Academic literature on the topic 'Orbicularis oris'

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Journal articles on the topic "Orbicularis oris"

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Abramo, Antonio Carlos, and Alejandro Povedano. "Orbicularis Oris Muscle." Annals of Plastic Surgery 27, no. 5 (1991): 398–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000637-199111000-00003.

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Rogers, Carolyn R., Seth M. Weinberg, Timothy D. Smith, et al. "Anatomical Basis for Apparent Subepithelial Cleft Lip: A Histological and Ultrasonographic Survey of the Orbicularis Oris Muscle." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 45, no. 5 (2008): 518–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/07-115.1.

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Objective: To determine if there is an anatomic basis for subepithelial orbicularis oris muscle defects by directly comparing ultrasonographic images of the upper lip with corresponding histological sections obtained from cadavers. Methods: Ultrasound was performed on the upper lips of previously frozen, unpreserved cadaver heads (n = 32), followed by dissection and sectioning of the upper lips. The ultrasound sequences were scored by a panel of raters, classifying the orbicularis oris muscle as negative, positive, or unknown for the presence of an orbicularis oris discontinuity (subepithelial defect). Based on ultrasound, six lip specimens were chosen for histological sectioning, were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Gomori trichrome stain, and were evaluated with light microscopy at low (8×) and intermediate (100×) magnification. Results: One cadaver was scored positive for an orbicularis oris muscle discontinuity based on ultrasound; whereas, the remaining cadavers were scored negative. Of the cadavers with negative ultrasound scores, two were noted to have orbicularis oris muscles with “irregular” features (e.g., excessive localized thinning or asymmetry). From histology, the area of discontinuity as visualized on the positively scored ultrasound was characterized by both disorganized orbicularis oris muscle fibers and excess connective tissue within the muscle belly. In contrast, the localized thinning observed on some of the negatively scored ultrasounds was not confirmed by histology. Conclusions: Abnormalities of the orbicularis oris muscle visualized by ultrasound have an anatomic basis as revealed through histology. Ultrasound is a useful tool for noninvasively identifying discontinuities of the orbicularis oris muscle.
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Kuroiedova, V. D., Y. K. Sokologorska-Nykina, O. M. Makarova, and Y. V. Rud. "THE STATE OF THE ORBICULARIS ORIS MUSCLE IN PATIENTS WITH HEARING DEPRIVATION." Ukrainian Dental Almanac, no. 2 (June 19, 2019): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2409-0255.2.2019.05.

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For the purpose of research of the functional state of students with hearing deprivation and malocclusion, an electromyographical study of the orbicularis oris muscle was performed in 19 patients. It is determined that the BP of the orbicularis oris muscle in the HIC in a state of the rest has a significant deviation from the norm, namely, there is a hyperactivity of the orbicularis oris muscle. The amplitude of BP during the functional test "maximum arbitrary lips compression" is almost twice lower than normal. For students with hearing deprivation, the asymmetry in the work of the orbicularis oris muscle, both the upper lip and the lower lip, is characteristic.
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Jacinto-Gonçalves, Suzane Rodrigues, Maria Beatriz Duarte Gavião, Fausto Berzin, Anamaria Siriani de Oliveira, and Tatiana Adamov Semeguini. "Electromyographic activity of perioral muscle in breastfed and non-breastfed children." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 29, no. 1 (2005): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.29.1.p78313306l282755.

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The objective was to verify the electrical activity of the Mm. orbicularis oris and mentalis during suction of different liquids in breastfed and non-breastfed children from 2.5-3.5 years old. It was used a signal conditioner (MCS-V2-Lynx Eletrônica Ltda, SP, BR) and Beckman Ag-AgCl bipolar surface electrodes. Breastfed children presented higher activity for mentalis and smaller values for the M. orbicular oris than non-breastfed children, suggesting the existence of different profiles of muscle activation between them.
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Abe, Takashi, Robert W. Spitz, Vickie Wong, et al. "Assessments of Facial Muscle Thickness by Ultrasound in Younger Adults: Absolute and Relative Reliability." Cosmetics 6, no. 4 (2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics6040065.

