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Journal articles on the topic "ORC unit"
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Willers, Ole W., Harald Kunte, and Jörg Seume. "ORC Turbine-Generator Unit for Truck Applications." ATZ worldwide 119, no. 10 (September 29, 2017): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38311-017-0095-z.
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Wiśniewski, Sławomir, and Aleksandra Borsukiewicz-Gozdur. "The influence of vapor superheating on the level of heat regeneration in a subcritical ORC coupled with gas power plant." Archives of Thermodynamics 31, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10173-010-0022-9.
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The influence of vapor superheating on the level of heat regeneration in a subcritical ORC coupled with gas power plantThe authors presented problems related to utilization of exhaust gases of the gas turbine unit for production of electricity in an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power plant. The study shows that the thermal coupling of ORC cycle with a gas turbine unit improves the efficiency of the system. The undertaken analysis concerned four the so called "dry" organic fluids: benzene, cyclohexane, decane and toluene. The paper also presents the way how to improve thermal efficiency of Clausius-Rankine cycle in ORC power plant. This method depends on applying heat regeneration in ORC cycle, which involves pre-heating the organic fluid via vapour leaving the ORC turbine. As calculations showed this solution allows to considerably raise the thermal efficiency of Clausius-Rankine cycle.
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Branchini, Lisa, Andrea De Pascale, Francesco Melino, and Noemi Torricelli. "Optimum Organic Rankine Cycle Design for the Application in a CHP Unit Feeding a District Heating Network." Energies 13, no. 6 (March 12, 2020): 1314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061314.
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Improvement of energy conversion efficiency in prime movers has become of fundamental importance in order to respect EU 2020 targets. In this context, hybrid power plants comprising combined heat and power (CHP) prime movers integrated with the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) create interesting opportunities to additionally increase the first law efficiency and flexibility of the system. The possibility of adding supplementary electric energy production to a CHP system, by converting the prime movers’ exhaust heat with an ORC, was investigated. The inclusion of the ORC allowed operating the prime movers at full-load (thus at their maximum efficiency), regardless of the heat demand, without dissipating not required high enthalpy-heat. Indeed, discharged heat was recovered by the ORC to produce additional electric power at high efficiency. The CHP plant in its original arrangement (comprising three internal combustion engines of 8.5 MW size each) was compared to a new one, involving an ORC, assuming three different layout configurations and thus different ORC off-design working conditions at user thermal part-load operation. Results showed that the performance of the ORC, on the year basis, strongly depended on its part-load behavior and on its regulation limits. Indeed, the layout that allowed to produce the maximum amount of ORC electric energy per year (about 10 GWh/year) was the one that could operate for the greatest number of hours during the year, which was different from the one that exhibited the highest ORC design power. However, energetic analysis demonstrated that all the proposed solutions granted to reduce the global primary energy consumption of about 18%, and they all proved to be a good investment since they allowed to return on the investment in barely 5 years, by selling the electric energy at a minimum price equal to 70 EUR/MWh.
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Inglut, Collin, Kyle Kausch, Alan Gray, and Matthew Landrigan. "Rejuvenation of Stored Red Blood Cells Increases Oxygen Release Capacity." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 4808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.4808.4808.
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Abstract Introduction: The goal of a red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is to treat anemia and improve oxygen delivery to tissues (Sharma 2011). RBC metabolic changes during liquid storage increases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen by depletion of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG). This change reduces the partial pressure of O2 where the oxygen tension of hemoglobin is 50% saturated (p50). Transfusion of stored RBCs manifests immediate deficits in patient 2,3-DPG concentration after surgery with incomplete in vivo restoration 72 hours post-surgery (Scott 2016). This change may bring into question the efficiency of peripheral oxygen unloading of liquid stored RBCs following transfusion. Ex-vivo rejuvenation of allogeneic RBCs increases the levels of ATP and 2,3-DPG and increases the p50 of stored RBCs by right-shifting the Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve (ODC) (Dennis 1979). RBC Oxygen Release Capacity (ORC) is determined by the percent of oxygen removed from hemoglobin across the arterial (100 mmHg O2) - venous (40 mmHg O2) pressure gradient (Li 2016). The objective was to evaluate the changes in 2,3-DPG and p50 during routine blood bank storage for 35 days and the impact on ORC after RBC rejuvenation. Methods: Five (5) units of human whole blood were collected in CPD, processed into leukocyte reduced RBC units and stored in an additive solution (AS-1). Nearly fresh RBC were obtained from a local blood center after days 3 - 6 of storage at 1-6 °C and then stored up to 35 days at 1-6 °C. A ten (10) mL aliquot was withdrawn from each unit on the day of receipt, then on Days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35. Each aliquot was split equally by volume into Control (untreated) and Rejuvenated Groups (n=5 per group). The Rejuvenated samples (5 mL) were incubated with 0.8 mL rejuvesol™ Solution (Zimmer Biomet) in a dry air blood warmer (Sarstedt SAHARA-III) for one hour at 37 °C. Complete blood counts (CELL-DYN 3700), ODC (TCS Scientific Corp Hemox-Analyzer), and 2,3-DPG (Roche) on perchloric acid extracts were collected. The ORC was calculated from the ODC as previously described (Li 2016). Results: Five (5) units of CPD/AS-1 RBC units were received less than one week post-donation (5.0 ± 1.2 Days). As expected in the Control Group aliquots (n = 5), 2,3-DPG concentration and the p50 value declined significantly (p < 0.001, ANOVA) from Day 7 through Day 35 (Figure 1). Rejuvenated Group aliquots exhibited a significant increase in 2,3-DPG concentration and improved p50 (p < 0.001, t-test) at each storage interval after incubation with rejuvesol Solution compared to untreated Control aliquots (Figure 1). RBC rejuvenation shifted the ODC to the right (Figure 2) and significantly increased the ORC compared to Control aliquots (Figure 3). The ORC of Rejuvenated aliquots did not decline significantly with storage duration (p = 0.11, ANOVA) while Control aliquots were significantly impacted with storage duration (p < 0.001, ANOVA). Conclusion: Reduction in ORC with storage duration of unrejuvenated RBCs suggests impaired oxygen tissue delivery occurs with stored RBCs to the tissue microenvironment. Transfusion practices designed to increase hemoglobin concentration may be less effective with increased RBC age because of reduced oxygen release capacity. These in vitro results confirm previous reports regarding 2,3-DPG changes during storage and treatment with rejuvenation (Valeri 2000). Additional research is proposed to confirm these observations on full RBC units, the clinical impact of reduced oxygen release capacity, and what impact RBCs with a superphysiological ORC have on the tissue microenvironment. Figure 1 RBC p50 (mm Hg) and 2,3-DPG concentration (mmol/g Hb) for paired Rejuvenated and Control groups after storage for 3-6, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days. 2,3-DPG and p50 values were significantly different between groups at each time-point (p < 0.001, t-test). Figure 1. RBC p50 (mm Hg) and 2,3-DPG concentration (mmol/g Hb) for paired Rejuvenated and Control groups after storage for 3-6, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days. 2,3-DPG and p50 values were significantly different between groups at each time-point (p < 0.001, t-test). Figure 2 A representative ODC for a RBC aliquot stored for 21 days (Gray) and the "right-shift" of the curve with rejuvenation (Black) used to determine the ORC. The two vertical dashed lines represent the venous PO2 (40 mmHg) and arterial PO2 (100 mmHg). The solid line represents a typical p50 value of Control and Rejuvenated aliquots. Figure 2. A representative ODC for a RBC aliquot stored for 21 days (Gray) and the "right-shift" of the curve with rejuvenation (Black) used to determine the ORC. The two vertical dashed lines represent the venous PO2 (40 mmHg) and arterial PO2 (100 mmHg). The solid line represents a typical p50 value of Control and Rejuvenated aliquots. Figure 3 RBC ORC for paired Rejuvenated and Control groups after storage for 3-6, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days. ORC was significantly different between groups at each time-point (p < 0.05, t-test). Figure 3. RBC ORC for paired Rejuvenated and Control groups after storage for 3-6, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days. ORC was significantly different between groups at each time-point (p < 0.05, t-test). Disclosures Inglut: Zimmer Biomet: Employment. Kausch:Zimmer Biomet: Employment. Gray:Zimmer Biomet: Employment. Landrigan:Zimmer Biomet: Employment.
