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1

Panicucci, Chiara, Lizzia Raffaghello, Santina Bruzzone, et al. "eATP/P2X7R Axis: An Orchestrated Pathway Triggering Inflammasome Activation in Muscle Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 17 (2020): 5963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21175963.

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In muscle ATP is primarily known for its function as an energy source and as a mediator of the “excitation-transcription” process, which guarantees muscle plasticity in response to environmental stimuli. When quickly released in massive concentrations in the extracellular space as in presence of muscle membrane damage, ATP acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP). In experimental murine models of muscular dystrophies characterized by membrane instability, blockade of eATP/P2X7 receptor (R) purinergic signaling delayed the progression of the dystrophic phenotype dampening t
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2

Sepsi, Adél, and Trude Schwarzacher. "Chromosome–nuclear envelope tethering – a process that orchestrates homologue pairing during plant meiosis?" Journal of Cell Science 133, no. 15 (2020): jcs243667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.243667.

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ABSTRACTDuring prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair, synapse and exchange their genetic material through reciprocal homologous recombination, a phenomenon essential for faithful chromosome segregation. Partial sequence identity between non-homologous and heterologous chromosomes can also lead to recombination (ectopic recombination), a highly deleterious process that rapidly compromises genome integrity. To avoid ectopic exchange, homology recognition must be extended from the narrow position of a crossover-competent double-strand break to the entire chromosome. Here, we review a
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Zehorai, Eldar, Tamar Gross Lev, Elee Shimshoni, et al. "Enhancing uterine receptivity for embryo implantation through controlled collagenase intervention." Life Science Alliance 7, no. 10 (2024): e202402656. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202402656.

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Ineffective endometrial matrix remodeling, a key factor in infertility, impedes embryo implantation in the uterine wall. Our study reveals the cellular and molecular impact of human collagenase-1 administration in mouse uteri, demonstrating enhanced embryo implantation rates. Collagenase-1 promotes remodeling of the endometrial ECM, degrading collagen fibers and proteoglycans. This process releases matrix-bound bioactive factors (e.g., VEGF, decorin), facilitating vascular permeability and angiogenesis. Collagenase-1 elevates embryo implantation regulators, including NK cell infiltration and t
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4

Sprankel, Lasse, Margot P. Scheffer, Sina Manger, Utz H. Ermel, and Achilleas S. Frangakis. "Cryo-electron tomography reveals the binding and release states of the major adhesion complex from Mycoplasma genitalium." PLOS Pathogens 19, no. 11 (2023): e1011761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011761.

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The nap particle is an immunogenic surface adhesion complex from Mycoplasma genitalium. It is essential for motility and responsible for binding sialylated oligosaccharides on the surface of the host cell. The nap particle is composed of two P140-P110 heterodimers, the structure of which was recently solved. However, the interpretation of the mechanism by which the mycoplasma cells orchestrate adhesion remained challenging. Here, we provide cryo-electron tomography structures at ~11 Å resolution, which allow for the distinction between the bound and released state of the nap particle, displayi
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Miricescu, Daniela, Silviu Constantin Badoiu, Iulia-Ioana Stanescu-Spinu, Alexandra Ripszky Totan, Constantin Stefani, and Maria Greabu. "Growth Factors, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Metformin—Promoters of the Wound Healing Process in Burns?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (2021): 9512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179512.

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Burns can be caused by various factors and have an increased risk of infection that can seriously delay the wound healing process. Chronic wounds caused by burns represent a major health problem. Wound healing is a complex process, orchestrated by cytokines, growth factors, prostaglandins, free radicals, clotting factors, and nitric oxide. Growth factors released during this process are involved in cell growth, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Reactive oxygen species are released in acute and chronic burn injuries and play key roles in healing and regeneration. The main aim of th
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Bokman, Eduard, Ido Padro Kalij, and Alon Zaslaver. "Aberrant Positions of the Chemosensory Neurons in the Neurotransmitter-Release Mutant unc-13." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 23 (2024): 12956. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252312956.