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The absolute reliability (i.e., standard error of measurement and minimal difference) of a measurement is important to consider when assessing training effects. However, the absolute reliability for ultrasound measured facial muscle thickness had not been investigated. In order to examine the absolute and relative reliability of measuring facial muscles, 98 healthy, young, and middle-aged adults (18–40 years) had ultrasound measurements taken twice, separated by an average of three days. Six facial muscles were selected to determine the reliability of facial muscle thickness. The relative reliability (ICC3,1) ranged from 0.425 for the orbicularis oris (inferior) to 0.943 for the frontalis muscle. The absolute reliability (minimal difference) ranged from 0.25 mm for the orbicularis oculi to 1.82 mm for the masseter. The percentage minimal difference was 22%, 25%, 26%, 29%, 21%, and 10% for the frontalis, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris (superior), orbicularis oris (inferior), depressor anguli oris, and masseter, respectively. Our results indicated that the relative reliability was similar to that observed previously. The absolute reliability indicated that the measurement error associated with measuring muscle thickness of the face may be greater than that of the trunk/limb muscles. This may be related to the difficulty of accurately determining the borders of each muscle.
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Baude, Marjolaine, Emilie Hutin, and Jean-Michel Gracies. "A Bidimensional System of Facial Movement Analysis Conception and Reliability in Adults." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/812961.

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Objective. To design a bidimensional facial movement measuring tool and study its reliability.Methods. We utilized the free video-analysis software Kinovea that can track preselected points during movements and measure two-point distances off-line. Three raters positioned facial markers on 10 healthy individuals and video-taped them during maximal bilateral contractions of frontalis, corrugator, orbicularis oculi, zygomaticus, orbicularis oris, and buccinator, on two occasions. Each rater also analyzed the first video twice, one week apart. For each muscle, intrarater reliability was measured by percent agreements (PA) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) between two assessments of the same video one week apart and between assessments of two videos collected one week apart. Interrater reliability was measured by PA, ICC, and coefficients of variation (CV) between assessments of the first video-recording by the three raters.Results. Intrarater and interrater reliabilities were good to excellent for frontalis (PA and ICC > 70%; CV < 15%), moderate for orbicularis oculi, zygomaticus, and orbicularis oris, and poor for corrugator and buccinators.Discussion. Without formal prior training, the proposed method was reliable for frontalis in healthy subjects. Improved marker selection, training sessions, and testing reliability in patients with facial paresis may enhance reliability for orbicularis oculi, zygomaticus, and orbicularis oris.
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Rastatter, Michael, Richard Mc Guire, and Bruce Blair. "EMG Activity of Orbicularis Oris Superior, Orbicularis Oris Inferior, and Masseter Muscles of Mild and Moderate Articulatory Disordered Children." Perceptual and Motor Skills 64, no. 3 (1987): 725–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1987.64.3.725.

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The peak amplitude of EMG activity was measured from the orbicularis oris superior, orbicularis oris inferior, and masseter muscles for 3 mild and 3 moderately articulatory disordered and 3 normal children. The three groups showed similar levels of average peak EMG activity and variance across the three muscles, suggesting that the disordered children were free to vary their patterns of activity for these muscles when repeating a series of syllable tokens.
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Acioly, Marcus André, Marina Liebsch, Carlos Henrique Carvalho, Alireza Gharabaghi, and Marcos Tatagiba. "Transcranial Electrocortical Stimulation to Monitor the Facial Nerve Motor Function During Cerebellopontine Angle Surgery." Operative Neurosurgery 66, suppl_2 (2010): ons354—ons362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000369654.41677.b7.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate the success rate of using the facial motor evoked potential (FMEP) of orbicularis oculi and oris muscles for facial nerve function monitoring with use of a stepwise protocol, and its usefulness in predicting facial nerve outcome during cerebellopontine angle (CPA) surgeries. METHODS FMEPs were recorded intraoperatively from 60 patients undergoing CPA surgeries. Transcranial electrocortical stimulation (TES) was performed using corkscrew electrodes positioned at hemispheric montage (C3/C4 and CZ). The contralateral abductor pollicis brevis muscle was used as the control response. Stimulation was always applied contralaterally to the affected side using 1, 3, or 5 rectangular pulses ranging from 200 to 600 V with 50 μs of pulse duration and an interstimulus interval of 2 ms. Facial potentials were recorded from needles placed in the orbicularis oculi and oris muscles. RESULTS FMEP from the orbicularis oris and oculi muscles could be reliably monitored in 86.7% and 85% of the patients, respectively. The immediate postoperative facial function correlated significantly with the FMEP ratio in the orbicularis oculi muscle at 80% amplitude ratio (P = .037) and orbicularis oris muscle at 35% ratio (P = .000). FMEP loss was always related to postoperative facial paresis, although in different degrees. CONCLUSION FMEPs can be obtained reliably by using TES with 3 to 5 train pulses. Stable intraoperative FMEPs can predict a good postoperative outcome of facial function. However, further refinements of this technique are necessary to minimize artifacts and to make this method more reliable.
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Hwang, Kun, Sheng Jin, Se Ho Hwang, and In Hyuk Chung. "Innervation of Upper Orbicularis Oris Muscle." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 17, no. 6 (2006): 1116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.scs.0000235107.70118.06.