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Bocci, Enrico, Mauro Villarini, Luca Bove, Stefano Esposto, and Valerio Gasperini. "Modeling Small Scale Solar Powered ORC Unit for Standalone Application." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/124280.
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When the electricity from the grid is not available, the generation of electricity in remote areas is an essential challenge to satisfy important needs. In many developing countries the power generation from Diesel engines is the applied technical solution. However the cost and supply of fuel make a strong dependency of the communities on the external support. Alternatives to fuel combustion can be found in photovoltaic generators, and, with suitable conditions, small wind turbines or microhydroplants. The aim of the paper is to simulate the power generation of a generating unit using the Rankine Cycle and using refrigerant R245fa as a working fluid. The generation unit has thermal solar panels as heat source and photovoltaic modules for the needs of the auxiliary items (pumps, electronics, etc.). The paper illustrates the modeling of the system using TRNSYS platform, highlighting standard and “ad hoc” developed components as well as the global system efficiency. In the future the results of the simulation will be compared with the data collected from the 3 kW prototype under construction in the Tuscia University in Italy.
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Kalina, Jacek, and Mateusz Świerzewski. "Identification of ORC unit operation in biomass-fired cogeneration system." Renewable Energy 142 (November 2019): 400–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.04.080.
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Invernizzi, C. M., P. Iora, and R. Sandrini. "Biomass combined cycles based on externally fired gas turbines and organic Rankine expanders." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 225, no. 8 (September 21, 2011): 1066–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957650911415188.
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This article investigates the possibility to enhance the performance of a biomass organic Rankine cycle (ORC) plant by adding an externally fired gas turbine (EFGT), yielding a combined EFGT + ORC system. A typical ORC configuration is first modelled and validated on data available from an existing unit 1.5 MW reference plant. Then, different working fluids belonging to the methyl-substituted benzene series and linear methylpolysiloxanes have been evaluated for the ORC section on the basis of both thermodynamics considerations and design issues of the regenerator and the turbine. Results of the simulations of the combined cycle (CC) referred to a furnace size of about unit 9 MW, assuming a maximum GT inlet temperature of 800 °C, show a maximum efficiency of 23 per cent, obtained in the case where toluene is adopted as a working fluid for the bottoming section. This value is about 4 points per cent higher than the efficiency of the corresponding simple ORC. Finally, to conclude, some preliminary considerations are given regarding the techno-economic feasibility of the combined configuration, suggesting the need of a further investigation on the possible technological solution for the furnace which represents the main uncertainty in the resulting costs of the CC.
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Sebelev, Aleksandr, Aleksandr Kirillov, Gennadii Porshnev, Kirill Lapshin, and Aleksandr Laskin. "Thermodynamic analysis of design and part-load operation of a novel waste heat recovery unit." MATEC Web of Conferences 245 (2018): 04010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824504010.
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Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) thermodynamic optimization is of critical importance while developing new plants. Optimization procedures may be imed at the highest efficiency as well as cost or sizing minimization. Optimization process is generally carried out for plant nominal rating. At the same time, part-load operation has to be carefully considered in case of waste heat recovery from flue gases coming from internal combustion engines or gas turbines. Gas mass flow and temperature variations are specific to this application, significantly influencing ORC plant performance. Secure prediction of part-load operation is of particular importance for assessment of plant power output, providing stability and safety and utilizing proper control strategy. In this paper design and off-design cycle simulation model is proposed. Off-design performance of the ORC cycle recovering waste heat from gas turbine unit installed at gas compressor station is considered. Major factors affecting system performance are outlined.
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Stoppato, Anna, and Alberto Benato. "Life Cycle Assessment of a Commercially Available Organic Rankine Cycle Unit Coupled with a Biomass Boiler." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 10, 2020): 1835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071835.
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Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) turbogenerators are a well-established technology to recover from medium to ultra-low grade heat and generate electricity, or heat and work as cogenerative units. High firmness, good reliability and acceptable efficiency guarantee to ORCs a large range of applications: from waste heat recovery of industrial processes to the enhancement of heat generated by renewable resources like biomass, solar or geothermal. ORC unit coupled with biomass boiler is one of the most adopted arrangements. However, despite biomass renewability, it is mandatory to evaluate the environmental impact of systems composed by boilers and ORCs taking into account the entire life cycle. To this purpose, the authors perform a life cycle assessment of a commercially available 150 kW cogenerative ORC unit coupled with a biomass boiler to assess the global environmental performance. The system is modelled in SimaPro using different approaches. Results show that the most impacting processes in terms of CO2 equivalent emissions are the ones related to biomass production and organic fluid leakages with 71% and 19% of the total. Therefore, being fluid release in the environment high impacting, a comparison among three fluids is also performed. Analysis shows that adopting a hydrofluoroolefin fluid with a low global warming potential instead of the hydrocarbon fluid as already used in the cycle guarantees a significant improvement of the environmental performance.
