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Nur Alya Rahmah. "ANALISIS FORECASTING PENJUALAN GUNA MEMINIMALISIR KERUGIAN AKIBAT KEKURANGAN STOK MENGGUNAKAN METODE MOVA DAN WMA (STUDI KASUS PADA TOTAL BUAH SEGAR CABANG CIKARANG PENJUALAN JERUK WOKAM)." Jurnal Ekonomi STIEP 8, no. 2 (November 29, 2023): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.54526/jes.v8i2.155.
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In Indonesia, citrus fruits occupy the second level, which is the most consumed fruit with an average of 12.57 grams/capita/day. Lately the type of orange that is popular in Indonesia is wokam orange. Wokam oranges are citrus fruits imported from China. This type of orange can only be found in large fruit stores or supermarkets. Total Buah Segar is a large fruit shop that has several branches, one of which is Total Buah Segar Cikarang branch. Total Buah Segar Cikarang branch sells a variety of quality fruits, one of which is the popular wokam orange. Of course, its popularity can also cause problems in terms of stock inventory, namely there is often a shortage of wokam orange stock in Total Buah Segar Cikarang branch. Therefore, the management of Total Buah Segar Cikarang branch needs a sales forecast in order to determine the supply of wokam oranges in order to meet consumer demand. The method used in this study is a quantitative descriptive method. The calculation of forecasting the sales of wokam oranges uses the MOVA and WMA methods. Precise forecasting results are obtained, namely the WMA method from determining the smallest MAD, MSE, and MAPE values. So that Total Buah Segar Cikarang branch can consider the results of forecasting to make decisions regarding the supply of wokam oranges in the future.
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Vipriyanti, Nyoman Utari, I. Ketut Arnawa, and Anita Anul. "Karakteristik dan Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keputusan Konsumen dalam Pembelian Buah Jeruk Lokal dan Impor di Denpasar Bali." JIA (Jurnal Ilmiah Agribisnis) : Jurnal Agribisnis dan Ilmu Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian 8, no. 5 (October 26, 2023): 392–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.37149/jia.v8i5.644.
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Recently, imported oranges have dominated Bali's local market, leading to low demand for local oranges because both oranges have different tastes, colors, and sizes. Research about the demand rate of local oranges in traditional markets is abundant. However, analysis that compares local and imported oranges' characteristics and supermarket consumer preferences is still lacking. This study aimed to determine (1) consumer preferences for the attributes of local and imported oranges in supermarkets in Denpasar City and (2) Factors that affected consumer decisions in buying local and imported oranges. The location of this study was determined purposively at four modern markets in Denpasar City with 100 respondents. The results showed that (1) Most consumers of oranges (68 percent) in the contemporary market are women, with 79 percent preferring to buy local oranges and only 21 percent preferring to buy imported oranges. In contrast, male consumers prefer imported oranges (69 percent), and only 31 percent prefer local oranges. This illustrates that female consumers tend to buy household needs and play a more significant role in making purchasing decisions for daily needs, including the demand for fruit. Consumers who bought oranges fruits were dominated by women, with a majority of the productive age range between 20 and 30 years (38%). Cumulative preference showed that local oranges were in the strongly like category. At the same time, imported oranges were in the neutral type only. (2) The attributes of local orange and imported oranges, such as taste, color, and texture, significantly influence consumer decisions in buying local and imported oranges. This study only emphasizes five attributes of orange without considering household income, ethnicity, and culture inside the model.
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Byard, Kevin. "Oranges aren't the only fruit. Ask a Gardner." Education 3-13 32, no. 1 (March 2004): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03004270485200031.
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Tamba, I. Made. "Kajian Buah-Buahan Lokal Unggulan Provinsi Bali dan Potensi Dinamisnya." JIA (Jurnal Ilmiah Agribisnis) : Jurnal Agribisnis dan Ilmu Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian 9, no. 2 (April 30, 2023): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37149/jia.v9i2.1117.
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Bali Province is an area rich in types and varieties of fruit, which must be preserved and promoted sustainably for the community's prosperity. This research aims to (1) analyze superior local fruit in Bali Province and (2) estimate local Balinese fruit that has the potential to become superior fruit or which will be degraded to become non-primed fruit in the future. The fruit production data used as the basis for information in this research is the average production for 2017 to 2023 obtained from Bali Province in Figures 2017–2023 BPS - Statistics Indonesia. LQ analysis is used to analyze superior local Balinese fruit. In contrast, a combination of LQ analysis and LQ growth rate analysis is used to estimate the potential superior fruit of local Balinese fruit in the future. This research showed five types of superior fruit in Bali Province: Siamese oranges, mangosteens, bananas, salacca, and sapodilla. It has been identified that only two types of local fruit will remain Bali's superior fruit in the future, namely mangosteen and salacca. At the same time, Siamese oranges, bananas, and sapodilla are local Balinese fruits indicated to be relegated to non-prime fruit. Water guava, big orange, and soursop are local Balinese fruits promise to become Bali's leading fruit in the future. Based on the results of this research, it is recommended that local Balinese fruits be preserved and even developed sustainably through various multi-party intervention and collaboration programs to provide stimulation so that local Balinese fruits remain strong and growing.
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Giménez-Sanchis, Adrián, Kui Zhong, Aurora Pintor, Vittorio Farina, and Cristina Besada. "Understanding Blood versus Blond Orange Consumption: A Cross-Cultural Study in Four Countries." Foods 11, no. 17 (September 2, 2022): 2686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11172686.
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Understanding consumer perceptions and attitudes to specific fruit is key information for not only increasing fruit consumption, but also for marketing reasons. It may also give clues to breeders to set quality objectives. This study explores different aspects that help to explain blood vs. blond orange consumption: availability and consumption habit, satisfaction attributes, facilitators and consumption barriers, consumption contexts, expectations and purchase intention. The study was conducted in China, Mexico, Spain and Italy, where citrus fruit consumers were invited to respond an online questionnaire. Our results revealed Italy as the country with the highest availability and consumption of blood oranges, followed by China, Mexico and Spain. “Liking” and “healthy properties” were the most important reasons for consumption irrespectively of orange type, but certain differences among countries were detected in secondary reasons. In all the countries, “juicy” was the most relevant attribute for consumer satisfaction, followed by flavour/taste attributes. “Aromatic” and “unfibrous” were substantial requirements for Italians and Chinese, while Spaniards attached importance to the blood oranges colour. Regarding consumption contexts, “eat with salt or chilly powder” was specific for Mexico, while “to improve health”, “as a gift” or “at a restaurant” were contexts mainly cited in China. Despite taste preferences for other fruit being the main consumption barrier in all the countries for both orange types, the relevance of other barriers depended on culture and orange type. Mexican participants seemed to take a more neophobic attitude to blood oranges, while “inconvenient” was reported as a barrier for consuming blond ones in Spain and China. We conclude that blond and blood oranges can co-exist on markets at a high consumption rate, as in Italy. Specific interventions are needed in other countries because consumer attitudes to oranges, mainly blood ones, depend on culture.
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Ramos, Yuri Caires, André Luiz Fadel, Horst Bremer Neto, Marina Maitto Caputo, Eduardo Sanches Stuchi, and Francisco de Assis Alves Mourão Filho. "Mid-season sweet oranges for fresh and processing markets in Brazil." Experimental Agriculture 57, no. 1 (February 2021): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479721000016.
