-dissolving oral thin film is a solid dosage form, which disintegrate or dissolve within 1 min whenplaced in the mouth without drinking water or chewing. Oral film includes various ingredients for its formulation. Fastdissolving film is prepared using hydrophilic polymers that rapidly dissolves on the tongue or buccal cavity, delivering thedrugto the systemic circulation via dissolution when contact with liquid is made. Water-soluble polymers are used
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4

Darekar, A. B., S. M. Sonawane, and R. B. Saudagar. "Formulation and Evaluation of Orally Fast Dissolving Wafer by Using Natural Gum: Review Article." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research 8, no. 3 (2024): 253–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12677573.

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Oral thin film a new drug delivery system for the oral delivery of the drugs, was developed based on the technology of thetransdermal patch. Fast-dissolving oral thin film is a solid dosage form, which disintegrate or dissolve within 1 min whenplaced in the mouth without drinking water or chewing. Oral film includes various ingredients for its formulation. Fastdissolving film is prepared using hydrophilic polymers that rapidly dissolves on the tongue or buccal cavity, delivering thedrugto the systemic circulation via dissolution when contact with liquid is made. Water-soluble polymers are used
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5

Pagilla, Pragathi, P. Vishnu, and Abbulu Konde. "Formulation and evaluation of lovastatin oral disintegration thin films." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 2 (2018): 035–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4307463.

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Lovastatin is a statin drug used to prevent and treat coronary heart disease and to treat high cholesterol. In the present study, oral disintegrating thin films (ODTs) of lovastatin were designed with a view to enhance patient compliance by solvent casting method. In the solvent casting method, Croscarmellose sodium (CCS) (2, 4 and 6 % w/w), Crospovidone (10 and 15%   w/w)   as  superdisintegrants  were  used in different concentrations with Gelatin, Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) as a film forming base for the formulation of oral disintegrating thin films of
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6

Sharma, Ragini, Zeal Naik, Pooja Birmole, and Parixit Prajapati. "Preparation and evaluation of Oral Thin Film of Eugenol for tooth decay." Journal of Biological Research and Reviews 1, no. 1 (2024): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/jbrr.20240406084201.

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Background: Fast dissolving oral thin films (FDTFs) offer a promising delivery platform for drugs with poor aqueous solubility and bioavailability. Eugenol, a natural compound with diverse pharmacological properties, faces challenges in oral delivery due to its low aqueous solubility and high volatility. Objective: This study aimed to develop a fast dissolving oral thin film formulation of eugenol to enhance its bioavailability and facilitate convenient administration. Methods: The FDTFs were prepared using a solvent casting method with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and polyethylene gly
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7

Kanugo, Dr Abhishek. "Design optimization and evaluatıon of polyvinyl alcohol based oral thin film of apixaban." Journal of Research in Pharmacy 29, no. 1 (2025): 123–36. https://doi.org/10.12991/jrespharm.1628554.

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The current research work aimed to prepare an optimized and evaluate fast-dissolving oral thin film of Apixaban using polyvinyl alcohol as a film former. The oral thin film of Apixaban enhances the solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy in thrombus, pulmonary embolism, and venous thromboembolism. The chemical compatibility and thermal analysis were investigated with the help of FTIR, and DSC. The optimization was performed with the Box-Behnken design. The concentrations of film former (PVA: X1), plasticizer (PEG 200: X2), and superdisintegrant (cross povidone: X3) were considere
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8

RATHORE, LAKSHITA, NARENDRA GEHALOT, and VIKAS JAIN. "A SHORT REVIEW ON ADVANCEMENT IN FAST DISSOLVING ORAL THIN FILMS." Current Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2022): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24092/crps.2021.110404.

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The pharmaceutical industry is pursuing the development of thin films as a novel method of drug administration. Thin films as an alternative to standard dosage forms have been described. They are a very adaptable platform capable of producing immediate, local, or systemic effects. Additionally, these systems are self-administered, which is advantageous for patients with dysphagia, elderly, pediatric, or bedridden patients and those who cannot administer with water. Thin film drug delivery methods are available for oral, buccal, sublingual, ophthalmic, and transdermal administration. This revie
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9

Bhowmik, Sreebash Chandra, Marzia Alam, and Md Saiful Islam Pathan. "Preparation and Evaluation of Palonosetron Hydrochloride Oral Thin Film." Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 22, no. 2 (2019): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v22i2.42316.