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Ziółkowski, Paweł, Dariusz Mikielewicz, and Jarosław Mikielewicz. "Increase of power and efficiency of the 900 MW supercritical power plant through incorporation of the ORC." Archives of Thermodynamics 34, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoter-2013-0029.
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Abstract The objective of the paper is to analyse thermodynamical and operational parameters of the supercritical power plant with reference conditions as well as following the introduction of the hybrid system incorporating ORC. In ORC the upper heat source is a stream of hot water from the system of heat recovery having temperature of 90 °C, which is additionally aided by heat from the bleeds of the steam turbine. Thermodynamical analysis of the supercritical plant with and without incorporation of ORC was accomplished using computational flow mechanics numerical codes. Investigated were six working fluids such as propane, isobutane, pentane, ethanol, R236ea and R245fa. In the course of calculations determined were primarily the increase of the unit power and efficiency for the reference case and that with the ORC.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "ORC unit"
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Černý, Jakub. "Projekt ORC cyklu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231695.
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The aim of this thesis is the project for biomass cogeneration units using ORC cycle and subsequent use of thermal energy for drying wood biomass for a briquetting line. The introducing sections describe the principle of cogeneration, organic Rankine cycle (primarily the indication of potential applications and their use in practice) and the selection of the proper working fluid. The following sections provide a technical description of the selected plants for cogeneration unit, total circulation scheme and calculation of the evaporator working fluid. The last section is devoted to the economic evaluation of three variants according to the investor's task to design a better option for implementation.
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Cesari, Simone. "Design of an indirectly fired gas turbine integrated with an organic rankine cycle unit for combined heat and power production." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10229/.
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In the last years, the European countries have paid increasing attention to renewable sources and greenhouse emissions. The Council of the European Union and the European Parliament have established ambitious targets for the next years. In this scenario, biomass plays a prominent role since its life cycle produces a zero net carbon dioxide emission. Additionally, biomass can ensure plant operation continuity thanks to its availability and storage ability. Several conventional systems running on biomass are available at the moment. Most of them are performant either in the large-scale or in the small power range. The absence of an efficient system on the small-middle scale inspired this thesis project.
The object is an innovative plant based on a wet indirectly fired gas turbine (WIFGT) integrated with an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) unit for combined heat and power production. The WIFGT is a performant system in the small-middle power range; the ORC cycle is capable of giving value to low-temperature heat sources. Their integration is investigated in this thesis with the aim of carrying out a preliminary design of the components. The targeted plant output is around 200 kW in order not to need a wide cultivation area and to avoid biomass shipping.
Existing in-house simulation tools are used: They are adapted to this purpose. Firstly the WIFGT + ORC model is built; Zero-dimensional models of heat exchangers, compressor, turbines, furnace, dryer and pump are used. Different fluids are selected but toluene and benzene turn out to be the most suitable. In the indirectly fired gas turbine a pressure ratio around 4 leads to the highest efficiency. From the thermodynamic analysis the system shows an electric efficiency of 38%, outdoing other conventional plants in the same power range. The combined plant is designed to recover thermal energy: Water is used as coolant in the condenser. It is heated from 60°C up to 90°C, ensuring the possibility of space heating.
Mono-dimensional models are used to design the heat exchange equipment. Different types of heat exchangers are chosen depending on the working temperature. A finned-plate heat exchanger is selected for the WIFGT heat transfer equipment due to the high temperature, oxidizing and corrosive environment. A once-through boiler with finned tubes is chosen to vaporize the organic fluid in the ORC. A plate heat exchanger is chosen for the condenser and recuperator.
A quasi-monodimensional model for single-stage axial turbine is implemented to design both the WIFGT and the ORC turbine.
The system simulation after the components design shows an electric efficiency around 34% with a decrease by 10% compared to the zero-dimensional analysis. The work exhibits the system potentiality compared to the existing plants from both technical and economic point of view.
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Mička, Radek. "Design průmyslového kotle s možností kogenerace." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-319495.
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The diploma thesis deals with the design of the industrial boiler for biomass, Which deals with the issue of the energy future of combustion of fuels using current power generation - microcogeneration, designed for larger houses or smaller com- panies. The shape of the device is the interconnection of individual functional and technological parts of the boiler, a view of a new product that re ects its function. It uses modern and timeless materials, color and control technology to achieve overall comfort and time savings and service.
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Woodcock, Frederick C. "Use of a knelson unit to quantify gravity recoverable gold in an ore." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55416.
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A method to determine the amount of gravity recoverable gold in an ore sample with a 7.5 cm (3 inch) Knelson Centrifugal Concentrator is presented. The method is based on sequential comminution and recovery steps, the first at 100% $-$841 $ mu$m, the second at approximately 50% $-$74 $ mu$m and the third at final grind (typically 75 to 90% $-$74 $ mu$m). The mass processed depends on the gold grade and particle size, and commonly varies from 25 to 100 kg.The method was used to determine the gravity recoverable gold in nine different ore samples. The grade of these ores ranged from 3 g/t to 45 g/t. Both massive sulfide and silicate ores were tested. Gold in the ores ranged from fine (90% $-$210 $ mu$m) to coarse (60% +841 $ mu$m). The amount of gravity recoverable gold ranged from 29 to 93%. Results from the proposed test compare favorably with mineralogical studies and data from industrial gravity recovery circuits. Some problems arose while testing the various ores; minor adjustments to the procedure were made to correct these. These corrections and other caveats for the test procedure are discussed.
This test yields an essential component of an algorithm that can be used to predict the amount of gold that can be recovered by installing a gravity circuit. This algorithm is referenced and an example of its use is included. Information from the test can be used to evaluate circuit performance and indicate if the performance is equipment or process limited. The test will quickly indicate if a gravity circuit is an option.
Results indicate that sizing material before it is processed with a Laboratory Knelson Concentrator leads to significant increases in recovery (48% without screen to 64% with). Industrial results are not yet available to verify this.
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Runco, Mario. "Konsumentenwahrnehmung und Reaktionen auf Grundpreisnennung (Unit Pricing) Implikationen für den Handel /." St. Gallen, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/01653542002/$FILE/01653542002.pdf.