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AbstractPera sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) is the most important mid-season sweet orange cultivar in Brazil, not only because of its desirable fruit quality for both juice processing and the fresh fruit market, but also because there is a lack of adequate mid-season alternative sweet orange cultivars. This study aimed to evaluate the horticultural performance of other sweet oranges in an attempt to identify similar or superior selections to the standard cultivar, Pera IAC sweet orange. Seventeen sweet oranges selections, including the standard Pera IAC, were budded on Sunki mandarin [C. sunki (Hayata) hort. ex Tanaka]. The experiment was planted in 2007, using 12-month-old nursery trees, with 6.5 × 2.5 m spacing in the Southern region of São Paulo state, Brazil. The experimental orchard was maintained with standard commercial management practices, and without supplementary irrigation. Data collection started three years after planting and was carried out until seven years after the experiment had been installed. Vegetative growth, plant yield, fruit drop, fruit quality, and fruit maturation regressions were assessed. Averages of the alternative selections were compared with those of the standard cultivar by Dunnett test. Performance indexes were calculated in order to identify potential superior selections for the fresh fruit market and for juice processing. Results indicated significant differences among the selections evaluated when compared with the standard cultivar, suggesting better alternatives to be exploited. Five selections (Biondo, Finike, Pera Alexandre Maróstica, Seleta Rio, and Vaccaro Blood) offered superior performance in terms of attributes required for the fresh fruit market, while one selection (Pera Alexandre Maróstica) was superior for juice processing traits. These alternatives to Pera IAC represent an opportunity for more efficient and productive scions with higher fruit quality, and with a slight shift within the mid-season harvest time of sweet oranges in Brazil.
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Bai, Jinhe, Elizabeth Baldwin, Jack Hearn, Randy Driggers, and Ed Stover. "Volatile and Nonvolatile Flavor Chemical Evaluation of USDA Orange–Mandarin Hybrids for Comparison to Sweet Orange and Mandarin Fruit." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 141, no. 4 (July 2016): 339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.141.4.339.
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Three citrus hybrids, containing 50% to 75% sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) genome in their pedigrees and similar to sweet orange in fruit size, color, and taste, were tested for their potential to be classified as new “sweet orange” cultivars. ‘Hamlin’, ‘Midsweet’, and three other early to midseason sweet oranges, along with ‘Dancy’ tangerine (Citrus reticulata), a typical mandarin, were used for comparison. Fruit were picked on 23 Jan. 2014, 30 Dec. 2014, and 27 Jan. 2015. A total of 114 volatiles were detected and separated into seven groups by detection frequency: three groups with 43 volatile components did not show differences and thus contributed little information for classification of sweet orange vs. mandarin, and the remaining four groups with 71 volatiles contributed to distinctions between orange and mandarin. Among the hybrids, the pattern of volatile detection frequency for hybrid FF-1-74-52 was virtually identical to sweet orange, and cluster analysis agreed with the classification. The number of average peaks were 55 to 62 in sweet oranges, 67 in FF-1-74-52, and 17 to 37 in tangerine and other hybrids. Quantity analysis of individual volatiles and chemical classes indicated that FF-1-74-52 and sweet oranges were rich in total volatile abundance, and almost all chemical classes including mono and sesquiterpenes, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, and esters. This was especially true for ethyl butanoate, which contributes a fruity top note, and valencene and all sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, which only contribute to citrus flavor indirectly through their contribution to headspace partitioning. Two other hybrids, FF-1-75-55 and FF-1-76-51, each had some similarity to sweet oranges in several chemicals and classes, but not in the overall volatile profile. All three sweet orange–like hybrids met the standards for mandarins and oranges in soluble solids content, titratable acidity (TA), and the ratio. The above volatile and nonvolatile flavor chemical profile comparisons strongly support a proposal to classify FF-1-74-52 as a “sweet orange” commercially, and all three hybrids were previously shown to be more similar to sweet orange in their volatile profile than is ‘Ambersweet’. ‘Ambersweet’ was a hybrid that was legally classified as a “sweet orange” in 1995 based on its volatile profile.
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Goforth, Madison, Margarethe A. Cooper, Andrew S. Oliver, Janneth Pinzon, Mariya Skots, Victoria Obergh, Trevor V. Suslow, et al. "Bacterial community shifts of commercial apples, oranges, and peaches at different harvest points across multiple growing seasons." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (April 16, 2024): e0297453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297453.
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Assessing the microbes present on tree fruit carpospheres as the fruit enters postharvest processing could have useful applications, as these microbes could have a major influence on spoilage, food safety, verification of packing process controls, or other aspects of processing. The goal of this study was to establish a baseline profile of bacterial communities associated with apple (pome fruit), peach (stone fruit), and Navel orange (citrus fruit) at harvest. We found that commercial peaches had the greatest bacterial richness followed by oranges then apples. Time of harvest significantly changed bacterial diversity in oranges and peaches, but not apples. Shifts in diversity varied by fruit type, where 70% of the variability in beta diversity on the apple carposphere was driven by the gain and loss of species (i.e., nestedness). The peach and orange carposphere bacterial community shifts were driven by nearly an even split between turnover (species replacement) and nestedness. We identified a small core microbiome for apples across and between growing seasons that included only Methylobacteriaceae and Sphingomonadaceae among the samples, while peaches had a larger core microbiome composed of five bacterial families: Bacillaceae, Geodermtophilaceae, Nocardioidaceae, Micrococcaeceae, and Trueperaceae. There was a relatively diverse core microbiome for oranges that shared all the families present on apples and peaches, except for Trueperaceae, but also included an additional nine bacterial families not shared including Oxalobacteraceae, Cytophagaceae, and Comamonadaceae. Overall, our findings illustrate the important temporal dynamics of bacterial communities found on major commercial tree fruit, but also the core bacterial families that constantly remain with both implications being important entering postharvest packing and processing.
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Mcquate, Grant T., Peter A. Follett, Nicanor J. Liquido, and Charmaine D. Sylva. "Assessment of Navel Oranges, Clementine Tangerines, and Rutaceous Fruits as Hosts of Bactrocera cucurbitae and Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae)." International Journal of Insect Science 7 (January 2015): IJIS.S20069. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/ijis.s20069.
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Export of Citrus spp. fruits may require risk mitigation measures if grown in areas with established tephritid fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations capable of infesting the fruits. The host status of Citrus spp. fruits is unclear for two tephritid fruit fly species whose geographic ranges have expanded in recent years: melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Cocquillett), and Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel). In no choice cage infestation studies, B. latifrons oviposited into intact and punctured Washington navel oranges ( Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck) and Clementine tangerines ( C. reticulata L. var. Clementine), but eggs rarely developed to the adult stage. B. cucurbitae readily infested intact and punctured tangerines, and to a lesser extent punctured oranges, but did not infest intact oranges. Limited cage infestation and only a single literature report of field Citrus spp. infestation suggest that risk mitigation of Citrus spp. for B. latifrons is not needed. Risk mitigation options of Citrus spp. for B. cucurbitae, including heat and cold treatments and systems approaches, are discussed.
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Arruda, Maria Cecília de, Angelo Pedro Jacomino, Ana Luíza Pinheiro, Rafael Vasconcelos Ribeiro, Michelle Antonio Lochoski, and Raquel Capistrano Moreira. "Hydrothermal treatment favors peeling of 'Pera' sweet orange fruit and does not alter quality." Scientia Agricola 65, no. 2 (April 2008): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162008000200007.
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Consumer demand for ready-to-eat-products has stimulated the development of new processing techniques to prepare fresh-cut fruit and vegetables. The aim of this study was to propose a peeling method for 'Pera' oranges (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osb.) by using a hydrothermal treatment and to determine its influence on the respiratory activity, physicochemical and sensorial characteristics, as well as on the peeling time. Cooled oranges (6ºC) were immersed in heated water (50ºC) for eight minutes and then, peeled and stored at 6ºC. The internal fruit temperatures taken at 1 and 3 cm depths (from fruit surface) were 15ºC and 10ºC, respectively, at the end of the hydrothermal treatment. Non-hydrothermally-treated peeled oranges were used as control. The peeling time for treated oranges was 3.2 times as short as the time used for the control. The yield of marketable oranges was 95% for hydrothermally-treated oranges versus 60% for control. The respiratory activity of hydrothermally-treated oranges was greater than that of control oranges only during the first hour after peeling. The hydrothermal treatment influenced neither the physicochemical quality (given by soluble solids, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid content) nor fruit flavor. Oranges peeled with the aid of the hydrothermal treatment had better appearance. The hydrothermal treatment makes the peeling of oranges easier and does not affect their respiratory activity or their physicochemical and sensorial qualities.