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Secretion of neurotransmitter- and neuropeptide-containing vesicles is a regulated process orchestrated by multiple proteins. Of these, mutants, defective in the unc-13 and unc-31 genes, responsible for neurotransmitter and neuropeptide release, respectively, are routinely used to elucidate neural and circuitry functions. While these mutants result in severe functional deficits, their neuroanatomy is assumed to be intact. Here, using C. elegans as the model animal system, we find that the head sensory neurons show aberrant positional layout in neurotransmitter (unc-13), but not in neuropeptide
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Nanbo, Asuka. "Current Insights into the Maturation of Epstein–Barr Virus Particles." Microorganisms 12, no. 4 (2024): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12040806.

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The three subfamilies of herpesviruses (alphaherpesviruses, betaherpesviruses, and gammaherpesviruses) appear to share a unique mechanism for the maturation and egress of virions, mediated by several budding and fusion processes of various organelle membranes during replication, which prevents cellular membrane disruption. Newly synthesized viral DNA is packaged into capsids within the nucleus, which are subsequently released into the cytoplasm via sequential fusion (primary envelopment) and budding through the inner and outer nuclear membranes. Maturation concludes with tegumentation and the
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8

Porcu, Cristiana, Gabriella Dobrowolny, and Bianca Maria Scicchitano. "Exploring the Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 11 (2024): 5811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25115811.

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Skeletal muscle regeneration entails a multifaceted process marked by distinct phases, encompassing inflammation, regeneration, and remodeling. The coordination of these phases hinges upon precise intercellular communication orchestrated by diverse cell types and signaling molecules. Recent focus has turned towards extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly small EVs, as pivotal mediators facilitating intercellular communication throughout muscle regeneration. Notably, injured muscle provokes the release of EVs originating from myofibers and various cell types, including mesenchymal stem cells
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9

Linnemann, Caren, Filiz Sahin, Yangmengfan Chen, et al. "NET Formation Was Reduced via Exposure to Extremely Low-Frequency Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 19 (2023): 14629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914629.

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Fracture-healing is a highly complex and timely orchestrated process. Non-healing fractures are still a major clinical problem and treatment remains difficult. A 16 Hz extremely low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (ELF-PEMF) was identified as non-invasive adjunct therapy supporting bone-healing by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+-influx. However, ROS and Ca2+-influx may stimulate neutrophils, the first cells arriving at the wounded site, to excessively form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which negatively affects the healing process. Thus, this study aimed to evalu
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10

Maag, Henning, Daniel J. Lemcke, and Johannes M. Wahl. "Ring opening of photogenerated azetidinols as a strategy for the synthesis of aminodioxolanes." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 20 (July 19, 2024): 1671–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.20.148.

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α-Aminoacetophenones are identified as promising building blocks for the synthesis of highly substituted dioxolanes. The presented strategy is founded on the build and release of molecular strain and achieves a formal transposition of a methyl group. During light irradiation, 3-phenylazetidinols are forged as reaction intermediates, which readily undergo ring opening upon the addition of electron-deficient ketones or boronic acids. Key to the successful development of this two-step process is the identification of a benzhydryl-protecting group, which orchestrates the photochemical Norrish–Yang
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Chen, Zhaoyu, Yadi Chen, Lanxi Shi, Li Wang, and Weixing Li. "Interaction of Phytohormones and External Environmental Factors in the Regulation of the Bud Dormancy in Woody Plants." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 24 (2023): 17200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417200.

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Bud dormancy and release are essential phenomena that greatly assist in adapting to adverse growing conditions and promoting the holistic growth and development of perennial plants. The dormancy and release process of buds in temperate perennial trees involves complex interactions between physiological and biochemical processes influenced by various environmental factors, representing a meticulously orchestrated life cycle. In this review, we summarize the role of phytohormones and their crosstalk in the establishment and release of bud dormancy. External environmental factors, such as light a
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12

Kim, Young-Mee, Seok-Jo Kim, Ryosuke Tatsunami, Hisao Yamamura, Tohru Fukai, and Masuko Ushio-Fukai. "ROS-induced ROS release orchestrated by Nox4, Nox2, and mitochondria in VEGF signaling and angiogenesis." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 312, no. 6 (2017): C749—C764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00346.2016.