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Bouchez, Dominique. "Gatt/omc : enceinte du conflit agricole entre les Etats-Unis et l'Union européenne." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100086.
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Le conflit agricole entre les Etats-Unis et l'Europe demeure le conflit le plus récurrent au sein du GATT et de l'OMC. Afin de comprendre pourquoi, une étude préliminaire permet de constater que l'agriculture est un secteur très sensible, à tel point que même les Etats-Unis acquis aux thèses libérales doivent soutenir ce secteur. Apparait donc un antagonisme entre l'obligation imposée par le GATT de libéraliser le commerce et la nécessité de maintenir les politiques agricoles. Au sein du GATT, les Etats-Unis parviennent à exempter leur agriculture de la libéralisation, mais ouvrent les hostilités à l'encontre de la CEE et de la PAC en 1962. Le conflit entamé à cette époque existe encore aujourd'hui. En dépit des nouvelles règles établies à l'issue de l'Uruguay round, les conflits traités au sein de l'OMC deviennent plus complexes : des questions touchant à l'intérêt général et à la souveraineté des Etats sont apparues rendant la tâche de l'Organe de règlement des différends plus ardueThe agricultural conflict between Europe and the United States remains the most persistent conflict within the GATT and the WTO. So as to understand why, a preliminary study testifies that agriculture is a very sensitive sector, so that even the United States had to support it, in spite of their liberal convictions. Arises then an antagonism between the GATT obligation to liberalise trade and the duty to preserve agricultural policies. Within the GATT, the United States are allowed to exempt their agriculture from the obligation of liberalisation, but start to struggle against the EEC and the CAP in 1962. The conflict that started then is still existing nowadays. Despite the new rules established after the Uruguay Round, the agricultural conflicts within the WTO are multifaceted : the dispute settlement Body has to deal with more complex questions concerning general interest and States' sovereignty
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Böselt, Alexandra. "Financial Guarantees in Unit-Linked Life Insurance Products - A Behavioral Economics Perspective." St. Gallen, 2009. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/05609771101/$FILE/05609771101.pdf.
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Neumann, Cornelia. "Purchasing Power Parity in the European Union A panel unit root test /." St. Gallen, 2008. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/05604160001/$FILE/05604160001.pdf.
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Lindberg, Hampus. "Semantic Segmentation of Iron Ore Pellets in the Cloud." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-86896.
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This master's thesis evaluates data annotation, semantic segmentation and Docker for use in AWS. The data provided has to be annotated and is to be used as a dataset for the creation of a neural network. Different neural network models are then to be compared based on performance. AWS has the option to use Docker containers and thus that option is to be examined, and lastly the different tools available in AWS SageMaker will be analyzed for bringing a neural network to the cloud. Images were annotated in Ilastik and the dataset size is 276 images, then a neural network was created in PyTorch by using the library Segmentation Models PyTorch which gave the option of trying different models. This neural network was created in a notebook in Google Colab for a quick setup and easy testing. The dataset was then uploaded to AWS S3 and the notebook was brought from Colab to an AWS instance where the dataset then could be loaded from S3. A Docker container was created and packaged with the necessary packages and libraries as well as the training and inference code, to then be pushed to the ECR (Elastic Container Registry). This container could then be used to perform training jobs in SageMaker which resulted in a trained model stored in S3, and the hyperparameter tuning tool was also examined to get a better performing model. The two different deployment methods in SageMaker was then investigated to understand the entire machine learning solution. The images annotated in Ilastik were deemed sufficient as the neural network results were satisfactory. The neural network created was able to use all of the models accessible from Segmentation Models PyTorch which enabled a lot of options. By using a Docker container all of the tools available in SageMaker could be used with the created neural network packaged in the container and pushed to the ECR. Training jobs were run in SageMaker by using the container to get a trained model which could be saved to AWS S3. Hyperparameter tuning was used and got better results than the manually tested parameters which resulted in the best neural network produced. The model that was deemed the best was Unet++ in combination with the Dpn98 encoder. The two different deployment methods in SageMaker was explored and is believed to be beneficial in different ways and thus has to be reconsidered for each project. By analysis the cloud solution was deemed to be the better alternative compared to an in-house solution, in all three aspects measured, which was price, performance and scalability.
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RUBIO, VILLALBA IGNACIO. "Analysis of the OCR System Application in Intermodal Terminals : Malmö Intermodal Terminal." Thesis, KTH, Transportplanering, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278856.
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The analysis carried out in this thesis is made from two different points of view, the qualitative and the quantitative, by using the case study of Malmö intermodal terminal. The first analysis is focused on how the intermodal terminals works and which elements of it interact and how, in order to achieve the purpose of the terminal, and how the Intelligent Video Gate is able to affect in any way to this functioning, mainly in a positive way that allows the better functioning of the terminal.From the quantitative point of view what is carried out is a timing and economic analysis of the Malmö Intermodal Terminal, which is based on the information obtained from the qualitative analysis and from the data provided by the terminal operators that allow to make different simulations to compare the effect of the Intelligent Video Gate implementation in this specific terminal, and that could be extended to similar intermodal terminals located in regions with similar labour conditions and that as the European Union have a huge standardized freight system.Finally, what is stated with the provided data, despite not allowing to make the most complex and representative simulation, is that the aim of the Intelligent Video Gate is reached successfully with a great improvement of the efficiency what allows to ensure with quite certainty that the system implementation is recommended in this kind of terminals.
Books on the topic "ORC unit"
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Middleton, Sarah. OCR A2 psychology: Unit G543 ; forensic psychology. Deddington, Oxfordshire: Philip Allan Updates, 2009.
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OCR(A) AS chemistry unit F322: Chains, energy and resources. Oxfordshire: Philip Allan, 2012.
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Symond, Burrows, and Young Sue 1965-, eds. OCR AS unit G451 physical education: An introduction to physical education. London: Philip Allan, 2009.
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Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology. Spoc Simulated Processing of Ore and Coal: Chapter 5.2 Unit Models (Part C) : Unit Models and Fortran Simulators of Ore and Coal Process Equipment: Miscellaneous. S.l: s.n, 1985.
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Technology, Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy. Spoc Simulated Processing of Ore and Coal Chapter 5.1 Unit Models (Part B): Unit Models and Fortran Simulators of Ore and Coal Process Equipment: Classification and Coal Processing. S.l: s.n, 1985.
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TCP/IP and ONC/NFS: Internetworking in a UNIX environment. 2nd ed. Wokingham, England: Addison-Wesley, 1994.