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D'hallewin, Guy, Mario Schirra, Enzo Manueddu, Antonio Piga, and Shimshon Ben-Yehoshua. "Scoparone and Scopoletin Accumulation and Ultraviolet-C Induced Resistance to Postharvest Decay in Oranges as Influenced by Harvest Date." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 124, no. 6 (November 1999): 702–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.124.6.702.
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`Washington Navel', `Biondo Comune', `Tarocco', and `Valencia Late' orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Obsek] fruit, harvested at various periods of time, were subjected to ultraviolet-C (UV-C) irradiation at 0.5, 1.5, or 3.0 kJ·m-2 doses and then stored at 7 °C and 90% to 95% relative humidity (RH) for 4 weeks plus one additional week at 20 °C and 80% RH. Following UV-C treatment, there was varying amounts of rind browning and necrotic peel damage, depending on cultivar, treatment dose, and harvest date. `Tarocco' fruit were damaged more easily by UV-C treatment than the other cultivars. `Valencia L.' were the most resistant to UV-C irradiation, showing no adverse effects at the lowest dosage and having the lowest percentages of damaged fruit at higher dosages. `Washington Navel' and `Biondo Comune' oranges showed an intermediate susceptibility to UV-C treatment, with negligible differences between these cultivars. The percentage of damaged fruit after irradiation at the higher UV-C dosages decreased in most fruit samples as the season progressed. UV-C irradiation at 0.5 kJ·m-2 effectively reduced decay development compared with nontreated fruit. Irradiation with 1.5 kJ·m-2 was more effective compared with 0.5 kJ·m-2 only in early harvested fruit. In `Washington Navel' and `Biondo Comune' oranges in the later harvests, treatment with 3.0 kJ·m-2 improved decay control further, compared with 0.5 kJ·m-2. Following UV-C treatments the phytoalexins, scoparone and scopoletin, accumulated in flavedo tissue depending on the cultivar, fruit age, and UV-C treatment. Both phytoalexins displayed a similar accumulation pattern, however, the levels of scopoletin were very low compared with scoparone. Concentrations of phytoalexins rose as the irradiation dose increased. No scoparone and scopoletin could be detected in nontreated fruit. The highest concentration of phytoalexins among cultivars was recorded in `Valencia Late' oranges, the lowest in `Tarocco', with similar intermediate accumulations in `Washington Navel' and `Biondo Comune'. In `Washington Navel', `Biondo Comune', and `Tarocco' oranges, the rate of scoparone accumulation was significantly higher in fruit harvested earlier in the season while `Valencia late' oranges exhibited an opposite trend.
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Bijon, Béatrice. "Voices under Water: Jeanette Winterson's Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit." Études anglaises 61, no. 3 (2008): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/etan.613.0320.
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Carmona, Lourdes, Maria Sulli, Gianfranco Diretto, Berta Alquézar, Mónica Alves, and Leandro Peña. "Improvement of Antioxidant Properties in Fruit from Two Blood and Blond Orange Cultivars by Postharvest Storage at Low Temperature." Antioxidants 11, no. 3 (March 14, 2022): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11030547.
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Numerous studies have revealed the remarkable health-promoting activities of citrus fruits, all of them related to the accumulation of bioactive compounds, including vitamins and phytonutrients. Anthocyanins are characteristic flavonoids present in blood orange, which require low-temperature for their production. Storage at low-temperature of blood oranges has been proven to be a feasible postharvest strategy to increase anthocyanins in those countries with warm climates. To our knowledge, no studies comparing the effect of postharvest storage effect on phenylpropanoid accumulation in cultivars with and without anthocyanins production have been published. We have investigated the effect of postharvest cold storage in flavonoid accumulation in juice from Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck in two different oranges: Pera, a blond cultivar, and Moro, a blood one. Our findings indicate a different response to low-temperature of fruit from both cultivars at biochemical and molecular levels. Little changes were observed in Pera before and after storage, while a higher production of phenylpropanoids (3.3-fold higher) and flavonoids (1.4-fold higher), including a rise in anthocyanins from 1.3 ± 0.7 mg/L to 60.0 ± 9.4 mg/L was observed in Moro concurrent with an upregulation of the biosynthetic genes across the biosynthetic pathway. We show that postharvest storage enhances not only anthocyanins but also other flavonoids accumulation in blood oranges (but not in blond ones), further stimulating the interest in blood orange types in antioxidant-rich diets.
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Wibowo, Ari, Lusiana Lusiana, and Tika Kartika Dewi. "Implementasi Algoritma Deep Learning You Only Look Once (YOLOv5) Untuk Deteksi Buah Segar Dan Busuk." Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian 11, no. 1 (March 28, 2023): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/paspalum.v11i1.489.
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Fruit is one of the nutritional needs for the body that must be met. But with a note, these nutrients will be obtained from fruit that is still fresh. The definition of fresh fruit itself is fruit that can be consumed directly and does not require any further processing. There are many ways to select and differentiate between fresh fruit and bad fruit and in general direct observations can be made. But over time, there are several other ways to observe fruit freshness using existing technology. Where one of them is by optimizing deep learning and machine learning. This detection and classification system was created using a deep learning method using the YOLOv5 algorithm which can detect in real-time the types of apples, bananas and oranges. We use image datasets for each of these fruits for fresh fruit and rotten fruit, a total of 1200 images for train data and 330 images for validation data and 6 images for test data. Based on the tests that have been carried out with training data, along with validation data, and test data using the YOLOv5 algorithm, it can be concluded that this detection method can recognize objects consistently with a high degree of accuracy. This can be proven at the level of accuracy which reaches an accuracy rate of 90%.
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Hu, Linping, Can Yang, Lina Zhang, Jing Feng, and Wanpeng Xi. "Effect of Light-Emitting Diodes and Ultraviolet Irradiation on the Soluble Sugar, Organic Acid, and Carotenoid Content of Postharvest Sweet Oranges (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck)." Molecules 24, no. 19 (September 22, 2019): 3440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193440.
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Mature ‘Hamlin’ sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) were irradiated using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and ultraviolet (UV) light for six days after harvest. Based on evaluation of the basic ripening parameters of fruits, the contents of soluble sugars, organic acids, and carotenoids were analyzed (in pulps) on the sixth day by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that LED and UV irradiation not only accelerated orange ripening but also caused significant changes in the soluble sugar, organic acid, and carotenoid content. Compared with fruit subjected to dark shade (DS) treatment, the total soluble sugar, fructose, and glucose contents increased significantly in UV-treated (UVA, UVB, and UVC) fruits, while the sucrose content increased remarkably in white light, UVB, and UVC-treated fruits (p < 0.05). UV treatment was associated with inducing the largest effect on the total soluble sugar content. Except for UVB, other types of light notably induced an accumulation of the total organic acid content, none but blue light and red light markedly induced citric acid accumulation (p < 0.05). Interestingly, only the red light and dark shade treatments had markedly positive effects in terms of inducing carotenoid accumulation, including the total carotenoid, isolutein, zeaxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, all-trans-violaxanthin, phytofluene, cis-ζ-carotene, and β-carotene concentrations. Other light treatments had significantly negative effects on carotenoid accumulation (p < 0.05). Therefore, soluble sugar, organic acid, and carotenoid accumulation in sweet oranges vary depending on the levels of UV and LED irradiation. Appropriate light irradiation is a potentially effective way to maintain or improve postharvest fruit quality.
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Morera, Lucía. "THE LESBIAN BILDUNGSROMAN: THE PROCESS OF SELF-DISCOVERY IN JEANETTE WINTERSON’S ORANGES ARE NOT THE ONLY FRUIT (1985)." RAUDEM. Revista de Estudios de las Mujeres 2 (May 22, 2017): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/raudem.v2i0.601.
