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Journal articles on the topic 'Orbital apex syndrome'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Sharma, Aakanksha, Neha Mohammed, and Indu Bala. "Orbital Apex Syndrome – A Case Report." Annals of International Medical and Dental Research 9, no. 2 (2023): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2023.9.9.

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Orbital apex syndrome is characterized by vision loss and ophthalmoplegia due to the involvement of the orbital apex. The signs and symptoms vary depending upon the involvement of the structures within the orbital apex, the superior orbital fissure or the cavernous sinus. Clinical evaluation is the key to the diagnosis which is aided by neuro-imaging modalities including brain and orbital Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography scans. In rare instances, a biopsy may be needed to aid in diagnosis. Treatment depends on what the nature of the lesion.

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2

Dutta, Eshani. "ORBITAL APEX SYNDROME." First Issue 2022 Volume 10, Issue 1 (2022): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36611/upjohns/volume10/issue1/9.

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The orbital apex syndrome is a relatively uncommon entity, characterized by retrobulbar pain, supraorbital nerve hypoesthesia, palpebral ptosis, loss of vision, ophthalmoplegia and fixed mydriasis caused by involvement of the structures within the orbital apex, namely, second (optic), third (oculomotor), fourth (trochlear), fifth (Opthalmic divison of trigeminal) and sixth (abducens) cranial nerves. Presenting a case of 62 year diabetic male with complaints of loss of vision, ptosis. Management of orbital apex syndrome mainly depends upon localization of the lesion, identification of the etiol

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3

Yeh, Steven, and Rod Foroozan. "Orbital apex syndrome." Current Opinion in Ophthalmology 15, no. 6 (2004): 490–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.icu.0000144387.12739.9c.

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4

Borchard, Nicole A., and Jayakar V. Nayak. "Orbital Apex Syndrome." New England Journal of Medicine 378, no. 17 (2018): e23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmicm1703770.

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5

Zachariades, N., E. Vairaktaris, D. Papavassiliou, D. Triantafyllou, and M. Mezitis. "Orbital apex syndrome." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 16, no. 3 (1987): 352–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0901-5027(87)80158-3.

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6

Bray, William H., Joseph Giangiacomo, and Carl H. Ide. "Orbital apex syndrome." Survey of Ophthalmology 32, no. 2 (1987): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6257(87)90106-8.

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7

Barros, Lívio Leite, Pedro Lucas Grangeiro de Sá Barreto Lima, Pedro Helder de Oliveira Júnior, et al. "Peculiar aetiology for orbital apex syndrome: Wyburn-Mason syndrome as orbital apex lesion." BMJ Neurology Open 6, no. 1 (2024): e000559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjno-2023-000559.

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BackgroundWyburn-Mason syndrome is a rare, non-hereditary congenital disease, belonging to the group of neurocutaneous syndromes with fewer than 100 cases reported since its first description in 1937.Case reportA young adult man was initially evaluated at the age of 2 years for proptosis and progressive visual impairment of the right eye, followed by impairment in ocular abduction, adduction and elevation as well as amaurosis. MRI revealed an expansive formation centred in the right orbit compromising conal spaces with distortion of eye muscles and optic nerve. The lesion extended through the

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8

Maurya, Rajendra P., Kajal Pal, Syeed Mehbub Ul Kadir, et al. "Orbital apex syndrome: A review." IP International Journal of Ocular Oncology and Oculoplasty 8, no. 4 (2023): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijooo.2022.051.

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An orbital apex syndrome (OAS) has been described previously as a syndrome involving damage to the ocular motor and sensory nerves in association with optic nerve dysfunction. Patients usually present with signs and symptoms derived from the involvement of structures within the orbital apex, the superior orbital fissure, and the cavernous sinus. Visual loss from optic neuropathy and ophthalmoplegia involving multiple cranial nerves are the hallmarks of orbital apex syndrome. Historically, superior orbital fissure, orbital apex, and cavernous sinus are being used to define the anatomical locati

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9

Gupta, Ritesh, and Yasser A. Khan. "Traumatic orbital apex syndrome." Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology 50, no. 1 (2015): e8-e11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjo.2014.10.013.