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Santifaller, Michael. TCP IP und ONC-NFS in Theorie und Praxis: Internetworking mit UNIX. 3rd ed. Bonn: Addison-Wesley, 1995.
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Mineral processing technology: An introduction to the practical aspects of ore treatment and mineral recovery (in SI/metric units). 3rd ed. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Pergamon Press, 1985.
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Hearn, John. A2 Economics, Unit 8, OCR (Student Unit Guides). Philip Allan Updates, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "ORC unit"
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Dahlkamp, Franz J. "Remarks, Definitions, Units." In Uranium Ore Deposits, 1–4. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02892-6_1.
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Helbig, Carolin, Uwe-Jens Görke, Mathias Nest, Daniel Pötschke, Amir Shoarian Sattari, Patrick Schmidt, Bernhard Vowinckel, Keita Yoshioka, and Olaf Kolditz. "Data Management." In GeomInt–Mechanical Integrity of Host Rocks, 193–225. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61909-1_5.
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AbstractData management includes the development and use of architectures, guidelines, practices and procedures for accurate managing of data during the entire data lifecycle of an institutional unit or a research project. Data are defined as different information units such as numbers, alphabetic characters, and symbols that are particularly formatted and can be processed by computer. The data in the project is provided by various actors which can be GeomInt partners, their legal representatives, employees, and external partners.
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Goddek, Simon, Alyssa Joyce, Sven Wuertz, Oliver Körner, Ingo Bläser, Michael Reuter, and Karel J. Keesman. "Decoupled Aquaponics Systems." In Aquaponics Food Production Systems, 201–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_8.
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AbstractTraditional aquaponics systems were arranged in a single process loop that directs nutrient-rich water from fish to the plants and back. Given the differing specific nutrient and environmental requirements of plants and fish, such systems presented a compromise to the ideal conditions for rearing of both, thus reducing the efficiency and productivity of such coupled systems. More recently, designs that allow for decoupling of units provide for a more finely tuned regulation of the process water in each of the respective units while also allowing for better recycling of nutrients from sludge. Suspended solids from the fish (e.g. faeces and uneaten feed) need to be removed from the process water before water can be directed to plants in order to prevent clogging of hydroponic systems, a step that represents a significant loss of total nutrients, most importantly phosphorus. The reuse of sludge and mobilization of nutrients contained within that sludge present a number of engineering challenges that, if addressed creatively, can dramatically increase the efficiency and sustainability of aquaponics systems. One solution is to separate, or when there are pathogens or production problems, to isolate components of the system, thus maximizing overall control and efficiency of each component, while reducing compromises between the conditions and species-specific requirements of each subsystem. Another potential innovation that is made possible by the decoupling of units involves introducing additional loops wherein bioreactors can be used to treat sludge. An additional distillation loop can ensure increased nutrient concentrations to the hydroponics unit while, at the same time, reducing adverse effects on fish health from high nutrient levels in the RAS unit. Several studies have documented the aerobic and anaerobic digestion performance of bioreactors for treating sludge, but the benefits of the digestate on plant growth are not well-researched. Both remineralization and distillation components consequently have a high unexplored potential to improve decoupled aquaponics systems.
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Sternberg, Robert J. "Unifying the Field of Psychology." In Unity in psychology: Possibility or pipedream?, 3–14. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10847-001.
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Denmark, Florence L., and Herbert H. Krauss. "Unification through diversity." In Unity in psychology: Possibility or pipedream?, 15–36. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10847-002.
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Fishman, Daniel B., and Stanley B. Messer. "Case-Based Studies as a Source of Unity in Applied Psychology." In Unity in psychology: Possibility or pipedream?, 37–59. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10847-003.
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Fowler, Raymond D., and Merry Bullock. "The American Psychological Association and the Search for Unity in Psychology." In Unity in psychology: Possibility or pipedream?, 61–76. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10847-004.
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Gardner, Howard. "Scientific Psychology: Should We Bury It or Praise It?" In Unity in psychology: Possibility or pipedream?, 77–90. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10847-005.
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Kimble, Gregory A. "Paradigm Lost, Paradigm Regained: Toward Unity in Psychology." In Unity in psychology: Possibility or pipedream?, 91–106. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10847-006.
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Levant, Ronald F. "Unification of Professional Psychology Through Social Relevance." In Unity in psychology: Possibility or pipedream?, 107–24. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10847-007.
Full textConference papers on the topic "ORC unit"
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Ireland, Melissa K., Matthew S. Orosz, J. G. Brisson, Adriano Desideri, and Sylvain Quoilin. "Dynamic Modeling and Control System Definition for a Micro-CSP Plant Coupled With Thermal Storage Unit." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-27132.
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Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems are gaining ground as a means of effectively providing sustainable energy. Coupling small-scale ORCs powered by scroll expander-generators with solar thermal collectors and storage can provide combined heat and power to underserved rural communities. Simulation of such systems is instrumental in optimizing their control strategy. However, most models developed so far operate at steady-state or focus either on ORC or on storage dynamics. In this work, a model for the dynamics of the solar ORC system is developed to evaluate the impact of variable heat sources and sinks, thermal storage, and the variable loads associated with distributed generation. This model is then used to assess control schemes that adjust operating conditions for daily environmental variation.
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Zhao, Pan, Mingkun Wang, Jiangfeng Wang, and Yiping Dai. "Investigation of the Combination of Bypass System and OPC Logic for ORC System Stability Under Load Reduction Disturbance." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-27092.
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Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is recognized as a promising technology for converting the energy from low grade heat sources into electricity. From a general perspective, the ORC system mainly operates in island mode and also has a small scale power capacity. When this type of system sustains the disturbance of load reduction, the overpressure protection in drum boiler and overspeed protection in axial turbine are the two big challenges for ORC system’s stability. In the present study, the configuration type by combining the bypass system and overspeed protection control (OPC) logic is proposed in ORC system for solving these problems. Firstly, the ORC unit model consisting of the drum boiler, boiler control system, axial turbine, bypass system, turbine control system and OPC logic is established. Then, the drawback and improvements of current OPC logic in China are carried out. Finally, the simulation of this configuration type of ORC system is investigated under load reduction disturbance. The results show that the proposed configuration of ORC system has excellent performance in purpose of power system stability. The axial turbine in the simulation model operates in constant pressure mode.
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Yaïci, Wahiba, Evgueniy Entchev, and Michela Longo. "Dynamic Simulation of Organic Rankine Cycle-Assisted Ground-Source Heat Pump Based Micro-Cogeneration System in Cold Climates: A Case Study in Canada." In ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2021-62464.