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Debido a la proliferación de editoriales de carácter feminista, a finales de los años ochenta muchos colectivos de mujeres lograron finalmente visibilidad gracias a la literatura postmoderna. Autoras feministas y lesbianas como Jeanette Winterson utilizaron la escritura como un marco artístico donde exponer sus propios procesos de identificación e individualización al rebelarse contra la feminidad heterosexual y normativa impuesta por la sociedad. El objetivo de este artículo es ilustrar como la novela de Winterson Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit (1985) reelabora el concepto original de la novela de aprendizaje y desarrolla una perspectiva lésbica de la novela de formación.Palabras clave: lésbico, Bildungsroman, identidad, homosexual, autobiográfico, autodescubrimiento, Winterson, postmodernismo. The Lesbian Bildungsroman: The Process of Self-discovery in Jeanette Winteson’s Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit (1985)Abstract: Due to the proliferation of feminist publishing houses, such as Pandora Press or Virago, during the late eighties many oppressed female groups finally achieved visibility by means of postmodern literature. Female lesbian and feminist authors, like Jeanette Winterson, used their texts as an artistic framework in which they described their own processes of identification and individuation while rebelling against normative heterosexual femininity as imposed in Western societies. The aim of this paper is to illustrate how Winterson’s novel Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit (1985) reworked the original genre of the “coming-out” novel and developed the concept and practice of the “lesbian Bildungsroman”.Keywords: lesbian, Bildungsroman, identity, homosexual, autobiographical, self-discovery, Winterson, postmodernism.
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OZTURK YAGCİ, Dilek. "Crossing the Borders of the Genre and Gender: Jeanette Winterson’s Redefinition of the Bildungsroman in Oranges are Not the Only Fruit." fe dergi feminist ele 14, no. 2 (December 15, 2022): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.46655/federgi.1151781.
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This study focuses on the appropriation of the Bildungsroman genre in Jeanette Winterson’s first book Oranges are Not the Only Fruit (1985), a novel which is often referred to as the fictionalization of the author’s upbringing. The novel traces the coming out story of the lesbian protagonist Jeanette who struggles to live in a fundamentalist evangelical community that fails to embrace Jeanette’s sexual orientation and denounces it as “unnatural passions.” This conflict on (sexual)identity between the protagonist and society, the main feature of the traditional Bildungsroman genre, is represented as the core element of Oranges are Not the Only Fruit. In the novel, strictly religious public space constantly works towards constructing Jeanette’s identity defining the limits of normal and natural for her. However, Jeanette tries to deconstruct and reconstruct that given identity and attain subjectivity by discovering her sexuality and creating a homespace for herself amidst possibilities. Like Jeanette who rejects heteronormativity and rewrites her own story, Winterson challenges the normativity of Bildung narratives and pushes the boundaries of the Bildungsroman for redefinition. For all these reasons, drawing on Jeanette’s Becoming within the dynamics of her social space, this study aims at discussing Jeanette Winterson’s subversion of the classical male-centred narratives of selfdevelopment and her revision of the Bildungsroman within a feminist framework in Oranges are Not the Only Fruit.
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김경희. "‘Sexing’ the Bible in Jeanette Winterson’s Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit." New Korean Journal of English Lnaguage & Literature 55, no. 1 (February 2013): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25151/nkje.2013.55.1.001.
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Pao, Steven, Peter D. Petracek, and G. Eldon Brown. "Effects of Enzyme Infusion on The Processing and Storage Quality of Peeled Citrus." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 804D—804. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.804d.
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An enzymatic peeling process is currently used to produce peeled citrus fruit that are convenient for consumption. By this process, fruit are scored and infused with pectinase or pectinase and cellulase solution and are incubated at 20 to 45C for 0.5 to 2 h. While enzyme solution apparently weakens of the albedo and thus improves separation of the fruit from its peel, we expect that enzyme infused into the flesh reduces storage quality. In these studies, fruit were vacuum- or pressure-infused with or without pectinase in water. The time required to peel white `Marsh' and `Ruby Red' grapefruit infused with solution containing enzyme were only 10% to 20% less than for fruit infused with water alone. `Hamlin' orange and `Orlando' tangelo peeling times were not improved by enzyme treatment. This suggests that water is the primary operative component of the enzyme solution and that the enzyme is an active, but nonessential, supplement. For white grapefruit and oranges stored at 5, 10, 15, or 25C, nonenzyme-treated fruit had significantly less juice leakage than enzyme-treated fruit. For example, 0.2% and 5.0% of the peeled fruit weight was lost by non-enzymatically and enzymatically peeled fruit, respectively, for vacuum-infused oranges stored at 5C for 7 days. Moreover, the enzyme treatment significantly reduced firmness, as determined by a sensory panel. Microbial levels and rates of respiration and ethylene emanation during storage were not significantly affected by enzyme treatment. Similar results were found for vacuum- and pressure-infused fruit.
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O'Connell, N. V., G. P. Walker, D. L. Flaherty, and J. E. Pehrson. "Control of Yellow Scale on Oranges, 1988." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 16, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 48–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/16.1.48a.
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Abstract A randomized complete block experiment with 11 single-tree replicates and 8 treatments was conducted in a commercial field of mature Valencia orange trees near Porterville, Calif. The experiment was focused on yellow scale, but California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), is also very common in the Porterville area and is very difficult to distinguish from yellow scale in the field. TJierefore, all sampling refers to “scale insects,” which probably includes both species. However, several criteria indicated that yellow scale was the predominant species: 1) pheromone traps, 2) the relative lack of scale on twigs (yellow scale infests only leaves and fruit while red scale infests twigs, leaves, and fruit), 3) a preliminary sample from this field in 1987 of scale that were slide mounted for positive identification, and 4) the general appearance of the scale when sampling was conducted in this study (although individual scales are difficult to positively identify as yellow or red scale in the field because their range of body color overlaps between the two species, the “average color” differs between the two species so that populations of scale can be judged to be predominantly red or yellow scale). The 88 trees in the experiment were assigned to 11 blocks based on pretreatment infestation levels of scale insects so that the 8 trees within each block had similar pretreatment infestations of scale. Each of the 8 trees in each block then was assigned randomly to a treatment so that each treatment was represented once in every block. Pretreatment infestation of scale was estimated by sampling 50 leaves/tree and recording the number of leaves that had any scale that appeared to be alive. Posttreatment infestation of scale was estimated by recording the presence or absence of scale on 20 fruit/ tree. In the first posttreatment evaluation, an attempt was made to include only live scale. Because of the difficulty in distinguishing live from dead scale and because infested fruit are downgraded in the packinghouse regardless of whether scale are live or dead, both live and dead scale were included in determining whether a fruit was infested in the second posttreatment evaluation, which was only a few d before harvest.
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Swain, Adam. "Are oranges the only fruit? A comment on the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election." Geoforum 36, no. 6 (November 2005): 685–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2005.06.001.
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Tirado-Corbalá, Rebecca, Alejandro Segarra-Carmona, Manuel Matos-Rodríguez, Dania Rivera-Ocasio, Consuelo Estévez de Jensen, and Jeniffer Pagán. "Assessment of Two Sweet Orange Cultivars Grafted on Selected Rootstocks Grown on an Inceptisol in Puerto Rico." Horticulturae 6, no. 2 (May 18, 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6020030.
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Sweet oranges in Puerto Rico and other citrus-producing areas in the world have been greatly affected by the Huanglongbing disease (HLB). Historically, most of Puerto Rico’s citrus production has been located from 0–600 m above sea level, where fruit acquire a desirable color and flavor due to climatic conditions. However, higher populations of the disease vector Diaphorina citri Kuwayama have been reported at these elevations in Puerto Rico. Although only 6.4% of the land area is located above 600 m, it is composed mainly of environmentally sensitive or non-arable land where Inceptisols are the dominant soil order. For that reason, ‘Marr’s Early’ and ‘Pera’ sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) scions grafted on ‘Carrizo’, ‘HRS 802’, and ‘HRS 812’ rootstocks were planted in Alonso clay series Inceptisol (Oxic Humudepts) at 649 m in 2010. Tree growth parameters (height, diameter, canopy volume) and yield efficiency were measured. Fruit quality was determined from juice content (%), total soluble solids [°Brix], and pH. Leaf tissue analyses showed an optimum range for Ca, Mg, Na, P, B, Cu, and Zn, an indicator of tree health. A few were high (i.e., N and P) or in excess (i.e., Fe), but no clear connection to specific scions or rootstocks could be established. Tree height, tree diameter, fruit production, and juice content were higher in both sweet oranges grafted on ‘HRS 802’ compared with those on ‘HRS 812’ and ‘Carrizo’. Therefore, ‘HRS 802’ rootstock can be recommended to local farmers growing sweet oranges in Alonso series soil.