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The purpose of the current study was to develop a fast dissolving polymeric oral thin film containing palonosetron hydrochloride having good mechanical properties, fast disintegration, dissolution and good drug content uniformity. Solvent casting method was used to prepare the films. Compatibility between drugs and excipients were studied using FTIR and HPLC. Nine different formulations of film from F1 to F9 were prepared using different concentration of polymer A at drug-polymer A ratio (1:26), (1:28), (1:30), (1:32), (1:34), (1:36), (1:38), (1:40), (1:42) and at polymer A-plasticizer B of (6
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10

Bhaskar, Rajveer, Monika Ola, Shivani Khade, et al. "Oral Thin Films: A Modern Frontier in Drug Delivery Systems." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 15, no. 4 (2025): 150–64. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v15i4.7067.

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Oral thin films (OTFs) are gaining popularity in the pharmaceutical industry for their advantages over traditional oral dosage forms, especially for patients with swallowing difficulties, such as children and the elderly. OTFs provide a discreet, convenient, and fast-acting method of drug administration. They dissolve quickly in saliva, enabling rapid absorption through the oral mucosa, bypassing first-pass metabolism and enhancing bioavailability, which can reduce required doses and side effects. OTFs are particularly useful for poorly soluble drugs and allow for precise dosing, making them i
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11

Alam, Marzia, Farhana Tasneem, and Md Saiful Islam Pathan. "Formulation and Evaluation of Swellable Oral Thin Film of Metoclopramide Hydrochloride." Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 17, no. 1 (2015): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v17i1.22325.

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Traditionally metoclopramide hydrochloride is used as an antiemetic in migraine & cancer patients and in controlling post-operative nausea and vomiting. The main aim of this study was to develop a swellable oral thin film for the treatment of the mentioned pathological conditions. This swellable thin film formulation is specially designed for paediatric patients for oral administration, where it will swell up when exposed to saliva in the oral cavity and will be easily swallowed by the patient, without the need for water. Nine formulations of swellable oral thin film of metoclopramide hydr
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12

Muhammed, Rozhan A., and Huner K. Omer. "Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Oral Film of Imipramine." Polytechnic Journal 10, no. 1 (2020): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.25156/ptj.v10n1y2020.pp182-188.

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Fast dissolving oral film is a new emerging solid dosage form in which it consists of thin strips administered orally and dissolved in mouth within the seconds. The study is purposed to use water soluble polymers to provide rapid film disintegration as the films are hydrated in mouth and to find the best polymer type and its concentration to formulate the drug. Initially, placebo films were prepared using solvent casting method then two formulations from the prepared placebo films were selected to formulate imipramine. The excipients were dissolved in water then the drug solution was prepared
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13

Mrs., Savita. "A Comprehensive Investigation of "Oral Thin Films" As a Treatment for Noncompliance in Young Patients and Elderly Individuals." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 10, no. 1 (2022): 1165 to 1170. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7620315.

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<em>The continuous impact that dissipates in the mouth is attenuated using &quot;oral thin films&quot; for &quot;quicker absorption&quot;. The least expensive and most practical way to take drugs is orally.&nbsp; The &quot;fast-solving films&quot; become dependent on the &quot;polymer matrix&quot; and &quot;film&quot; thickness. The active &quot;pharmaceutical substances,&quot; which make up the fast-dissolving &quot;Oral thin films&quot; components, were fundamentally identified. The &quot;fast-dissolving&quot; &quot;oral thin manufacturing process&quot; is employed in the procedure. The manu
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14

Yogesh, Sonawane* M. M. Bari S. D. Barhate Reema Jagnit Abhay Sawant Amol Chaudhari. "Formulation Optimization & Evaluation Of Oro-Dispersible Film Of Tadalafil." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, no. 8 (August 5, 2024): 2618–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13221841.

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Oro-dispersible films, often known as oral wafers, are small, thin films coated with drugs whose major goal is to build a novel, fast-dissolving product on this platform to achieve enhanced bioavailability and faster disintegration and dissolution. The model medication for the creation of oral thin films is tadalafil, a phosphodiesters 5 inhibitor(PDE5) used to treat erectile dysfunction. utilizing the solvent casting process using TDP/ODF machine, fast-dissolving oral tadalafil thin films were created utilizing HPMC 15cps as a film-forming polymer, propylene glycol 400 as a plasticizer, SLS a
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15

Sk., Althaf B. Valli Manalan P. Prachet N. Rama Rao. "FORMULATION DEVELOPNENT AND EVALUATION OF NADOLOL ORAL FAST DISSOLVING FILMS." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES o6, no. 09 (2019): 16098–107. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3406341.