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Abstract As the energy needed for heating and cooling involves a substantial amount (> 80%) of residential energy utilisation in Canada, there is a demand for ultra-efficient energy systems for heating, cooling, and power generation. Two efficient systems to assist these systems are ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs) and organic Rankine cycles (ORCs). Of particular interest, this paper presents the integration of these two systems in a parallel configuration. A transient simulation model developed in TRNSYS program has been utilised to simulate the thermal performance of the combined ORC-GSHP based microco/trigeneration system. This later supplies heating and cooling to the residential load during the heating mode as required, with the capability to switch to a charging mode, where the ORC unit is directly coupled to the ground heat exchanger (GHE), which operates as a thermal energy storage and provides energy to the GSHP. The feasibility of this combined system configuration as well as its comparison with a conventional GSHP system are investigated for use in residential application in Ottawa, Canada temperature conditions. Results disclosed that the proposed micro-cogeneration system had the operating hours and performance of the GSHP improved by the addition of the ORC unit, resulting in about 11.8% reduction in hours in the colder city of Ottawa. The COP (coefficient of performance) of the GSHP system sustained a much higher value overall due to the addition of the ORC system to maintain the GHE storage temperature. In terms of net energy reduction between the conventional GSHP system and the ORC-assisted one, results revealed that Ottawa had energy usage reduction of 82.0%, demonstrating that the addition of an ORC to provide heating and recharge the GHE of a GSHP system has many advantages that could be accomplished by the end-user.
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Kohlenbach, P., S. McEvoy, W. Stein, A. Burton, K. Wong, K. Lovegrove, G. Burgess, W. Joe, and J. Coventry. "Novel Parabolic Trough Collectors Driving a Small-Scale Organic Rankine Cycle System." In ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36157.
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This paper presents component performance results of a new parabolic trough collector array driving an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power generation system. The system has been installed in the National Solar Energy Centre at CSIRO Energy Technology in Newcastle, NSW, Australia. It consists of four rows of 18 parabolic mirrors each in a 2×2 matrix with a total aperture area of approximately 132m2. The absorber tube is a laterally aligned, 40mm copper tube coated with a semi-selective paint and enclosed in a 50mm non-evacuated glass tube to reduce convection losses. The mirror modules, which are light-weight and robust, are made from thin low iron back silvered glass bonded to a sheet steel substrate. They are supported by a box truss on semi circular hoops running on rollers for single axis tracking. The mirror design has been chosen to allow low-cost manufacturing as well as simple commissioning and operation. The ORC unit is a FP6 unit sourced from Freepower Ltd. with a net power output of 6kWel at 180°C inlet temperature and a total heat input of 70 kWth. It uses a two-stage expansion process with hydrofluoroether as the working fluid. A wet cooling tower is used to dissipate the reject heat from the ORC. The two key components of the envisioned system are the trough reflector/receiver and the ORC unit. The optical performance of the mirror elements was investigated with regard to the flux mapping onto the receiver tube. The ORC unit has been tested separately using an electrical oil heater as the heat source. This paper presents results for irradiation capture and intensity over the receiver width of a single trough mirror module. The complete system including trough collectors and ORC has not been in transient operation yet, thus experimental steady-state results of the ORC unit are presented.
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Lin, Wamei, Lars Nilsson, and Raffaele Malutta. "Waste Heat Recovery by Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for Moist Exhaust Gases From Paper Industry." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71326.
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Large potential exists in recovering waste heat from paper industry processes and machinery. If the overall energy efficiency would be increased, it could lead to significant fuel savings and greenhouse gas emission reduction. The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system is a very strong candidate for converting low-grade waste heat into power. However, there is a lot of water vapor containing latent heat in the exhaust gases from the drying process in the paper industry. Thus, the aim of this research work is to increase the efficiency of the ORC system by recovering not only the sensible heat but also the latent heat from the exhaust gases in the paper drying process. In order to recover the latent heat from the moist exhaust gases, one idea of this article is to introduce a direct contact condensing unit into the ORC system. The performance of ORC system with the direct contact condensing unit was analyzed by using the CHEMCAD software. A case study was conducted based on data of the exhaust gases from a tissue production / drying machine. Latent heat will be recovered when the evaporating temperature of the ORC working fluid is lower than the dew point of the water vapor in the exhaust gases. The results showed that the available heat load was increased when the evaporating temperature was reduced. Furthermore, a performance comparison of the ORC systems with and without the direct contact condensing unit was carried out in the case study as well. The results showed that the ORC system with the direct contact condensing unit not only could recover latent heat from the water vapor in the exhaust gases but also could have a small size and small volume evaporator in the ORC system.
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Bianchi, M., L. Branchini, A. De Pascale, F. Melino, V. Orlandini, A. Peretto, D. Archetti, F. Campana, T. Ferrari, and N. Rossetti. "Energy Recovery in Natural Gas Compressor Stations Taking Advantage of Organic Rankine Cycle: Preliminary Design Analysis." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64245.
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Gas compressor stations represent a huge potential for exhaust heat recovery. Typical installations consist of open cycle configurations with multiple gas turbine units, usually operated under part-load conditions during the year with limited conversion efficiency. At least, one of the installed unit serves as back-up to ensure the necessary reserve power and the safe operation of the station. Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) has been proven as an economical and environmentally friendly solution to recover waste heat from gas turbines, improving the overall energy system performance and reducing the CO2 emissions. In this context, taking as reference typical gas compressor stations located in North America, the paper investigates the potential benefit of ORC application, as bottomer section of gas turbines, in natural gas compression facilities. Thus, ORC converts gas turbines wasted heat into useful additional power that can be used inside the compression facility reducing the amount of consumed natural gas and, consequently, the environmental emissions, or directed to the grid, thus furthermore earning economic benefits. Different case studies are examined with reference to two typical compressor station size ranges: a “small-medium” and a “medium-high” size range. Two different gas turbine models are considered according to most common manufacturers. Typical gas compressor stations and integrated cycle configurations are identified. Based on Turboden experience in development and production of ORCs, specific design options and constraints, layout arrangements and operating parameters are examined and compared in this study, such as the use of an intermediate heat transfer fluid, the type of organic fluid, the influence of superheating degree and condensation temperature values. Emphasis is given on thermodynamic performance of the integrated system by evaluating thermal energy and mechanical power recovery. Several key performance indexes are defined such as, the ORC power and efficiency, the specific power recovery per unit of compression power, the integrated system net overall power output and efficiency, the ORC expander and heat exchangers size parameters, the carbon emission savings, etc. The performed comparison of various configurations shows that: (i) the energy recovery with ORC can be remarkable, adding up to more than 35% of additional shaft power to the compression station in the best configuration; (ii) the ORC condensation temperature value has a significant impact on the ORC bottomer cycle and on the integrated system performance; (iii) in case of Cyclopentane, keeping the same ORC cycle operating parameters, the max specific power recovery is achieved in the direct configuration case, (iv) the bottomer cycle size can be reduced with the use of a refrigerant fluid (R1233zd(E)), compared to hydrocarbon fluids; (v) the max environmental benefit can be up to 120 kg CO2/h saved per MW of installed compression power.