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10

Badakere, Akshay, and Preeti Patil- Chhablani. "Orbital Apex Syndrome: A Review." Eye and Brain Volume 11 (December 2019): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/eb.s180190.

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11

Preechawat, Pisit, Pattama Wongwatthana, Anuchit Poonyathalang, and Araya Chusattayanond. "Orbital Apex Syndrome From Gnathostomiasis." Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology 26, no. 3 (2006): 184–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.wno.0000235586.33417.bc.

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12

Rambhatla, Saptagirish, and Neha Arora. "Azathioprine in orbital apex syndrome." Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 7, no. 3 (2020): 210–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2020.034.

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13

El-Sayed, Yousry, and Hamad Al-Muhaimeid. "Acute visual loss in association with sinusitis." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 107, no. 9 (1993): 840–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100124582.

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AbstractAcute visual loss may occur in association with sinusitis either as a complication of orbital cellulitis or, less frequently, as a part of the orbital apex syndrome. We describe two cases of temporary monocular visual loss caused by sinusitis. In one case the visual loss was due to orbital cellulitis; while in the other patient it was due to incompletely developed orbital apex syndrome. This later mode of presentation is called ‘partial orbital apex syndrome’ by some authors and ‘posterior orbital cellulitis’ by others.The relationship between sinusitis and blindness is discussed.

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14

Goyal, Pradeep, Steven Lee, Nishant Gupta, et al. "Orbital apex disorders: Imaging findings and management." Neuroradiology Journal 31, no. 2 (2018): 104–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1971400917740361.

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Orbital apex disorders include orbital apex syndrome, superior orbital fissure syndrome and cavernous sinus syndrome. These disorders result from various etiologies, including trauma, neoplastic, developmental, infectious, inflammatory as well as vascular causes. In the past, these have been described separately based on anatomical locations of disease process; however, these three disorders share similar causes, diagnostic evaluation and management strategies. The etiology is diverse and management is directed to the causative process. This imaging review summarizes the pertinent anatomy of t

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15

Pavani, Adi S. S., Sileveru C. Mouli, Varanasi Swetha, and Karishma. "Orbital apex syndrome secondary to sinusitis." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 10, no. 6 (2024): 770–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20243526.

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The orbital apex disorders include superior orbital fissure syndrome, cavernous sinus syndrome, and orbital apex syndrome. A 50-year female patient presented to hospital with complaints of right eye heaviness since 3 days, decrease vision since 5 days. Right sided headache, right eye blurred vision, ptosis of right eye lid for 1 week. On ophthalmologic examination ptosis and blurred vision in right eye seen. Visual acuity in right eye shows counting fingers close to fingers (CFCF), exotropia, extraocular movements reduced. Computed tomography paranasal sinus (CT PNS) plain and contract showed

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16

Tsoutsanis, Panagiotis, and Dimitrios Kapantais. "Orbital apex syndrome secondary to Sweet syndrome." BMJ Case Reports 18, no. 1 (2025): e262085. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2024-262085.

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Sweet syndrome (SS), or acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, is a dermatologic, auto-inflammatory disorder of unclear origin, often accompanied by systemic inflammation affecting various tissues, including the eyes. Common ocular manifestations include conjunctivitis but can extend to other ocular tissues. Orbital apex syndrome (OAS) involves damage to several cranial nerves transversing the orbital apex, leading to ophthalmoplegia and vision loss. This case report describes a rare case of OAS secondary to SS. A woman in her 50s with a history of SS presented with right eye loss of vision an

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17

Imaizumi, Atsushi, Kunihiro Ishida, Yasunari Ishikawa, and Izuru Nakayoshi. "Successful Treatment of the Traumatic Orbital Apex Syndrome due to Direct Bone Compression." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 7, no. 4 (2014): 318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1390245.

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Orbital apex syndrome is an uncommon but severe ocular complication of craniomaxillofacial fracture. The optimal treatment strategy for this very rare traumatic syndrome has not been well established. We present a case in which traumatic orbital apex syndrome was caused by direct compression from the displaced fracture segments. Visual and extraocular function both improved quickly after emergency decompression surgery. This case suggests that managing the direct type of traumatic orbital apex syndrome with craniomaxillofacial fracture with a combination of urgent reduction of impinging bone a

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18

Yoo, Jae Ho, Ki Yup Nam, Seung Uk Lee, and Sang Joon Lee. "Orbital Apex Syndrome after Uneventful Phacoemulsification." Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 57, no. 12 (2016): 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2016.57.12.1994.