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Olscamp, Ruth, Richard A. McGuire, and Michael Rastatter. "EMG Activity of the Orbicularis Oris Superior, Orbicularis Oris Inferior, and Masseter Muscles of a Cleft-Palate Child." Perceptual and Motor Skills 63, no. 2 (1986): 679–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1986.63.2.679.

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The peak amplitude of EMG activity was measured from the orbicularis oris superior (OOS), orbicularis oris inferior (OOI), and masseter muscles of a cleft-palate child and compared to data obtained from a normal child. Both children evidenced similar levels of average peak EMG activity and variability of performance across the three muscles These data were interpreted to suggest that limitations in the function of the OOS, OOI, and masseter muscles do not contribute to the articulatory anomalies exhibited by the cleft-palate child.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Orbicularis oris"

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Essenfelder, Luiz Renato Camargo. "Analise eletromiografica dos musculos orbicularis oris superior e inferior em jovens portadores de ma-oclusão classe III." [s.n.], 1992. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288242.

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Orientador: Mathias Vitti<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas,Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-19T15:57:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Essenfelder_LuizRenatoCamargo_D.pdf: 1619873 bytes, checksum: db8faaf2c161529ec7c32136993f85f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1992<br>Resumo: Foram estudados eletromiograficamente o comportamento dos músculos orbiculares superiores e inferiores da boca em um grupo de dezenove indivíduos portadores de Classe III, numa faixa etária de 14 e 15 anos. Para o exame eletromiográfico foram utilizados eletrodos de superfície, procedendo-se o referido exame sobre as regiões lateral superior e inferior e medial superior e inferior. Solicitou-se a cada indivíduo examinado que executasse uma série de dezenove movimentos com a boca; procedeu-se outrossim ao referido exame nestas mesmas regiões, enquanto os pacientes mantinham seus lábios em repouso. Aplicou-se a seguir o tratamento estatístico aos dados coletados, obtendo-se determinados resultados, os quais, após as devidas discussões, conduziram às seguintes conclusões: indivíduos com Classe 111 apresentam atividade mais significativa dos orbiculares da boca que aqueles com oclusão normal. O orbicular inferior da boca possui padrão de contração mais acentuado que o superior. No movimento de abrir totalmente a boca, os portadores de Classe III apresentam atividade elétrica significativa na região medial superior. Os movimentos beijar, compressão recíproca dos lábios e projeção dos lábios, são os mais representativos para os indivíduos para Classe III<br>Abstract: The especific reference gives evidence of the fact that even nowadays, in spite of the improvement of Orthodontics, there are still many gaps about the study of the perioral muscular function. Aiming to offer a contribuition towards clearing up the matter at issue, the Author have accomplished an eletromygraphical analysis of the superior and the inferior orbicularis oris muscles upon youngsters with Class III malocclusion. Thus, they have been able to discover several major aspects and henceforth typical to the function of the muscles ad issue<br>Doutorado<br>Ortodontia<br>Doutor em Ciências
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Asplund, Camilla, and Frida Johansson. "Aktivering av talmuskler i flytande tal hos vuxna som stammar." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Logopedi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-238220.