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Alhassan, Nasiru, John B. Golding, Ron B. H. Wills, Michael C. Bowyer, and Penta Pristijono. "Long Term Exposure to Low Ethylene and Storage Temperatures Delays Calyx Senescence and Maintains ‘Afourer’ Mandarins and Navel Oranges Quality." Foods 8, no. 1 (January 9, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8010019.
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Calyx browning and internal quality loss are major physiological causes for the loss of quality in citrus fruit during storage. While the symptoms of calyx senescence are only superficial, it can affect the appearance and consumer acceptability of citrus fruit. In this study, continuous ethylene exposure at different storage temperatures was investigated to assess their effect on calyx senescence and internal qualities in ‘Afourer’ mandarin and Navel orange fruit during storage. ‘Afourer’ mandarin fruit were stored at ≤0.001 (equivalent to ethylene-free air), 0.01, 0.1 and 1 µL L−1 of ethylene at either 5, 10 or 20 °C, whilst in a parallel experiment, Navel oranges were exposed to ≤0.001, 0.1 and 1 µL L−1 ethylene at either 1 or 10 °C. Changes in external and internal postharvest quality parameters were assessed for up to 8 weeks for ‘Afourer’ mandarins and 10 weeks for Navel oranges. At all storage temperatures, high levels of ethylene were found to increase the level of calyx senescence, weight loss, loss of fruit firmness and respiration rates. Also, there were significant effects of ethylene and storage temperatures on total soluble solids (TSS) content, titratable acidity (TA), and ethanol accumulation in both citrus species. Continuous exposure to high ethylene also significantly reduced vitamin C and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in ‘Afourer’ mandarins after 8 weeks of storage. Overall, ethylene treatments had a significant effect on both the external and internal qualities of the fruit during storage. The relationship between ethylene concentrations and storage temperatures demonstrate that lowering atmospheric ethylene levels at reduced storage temperatures maintain fruit quality during long term storage.
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Yuan, Rongcai, Ulrich Hartmond, and Walter J. Kender. "531 CMN-Pyrazole-induced Abscission of Mature `Valencia' Oranges in Relation to Young Fruit, Root, and Shoot Growth." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 487A—487. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.487a.
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The seasonal abscission response of mature `Valencia' oranges [Citrus sinensis (L.)Osb.] to 5-chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole (CMN-Pyrazole) was examined in relation to young fruit, shoot, and root growth. CMN-Pyrazole dramatically increased ethylene production in fruit and effectively reduced the fruit detachment force (FDF), except in a period of reduced response to CMN-Pyrazole in early May. Root growth was inhibited by trunk girdling, in combination with removal of spring vegetative flushes and flowers, but not by their removal alone. During the responsive period, there was no difference in both ethylene production and FDF of CMN-Pyrazole-treated mature oranges between 1) the unmanipulated trees and those manipulated by either 2) girdling, removal of spring flushes and flowers, or 3) removal of flushes and flowers alone. However, during the less-responsive period, ethylene production in CMN-Pyrazole-treated mature oranges was significantly lower while the FDF was higher from non-manipulated trees than from trees treated by either girdling and removal of flush, or only removal of flush. There was no difference in either ethylene production or FDF of CMN-Pyrazole-treated mature oranges between trees manipulated by girdling and removal of flush, and those by removal of flush alone. Flush growth terminated at least 2 weeks before the onset of the less responsive period. This suggests that the hormones from rapidly growing young fruit may be responsible for the less responsive period.
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Belgacem, Imen, Sonia Pangallo, Ahmed Abdelfattah, Flora V. Romeo, Santa O. Cacciola, Maria G. Li Destri Nicosia, Gabriele Ballistreri, and Leonardo Schena. "Transcriptomic Analysis of Orange Fruit Treated with Pomegranate Peel Extract (PGE)." Plants 8, no. 4 (April 17, 2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8040101.
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A Pomegranate Peel Extract (PGE) has been proposed as a natural antifungal substance with a wide range of activity against plant diseases. Previous studies showed that the extract has a direct antimicrobial activity and can elicit resistance responses in plant host tissues. In the present study, the transcriptomic response of orange fruit toward PGE treatments was evaluated. RNA-seq analyses, conducted on wounded fruits 0, 6, and 24 h after PGE applications, showed a significantly different transcriptome in treated oranges as compared to control samples. The majority (273) of the deferentially expressed genes (DEGs) were highly up-regulated compared to only 8 genes that were down-regulated. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis showed the involvement of 1233 gene ontology (GO) terms and 35 KEGG metabolic pathways. Among these, important defense pathways were induced and antibiotic biosynthesis was the most enriched one. These findings may explain the underlying preventive and curative activity of PGE against plant diseases.
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Hallam, J., and M. Marshment. "Framing experience: case studies in the reception of Oranges are Not the Only Fruit." Screen 36, no. 1 (March 1, 1995): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/screen/36.1.1.
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Szanajda, Andrew, and Yu Jie Li. "Homosexuality in Jeanette Winter Son's Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit: a Critical Exploratory." International Journal on Studies in English Language and Literature 11, no. 4 (2023): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2347-3134.1104002.
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Timmer, L. W., G. E. Brown, and S. E. Zitko. "The Role of Colletotrichum spp. in Postharvest Anthracnose of Citrus and Survival of C. acutatum on Fruit." Plant Disease 82, no. 4 (April 1998): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.4.415.
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Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causes postharvest anthracnose of citrus fruit and is a common saprobe in citrus groves, whereas C. acutatum infects flower petals and causes postbloom fruit drop (PFD). The purpose of this study was to determine whether C. acutatum caused anthracnose, survived as quiescent infections on fruit, and represented a threat for introduction of the PFD pathogen to disease-free areas. When Robinson tangerine fruit were artificially inoculated with both species and exposed to high levels of ethylene, only fruit inoculated with C. gloeosporioides developed postharvest anthracnose. However, C. acutatum was readily reisolated from inoculation sites on asymptomatic fruit. Navel oranges harvested from groves with severe PFD the previous spring developed low levels of anthracnose, but only C. gloeosporioi-des was isolated from lesions. Valencia orange fruit harvested at bloom during a PFD outbreak had high surface populations of C. acutatum which declined rapidly during 2 to 3 weeks of storage. Quiescent infections formed on artificially inoculated and naturally exposed fruit were reduced but not eliminated by washing, waxing, and fungicide treatment in the packinghouse. Since C. acutatum does not produce postharvest anthracnose, the risk of introduction of this pathogen to disease-free areas is minimal. However, if fruit were harvested during a PFD outbreak, C. acutatum might survive standard packinghouse treatment and shipment as quiescent infections.
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Barry, Graham H., William S. Castle, and Frederick S. Davies. "Juice Quality of `Valencia' Sweet Oranges Borne on Different Inflorescence Types." HortScience 39, no. 1 (February 2004): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.1.33.
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The objectives of this study were to determine whether juice quality of `Valencia' sweet orange [C. sinensis (L.) Osb.] is affected by the type of inflorescence on which fruit are borne, and to determine the contribution of inflorescence type to within-tree variation in juice quality. During the 1998-99 and 1999-2000 seasons, fruit size and juice quality [soluble solids concentration (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA)] of fruit from `Valencia' sweet orange trees on Carrizo citrange rootstock [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. × C. sinensis (L.) Osb.] planted in 1987 at Howey-in-the-Hills, Fla., were measured. A 2×2 factorial design (inflorescence type × canopy position) with leafy and leafless inflorescence types, and southwest top and northeast bottom canopy positions was used. The type of inflorescence on which fruit were borne had a minor effect on juice quality, and inflorescence type and juice quality were not directly associated. Rather, juice SSC was associated with the effect of inflorescence type on fruit size, as small fruit tended to have higher SSC than large fruit, regardless of the type of inflorescence on which fruit were borne. The relatively small difference in SSC between fruit borne on leafy and leafless inflorescences (≈3% of mean SSC) was an indirect result of fruit size. Therefore, fruit borne on leafy inflorescences, which tend to be of larger size compared with fruit borne on leafless inflorescences, tended to have marginally lower SSC. Acid content and ratio of SSC: TA were not related to inflorescence type. In addition, the type of inflorescence on which fruit were borne made only a nominal contribution to variability in juice SSC, in contrast to the major contribution of canopy position to within-tree variation in juice SSC. Factors other than inflorescence type are important components of within-tree variation in juice SSC.