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19

Sadaba, L. M., A. García-Layana, P. J. Garcia-Gomez, and A. Salinas-Alaman. "Sarcomatoid Carcinoma and Orbital Apex Syndrome." European Journal of Ophthalmology 16, no. 4 (2006): 608–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112067210601600417.

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20

Wi, Jae Min, and Mijung Chi. "Rhabdomyolysis Presenting as Orbital Apex Syndrome." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 27, no. 1 (2016): e48-e50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000002308.

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21

Gawley, S. D., C. E. McAvoy, R. M. Best, and P. A. Flynn. "Traumatic self-induced orbital apex syndrome." Eye 21, no. 11 (2007): 1451–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.eye.6702978.

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22

Nayar, R. C., R. P. Mathur, A. Gulati, and S. B. S. Mann. "Orbital apex syndrome due to rhinoscleroma." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 99, no. 6 (1985): 597–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100097310.

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23

Moraes, Sylvio, Alexandre Afonso, Roberto Santos, Ricardo Mattos, and Bruno Duarte. "Orbital apex syndrome following craniofacial trauma." Journal of the Brazilian College of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 1, no. 1 (2015): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14436/2358-2782.1.1.053-059.oar.

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24

Balch, Kyle, Paul H. Phillips, and Nancy J. Newman. "Painless Orbital Apex Syndrome From Mucormycosis." Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology 17, no. 3 (1997): 178???182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00041327-199709000-00006.

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25

Sasindran, Vivek, A. Ravikumar, and Senthil. "Orbital apex syndrome in a child." Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 60, no. 1 (2008): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12070-008-0020-2.

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26

Chua, Jocelyn LL, and James F. Cullen. "Fungal Pan-sinusitis with Severe Visual Loss in Uncontrolled Diabetes." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 37, no. 11 (2008): 964–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v37n11p964.

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Introduction: Invasive fungal pan-sinusitis can present atypically with severe acute visual loss with minimal anterior orbital inflammation. We describe 2 such cases with a background of uncontrolled diabetes. Clinical Picture: Respective clinical presentations of orbital apex and cavernous sinus syndromes were associated with isolation of Aspergillus galactomannan and Rhizopus. Treatment: Urgent extensive surgical debridement and systemic antifungal is necessary. Outcome: Clinical improvement of the ocular motor nerves can be expected within 2 months of treatment but visual loss is usually pe

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27

Malton, Mark L., and John S. Kennerdell. "Orbital aspergillosis producing an orbital apex syndrome and enophthalmos." Orbit 7, no. 1 (1988): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01676838809036118.

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28

Pfeiffer, Margaret L., Helen A. Merritt, Lucy A. Bailey, Karina Richani, and Margaret E. Phillips. "Orbital apex syndrome from bacterial sinusitis without orbital cellulitis." American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports 10 (June 2018): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajoc.2018.01.041.

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29

Vasiwala, Rafiqahmed Abdulkarim, Wong Zhen Yu, Tee Chen Giap, Ashiya Rafiq, and Irfan Mohamad. "Facial nerve palsy as an unusual presentation of orbital apex syndrome." Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna 17, no. 2 (2021): 176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/pimr.2021.0028.

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Clinical cases of orbital apex syndrome are rare and most commonly manifested as a complication of fungal sinusitis, mainly in immunocompromised and poorly controlled diabetic patients. Rhino-orbital mucormycosis is a rare opportunistic, aggressive and fatal infection caused by mucor. The complex presentation of orbital apex syndrome not only poses a diagnostic challenge but also demands a multidisciplinary approach in patient management. Facial nerve palsy is an unusual presentation in orbital apex syndrome. We report the case of a 64-year-old diabetic patient presenting with ophthalmoplegia

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30

C, Chandrakiran, and Trupthi Uthappa. "Orbital Apex Syndrome: An Uncommon Complication caused by a Common Nasal Commensal." Bengal Journal of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery 29, no. 3 (2022): 306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47210/bjohns.2021.v29i3.556.