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Syftet med denna studie var att pröva olika teorier om stamning, avseende nivå av muskelspänning vid flytande tal. Tjugofyra försöksdeltagare ingick i studien, tolv stammande och tolv kontrolldeltagare. Försöksdeltagarnas muskelaktivitet i musklerna orbicularis oris (OO) och depressor labii inferior (DLI) uppmättes med hjälp av elektromyografi (EMG) vid flytande tal och vid en icke verbal uppgift, att puta med läpparna. De stammandes grad av stamning bedömdes med The Wright and Ayre Stuttering Self-Rating Profile (WASSP) och Stuttering Severity Instrument, fjärde upplagan, (SSI-4) för att korrelera denna med muskelaktiviteten. Ingen statistisk signifikant skillnad avseende muskelaktivitet mellan grupperna kunde påvisas, varken i flytande tal eller vid den icke verbala uppgiften. Det fanns inte heller något signifikant samband mellan den sammanlagda muskelaktiviteten av OO och DLI vid flytande tal och stamningsgrad uppmätt med SSI-4 respektive WASSP. Inget signifikant samband kunde heller ses mellan OO vid läpputning och stamningsgrad uppmätt med SSI-4 respektive WASSP. Ett negativt signifikant samband påvisades dock mellan muskelaktivering i OO vid flytande tal och självskattad stamningsgrad. Således kan resultatet tyda på att det varken finns någon muskulär hypertoni eller hypotoni i OO och DLI i stammandes flytande tal jämfört med en icke stammande kontrollgrupp. Resultatet indikerar även att det kan finnas tendens till låg muskelaktivering vid svårare stamning.
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Almada, Bruno Vinicius Pimenta de. "Comparação entre fontes de células-tronco mesenquimais na indução à regeneração óssea." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41131/tde-15102013-110559/.