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<em>The main goal in the development of any drug formulation is to achieve the complete drug release within the time or prior to it. Most of the drug delivery systems are successful because of their safety, most convenient and most economical drug delivery with highest patient compliance. In this a very thin oral strap consisting of drug disintegrates very fastly in the mouth and releases the drug into circulation the oral cavity therefore absorbed into the systemic.</em> <em>The aim of the present study is to formulate the oral fast dissolving films of Nadolol using HPMC K<sub>4</sub>M&nbsp;
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16

Ashwini, B. Pote* Snehal B. Zarad Ashok Dalibe. "A Review On : Fast Dissolving Oral Thin Film." International Journal in Pharmaceutical Sciences 1, no. 12 (2023): 474–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10401691.

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Oral Fast-dissolving drug delivery systems have been developed as an alternative to conventional dosage form as an oral means of drug delivery in case of chronic conditions. Now a day's fast dissolving films are preferred over conventional tablets and capsules for masking the taste of bitter drugs to increase the patient compliance. Fast dissolving films consist of a very thin oral strip which dissolves in less than one minute when placed on the tongue. Dissolvable oral thin films are in the market since past few years in the form of breath strips and are widely accepted by consumers for deliv
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17

Keshireddy, Anji Reddy, and Karpagam S. "Formulation and in vitro evaluation of Donepezil hydrochloride rapid dissolving oral thin film." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 92, Apr 2015 (2015): 538–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5596182.

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Organic Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore-632 014, Tamilnadu, India <em>E-mail</em> : skarpagam80@yahoo.com The present work was aimed to formulate Donepezil hydrochloride fast dissolving oral thin films (OTF) which is certainly useful for the elderly patients. Solvent casting technique is employed to formulate Donepezil hydrochloride oral thin films, HPMC and PEG-400 were used as film forming polymers. Two formulations F1 and F2 were prepared by changing the polymer and drug ratio. The physical characteristics was evaluated such as folding endurance, wei
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18

Sakshi, D. Patil* Shubhangi S. Ambekar Sandip A. Tadavi Sunil P. Pawar. "Review On Mouth Dissolving Film: The Advancement In Oral Drug Delivery." International Journal in Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 3 (2024): 559–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10824195.

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Mouth dissolving films are the kind of drug delivery system which is gaining interest from a wide range of pharmaceutical industries. This is due to there&nbsp; convenience and it&rsquo;s easy to use than other dosage forms like buccal tablets and sublingual tablets. By studying transdermal patch technology, mouth dissolving film was formulated. Thin, solid dosage forms called mouth dissolving films dissolves in the mouth within seconds to a minute without chewing or water intake. Because of the oral buccal mucosa's high vascularization, medications can be absorbed immediately and reach the bl
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19

Ahmed, Jwan, Dina Boya, and Hunar Kamal. "Formulation of a fast-dissolving oral film using gelatin and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose." Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences 24, no. 3 (2020): 338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2020.040.

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Background and objective: Orally disintegrating film is a solid dosage form made as an alternative for tablets for pediatric and geriatric patients who have difficulty in swallowing. These formulations are designed to dissolve in the mouth rapidly upon contact with saliva. This study aimed to prepare a thin oro-dispersible film base that can withstand handling in which a drug can be incorporated to provide a new dosage form. Methods: The solvent casting method was used to prepare the films, in which the ingredients were mixed, dissolved, and cast in a Petri dish. Then, they were left to dry in
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Gupta, Prajjwal, Chaya Rani, Kanishka Chauhan, and Harsh Sisodia. "A Short Review on “A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies”." International Journal of Current Research and Review 14, no. 18 (2022): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31782/ijcrr.2022.141806.

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In the case of chronic illnesses, fast-dissolving drug delivery systems were developed as an oral medication administration alternative to traditional dose forms. For masking the taste of unpleasant drugs and enhancing patient compliance, fast-dissolving films are now recommended over traditional tablets and capsules. Fast dissolving films consist of a very thin oral strip that dissolves in less than one minute when placed on the tongue. Customers have responded positively to dissolvable oral thin films in the form of breath strips, which have been on the market for a few years and are used to
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21

Bhalse, Pinki, Apurva Pagare, and Rajat Pawar. "A REVIEW ON MOUTH DISSOLVING FILM." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine 9, no. 1 (2024): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2024.v09i01.007.