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VENKITANARAYANAN, KUMAR S., CHIA-MIN LIN, HANNALORE BAILEY, and MICHAEL P. DOYLE. "Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Listeria monocytogenes on Apples, Oranges, and Tomatoes by Lactic Acid with Hydrogen Peroxide." Journal of Food Protection 65, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-65.1.100.
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The objective of this study was to develop a practical and effective method for inactivating or substantially reducing Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Listeria monocytogenes on apples, oranges, and tomatoes. Apples, oranges, and tomatoes were spot-inoculated with five-strain mixtures of E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella Enteritidis, and L. monocytogenes near the stem end and were submerged in sterile deionized water containing 1.5% lactic acid plus 1.5% hydrogen peroxide for 15 min at 40°C. Inoculated samples treated with sterile deionized water at the same temperature and for the same duration served as controls. The bacterial pathogens on fruits subjected to the chemical treatment were reduced by >5.0 log10 CFU per fruit, whereas washing in deionized water decreased the pathogens by only 1.5 to 2.0 log10 CFU per fruit. Furthermore, substantial populations of the pathogens survived in the control wash water, whereas no E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella Enteritidis, or L. monocytogenes cells were detected in the chemical treatment solution. The sensory and qualitative characteristics of apples treated with the chemical wash solution were not adversely affected by the treatment. It was found that the treatment developed in this study could effectively be used to kill E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella Enteritidis, and L. monocytogenes on apples, oranges, and tomatoes at the processing or packaging level.
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Ben-Yehoshua, S., E. Barak, and B. Shapiro. "Postharvest Curing at High Temperatures Reduces Decay of Individually Sealed Lemons, Pomelos, and Other Citrus Fruit." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 112, no. 4 (July 1987): 658–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.112.4.658.
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Abstract Curing of sealed lemons of normal and decay-prone types [Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f] and of sealed Goliath pomelo [Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck] inhibited postharvest decay without deleterious effects on fruit quality and prevented the development of Penicillium digitatum on inoculated fruit. Curing of nonsealed fruit was less effective in reducing decay than curing sealed fruit and caused prohibitive weight loss, shrinkage, and softening. Curing of sealed and waxed ‘Shamouti’ and ‘Valencia’ oranges (C. sinensis), in comparison to only sealed fruit, resulted in some CO2 injury of the peel and off-flavor.
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Melgar, Juan Carlos, Jill M. Dunlop, L. Gene Albrigo, and James P. Syvertsen. "Winter Drought Stress Can Delay Flowering and Avoid Immature Fruit Loss during Late-season Mechanical Harvesting of ‘Valencia’ Oranges." HortScience 45, no. 2 (February 2010): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.2.271.
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We determined if winter drought stress could delay flowering and fruit development of immature ‘Valencia’ sweet oranges to avoid young fruit loss during late-season mechanical harvesting. Beginning in December over three consecutive seasons (2007–2009), Tyvek® water-resistive barrier material was used as a rain shield groundcover under 13- to 15-year-old trees. There were three treatments: 1) drought = no irrigation and covered soil; 2) rain only = no irrigation, no cover; and 3) normal irrigation with rain and no cover. Covers were removed in February or March and normal irrigation and fertilization were resumed. The drought stress did not affect fruit yield, size, percentage juice, or juice quality of the current crop harvested in May and June relative to continuously irrigated trees. Drought stress delayed flowering by 2 to 4 weeks so that the immature fruit for next season's crop were smaller than on continuously irrigated trees during June but fruit growth caught up by September. During mechanical harvesting, previously drought-stressed trees lost fewer young fruit than continuously irrigated trees. Thus, winter drought stress effectively delayed flowering and avoided young fruit loss during late-season mechanical harvesting without negative impacts on yield or fruit quality of ‘Valencia’ orange trees.
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Yang, Xiuyao, Mengjie Zhang, Dengxian Xi, Tuo Yin, Ling Zhu, Xiujia Yang, Xianyan Zhou, Hanyao Zhang, and Xiaozhen Liu. "Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the MADS gene family in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) infested with pathogenic bacteria." PeerJ 12 (February 29, 2024): e17001. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17001.
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The risk of pathogenic bacterial invasion in plantations has increased dramatically due to high environmental climate change and has seriously affected sweet orange fruit quality. MADS genes allow plants to develop increased resistance, but functional genes for resistance associated with pathogen invasion have rarely been reported. MADS gene expression profiles were analyzed in sweet orange leaves and fruits infested with Lecanicillium psalliotae and Penicillium digitatum, respectively. Eighty-two MADS genes were identified from the sweet orange genome, and they were classified into five prime subfamilies concerning the Arabidopsis MADS gene family, of which the MIKC subfamily could be subdivided into 13 minor subfamilies. Protein structure analysis showed that more than 93% of the MADS protein sequences of the same subfamily between sweet orange and Arabidopsis were very similar in tertiary structure, with only CsMADS8 and AG showing significant differences. The variability of MADS genes protein structures between sweet orange and Arabidopsis subgroups was less than the variabilities of protein structures within species. Chromosomal localization and covariance analysis showed that these genes were unevenly distributed on nine chromosomes, with the most genes on chromosome 9 and the least on chromosome 2, with 36 and two, respectively. Four pairs of tandem and 28 fragmented duplicated genes in the 82 MADS gene sequences were found in sweet oranges. GO (Gene Ontology) functional enrichment and expression pattern analysis showed that the functional gene CsMADS46 was strongly downregulated of sweet orange in response to biotic stress adversity. It is also the first report that plants’ MADS genes are involved in the biotic stress responses of sweet oranges. For the first time, L. psalliotae was experimentally confirmed to be the causal agent of sweet orange leaf spot disease, which provides a reference for the research and control of pathogenic L. psalliotae.
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Yuan, Rongcai, Ulrich Hartmond, Angela Grant, and Walter J. Kender. "Physiological Factors Affecting Response of Mature `Valencia' Orange Fruit to CMN-Pyrazole. I. Effects of Young Fruit, Shoot, and Root Growth." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 126, no. 4 (July 2001): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.126.4.414.
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Influence of young fruit, shoot, and root growth on response of mature `Valencia' oranges [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] to the abscission chemical CMN-pyrazole was examined in 1999 and 2000. CMN-pyrazole dramatically increased ethylene production in mature fruit and reduced the fruit detachment force (FDF), except during a period of reduced response to CMN-pyrazole in early May when spring vegetative growth, young fruit of the following year's crop, and mature fruit were all on the trees. Removal of spring flushes, which included spring vegetative shoots and leafy and leafless inflorescences, prevented any young fruit and shoot growth, but did not inhibit root growth. However, trunk girdling in combination with removal of spring flushes not only prevented growth of young fruit and shoots but also inhibited root growth. During the responsive period, there were no differences in either ethylene production or FDF of CMN-pyrazole-treated mature oranges between 1) the nonmanipulated trees and those manipulated by either 2) removal of spring flushes alone, or 3) in combination with trunk girdling. However, during the less responsive period, ethylene production in CMN-pyrazole-treated mature oranges was significantly lower while the FDF was higher in nonmanipulated trees than in trees treated by either removal of spring flushes alone, or in combination with trunk girdling. There was no difference in either fruit ethylene production or FDF between trees manipulated by (2) removal of spring flushes alone, and (3) removal of spring flushes in combination with trunk girdling regardless of CMN-pyrazole application. Shoot growth terminated at least 2 weeks before the onset of the less responsive period. Removal of young fruit increased response of mature fruit to CMN-pyrazole during the less responsive period. This suggests that hormones from rapidly growing young fruit may be responsible for the occurrence of the less responsive period. Chemical name used: 5-chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole (CMN-pyrazole).
