Academic literature on the topic 'Oranjemund'

This paper describes a diamond mining operation on the west coast of Africa in Namibia (South West Africa, see Figures 1a and 1b), where a sea-wall of normal beach sand has been built out to a distance of more than 300 m seawards of the original coastline. The wall which runs alongshore is maintained in the high energy environment, which is characterized by northbound longshore transport rates, by means of artificial suppletion at a rate of up to and more than 300 000 m / month. Before embarking on the project the company had to be assured of the sand on the sand-wall; to allow completion of the project free of severe damage by wave action. This implied being able to predict the erosion rate of the sea-wall by the waves. The data set used consisted of wave measurements by Waverider and wave observations obtained from voluntary observing ships; aerial photographs at monthly intervals of the waterline in the study area; and soundings of the beach, sea-wall and nearshore topography by using a helicopter as a platform. Various methods of prediction and projection were used to quantify sediment movement.

At Oranjemund just north of the mouth of the Orange on the South-West African/ Namibian coastline the Consolidated Diamond Mines (Pty) Limited (CDM) is mining for diamonds in the inshore area. They use an artificially-built seawall of sand to keep the sea out of the paddocks which are being stripped and mined at bedrock level, which is well below sea level. The seawall runs parallel to the original shoreline at a distance of up to 350 m offshore. The beach profile is correspondingly very steep and under most conditions offshore sediment losses occur, which are compensated for by artificial nourishment. During February 1987 offshore losses of about 120 m per running metre of seawall were recorded from above the waterline. In this paper a data set is presented to serve as a basis for the calibration of on-offshore sediment models and some simulations are reported on.

In AD 1533, the Portuguese trade vessel Bom Jesus sunk off the coast of southern Namibia, near the modern town of Oranjemund. Coming from Lisbon on its way to western India, it contained a multifold load of naval equipment and commodities for trade and exchange. Amongst the excavated materials recovered from the presumed shipwreck of the Bom Jesus, of paramount importance are 1845 copper ingots, showing the trademark of the Fugger company from the Freie Reichsstadt of Augsburg, Germany. Historical accounts testify to massive copper and silver production of the Fugger-Thurzo company in the area of Neusohl in the Slovak Ore Mountains. Geochemical analyses of 60 copper ingots from the wreck show an extraordinarily homogeneous composition with appreciable concentrations of lead, silver, antimony, nickel, and arsenic indicating the smelting of fahlores. Lead was found to be added deliberately to the copper to extract silver by the Liquation Process. This technological innovation is one of the numerous hallmarks of the Renaissance period and the “Age of Discovery”. Lead isotope abundance ratios point to an origin from lead deposits in Cracow-Silesia. The ore districts of Neusohl and Cracow-Silesia were intensively connected to mining and metal production during the postmedieval period. This study forcefully shows the advantage of combined historical and natural science studies.

Can mining industries and mining based localities promote Local Economic Development (LED)? This case study, on the mining town of Oranjemund, seeks to examine the economic diversification prospects of the town. Stakeholder views are considered and their aspirations determined, through an interview process. Relevant theories on economic development, growth and sustainability are outline. Lessons are drawn from local and international empirical studies on mining towns. The roles and contributions stakeholders and institutions could realize that could lead to local economic diversification and LED are defined. The opportunities and threats that could affect the town’s LED process are identified. This paper concludes that it is imperative that sound relationships be developed amongst key stakeholders. It further, recommends that a strategic LED plan be designed for Oranjemund and that national government, through the regional and local authority, lead the process.

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2009.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Division of Aquaculture, Stellenbosch University (SU) was commissioned jointly by Namdeb Diamond Corporation (Pty) Ltd (Namdeb) and the Oranjemund Town Management Company Limited (OTMCo) to assess the aquaculture potential of the mining area at Oranjemund in Namibia. This document provides a proposal for the establishment of a marine finfish (yellowtail, Seriola lalandi) farm at Oranjemund. There appears to be considerable potential and as such this document provides a proposal for the establishment of a marine finfish (yellowtail, Seriola lalandi) farm at Oranjemund. A 5 000 metric ton (mt) yellowtail farm would have a turnover of about N$ 115 million per year and provides direct employment for about 200 people. Oranjemund is located immediately north of the Orange River at the most south-western corner of Namibia, approximately 1000 kilometers southwest of the capital, Windhoek. Namdeb currently operates an alluvial diamond mining operation along a 160 kilometer (km) stretch of the southern Namibia coastline, but is expected to downscale their activities significantly over the next 5 to 10 years. Aquaculture, the cultivation of fish, shellfish and aquatic plants, is the fastest growing food producing industry in the world and has considerable potential to contribute to the establishment of a vibrant post-mining economy in Oranjemund. The marine finfish industry is the most important and valuable aquaculture sector in many countries and is expected to grow significantly over the medium term, thereby also offering exciting opportunities for investment and business participation. The yellowtail farm venture is part of a greater plan to develop a vertically integrated aquaculture cluster at Oranjemund. The yellowtail development will be conducted in two phases, with Phase 1 the establishment of a pilot project to assess and confirm technical and financial feasibility. Phase 2 is the development of a 1 000 mt commercial farm. Other species being considered for development at Oranjemund include abalone (Haliotis midae), turbot (Psetta Maxima), rock lobster (Jasus lalandi) and oysters (Crassostria gigas). Several companies in South Africa are currently actively pursuing aquaculture expansion opportunities along both the west and east coasts of South Africa. Key amongst these is the development of abalone farms at Hondeklip Bay and Port Nolloth in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa by HIK Abalone Farm (Pty) Ltd (HIK) and NewFarmers Development Company Limited (NewF). The development of abalone and yellowtail farming at Oranjemund has been positioned as a further extension of the abovementioned initiative with HIK, NewF and a finfish fingerling supplier as potential operating, investment and development partners. The proposed business structure of the project provides investment opportunities for both institutional and Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) investors as well as employee equity instruments. Namibia’s economic prospects for the future are bright given its stable economic performance, good regulatory framework, and robust private sector. The country has experienced steady growth, moderate inflation, strong external surpluses and low indebtedness over the past several years as a result of generally prudent fiscal policies, a stable political environment, a fairly developed infrastructure, and a strong legal and regulatory environment. Economic growth since independence (1991) has averaged 4.3% per annum, and the World Bank’s Investment Climate Assessment Report currently notes that Namibia has a relatively attractive investment climate. The Government of Namibia has identified aquaculture as a prime priority development area. Both Vision 2030 and the NDP2 documents summon the country’s urgency to develop aquaculture and as such the Namibian Government has created an enabling environment for investment in aquaculture.<br>Namdeb Diamond Corporation (Pty) Ltd (Namdeb) and the Oranjemund Town Management Company Limited (OTMCo)