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Oral route is considered as one of the most convenient route for administration of various pharmaceutical dosage forms like, tablet, capsule, syrup, suspension and emulsion. Fast Dissolving Drug Delivery systems have developed various fast disintegrating preparations like mouth dissolving film, MDT. Oral thin film are new dosage form that are prepared from hydrophilic polymer which are when placed in mouth, buccal cavity disintegrate rapidly. Mouth dissolving film is superior as compare to mouth dissolving tablet as the cost of production is low. Geriatric and pediatric patients are facing dif
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Jadi, Rajendra K., Divya J. Yadagiri, Mounika Kuchukuntla, Mounika Konatham, Mounika T. Gorle, and Vasudha Bakshi. "Development and Characterization of Sildenafil Citrate Oral Thin Films." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research 13, no. 02 (2020): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25004/ijpsdr.2021.130205.

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The current work aimed to develop sildenafil citrate (SC) oral thin films. SC oral thin films (OTF) were prepared by solvent casting method. The ingredients include hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), E4 (as film former), glycerol (as lubricating agent), polyethylene glycol 600 (as plasticizer), rose oil (as flavoring agent), and de-ionized water (as solvent). The SC-OTFs were successfully prepared by the solvent casting method. The drug excipient compatibility studies showed the absence of drug excipient interactions in fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra. All the prepare
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Santosh Kumar, Rada, and T. Naga Satya Yagnesh. "Oral dissolving films: an effective tool for fast therapeutic action." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 1-s (2019): 492–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i1-s.2395.

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The oral route is most familiar route as it has low cost of therapy and helps in the ease of administration of therapeutic agents which lead to high levels of patient compliance. The most known oral solid dosage forms are tablets and capsules. Many patients’ particularly pediatric and geriatric patients find it difficult to swallow tablets and hard gelatin capsules and do not take their medicines as prescribed. Difficulty in swallowing or dysphagia is identified to afflict nearly 35% of the general population. To reduce these difficulties, the growth of several fast dissolving drug delivery sy
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V. Jain, Dr Bharat, Dr Sandip R. Pawar, Dr Tanvir Y. Shaikh, and Dr Md Rageeb Md. Usman. "Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Oral Thin Film." Natural Volatiles & Essential Oils 7, no. 1 (2022): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555//nveo.v7i1.5572.

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Sayed, Adnanulhaque M., Abhijeet D. Kulkarni, Pooja U. Pardeshi, Chinmay R. Kapile, and Akshay D. Nehe. "Oral Fast Disintegrating Films of Phytochemicals: A Novel Drug Delivery System." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 12, no. 3 (2022): 226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i3.5418.

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Oral fast disintegrating films (OFDFs) have been developed as a viable alternative to conventional oral solid dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, and syrups for patients who struggle consuming them. OFDFs are thin strips that disintegrate or dissolve rapidly when placed in the oral cavity, allowing quick onset of action. These films are prepared by incorporating active pharmaceutical ingredients with film-forming polymers and other ingredients. OFDFs are also developed by incorporating active constituents present in phytochemicals such as flavonoids and polyphenols. In recent years, resear
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Ou, Keng-Liang, Li-Hsiang Lin, Hsi-Jen Chiang, Han-Yi Cheng, Shyuan-Yow Chen, and Chiung-Fang Huang. "A Potential Solution to Minimally Invasive Device for Oral Surgery: Evaluation of Surgical Outcomes in Rat." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/481854.

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The objective of the present research was to investigate the thermal injury in the brain after minimally invasive electrosurgery using instruments with copper-doped diamond-like carbon (DLC-Cu) surface coating. The surface morphologies of DLC-Cu thin films were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Three-dimensional brain models were reconstructed using magnetic resonance imaging to simulate the electrosurgical operation. In adult rats, a monopolar electrosurgical instrument coated with the DLC-Cu thin film was used to generate lesions in the brain. Anim
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Avni P, Desai. "An Overview of Oral Thin Film Drug Delivery Systems with Fast Dissolving Films." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine 8, no. 8 (2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2023.v08i08.001.