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A regeneração óssea é um processo fisiológico que promove a neoformação de tecido ósseo saudável e funcional com características idênticas antes da lesão. Entretanto, frente a defeitos críticos, o osso é incapaz de se regenerar espontaneamente. Diante destas deficiências, a bioengenharia de tecidos ósseos (BTO) é uma opção promissora para a regeneração deste tipo de defeito. A maioria das abordagens de BTO utiliza as células-tronco mesenquimais da medula óssea (BMSC), porém, a coleta de BMSC dos pacientes é um processo bastante invasivo e doloroso. Por estas desvantagens, a busca por abordagens acessíveis e menos invasivas de novas fontes de células-tronco (CT) se tornou necessária. Neste contexto, as células-tronco de polpa de dentes decíduos (SHED) foram identificadas e sua aplicação na BTO, desde então, vem sendo amplamente estudada devido ao seu potencial osteogênico e por se tratar de uma fonte não invasiva. A obtenção de células-tronco do músculo orbicular do lábio (OOMDSC) também não causa dor adicional aos indivíduos, pois os fragmentos deste tecido são rotineiramente descartados durante as cirurgias de reconstrução do lábio. No presente trabalho investigamos o potencial de diferenciação osteoblástico in vitro e in vivo das OOMDSC e comparamos com as SHED, além disto, associamos estas células a biomateriais de HA/&beta;-TCP e investigamos a sua contribuição na neoformação óssea in vivo. O imunofenótipo de cada amostra de SHED e OOMDSC foi verificado para certificar a identidade de CT mesenquimais. Em seguida, as células em cultura foram submetidas à diferenciação osteoblástica in vitro. Em 9 e 14 dias de diferenciação as OOMDSC apresentaram menor atividade de fosfatase alcalina (p<0,0001) e menor marcação de matriz extracelular mineralizada, comparado às SHED (p<0,001), enquanto que em 21 dias estas diferenças não foram mais observadas. Quando associadas a biomateriais e implantadas em defeitos críticos calvariais bilaterais em ratos Wistar, tanto OOMDSC e SHED foram capazes de induzir neoformação óssea após 50 dias de cirurgia, conforme evidenciado pela análise morfológica e por micro-CT. Todavia, as células ósseas encontradas nos sítios da neoformação óssea não eram de origem humana. A avaliação da neoformação óssea in vivo induzida por SHED assim como a sua distribuição no enxerto foi verificada também em 07, 15 e 30 dias pós-cirúrgicos. Nestes períodos não há evidência de neoformação óssea, entretanto, as SHED estão localizadas no tecido conjuntivo que se forma e preenche o enxerto. Além disto, os dados sugerem que estas células estão relacionadas à modificações na microarquitetura do biomaterial e ainda à modulação dos números dos osteoclastos, também verificada nestas amostras. Portanto, podemos concluir que as OOMDSC são tão capazes de se diferenciar em osteoblastos quanto às SHED in vitro, porém esta diferenciação é mais lenta. Os experimentos in vivo indicam que as SHED possuem maior capacidade de indução à neoformação óssea quando comparadas às OOMDSC e que, em nosso modelo, as CT humanas não se diferenciam em osteoblastos in vivo. De qualquer forma a adição das CT ao biomaterial favorece a neoformação óssea, variações de microarquitetura e modulação dos osteoclastos. O fato de as ilhas ósseas não serem de origem humana indica que as células-tronco possam estar secretando fatores de indução à osteogênese, estimulando a neoformação óssea a partir das células do hospedeiro.<br>Bone regeneration is a physiological process, which promotes the growth of tissue at the site of injury, with the same characteristics of the original bone. However, when faced with critical defects the bone is unable to regenerate spontaneously. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is a promising option for regenerating this type of defect. The majority of the approaches in BTE use Bone Marrow derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSC); however, the aspiration of bone marrow is a very invasive and painful procedure. Due to these disadvantages, the search for new, affordable and less invasive sources of stem cells (SC) has become necessary. In this context, stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) have been identified and their application in BTE, since then, has been widely studied because they can be obtained non-invasively and due to their osteogenic potential. Stem cells from the orbicularis oris muscle (OOMDSC) are also obtained non-invasively and do not cause additional pain to individuals, because the fragments of this tissue are routinely discarded during lip reconstruction surgeries. In the present work we investigated, in vitro and in vivo, the osteoblastic differentiation potential of OOMDSC and compared with SHED; furthermore, we associated these cells with HA/&beta;-TCP scaffolds and investigate its contribution in the bone formation in vivo. The immunophenotype of each OOMDSC and SHED sample was verified to attest their mesenchymal stem cell identity. Then, cell cultures were submitted to osteoblastic differentiation in vitro. In 9 and 14 days of differentiation, OOMDSC exhibited lower alkaline phosphatase activity (p <0.0001) and lower mineralized extracellular matrix staining compared to SHED (p <0.001), whereas at 21 days, these differences were no longer observed. When associated with scaffolds and implanted into bilateral critical-sized calvarial defects in Wistar rats, both OOMDSC and SHED were able to induce bone formation after 50 days of surgery, as evidenced by morphological analysis and micro-CT. However, bone cells found at sites of bone formation were not of human origin. The evaluation of new bone formation in vivo induced by SHED as well as its distribution in the graft was performed at 07, 15 and 30 days after surgery. During these periods there was no evidence of new bone formation, however, SHED were located in the connective tissue that formed and filled the graft. Furthermore, our results suggest that these cells are related to changes in the microarchitecture of the scaffold and also to the modulation of the number of osteoclasts observed in these samples. In summary, our results suggest that OOMDSC are as capable to differentiate into osteoblasts as SHED in vitro, but this differentiation is slower. In vivo experiments indicate that SHED has a greater ability to induce bone formation when compared with OOMDSC, and that in our model, the human stem cells do not differentiate into osteoblasts in vivo. Nonetheless, the addition of SC to the scaffolds promotes bone formation, as well as variations in microarchitecture and modulation of osteoclasts. The fact that the bone islands are not of human origin indicates that the stem cells may be secreting osteogenesis-inducing factors, stimulating the host\'s cells to regenerate the defects.
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Polido, Aline. "Eletromiografia de superfície dos músculos orbicular da boca, bucinador, supra-hióideos e masseteres de pacientes com disfunção temporomandibular durante exercícios miofuncionais orais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-18022010-132843/.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade elétrica dos músculos da mímica de pacientes com dor muscular mastigatória utilizando eletromiografia de superfície. Foram avaliadas 15 mulheres com dor muscular mastigatória (idade média de 33.4, variando de 22-44), grupo de estudo (GMM) e 21 mulheres (idade média de 28.5, variando de 21-45), do grupo controle (GC) Foram realizadas avaliação clínica fonoaudiológica e eletromiográfica (eletromiógrafo ADS 1200, da Lynx Tecnologia Eletrônica Ltda, eletrodos de disco de prata, descartáveis, gel condutor, auto-adesivos com 10mm de diâmetro por HAL Ind. e Com. LTDA) dos músculos: orbicular dos lábios, bucinador, supra-hióideos e masseter em repouso e nos movimentos: protrusão dos lábios, apertamento dos lábios, inflar bochechas, sorriso fechado e sorriso aberto. Houve diferença significativa entre os grupos: os valores da eletromiografia de repouso foram inferiores para o músculo masseter direito (p=0.012) e esquerdo (p=0.019); nos movimentos, os valores eletromiográficos foram superiores no grupo controle durante os movimentos: protrusão dos lábios bucinador esquerdo (p=0.005); suprahióideo esquerdo (p=0.011); apertamento dos lábios bucinador esquerdo (p=0.005); bucinador direito (p=0.007); supra-hióideo esquerdo (p=0.046); supra-hióideo direito (p=0.039); orbicular superior (p=0.042); inflar as bochechas masseter esquerdo (p=0.021); bucinador esquerdo (p=0.007); bucinador direito (p=0.002); orbicular superior (p=0.039); sorriso fechado masseter esquerdo (p=0.004); masseter direito (p=0.019); bucinador esquerdo (p=0.013); supra-hióideo esquerdo (p=0.046) e no sorriso aberto masseter esquerdo (p=0.030). Desta forma, o músculo de maior atividade eletromiográfica foi o orbicular da boca. No repouso, os valores foram inferiores para o masseter e superiores para os demais músculos e nos movimentos, os valores foram superiores em todos os músculos para o grupo de estudo<br>The objective this study is assess the electric activity of mimic muscles in patients with masticatory muscle pain using surface electromyography (EMG). Was evaluated 15 women with masticatory muscle pain (mean age 33.4, ranging between 22 44 years old), study group (GMM) and 21 women (mean age 28.5, ranging between 21 45 years old), control group (CG). Clinical phonoaudiological and electromyographic assessments were performed (electromyograph ADS 1200 of Lynx Tecnologia Eletrônica Ltda, 10mm disposable pregelled self-adhesive silver disk electrodes of HAL Ind. e Com. LTDA) in the muscles: orbicularis oris, buccinator, suprahyoid and masseter, both at rest and in movement: lip protrusion, lip contraction, cheek inflation, close smile and open smile. There was significant difference between the groups: the values of the electromyography at rest were lower for the right and left masseter muscle (p=0.012 and p=0.019, respectively); in movement, the eletromyographic values were higher in the group control during movement: lip protrusion right buccinator (p=0.005); left suprahyoid (p=0.011); lip contraction left buccinator (p=0.005); right buccinator (p=0.007); left suprahyoid (p=0.046); right suprahyoid (p=0.039); orbicularis oris (p=0.042); cheek inflation left masseter (p=0.021); left buccinator (p=0.007); right buccinator (p=0.002); orbicularis oris (p=0.039); closed smile left masseter (p=0.004); right masseter (p=0.019); left buccinator (p=0.013); left suprahyoid (p=0.046); open smile left masseter (p=0.030). Thus, the orbicularis oris muscle presented the highest EMG activity. At rest, the values were lower for the masseter and higher for the other muscles and, in movement, the values were higher for all the muscles in the study group
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Book chapters on the topic "Orbicularis oris"