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Warren, Harrison, Alta Knizley, and Pedro J. Mago. "Effect of Electric Energy Storage on the Performance of a Power Generation Unit-Organic Rankine Cycle System." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65388.
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Combined heat and power (CHP) systems simultaneously generate on-site electricity and provide useful heat by utilizing waste heat from a power generation unit (PGU). CHP systems can enhance energy production efficiency and energy sustainability by reducing grid dependency, often yielding cost savings in the process. Furthermore, CHP systems can provide savings over conventional systems in terms of operational cost, primary energy consumption (PEC), and carbon dioxide emissions (CDE). Typical CHP systems generate onsite power using a PGU, and the waste heat from the PGU is used to provide heating or hot water to the facility. Another variation for this system is to incorporate an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) to allow for increased potential reductions in operational cost, PEC, and CDE when compared to separate heat and power. This paper evaluates the effect of using electric energy storage on the performance of a PGU-ORC system. In the proposed system, the waste heat from a PGU is used to generate and to store electricity using an ORC coupled with electric energy storage (ES) (battery). Then, the electricity that is stored in the batteries could be used during the system operation at different times of the day so the PGU does not have to operate all the time. The PGU-ORC-ES system (with battery storage) is compared with a conventional system in terms of operational cost, PEC, and CDE. A restaurant building located in Chicago, IL is used to evaluate the potential of the proposed PGU-ORC-ES system. Results indicate that the addition of electric energy storage is beneficial to the proposed PGU-ORC system in terms of operational cost, PEC, and CDE. Furthermore, the effect of the size of the electric energy storage on the system performance is analyzed in this paper.
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Tchanche, Bertrand F., Sylvain Quoilin, Sebastien Declaye, Georges Papadakis, and Vincent Lemort. "Economic Feasibility Study of a Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycle System in Waste Heat Recovery Application." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24828.
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The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) appears progressively as a promising solution to recover waste heat energy from thermal processes for electricity generation. A prototype of small-scale ORC has been built and successfully tested at the University of Lie`ge. It uses R-245fa and R-123 as working fluid, and an oil-free scroll compressor adapted to run in expander mode. Thermodynamic model of the system was derived and validated for performance prediction. The validated thermodynamic model is used to optimize the operation of the small ORC in waste heat recovery application (ORC-WHR). For exhaust gases at 180 °C and a mass flow rate of 0.21 kg/s, a maximum net power output of 2 kWe is obtained for an evaporator pressure of 11.84 bar. The cycle thermal efficiency is 8.23 and the recuperation efficiency, 66.32%. Based on the aforementioned conditions, the economic assessment of small scale ORC-WHR was carried out using economic criteria such as levelized electricity cost (LEC), Net present value (NPV) and depreciated payback period (DPP). For a 2kWe ORC-WHR, the specific installed cost is 5775 €/kW with a LEC of 13.27 c€/kWh while for a 50 kWe, the specific installed cost is about 3034 €/kW and the LEC, 7c€/kWh. For an electricity unit price of 20 c€/kWh, the payback period of a 2 kWe system is 6 years while it is 2.5 years for a 50 kWe system. It is concluded from the study that recovering the waste heat by way of ORCs is technically and economically feasible. As recycled energy, waste heat has the same advantages as renewable energy and should benefit from the same legislative conditions (Feed-in-Laws).
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Vittorini, Diego, Roberto Cipollone, and Roberto Carapellucci. "Enhanced heat exchanger layout for optimum energy performance in solar thermal ORC-based unit." In SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIAL SCIENCE, SMART STRUCTURES AND APPLICATIONS: ICMSS-2019. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5138887.
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Meroni, Andrea, Jesper Graa Andreasen, Leonardo Pierobon, and Fredrik Haglind. "Optimization of Cycle and Expander Design of an Organic Rankine Cycle Unit Using Multi-Component Working Fluids." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-58065.
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Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power systems represent attractive solutions for power conversion from low temperature heat sources, and the use of these power systems is gaining increasing attention in the marine industry. This paper proposes the combined optimal design of cycle and expander for an organic Rankine cycle unit utilizing waste heat from low temperature heat sources. The study addresses a case where the minimum temperature of the heat source is constrained and a case where no constraint is imposed. The former case is the waste heat recovery from jacket cooling water of a marine diesel engine onboard a large ship, and the latter is representative of a low-temperature geothermal, solar or waste heat recovery application. Multi-component working fluids are investigated, as they allow improving the match between the temperature profiles in the heat exchangers and, consequently, reducing the irreversibility in the ORC system. This work considers mixtures of R245fa/pentane and propane/isobutane. The use of multi-component working fluids typically results in increased heat transfer areas and different expander designs compared to pure fluids. In order to properly account for turbine performance and design constraints in the cycle calculation, the thermodynamic cycle and the turbine are optimized simultaneously in the molar composition range of each mixture. Such novel optimization approach enables one to identify to which extent the cycle or the turbine behaviour influences the selection of the optimal solution. It also enables one to find the composition for which an optimal compromise between cycle and turbine performance is achieved. The optimal ORC unit employs pure R245fa and provides approximately 200 kW when the minimum hot fluid temperature is constrained. Conversely, the mixture R245fa/pentane (0.5/0.5) is selected and provides approximately 444 kW when the hot fluid temperature is not constrained to a lower value. In both cases, a compact and efficient turbine can be manufactured.
Reports on the topic "ORC unit"
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Henderson, Tim, Mincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Chihuahuan Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285306.