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NADPH oxidase (NOX) and mitochondria play a critical role in growth factor-induced switch from a quiescent to an angiogenic phenotype in endothelial cells (ECs). However, how highly diffusible ROS produced from different sources can coordinate to stimulate VEGF signaling and drive the angiogenic process remains unknown. Using the cytosol- and mitochondria-targeted redox-sensitive RoGFP biosensors with real-time imaging, here we show that VEGF stimulation in human ECs rapidly increases cytosolic RoGFP oxidation within 1 min, followed by mitochondrial R
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13

Chen, Wentao, Xin Su, Yuying Pan, et al. "Chlamydial protease-like activity factor targets SLC7A11 for degradation to induce ferroptosis and facilitate progeny releases." PLOS Pathogens 21, no. 4 (2025): e1013060. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1013060.

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Chlamydia trachomatis, the most prevalent bacterial agent of sexually transmitted infections, poses a significant threat to reproductive health. The release of progeny through the orchestrated lysis of host cells plays a crucial role for the development of new infections, though the underlying molecular mechanisms remaining largely unexplored. In this study, we identified a novel mechanism by which Chlamydia induces host cell ferroptosis to facilitate its progeny release. This process involves the degradation of the host protein SLC7A11 by the chlamydial protease-like activity factor (CPAF), r
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14

Bonet-Ponce, Luis, Alexandra Beilina, Chad D. Williamson, et al. "LRRK2 mediates tubulation and vesicle sorting from lysosomes." Science Advances 6, no. 46 (2020): eabb2454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb2454.

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Genetic variation around the LRRK2 gene affects risk of both familial and sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the biological functions of LRRK2 remain incompletely understood. Here, we report that LRRK2 is recruited to lysosomes after exposure of cells to the lysosome membrane–rupturing agent LLOME. Using an unbiased proteomic screen, we identified the motor adaptor protein JIP4 as an LRRK2 partner at the lysosomal membrane. LRRK2 can recruit JIP4 to lysosomes in a kinase-dependent manner via the phosphorylation of RAB35 and RAB10. Using super-resolution live-cell imaging microscopy an
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15

Ramírez-Pérez, Sergio, Luis Alexis Hernández-Palma, Edith Oregon-Romero та ін. "Downregulation of Inflammatory Cytokine Release from IL-1β and LPS-Stimulated PBMC Orchestrated by ST2825, a MyD88 Dimerisation Inhibitor". Molecules 25, № 18 (2020): 4322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184322.

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The inflammatory process implicates homeostasis disruption and increased production of inflammatory mediators. Myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) is an essential protein recruited after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin (IL)-1β stimulation, a process that converges in nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation, as well as a transcription of several genes of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The inhibition of MyD88 has shown efficacy by decrease inflammatory response, and has demonstrated potential application as a therapeutic target in chronic diseases. In this
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16

Chatzi, Katerina E., Marios F. Sardis, Spyridoula Karamanou, and Anastassios Economou. "Breaking on through to the other side: protein export through the bacterial Sec system." Biochemical Journal 449, no. 1 (2012): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20121227.

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More than one-third of cellular proteomes traffic into and across membranes. Bacteria have invented several sophisticated secretion systems that guide various proteins to extracytoplasmic locations and in some cases inject them directly into hosts. Of these, the Sec system is ubiquitous, essential and by far the best understood. Secretory polypeptides are sorted from cytoplasmic ones initially due to characteristic signal peptides. Then they are targeted to the plasma membrane by chaperones/pilots. The translocase, a dynamic nanomachine, lies at the centre of this process and acts as a protein
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17

Campos, Alejandro, John D. Port, and Andres Acosta. "Integrative Hedonic and Homeostatic Food Intake Regulation by the Central Nervous System: Insights from Neuroimaging." Brain Sciences 12, no. 4 (2022): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12040431.

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Food intake regulation in humans is a complex process controlled by the dynamic interaction of homeostatic and hedonic systems. Homeostatic regulation is controlled by appetitive signals from the gut, adipose tissue, and the vagus nerve, while conscious and unconscious reward processes orchestrate hedonic regulation. On the one hand, sight, smell, taste, and texture perception deliver potent food-related feedback to the central nervous system (CNS) and influence brain areas related to food reward. On the other hand, macronutrient composition stimulates the release of appetite signals from the
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18

Omenetti, Alessia, Liu Yang, Raul R. Gainetdinov, et al. "Paracrine modulation of cholangiocyte serotonin synthesis orchestrates biliary remodeling in adults." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 300, no. 2 (2011): G303—G315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00368.2010.