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Kozawa, T., S. Murakami, and N. Yanagihara. "Motor Innervation Pattern of the Orbicularis Oris Muscle in Guinea Pig." In The Facial Nerve. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85090-5_24.

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Goldfinger, Eliot. "Individual Muscles Attachments, Action, & Structure." In Animal Anatomy for Artists. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195142143.003.0010.

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Abstract:
The muscles of the head consist of the chewing muscles (temporalis, masseter, and digastric) and the facial muscles (zygomaticus, orbicularis oris, etc.). The chewing muscles are thick and volumetric, and they originate and insert on bone. They open and close the lower jaw, with the action taking place at the jaw joint (temporomandibular joint). The facial muscles are thin. They originate either from the skull or from the surface of other muscles, and they generally insert into other facial muscles or into the skin. When they contract, they move the features of the face (eyes, nose, mouth, ears). As they pull the facial features, they often gather the skin into folds and wrinkles that lie perpendicular to the direction of their muscular fibers (perpendicular to the direction of pull). The mouth region receives the most muscles; therefore, it is the most mobile part of the face. Some facial muscles are so thin that they do not create any direct form on the surface (caninus, malaris, orbicularis oculi), whereas other facial muscles or their tendons may create surface form directly (buccinator, levator labii maxillaris, zygomaticus, and depressor labii mandibularis). Facial muscles are generally more visible on the surface in the horse and the ox than in the dog and feline. The facial muscles, as they move the eyes, nose, mouth, and ears, generate whatever facial expressions animals are capable of producing. . . . • Attachment: A short ligament at the inner corner of the eye, whose inner end attaches to the skull. . . . . . . • Action: Eyelid portion: closes eyelids (blinking), primarily by depressing the upper eyelid. Outer portion: tightens and compresses the skin surrounding the eye, protecting the eyeball. . . . . . . • Structure: The orbicularis oculi is a flat, elliptical muscle consisting of two portions. The eyelid portion lies in the upper and lower eyelids, and the outer portion surrounds the eye and lies on the skull. . . .
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