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Nunes, C., J. Usall, T. Manso, R. Torres, M. Olmo, and J. M. García. "Effect of High Temperature Treatments on Growth of Penicillium spp. and their Development on ‘Valencia’ Oranges." Food Science and Technology International 13, no. 1 (February 2007): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013207075601.
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The effect of time (up to 24h) and temperature (40 to 55°C) has been evaluated on in vitro growth of Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum on potato dextrose agar plates or on ‘Valencia’ oranges ( Citrus sinensis), previously inoculated with those pathogens. The effect of treatment on the fruit quality parameters has also been evaluated. In vitro, at 40 and 45°C, an exposure of 24h was required to inhibit subsequent mycelial growth of both pathogens during incubation for 1 week at 25°C. However, at 50 and 55°C, only 18 or 9h (6h for P. digitatum), respectively, were needed to achieve the same effect on both pathogens. Inoculated fruit was exposed for 18h at 40°C then stored for 5 days at 5°C plus 7 days at 20°C, and the experiment was repeated at three locations and over two fruit seasons. This curing regime controlled both pathogens effectively. Concerning quality changes, after cold storage (5°C), treated fruits showed a significant reduction in acid content and a slight delay on skin yellowing, on softening, and on weight losses, compared to the control fruits. These results suggest that the curing treatment could be a non-chemical alternative to the postharvest fungicides now used to control citrus green and blue moulds.
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Davies, Frederick S., Glenn R. Zalman, Ed Stover, and Scott Ciliento. "EcoLyst Application Timing and Juice Corrected Soluble Solids (Brix) of Processing Oranges and Grapefruit in Florida." HortTechnology 14, no. 2 (January 2004): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.14.2.0207.
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EcoLyst, a formulation of N-N-diethyl-2-(4-methylbenzyloxy) ethylamine hydrochloride containing 1 g/floz [4.5 oz/gal (33.8 g·L-1)] a.i., is a plant growth regulator that has been reported to increase soluble solids concentration (SSC) in juice oranges by 0.6% to 1.2%. Our objectives were to determine the effectiveness of EcoLyst application for increasing SSC in Florida oranges (Citrus sinensis) and grapefruit (C. paradisi), and to identify the optimum rate and time of application. Experiments were conducted for three seasons using `Hamlin,' `Pineapple,' and `Valencia' sweet oranges; and for two seasons using `Flame,' `Marsh,' and `Ray Ruby' grapefruit, all in commercial groves. EcoLyst was applied at 6 and 12 floz/acre (0.44 and 0.88 L·ha-1) for oranges and 16 and 32 ppm (mg·L-1) [effectively 9 and 18 floz/acre (0.66 and 1.32 L·ha-1) in most sprays] for grapefruit, and included Silwet L-77 adjuvant at 0.05%. Applications were made at several stages of development from prebloom to initial fruit set. In all cases, SSC was determined as juice corrected SSC, by adjusting refractometer readings based on titratable acidity. In 13 trials with sweet orange only five displayed significant increases in SSC (P ≤ 0.05) resulting from EcoLyst application. Two additional trials produced SSC increases significant at P < 0.10. Even where significant increases in SSC occurred they were typically observed in only one harvest and at one time of application and were always relatively low in magnitude (highest increase over controls was 0.38%). No rate or timing of EcoLyst application was consistently associated with best response, although eight of nine SSC increases observed in orange occurred with applications ranging from prebloom to 25% open flowers. Only one significant increase in SSC was observed in five trials with grapefruit. In these studies, increases in SSC resulting from EcoLyst application were neither sufficiently consistent nor large enough to justify a recommendation for commercial use in Florida citrus.
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Wild, BL. "Ethylene gas burn of Washington navel oranges - a form of anthracnose induced by degreening and controlled by brushing or applying fungicides." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 4 (1990): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9900565.
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The effect of several postharvest treatments on rind damage to Washington navel oranges during ethylene degreening was assessed. Application of hot benomyl dips (500 mg/L) or washing the fruit on revolving brushes prevented rind damage for all fruit colours and ethylene concentrations (0-2000 �L/L) tested. Application of either of the fungicides benomyl (unheated) or prochloraz also reduced rind damage. Imazalil had less effect, while guazatine only slightly reduced rind damage. Rind damage was attributed to the development of anthracnose when dormancy of latent infections of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was broken. It is recommended that when susceptible oranges are degreened, they are treated with benomyl, preferably at 50�C, or washed over revolving brushes. Ethylene concentrations should also be kept as low as practicable to reduce the risk of rind damage.
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ATASOY, Emrah. "Conflict between the Individual and Society in Jeanette Winterson’s Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit." İnsan ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 4, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53048/johass.836754.
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Reisman, Mara. "Integrating Fantasy and Reality in Jeanette Winterson's Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit." Rocky Mountain Review 65, no. 1 (2011): 11–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rmr.2011.0001.
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Ogoun, Timipa Richard, and N. Ayawei. "ASSESSMENT OF THE BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS ON THE FIRST FILIAL GENERATION FROM THE WISTAR RATS FED WITH CALCIUM CARBIDE RIPENED ORANGE." International Journal of Biological Studies 2, no. 1 (August 2, 2022): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijbs.968.
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Purpose and Methods: The use of chemicals for fruit ripening is constantly on the increase and inadvertently, such chemicals are consumed unperceived. The aim of the study is the assess the Biochemical parameters of the Pups from the Wistar rats fed with Calcium Carbide induced ripened orange. Unripe mature oranges were gotten for the parent plant at Ogu, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State. The fruits were divided into two; the first group was allowed to ripe at normal room temperature and 1kg of the second oranges wrapped with black nylon were forced to ripe within 48 hours with 10grams of Calcium carbide which was dissolved in 5ml of water in a closed steel bucket. 600g of each groups of the ripened oranges were peeled differently and blended in an electric blender with 350ml/1L distilled water. The juice was filtered with a clean fine sieve and were poured into clean bottles labeled accordingly and stored in a refrigerator for future use. 24 adult Wistar rats [12 male and female of each sex] weighing between 126.9- 213.3g were used. They were acclimatize for two [2] weeks and was fed with standard grower mash with clean water ad libitum. The Wistar rats were grouped into three, [1] Control, of 8 rats [4 males and 4 females] receive normal water and feeds only as placebo. [2] Treatment group I, containing 8 rats [4 males and 4 females] received 5ml/kg of the naturally ripened orange juice [3] Treatment II of 8 rats [4 males and 4 females] received 5ml/kg of the Calcium carbide induced ripened orange juice orally against their body weight for four weeks. The Wistar rats copulates freely during this period. Birthing occurred in the three groups and the Pups were collected weight at birth, at one week and the two week. They were sacrifice at second week and blood sample collected for the Biochemical analysis. Data collected from this study was analyzed as Mean ± Standard Error of Mean [SEM]. Significant difference among the groups was determined as P<0.05; by two-way ANOVA; using Statistical Analysis Program for Social Sciences [SPSS 22.0 Version].
Findings and recommendations: The results of this study showed statistically significant increase in the mean AST, ALT, ALP, Creatinine, Urea, Total Biluribin and Lactate Dehydrogenase of the pup of the Wistar rats fed with Calcium carbide forced ripened orange juice in contrast with the control group (p<0.05). There was significant reduction in the mean Albumin, Total Protein and Total Cholesterol in the pups from the Wistar rats fed with Calcium carbide forced ripened orange juice when compared with the control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, there is nutritional programming of Calcium Carbide forced ripened fruit when consumed by a mother and could cause hepatic and/or extra-hepatic toxicity, renal failure, heart failure, coronary heart diseases of the offspring. Thus; we recommend strongly, the abolishment of Calcium carbide as an agent for fruit ripening.
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Sun, Xiuxiu, Elizabeth Baldwin, Mark Ritenour, Anne Plotto, and Jinhe Bai. "Evaluation of Natural Colorants and Their Application on Citrus Fruit as Alternatives to Citrus Red No. 2." HortScience 50, no. 9 (September 2015): 1353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.9.1353.