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Paracrine signaling between cholangiocytes and stromal cells regulates biliary remodeling. Cholangiocytes have neuroepithelial characteristics and serotonin receptor agonists inhibit their growth, but whether they are capable of serotonin biosynthesis is unknown. We hypothesized that cholangiocytes synthesize serotonin and that cross talk between liver myofibroblasts (MF) and cholangiocytes regulates this process to influence biliary remodeling. Transwell cultures of cholangiocytes ± MF, and tryptophan hydroxylase-2 knockin (TPH2KI) mice with an inactivating mutation of the neuronal tryptophan
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19

Leydon, Alexander R., Adisorn Chaibang, and Mark A. Johnson. "Interactions between pollen tube and pistil control pollen tube identity and sperm release in the Arabidopsis female gametophyte." Biochemical Society Transactions 42, no. 2 (2014): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20130223.

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Flowering plants have immotile sperm that develop within the pollen cytoplasm and are delivered to female gametes by a pollen tube, a highly polarized extension of the pollen cell. In many flowering plant species, including seed crop plants, hundreds of pollen tubes grow towards a limited number of ovules. This system should ensure maximal fertilization of ovules and seed production; however, we know very little about how signalling between the critical cells is integrated to orchestrate delivery of two functional sperm to each ovule. Recent studies suggest that the pollen tube changes its gen
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20

Reuter, Jula, Christian Otten, Nicolas Jacquier, et al. "An NlpC/P60 protein catalyzes a key step in peptidoglycan recycling at the intersection of energy recovery, cell division and immune evasion in the intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis." PLOS Pathogens 19, no. 2 (2023): e1011047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011047.

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The obligate intracellular Chlamydiaceae do not need to resist osmotic challenges and thus lost their cell wall in the course of evolution. Nevertheless, these pathogens maintain a rudimentary peptidoglycan machinery for cell division. They build a transient peptidoglycan ring, which is remodeled during the process of cell division and degraded afterwards. Uncontrolled degradation of peptidoglycan poses risks to the chlamydial cell, as essential building blocks might get lost or trigger host immune response upon release into the host cell. Here, we provide evidence that a primordial enzyme cla
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Janczi, Tomasz, Florian Meier, Yuliya Fehrl, Raimund W. Kinne, Beate Böhm, and Harald Burkhardt. "A Novel Pro-Inflammatory Mechanosensing Pathway Orchestrated by the Disintegrin Metalloproteinase ADAM15 in Synovial Fibroblasts." Cells 10, no. 10 (2021): 2705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10102705.

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Mechanotransduction is elicited in cells upon the perception of physical forces transmitted via the extracellular matrix in their surroundings and results in signaling events that impact cellular functions. This physiological process is a prerequisite for maintaining the integrity of diarthrodial joints, while excessive loading is a factor promoting the inflammatory mechanisms of joint destruction. Here, we describe a mechanotransduction pathway in synovial fibroblasts (SF) derived from the synovial membrane of inflamed joints. The functionality of this pathway is completely lost in the absenc
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Boscher, Julie, Ines Guinard, Anita Eckly, François Lanza, and Catherine Léon. "Blood platelet formation at a glance." Journal of Cell Science 133, no. 20 (2020): jcs244731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.244731.

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ABSTRACTThe main function of blood platelets is to ensure hemostasis and prevent hemorrhages. The 1011 platelets needed daily are produced in a well-orchestrated process. However, this process is not yet fully understood and in vitro platelet production is still inefficient. Platelets are produced in the bone marrow by megakaryocytes, highly specialized precursor cells that extend cytoplasmic projections called proplatelets (PPTs) through the endothelial barrier of sinusoid vessels. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster we discuss the mechanisms and pathways invo
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Mahdaleny, Mahdaleny, Arleni Bustami, and Febriana Catur Iswanti. "Macrophage modulation in activation process induced immune thrombocytopenia." Universa Medicina 43, no. 1 (2024): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2024.v43.76-87.