The 800 MW Kudu power project in south-west Namibia is a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) that will use natural gas from the Kudu gas field located in the Atlantic Ocean, 170 km off-shore. The Kudu Project aims to respond to the increased power demand in the southern African region and to limit Namibia's importation of energy from South Africa. The proposed site for the CCGT power plant is located at Uubvlei (25 km north of Oranjemund town and less than a kilometre from the coast). The proximity of the ocean to the proposed site means that ocean influence will play a significant role in the meteorological factors that affect pollution dispersion in the atmosphere. It is, therefore, necessary to study its effect by quantifying the occurrence of sea breeze circulation and fog in the region. It is also essential to study the formation and structure of the Thermal Internal Boundary Layer (TIBL) at this location, for it will affect the air quality in the region by creating fumigation conditions. An analysis of the meteorological and air-pollution climatology of the region is of importance in assessing the baseline conditions present over the region. The Air Dispersion Potential (ADP) of the study region was calculated based on an integral index that combines the parameters responsible for the dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere. The meteorology and air-pollution climatology of the region are studied. These results are based on 20 years of meteorological data from the Alexander Bay weather station as well as on modelled data for a grid over the study region. The focus is predominantly on the parameters that have an influence on pollution dispersion. These include the wind speed and direction, stability conditions, mixing height, temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation. The ADP index, as proposed in the dissertation, gave an indication as to whether conditions were unfavourable, moderate or favourable for the dispersion of pollutants. It was found that, overall, the biggest contributor to favourable dispersion of air-pollution in the region is the Monin-Obukhov Length. Wind speed mostly contributes moderately to ADP, while mixing height is predominantly unfavourable. The occurrence of sea breeze circulation, foggy days, as well as the structure of the TIBL are discussed. Making use of the relevant meteorological data, it was found that sea breeze circulation occurs predominantly in the summer months. Fog conditions at the proposed site also occur mostly during the summer months, with the highest number of foggy hours being in the months of January, March and November. Fog is also expected to occur mostly between 21:00 and 09:00 at this site. All algorithms for the calculation of fog and breeze conditions, TIBL height, and ADP has been realized on MATLAB platform and can be used as a forecasting tool during the operation of the proposed CCGT power station. Taking into account the complicated coastal meteorology at the proposed site, the location is less than ideal and will present many challenges for pollutant dispersion and structural upkeep. The influence of mesoscale meteorological phenomena such as sea breezes and the TIBL, the frequent events of fog and the poor overall mixing heights in the region will all contribute unfavourably to the dispersal of pollutants emitted from the CCGT power station. Re-circulation and fumigation of pollutants will cause high ground-level pollutant concentrations in the region. A location further inland will experience better conditions for pollutant dispersion, less episodes of fog and will not experience the same corrosive effects as a coastal site. Placing the power station approximately 40 km inland could lessen or totally eliminate the effects of the unfavourable mesoscale meteorological phenomena (sea breezes and TIBL) and consequently also the processes of re-circulation and fumigation of pollutants.<br>Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2016.<br>Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology<br>MSc<br>Unrestricted

The purpose of this study was to develop Gestalt guidelines for mine worker fathers living in Oranjemund in order to enhance a dialogical relationship with their children in middle childhood. The researcher made use of the first four stages of the Design and Development model of intervention research. These stages include problem analysis and project planning, information gathering and synthesis, design and the early development of the guidelines. For the purpose of this study, focus groups were conducted with father participants and semi-structured interviews were conduct with children participants. The research study was based on existential dialogue with the focus on four main themes, namely; commitment to dialogue, presence, inclusion and confirmation. Existing literature from Gestalt approach, middle childhood and culture was used together with functional elements of other existing parent child relationship and family programmes or models, to develop the guidelines.<br>Social Work<br>M. Diac (Play Therapy)