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Warm field temperatures can often result in poor peel color of some citrus varieties, especially early in the harvest season. Under these conditions, Florida oranges, temples, tangelos, and K-Early citrus fruit are allowed to be treated with Citrus Red No.2 dye (CR2) to help produce a more acceptable peel color. Unfortunately, CR2, the commercial colorant used in Florida, has been listed as a group 2B carcinogen by the European Union (EU) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Although not likely dangerous at levels used on citrus, and on a part of the fruit that is not ingested, there is a negative health perception, and thus, a need for natural or food grade alternative colorants to replace CR2 for use on citrus. This research demonstrated that three out of five oil-soluble natural red/orange colorants resulted in peel colors somewhat similar to the industry standard CR2. These three (annatto extract, paprika extract, and paprika oleoresin) were selected for further in vivo studies. The stability of the natural colorants along with CR2 was evaluated by applying them on test papers and then on fresh ‘Hamlin’ oranges. All natural colorants were found to be easily oxidized and faded when applied on test papers. However, coating the colored surfaces with carnauba wax apparently inhibited oxidation and the subsequent discoloration of the surface. When applying the natural colorants to ‘Hamlin’ oranges before waxing, the treatments retained the improved color after storage in the dark at 5 °C, simulating cold storage. However, only annatto extract maintained a stable color when subsequently stored in a simulated market condition, at 23 °C exposed to 300 lx of standard fluorescent white light.
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Srinivas, R. "Deep Learning based Fruit Quality Inspection." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 4535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44928.
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Abstract: Digital images and computer sciences have become two powerful tools in several areas, such as astronomy, medicine, forensics, etc. In the last few years, computer sciences are getting involved in agricultural and food science to decide based on estimated or actual parameters named features. Rottenness is the state of decomposing or decaying the quality of the fruit, which not only affects the taste and appearance but also modifies its nutritional composition, causing the presence of mycotoxins dangerous for humans. Detecting rotten fruits has become significant in the agricultural industry. Usually, the classification of fresh and rotten fruits carried by humans is not effective for the fruit farmers. Human beings will become tired after doing the same task multiple times, but machines do not. Thus, the project proposes an approach to reduce human efforts, reduce the cost and time for production by identifying the defects in the fruits in the agricultural industry. If we do not detect those defects, those defected fruits may contaminate good fruits. Hence, we proposed a model to avoid the spread of rottenness. The proposed model classifies the fresh fruits and rotten fruits from the input fruit images. Here, we use a trained deep learning model i,e sequential model to detect whether a fruit is fresh or rotten. In this work, three types of fruits, such as apple, banana, and oranges are used as a dataset. The experiments were done using a dataset composed of around 12000 images divided by 6 classes, 3 fresh fruits, and 3 rotten fruits
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GARRIDO, SAMUEL. "Oranges or "Lemons"? Family Farming and Product Quality in the Spanish Orange Industry, 1870–1960." Agricultural History 84, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 224–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-84.2.224.
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Abstract In the early twentieth century California became a big exporter of some agricultural products that, until then, had only been grown on a large scale in the Mediterranean basin. As a result, exports of those products diminished or stagnated in Mediterranean countries, with important repercussions on their economies. The Spanish orange industry, however, continued to expand, despite the fact that a substantial percentage of Spanish oranges came from farms owned by (often illiterate) small peasants who, in comparison to the California growers, used a great deal of labor, small amounts of capital, and little science. This paper shows that Spanish farmers were in fact capable of growing high-quality oranges at prices that were more competitive than those in California, although instead they often preferred to satisfy the strong demand for middling fruit from Great Britain because it was a more profitable business. This, combined with a deficient use of brand names, gave the Spanish citrus industry serious reputation problems by the 1930s, from which, however, it recovered quickly.
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Kahl, Hanna M., Tobias G. Mueller, Bodil N. Cass, Xinqiang Xi, Emma Cluff, Elizabeth E. Grafton-Cardwell, and Jay A. Rosenheim. "Characterizing Herbivory by European Earwigs (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) on Navel Orange Fruit with Comparison to Forktailed Bush Katydid (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) Herbivory." Journal of Economic Entomology 114, no. 4 (June 29, 2021): 1722–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toab121.
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Abstract In establishing Integrated Pest Management (IPM) plans for understudied pests, it is crucial to understand the nature of their herbivory and resulting damage. European earwig (Forficula auricularia L.; Dermaptera: Forficulidae) densities are increasing in citrus orchards in Central California. Field observations suggest that earwigs feed on young, developing citrus fruit, but this hypothesis had not been examined with formal experimentation. Forktailed bush katydid nymphs (Scudderia furcata Brunner von Wattenwyl; Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) are well-known citrus herbivores that feed on young citrus fruit, and it is possible that earwig damage may be misdiagnosed as katydid damage. Here we report findings from two field experiments in navel oranges (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck; Sapindales: Rutaceae) that together tested: (1) whether earwigs damage young citrus fruit; (2) whether the amount of damage earwigs generate differs across developmental stage or sex of adult earwigs; (3) the window of time during which fruit are most sensitive to earwig damage; (4) whether damaged fruit are retained to harvest; and (5) the resulting damage morphology caused by earwigs relative to katydids. Earwigs, particularly nymphs, chewed deep holes in young citrus fruit from 0 to 3 wk after petal fall. Fruit damaged by earwigs were retained and exhibited scars at harvest. The morphology and distribution of scars on mature fruit only subtly differed between earwigs and katydids. This study establishes that earwigs can be direct pests in mature navel orange trees by generating scars on fruit and likely contribute to fruit quality downgrades.
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Barghouthy, Yazeed, and Bhaskar K. Somani. "Role of Citrus Fruit Juices in Prevention of Kidney Stone Disease (KSD): A Narrative Review." Nutrients 13, no. 11 (November 17, 2021): 4117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13114117.
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To explore the relationship between citrus fruit juices (oranges, grapefruits, and lemonades) and kidney stone disease (KSD). Methods: A systematic review was performed using the Medline, EMBASE, and Scopus databases, in concordance with the PRISMA checklist for all English, French, and Spanish language studies regarding the consumption of citrus fruit juices and the relationship to urinary stone disease. The main outcome of interest was the association of citrus fruit juices with KSD. Results: Thirteen articles met the criteria for inclusion in the final review. Three large epidemiological studies found that grapefruit juice was a risk factor for stone formation, while orange juice did not increase the risk for KSD. Ten small prospective clinical studies found that orange, grapefruit, and lemon juices all increased urinary citrate levels. Only orange and grapefruit juices had an alkalinizing effect and while lemon juice has a protective effect by raising urinary citrate levels, it lacked a significant alkalinizing effect on urine pH. Orange juice and grapefruit juices significantly increased urinary oxalate levels, while orange juice also had a high carbohydrate content. Conclusion: While orange juice seems to play a protective role against stone formation, grapefruit was found to raise the risk of KSD in epidemiological studies but had a protective role in smaller clinical studies. Lemon juice had a smaller protective role than orange juice. Larger amounts of, as well as more accurate, data is needed before recommendations can be made and a high carbohydrate content in these juices needs to be taken into consideration.
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김경희. "The Subversive Humor and the Carnival Laughter in Jeanette Winterson’s Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit." New Korean Journal of English Lnaguage & Literature 53, no. 4 (November 2011): 21–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25151/nkje.2011.53.4.002.
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Bollinger, Laurel. "Models for Female Loyalty: The Biblical Ruth in Jeanette Winterson's Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit." Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature 13, no. 2 (1994): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/464115.
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Kim, Seong-Gyu. "Discourse of Homosexuality Crosses the Church : Focus on Jaenette Winterson’s Oranges are Not the Only Fruit." STUDIES IN HUMANITIES 66 (September 30, 2020): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33252/sih.2020.9.66.75.
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BORDWIN, JESSE. "Queer Objects: Gendered Interests and Distant Things in Jeanette Winterson’s Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit." Contemporary Literature 60, no. 2 (2020): 227–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/cl.60.2.227.
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李, 杰. "An Analysis of Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit from the Perspective of Feminist Translation Theory." Modern Linguistics 12, no. 01 (2024): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ml.2024.121010.
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