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Fast-dissolving oral thin films (OTFs), rather than tablets, are the product of choice for many pharmaceutical businesses. The benefits of tablets (precise dose, simple administration) and liquid dosage forms (easily swallowed, quick bioavailability) are all present in films. Four out of five patients, according to statistics, prefer orally disintegrating dose forms over traditional solid oral dosage forms. Children, the elderly, people who are bedridden, people who are emetic, and those who have CNS illnesses have trouble swallowing or digesting solid dose forms. Many of these individuals ref
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Patil, Pallavi C., S. K. Shrivastava, Vaidehi S., and Ashwini P. "ORAL FAST DISSOLVING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A MODERN APPROACH FOR PATIENT COMPLIANCE." International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs 2, no. 2 (2018): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijdra.v2i2.131.

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This review represents importance of mouth dissolving films as compared to other oral dosage forms. Fast dissolving oral drug delivery system are solid dosage form which disintegrate or dissolve within seconds when placed in the mouth without need of water or chewing. First developed fast dissolving dosage form in formulation and the rapid disintegrating properties were obtained through a special procedure or formulation modification, hence mouth dissolving film is proved to be better alternative in such cases. This fast dissolving drug delivery system is suited for the drugs which undergo hig
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Duong, Thuan Thi, Antti Isomäki, Urve Paaver, et al. "Nanoformulation and Evaluation of Oral Berberine-Loaded Liposomes." Molecules 26, no. 9 (2021): 2591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092591.

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Berberine (BBR) is a poorly water-soluble quaternary isoquinoline alkaloid of plant origin with potential uses in the drug therapy of hypercholesterolemia. To tackle the limitations associated with the oral therapeutic use of BBR (such as a first-pass metabolism and poor absorption), BBR-loaded liposomes were fabricated by ethanol-injection and thin-film hydration methods. The size and size distribution, polydispersity index (PDI), solid-state properties, entrapment efficiency (EE) and in vitro drug release of liposomes were investigated. The BBR-loaded liposomes prepared by ethanol-injection
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Rajagopalan, Senthamarai, Dinesh Rajendhiran, Ismail Abdulrahim Mohamed, and Shakila Banu Sherbudeen. "Fast dissolving oral thin films: an innovative herbal drug delivery system." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 12, no. 8 (2024): 3085–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20242250.

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Fast-dissolving drug delivery systems were first developed as an alternative to common dosage forms in the late 1970s. The oral thin film is an innovative drug administration approach based on transdermal patch technology. These systems consist of solid dosage forms that dissolve and disintegrate quickly in the mouth without the need for water. Oral thin films (OTFs) and oral disintegrating tablets (ODTs) are two types of fast-acting pharmaceutical delivery methods. ODTs are "A solid dosage form containing medicinal substances, which disintegrates rapidly, usually within a matter of seconds, w
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Karan Kumar, Mayank Bansal, Firoz Khan, Vikas Agarwal, and Sunil Sain. "Formulate and Evaluate, Fast Dissolving thin Film of Metoprolol Succinate." Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research 12, no. 3 (2023): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32553/jbpr.v12i3.1000.

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Objective: Metoprolol succinate, which is used to treat cardiovascular disorders, is a strong beta-1 adrenoreceptor blocker with cardio-selective effect but is heavily metabolised in the liver during the first pass. Our goal is to minimise hypertension by creating a film of metoprolol succinate that dissolves quickly.&#x0D; Methods: Metoprolol succinate films that dissolve in the mouth were made utilising a solvent casting technique. HPMC E5 was used as the film-forming agent, PEG400 was used as the plasticizer, and honey was included as the film-modifying agent in the final formulation. HPMC
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Constantin, Marieta, Mihail Lupei, Sanda-Maria Bucatariu, et al. "PVA/Chitosan Thin Films Containing Silver Nanoparticles and Ibuprofen for the Treatment of Periodontal Disease." Polymers 15, no. 1 (2022): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15010004.

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Local delivery of drugs or antimicrobial agents is a suitable approach in the management of periodontitis when the infection is localized deep in the pockets and does not adequately respond to mechanical debridement and/or systemic antibiotic treatment. In this context, the objective of this study was to prepare new biocomposite films with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and good mechanical properties to be applied in periodontal pockets. The composite film is eco-friendly synthesized from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) cross-linked with oxidized chitosan (OxCS). Silver nanoparticles (AgNps) were
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Akter, Sayeda Mushfika, Sreebash Chandra Bhowmik, Marzia Alam, Saimon Shahriar, Tanoy Saha, and Md Saiful Islam Pathan. "Formulation and Estimation of Rapidly Dissolving Sublingual Thin Film of Vildagliptin." Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 26, no. 2 (2023): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v26i2.67811.