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Introduction Orbital apex syndrome, an uncommon condition seen in ENT practice, is characterised by multiple cranial neuropathies, presenting as visual loss, ophthalmoplegia, ptosis and hypoesthesia of forehead due to involvement of Cranial nerves III, IV, VI and V1. Case Report This is a case of an 80-year-old female patient, with poorly controlled Type 2 Diabetes mellitus and Hypertension, who presented with right sided headache of 10 days duration, drooping of right eyelid and decreased vision in right eye for 3 days. Clinically, there were features suggestive of right orbital apex syndrome

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31

Nathaniel, Fernando, Irawaty Hawari, Yohanes Firmansyah, and Dean Ascha Wijaya. "Sinusitis-Induced Orbital Apex Syndrome with Unusual Presentation of Facial Nerve Palsy In HIV-Positive Patient." Malahayati Nursing Journal 5, no. 8 (2023): 2787–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v5i8.10962.

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ABSTRACT Orbital Apex Syndrome (OAS) is a rare ophthalmological disorder characterized by complex symptoms originating from lesions at the orbital apex. Herein, we report a 60-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension presented with a swollen left eye and sudden visual loss. He also had nasal symptoms before his admission. Treatment includes broad-spectrum antibiotics and antifungals with additional diabetes management and HIV evaluation. OAS, a severe and uncommon complication of a sinusitis infection, can present with diverse symptoms and cause nerve damage in the orb

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32

Arda, Hatice, Ertugrul Mirza, Koray Gumus, Ayse Oner, Sarper Karakucuk, and Ender Sırakaya. "Orbital Apex Syndrome in Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus." Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/854503.

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Orbital apex syndrome is a rare manifestation of Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus. Herein we report on a case of orbital apex syndrome secondary to Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus. A 75 year-old male complained of vision loss, conjunctival hyperemia and proptosis on the left eye, was referred to our clinic. Visual acuity was 5/10 Snellen lines and he had conjunctival hyperemia, chemosis, minimal nuclear cataract and proptosis on the left eye. A diagnosis of orbital pseudotumor was demonstrated firstly. The patient received oral and topical corticosteroids, antiinflammatory and antibiotic agents. On day 2

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33

Vrînceanu, Daniela, B. Bănică, Adriana Nica, and Alina Popa-Cherecheanu. "TRAUMATIC SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE SYNDROME - A CASE REPORT." Romanian Journal of Emergency Surgery 1, no. 1 (2020): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33695/rojes.v1i1.5.

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The superior orbital apex syndrome is a relatively uncommon complication of midface maxillofacial trauma. The clinical symptoms consist in ophthalmoplegia, palpebral ptosis, exophthalmia, fixed mydriasis, retrobulbar pain and supraorbital nerve hypoesthesia by involvement of the third (oculomotor nerve), fourth (trochlear), fifth (trigeminal) and sixth nerve (abducens). If there is involvement of the optical nerve, the syndrome is termed - orbital apex syndrome. In this article, we will present the case of a 33-years old male, victim of human aggression with traumatic superior orbital apex syn

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34

Sandhya, CS, DMurali Krishna, C. Jagannath, G. Srinivas, and K. Radhika. "Orbital apex syndrome secondary to nasopharyngeal carcinoma." Journal of Clinical and Scientific Research 4, no. 2 (2015): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.15380/2277-5706.jcsr.14.036.

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35

Chee, Elaine, and Audrey Looi. "Onodi Sinusitis Presenting with Orbital Apex Syndrome." Orbit 28, no. 6 (2009): 422–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01676830903177419.

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36

Peter, Neena M., and Andrew R. Pearson. "Orbital Apex Syndrome from Blunt Ocular Trauma." Orbit 29, no. 1 (2010): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01676830903190123.

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37

Hayasaka, Seiji, Masako Uchida, Tomoichi Setogawa, Kaoru Imaoka, Shingo Yamagata, and Makoto Sawamura. "Polyarteritis nodosa presenting as orbital apex syndrome." Orbit 9, no. 2 (1990): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01676839009012357.