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The immune system operates like an orchestra that harmoniously maintains the homeostasis balance while protecting from external or internal pathogens attack. Inflammation is one of the key critical immune defenses to eradicate pathogens and encourage tissue repair and recovery by activating the host’s immune and non-immune cells. As a part of the immune response during inflammation, blood platelets serve various functions; however, their activation and involvement in inflammation can also contribute to pathological conditions, such as thrombosis, which results in myocardial infarction, stroke,
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Tonini, Stefano, Ali Zein Alabiden Tlais, Pasquale Filannino, Raffaella Di Cagno, and Marco Gobbetti. "Apple Blossom Agricultural Residues as a Sustainable Source of Bioactive Peptides through Microbial Fermentation Bioprocessing." Antioxidants 13, no. 7 (2024): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox13070837.

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This study explored the impact of starter-assisted fermentation on apple blossoms to enhance their potential as a source of antioxidant and antifungal molecules. Fructobacillus fructosus PL22 and Wickerhamomyces anomalus GY1 were chosen as starters owing to their origin and promising ability to modify plant secondary metabolites. An initial assessment through microbiological and physicochemical analyses showed superior outcomes for starter-assisted fermentation compared to the spontaneous process. Enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins, primarily controlled by starters, orchestrated the generation o
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Cescato, Margaux, Yixiang Y. J. Zhu, Laurent Le Corre, Bénédicte F. Py, Sophie Georgin-Lavialle, and Mathieu P. Rodero. "Implication of the LRR Domain in the Regulation and Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome." Cells 13, no. 16 (2024): 1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells13161365.

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The NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical component of the innate immune response. NLRP3 activation is a tightly controlled process involving an initial priming to express NLRP3, pro-IL-1 β, and pro-IL-18, followed by an activation signal. The precise mechanism of activation is not fully understood due to the diverse range of activators, yet it effectively orchestrates the activation of caspase-1, which subsequently triggers the release of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. NLRP3 dysregulation can lead to a variety of inflammatory diseases, highlighting its significant role in immune respon
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Leng, Lige, Ziqi Yuan, Xiao Su, et al. "Hypothalamic Menin regulates systemic aging and cognitive decline." PLOS Biology 21, no. 3 (2023): e3002033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002033.

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Aging is a systemic process, which is a risk factor for impaired physiological functions, and finally death. The molecular mechanisms driving aging process and the associated cognitive decline are not fully understood. The hypothalamus acts as the arbiter that orchestrates systemic aging through neuroinflammatory signaling. Our recent findings revealed that Menin plays important roles in neuroinflammation and brain development. Here, we found that the hypothalamic Menin signaling diminished in aged mice, which correlates with systemic aging and cognitive deficits. Restoring Menin expression in
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Bobowski-Gerard, Marie, Francesco Zummo, Bart Staels, Philippe Lefebvre, and Jérôme Eeckhoute. "Retinoids Issued from Hepatic Stellate Cell Lipid Droplet Loss as Potential Signaling Molecules Orchestrating a Multicellular Liver Injury Response." Cells 7, no. 9 (2018): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells7090137.

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Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) serve as the main body storage compartment for vitamin A through retinyl ester (RE)-filled lipid droplets (LDs). Upon liver injury, HSCs adopt a myofibroblastic phenotype characterized by an elevated expression of extracellular matrix proteins and a concomitant loss of LDs. On the one hand, LD breakdown has been suggested to provide the energy required for HSC activation into myofibroblast-like cells. On the other hand, this process could mitigate HSC activation following the transformation of released REs into retinoic acids (RAs), ligands for nuclear receptors e
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Cirone, Mara. "ER Stress, UPR Activation and the Inflammatory Response to Viral Infection." Viruses 13, no. 5 (2021): 798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13050798.

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The response to invading pathogens such as viruses is orchestrated by pattern recognition receptor (PRR) and unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling, which intersects and converges in the activation of proinflammatory pathways and the release of cytokines and chemokines that harness the immune system in the attempt to clear microbial infection. Despite this protective intent, the inflammatory response, particularly during viral infection, may be too intense or last for too long, whereby it becomes the cause of organ or systemic diseases itself. This suggests that a better understanding of th
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Nürenberg-Goloub, Elina, Holger Heinemann, Milan Gerovac, and Robert Tampé. "Ribosome recycling is coordinated by processive events in two asymmetric ATP sites of ABCE1." Life Science Alliance 1, no. 3 (2018): e201800095. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.201800095.