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The purpose of the present research was to develop a fast and rapidly dissolving polymeric sublingual thin film of vildagliptin due to its simplicity of use as an alternative to oral disintegrating tablets and better compliance for diabetic patients. Nine different formulations (F1-F9) of vildagliptin sublingual films were produced using diverse concentrations of polymer A and plasticizer B by solvent casting method. Several physicochemical properties, including morphological properties, weight variation test, film thickness, folding endurance, surface pH, percentage of moisture loss, in-vitro
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Loveleen, Arora* Tanushree Chakraborty. "A REVIEW ON NEW GENERATION ORODISPERSIBLE FILMS AND ITS NOVEL APPROACHES." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH 07, no. 01 (2017): 7451–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1007035.

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The oral route is the safest and marketable route for the administration of therapeutic agents for the use of human as well as the veterinary. Pharmaceutical scientists throughout the world are inspecting Orodispersible films (ODFs) as an innovative drug delivery tool. Orodispersible films are now a days are recognized as an alternative approach to conventional dosage form. These thin oral films containing API have ability to releases the drug quickly for both systemic and local action via oral or, sublingual routes. The design of an effective orodispersible film requires an encyclopedic knowl
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Siddhesh, Gawari* S. R. Ghodake. "Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Film of Lisinopril." International Journal of Scientific Research and Technology 2, no. 4 (2025): 664–89. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15304422.

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"An ultra-thin film containing an active ingredient that dissolves or disintegrates in the saliva at aremarkably fast rate, within few seconds without the aid of water or chewing," is the definition ofa fast-dissolving oral film (FDOF). The most up-to-date oral solid dosage form is fast-dissolving oral films (FDOFs), which provide more comfort and flexibility. It improves the absorption of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) by dissolving them in saliva and allowing them to be swallowed without chewing or water. The oral mucosa is four to a thousand times more permeable than the epidermis
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36

R, Karthik D., H. S. Keerthy, and Rajkumar Prasad Yadav. "A Review on Fast Dissolving Oral Films." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 9, no. 3 (2021): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v9i3.969.

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Oral route are the most convenient and common route of administration of drug because of the low cost of therapy and ease of administration lead to high levels of patient compliance as in the form of tablets and capsules. Generally In some cases, the oral solid dosage form may become difficult especially in swallowing. So to overcome these problems, fast dissolving drug delivery systems have been developed which disintegrate or dissolve within one minute when placed in the mouth without water or chewing. These are the formulations administered without water. These thin sized oral film stripes
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37

Kaur, Prabhjot, and Rajeev Garg. "Oral dissolving film: present and future aspects." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 6 (2018): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i6.2050.

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Over the past few decades, tendency toward innovative drug delivery systems has almightily increased attempts to ensure efficacy, safety and patient acceptability. As discovery and development of new chemical agents is a complex, expensive and time consuming process, so recent trends are shifting toward designing and developing innovative drug delivery systems for existing drugs. Orally fast dissolving film is the kind of drug delivery system which when placed in the oral cavity, disintegrate or dissolve within a few seconds without the intake of water. Oral fast dissolving film is relatively
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38

Svajus, Asadauskas. "difference between 'forgiving' and 'less-forgiving' lubricants in thin film tests." Lube 145, no. 116 (2018): 30–36. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7543664.

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This is an invited article in a lubricant industry magazine about a thin film test method to differentiate between lubricants.&nbsp; The magazine decided to offer the invitation after attending the original presentation at Technische Akademie Esslingen conference &ldquo;Long-term Degradation of Thin Films of Engine Oils and Hydraulic Fluids&rdquo; Dalia Bražinskienė, Antanas Strak&scaron;ys, Svajus Asadauskas * <em>Proceedings of 21st International Colloquium Tribology, Technische Akademie Esslingen,</em> ISBN-Nr. 978-3-94356323-8 &ldquo;Tribology &ndash; Industrial and Automotive Lubrication&
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Nair, Anroop B., Jigar Shah, Shery Jacob, et al. "Development of Mucoadhesive Buccal Film for Rizatriptan: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 5 (2021): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13050728.