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38

Lim, C. C., I. C. Liao, and W. J. A. Lee. "Orbital apex syndrome secondary to fungal sinusitis." QJM: An International Journal of Medicine 113, no. 3 (2019): 205–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcz279.

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39

Kim, Jin Won, Min Seok Rha, Jeong Hong Kim, and Ju Wan Kang. "Orbital Apex Syndrome Caused by Invasive Aspergillosis." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 25, no. 2 (2014): e191-e193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000000442.

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40

Konishi, T., T. Saida, and H. Nishitani. "Orbital apex syndrome caused by rheumatoid nodules." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 49, no. 4 (1986): 460–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.49.4.460-a.

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41

Chua, C. N., A. R. Gibson, and J. Frank. "An unusual cause of orbital apex syndrome." Eye 15, no. 3 (2001): 342–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/eye.2001.113.

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42

Kumagai, Masaki, Sho Hashimoto, Hideaki Suzuki, Kazuto Matsuura, and Etsu Takahashi. "Orbital apex syndrome caused by sphenoethmoid mucocele." Auris Nasus Larynx 30, no. 3 (2003): 295–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0385-8146(03)00056-7.

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43

Besada, Eulogio, Megan Hunter, and Benjamin Bittner. "An uncommon presentation of orbital apex syndrome." Optometry - Journal of the American Optometric Association 78, no. 7 (2007): 339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optm.2007.04.086.

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44

Gulati, Sheffali, Lokesh Saini, Biswaroop Chakrabarty, and Atin Kumar. "Orbital apex syndrome: a clinico-anatomical diagnosis." Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences 15, no. 3 (2020): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpn.jpn_114_20.

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45

Tanaka, Yuji, and Kazuo Satomi. "Orbital apex syndrome with invasive sinus aspergillosis." Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience 7, no. 1 (2018): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ncn3.12235.

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46

Yang, Sang Cheol, Hee Young Choi, and Hyeshin Jeon. "Two Cases of Orbital Apex Syndrome after Blunt Orbital Trauma." Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 59, no. 9 (2018): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2018.59.9.893.

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47

Eo, SuRak, John Y. Kim, and Kodi Azari. "Temporary Orbital Apex Syndrome after Repair of Orbital Wall Fracture." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 116, no. 5 (2005): 85e—89e. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000182351.29929.7a.

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48

Chang, Chung-Chih, Yung-Ching Chang, Kuei-Ying Su, et al. "Acute Orbital Apex Syndrome Caused by Idiopathic Sclerosing Orbital Inflammation." Diagnostics 12, no. 12 (2022): 3003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12123003.

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Idiopathic sclerosing orbital inflammation (ISOI) is a distinct entity among other orbital diseases. It is characterized by marked fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration that can damage orbital structures. Clinical manifestations were variable, including ocular and periocular redness, proptosis, and pain. Ocular motor restrictions and optic nerve dysfunction might occur in severe cases. We herein report a patient of ISOI who presented with total ophthalmoplegia and acute vision loss. His symptoms were relieved mainly as his vision improved to 20/25 after receiving corticosteroid and immun

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49

Zhou, GuangMing, Bo Yu, YunHai Tu, JieLiang Shi, and WenCan Wu. "Endoscopic Transethmosphenoid Optic Canal and Orbital Apex Decompression for Patients With Traumatic Orbital Apex Syndrome." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 31, no. 1 (2020): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000005904.

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50

Jayamurthy, Pavithra, Renuga Devi, P. Nallamuthu, and Vinitha Angalan. "Secondaries from retromolar trigone carcinoma leading to orbital apex disorders." Global Journal of Health Sciences and Research 1 (February 20, 2023): 48–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/gjhsr_11_2022.

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Orbital apex disorders (OADs) are uncommon and they include – orbital apex syndrome (OAS), superior orbital fissure syndrome (SOFS), and cavernous sinus syndrome (CSS). They all share similar etiologies, diagnostic evaluation, and management strategies. These syndromes can occur isolated or combined – where SOFS progresses and develops into OAS or CSS. Combined presentation has been reported with infective etiologies, but no literature is available for neoplasms. OAD secondary to head and neck cancer is exceptionally rare. A 44-year-old male post left hemi-mandibulectomy with modified neck dis

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