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A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) which represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. If a new mappable geologic unit is identified, it may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section of the unit is designated as the type section or type locality (see Definitions). The type section is an important reference section for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative profile for this unit. The type or reference section is important both historically and scientifically, and should be recorded such that other researchers may evaluate it in the future. Therefore, this inventory of geologic type sections in NPS areas is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The documentation of all geologic type sections throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an ambitious undertaking. The strategy for this project is to select a subset of parks to begin research for the occurrence of geologic type sections within particular parks. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The network approach is also being applied to the inventory for the geologic type sections in the NPS. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic type sections within the parks of the GRYN, methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources was established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this type section inventory for the Chihuahuan Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections which occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS...
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Baek, Joo S., Eckhard A. Groll, and Patrick B. Lawless. Development of a Carbon Dioxide-Based Field Deployable Environmental Control Unit to Replace HCFC-22 or HFC-134a Units. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada405917.
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Northern Colorado Plateau Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285337.
Full textAbstract:
A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) which represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. If a new mappable geologic unit is identified, it may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section of the unit is designated as the type section or type locality (see Definitions). The type section is an important reference section for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative profile. The type or reference section is important both historically and scientifically, and should be available for other researchers to evaluate in the future. Therefore, this inventory of geologic type sections in NPS areas is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The documentation of all geologic type sections throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an ambitious undertaking. The strategy for this project is to select a subset of parks to begin research for the occurrence of geologic type sections within particular parks. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The network approach is also being applied to the inventory for the geologic type sections in the NPS. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic type sections within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources was established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this type section inventory for the Northern Colorado Plateau Inventory & Monitoring Network. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections which occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS...
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Klamath Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286915.
Full textAbstract:
A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) which represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. If a new mappable geologic unit is identified, it may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section of the unit is designated as the type section or type locality (see Definitions). The type section is an important reference section for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative profile. The type or reference section is important both historically and scientifically, and should be protected and conserved for researchers to study and evaluate in the future. Therefore, this inventory of geologic type sections in NPS areas is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The documentation of all geologic type sections throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an ambitious undertaking. The strategy for this project is to select a subset of parks to begin research for the occurrence of geologic type sections within particular parks. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The network approach is also being applied to the inventory for the geologic type sections in the NPS. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic type sections within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources were established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this type section inventory for the Klamath Inventory & Monitoring Network. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections which occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers...
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Devlin, Theodore E. Joint Operations in the Vicksburg Campaign - Unity of Command or Unity of Effort. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada348824.
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Zilberman, Mark. Methods to Test the “Dimming Effect” Produced by a Decrease in the Number of Photons Received from Receding Light Sources. Intellectual Archive, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/ia_2021_06_22.
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The hypothetical “Dimming effect” describes the change of the number of photons arriving from a receding light source per unit of time. In non-relativistic systems,the "Dimming effect" occurs due to the fact that as light sources move away, the distance between the emitter and the receiver constantly increases, and the photons always take longer to reach the receiver. This reduces the number of photons received per time unit compared to the number of emitted photons per time unit. Negligible for speeds incomparable with the speed of light c, the "Dimming effect" can be very significant for speeds above 0.1c. “Dimming effect” can possibly be tested in a physics labor-atory using a moving light source (or mirror) and photon counters located in the travel direction and in opposite direction. It can possibly also be tested utilizing the orbital movement of the Earth around the Sun. If confirmed, “Dimming effect” would allow astronomers to adjust values of the "Standard Candles", which are critical in cosmological models. Absence of “Dimming effect” will mean that the number of photons arriving per time unit does not depend on the relative speed of light source and observer,which is not so apparent
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Zilberman, Mark. Methods to Test the “Dimming Effect” Produced by a Decrease in the Number of Photons Received from Receding Light Sources. Intellectual Archive, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2437.
Full textAbstract:
The hypothetical “Dimming Effect” describes the change of the number of photons arriving from a moving light source per unit of time. In non-relativistic systems, the “Dimming effect” may occur due to the growing distance of light sources moving away from the receiver. This means that due to the growing distance, the photons continuously require more time to reach the receiver, which reduces the number of received photons per time unit compared to the number of emitted photons. Understandably, the proposed “Dimming effect” must be tested (confirmed or rejected) through observations. a. This article provides the formula for the calculation of “Dimming effect” values using the redshift parameter Z widely used in astronomy. b. The “Dimming effect” can possibly be detected utilizing the orbital movement of the Earth around the Sun. In accordance to the “Dimming effect”, observers on Earth will view 1.0001 more photons per time unit emitted by stars located near the ecliptic plane in the direction of the Earth orbiting the Sun. And, in contrast, observers will view only 0.9999 photons per time unit emitted by stars located near the ecliptic plane in the direction opposite to the Earth orbiting the Sun. Calculating precise measurements of the same stars within a 6-month period can possibly detect this difference. These changes in brightness are not only for specific stars, as the change in brightness takes place for all stars near the ecliptic in the direction of the Earth’s orbit around the Sun and in the opposite direction. c. The “Dimming effect” can possibly be detected in a physics laboratory using a moving light source (or mirror) and photon counters located in the direction of travel and in the opposite direction. d. In theory, Dilation of time can also be used for testing the existence of the “Dimming effect.” However, in experiments on Earth this effect appears in only the 14th digit after the decimal point and testing does not appear to be feasible. e. Why is it important to test the “Dimming effect?” If confirmed, it would allow astronomers to adjust values of "Standard Candles" used in astronomy. Since “Standard Candles” are critical in various cosmological models, the “Dimming effect” can correct models and/or reveal and support new models. If it is proved that the “Dimming effect” does not exist, it will mean that the number of photons arriving per unit of time does not depend on the speed of the light source and observer, which is not so apparent.
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Meade, Robert T. Insurance Policy or Force Provider: Operational Considerations for Employing the Expeditionary Strike Group and Marine Expeditionary Unit. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada470848.
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Amaya, Ashley. RTI International’s Address-Based Sampling Atlas: Drop points. RTI Press, December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.op.0047.1712.
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The Computerized Delivery Sequence (CDS) file contains listings for nearly all addresses in the United States. Survey researchers use the CDS as a sampling frame from which to draw an address-based sample (ABS). More than 700,000 addresses on the CDS are marked as drop points, which are mail receptacles shared by multiple housing units (drop units). Drop points are a challenge to sample and present a potential source of error because of their "one-to-many" relationships. Several techniques have been developed to overcome this challenge, including deleting them from the frame or sampling all units at a given drop point. This paper serves as an introduction to these challenges, discusses the pros and cons to each "solution," and provides a list of best practices.
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Quan, Anthony F. The Effectiveness of Army National Guard Combat Units for Major Regional Conflicts: Perception or Reality? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada309316.
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