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The reduced therapeutic efficacy of rizatriptan in migraine treatment is primarily due to low oral bioavailability and extensive first pass metabolism. The purpose of this investigation was to optimize the thin mucoadhesive buccal film of rizatriptan and assess the practicability of its development as a potential substitute for conventional migraine treatment. Buccal films (FR1–FR10) were fabricated by a conventional solvent casting method utilizing a combination of polymers (Proloc, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and Eudragit RS 100). Drug-loaded buccal films (F1–F4) were examined for mechanic
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Tooba, Arif Rana, Qasim Maria, Kalam Alfia, and Parveen Saba. "Administration of Fast Dissolving Oral Thin Film Orlistat drug via sublingual route instead of oral route." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 7, no. 5 (2022): 1691–706. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6825008.

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Patients with obesity are given orlistat (120) mg capsules three times a day by oral route of administration, although oral method of administration does not produce good and accurate outcomes. Aim: To see if giving orlistat in tablet form as a sublingual medication delivery mechanism is useful in treating obesity in patients. Densign and Setting: This article is based on past research and does not include any experiments involving humans or animals undertaken by any of the authors. Method: We use Google Scholar, Medline, PubMed, Research Gate, and Science Direct to retrieve scientific databas
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41

Prajapati, Bhupendra G., Priyanka Patel, and Dhiren Patel. "Mouth dissolving film as a potential dosage form for paediatric usage." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences 11, no. 2 (2024): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jpbs.2023.021.

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Drug delivery systems using thin films are being researched by the pharmaceutical industry. They're a diverse platform that can provide immediate, local, or systemic actions. Furthermore, these systems can be used independently, which is ideal for patients with dysphagia, elderly, pediatric, or bed-ridden patients, as well as those who may have difficulty consuming water. These drug delivery systems can be given by oral, buccal, sublingual, ocular and trans-dermal routes. This study explores mouth thin films in all of their characteristics from the current perspective, providing insight into t
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42

Rani, T. Neelima. "Formulation Development and Optimization of Oral Thin Films of Zolpidem Tartarate." Medical Science & Healthcare Practice 1, no. 1 (2017): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/mshp.v1n1p26.

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&lt;em&gt;The aim of the present study was to formulate and evaluate oral thin films of zolpidem tartarate. Zolpidem tartarateis used to treat insomnia. It affects chemicals in your brain that may become unbalanced and cause sleep problems (insomnia). Zolpidem tartarate oral thin films were prepared by using solvent casting method. In this method, water soluble polymer is completely dissolved in to form uniform clear viscous solution other ingredients including API are dissolved in a small portion of aqueous solvent by using a high shear processor. This viscous solution is degassed under the v
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43

Shivani, Honmode* Prakash katakam Jadhav S. B. "Comprehensive Review on Fast Mouth Dissolving Film As Novel Drug Delivery System." International Journal in Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 1 (2024): 124–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10477153.

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Fast mouth dissolving films are solid dosage types that, when placed in the mouth, dissolve or disintegrate over the course of a few seconds. They are not manufactured or palatable. Fast-dissolving films are becoming more popular as an alternative to quick-dissolving tablets in order to reduce patients' concerns about choking and to overcome patients' obstacles. A complex alternative to the traditional pills, capsules, and liquids often associated with prescription and over-the-counter drugs is the quickly disintegrating thin film. Thin film strips are often intended for oral administration, w
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Adrover, Alessandra, Gabriele Varani, Patrizia Paolicelli, et al. "Experimental and Modeling Study of Drug Release from HPMC-Based Erodible Oral Thin Films." Pharmaceutics 10, no. 4 (2018): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10040222.

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In this work hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) fast-dissolving thin films for oral administration are investigated. Furosemide (Class IV of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System) has been used as a model drug for in vitro release tests using three different set-ups: the Franz cell, the millifluidic flow-through device, and the paddle type dissolution apparatus (USP II). In order to enable drug incorporation within HPMC films, a multifunctional excipient, hydroxypropyl- β -cyclodextrin (HP- β -CD) has been included in the formulation, and the influence of HP- β -CD on film swelling, er
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45

Mohammed, Amal Abdullah, and Shaimaa Nazar Abd Alhammid. "Formulation and Characterization of Clozapine Nanosuspension as a Sublingual Film." Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 ) 6, no. 2 (2024): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v6i2.772.

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Background: Clozapine (CLZ) is a potent antipsychotic drug that suppresses the symptoms of schizophrenia and mania. Clozapine falls into Class II (BCS); its poor bioavailability is attributed to low water solubility and an extensive first-pass effect. Objective: To prepare CLZ as a nanosuspension (NS) to improve its low water solubility and load it into a sublingual film to enhance oral bioavailability. Methods: CLZ nanosuspensions are prepared by the “solvent anti-solvent precipitation” method using Soluplus as a stabilizing agent. We evaluated the polydispersity index (PDI) and the particle
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46

Burch, Paul W. "Receptivity, Simultaneity: The Thin Red Line as Ecological Cinematic Poesis." Film-Philosophy 26, no. 2 (2022): 242–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/film.2022.0197.

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I adapt Robert Sinnerbrink's notion of cinematic poesis by arguing that Terrence Malick's The Thin Red Line constitutes an example of ecological cinematic poesis: a style of filmmaking that works in concert with the limits and potentialities of the filmmaking as a medium. This cinematic bearing emerges in a new way following Malick's return to Hollywood, where a combination of factors spur the emergence of a radical Emersonian practice of cinematic receptivity. I draw on oral histories, and the film itself, to demonstrate how Malick's creative process consistently tends towards an ethos of pov
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47

Bhavana, Patil*1 Sandip Tadavi2 S. Patil3 Sunil Pawar4. "A Review on Mouth Dissolving Film." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 3 (2025): 1623–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15044503.

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A new medication administration method called "fast dissolving oral film" uses hydrophilic polymers to create an ultra-thin film that dissolves quickly on the tongue's or the buccal cavity's floor or top. It is a postage stamp-sized, ultrathin strip (50&ndash;150 microns thick) that contains an active ingredient and additional excipients and was created using transdermal patch technology. The film dissolves on the tongue in a matter of seconds after application, preventing first-pass metabolism and perhaps boosting the drug's bioavailability. Greater surface area accessibility causes fast sali
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48

Islam, Nayyer, Muhammad Irfan, Ameer Fawad Zahoor, et al. "Improved Bioavailability of Ebastine through Development of Transfersomal Oral Films." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 8 (2021): 1315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13081315.

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The main objective of this research work was the development and evaluation of transfersomes integrated oral films for the bioavailability enhancement of Ebastine (EBT) to treat allergic rhinitis. The flexible transfersomes, consisting of drug (EBT), lipid (Phosphatidylcholine) and edge activator (EA) Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate or Sorbitan monolaurate, were prepared with the conventional thin film hydration method. The developed transfersomes were further integrated into oral films using the solvent casting method. Transfersomes were evaluated for their size distribution, surface char
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49

Vinod, Bhendale* Trupti Kadam Rishikesh Bachhav. "Formulation Development and Evaluation of Mouth Dissolving Film of Ivabradine HCL." Int. J. in Pharm. Sci. 1, no. 8 (2023): 79–88. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8244885.

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Oral film is the latest technology in the production of oral disintegrating dosage forms. They are thin and elegant films of edible water-soluble polymers of various sizes and shapes (such as square, rectangular or disc). The stripes can be flexible or brittle, opaque or transparent. The present investigation was undertaken to formulate Ivabradine HCL oral films. For the treatment of hypertension. F1-F3 were carried out with HPMC E15 cps, PEG 400, sodium saccharin, citric acid and flavor. The films were clear and transparent. The thickness also uniform. The flexibility also good. The films sho
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50

Kumar, Raja Jayavarapu, Kumar Dassari Praveen, Bhavya Sai Kumari Malleli, and Saranya Yalam. "Formulation and evaluation of dosage form of fast dissolving oral film of Rofecoxib." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 19, no. 1 (2024): 371–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13789899.

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Rofecoxib is utilized for the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid joint inflammation, intense torment in grown-ups, and essential dysmenorrhea, just as intense therapy of headache assaults with or without emanations. Rofecoxib is strong. This compound has a place with the stilbenes. These are natural mixes containing a 1,2-diphenylethylene moiety. Stilbenes (C6-C2-C6 ) are acquired from the normal phenylpropene (C6-C3) skeleton building block. The presentation of at least one hydroxyl gathering to a phenyl ring leads to stilbenoids. Rofecoxib has a half-existence of 17 hours and its mean o
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