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Ribosome recycling orchestrated by ABCE1 is a fundamental process in protein translation and mRNA surveillance, connecting termination with initiation. Beyond the plenitude of well-studied translational GTPases, ABCE1 is the only essential factor energized by ATP, delivering the energy for ribosome splitting via two nucleotide-binding sites by a yet unknown mechanism. Here, we define how allosterically coupled ATP binding and hydrolysis events in ABCE1 empower ribosome recycling. ATP occlusion in the low-turnover control site II promotes formation of the pre-splitting complex and facilitates A
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Sáez, Juan José, Jheimmy Diaz, Jorge Ibañez, et al. "The exocyst controls lysosome secretion and antigen extraction at the immune synapse of B cells." Journal of Cell Biology 218, no. 7 (2019): 2247–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201811131.

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B lymphocytes capture antigens from the surface of presenting cells by forming an immune synapse. Local secretion of lysosomes, which are guided to the synaptic membrane by centrosome repositioning, can facilitate the extraction of immobilized antigens. However, the molecular basis underlying their delivery to precise domains of the plasma membrane remains elusive. Here we show that microtubule stabilization, triggered by engagement of the B cell receptor, acts as a cue to release centrosome-associated Exo70, which is redistributed to the immune synapse. This process is coupled to the recruitm
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Martinod, Kimberly, Thilo Witsch, Luise Erpenbeck, et al. "Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 promotes age-related organ fibrosis." Journal of Experimental Medicine 214, no. 2 (2016): 439–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20160530.

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Aging promotes inflammation, a process contributing to fibrosis and decline in organ function. The release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs [NETosis]), orchestrated by peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), damages organs in acute inflammatory models. We determined that NETosis is more prevalent in aged mice and investigated the role of PAD4/NETs in age-related organ fibrosis. Reduction in fibrosis was seen in the hearts and lungs of aged PAD4−/− mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. An increase in left ventricular interstitial collagen deposition and a decline in systolic and diastolic
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Stramer, Brian, Will Wood, Michael J. Galko, et al. "Live imaging of wound inflammation in Drosophila embryos reveals key roles for small GTPases during in vivo cell migration." Journal of Cell Biology 168, no. 4 (2005): 567–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200405120.

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Aa robust inflammatory response to tissue damage and infection is conserved across almost all animal phyla. Neutrophils and macrophages, or their equivalents, are drawn to the wound site where they engulf cell and matrix debris and release signals that direct components of the repair process. This orchestrated cell migration is clinically important, and yet, to date, leukocyte chemotaxis has largely been studied in vitro. Here, we describe a genetically tractable in vivo wound model of inflammation in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo that is amenable to cinemicroscopy. For the first time, we
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Gianni, Tatiana, Raffaele Massaro та Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume. "Dissociation of HSV gL from gH by αvβ6- or αvβ8-integrin promotes gH activation and virus entry". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, № 29 (2015): E3901—E3910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1506846112.

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Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is an important human pathogen. It enters cells through an orchestrated process that requires four essential glycoproteins, gD, gH/gL, and gB, activated in cascade fashion by receptor-binding and signaling. gH/gL heterodimer is conserved across theHerpesviridaefamily. HSV entry is enabled by gH/gL interaction with αvβ6- or αvβ8-integrin receptors. We report that the interaction of virion gH/gL with integrins resulted in gL dissociation and its release in the medium. gL dissociation occurred if all components of the entry apparatus—receptor-bound gD and gB—were presen
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Jang, Hye-Jeong, Daniel Manaye Tiruneh, Hanjun Ryu, and Jeong-Kee Yoon. "Piezoelectric and Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Enhanced Wound Healing." Biomimetics 8, no. 7 (2023): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8070517.

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Wound healing is a highly orchestrated biological process characterized by sequential phases involving inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling, and the role of endogenous electrical signals in regulating these phases has been highlighted. Recently, external electrostimulation has been shown to enhance these processes by promoting cell migration, extracellular matrix formation, and growth factor release while suppressing pro-inflammatory signals and reducing the risk of infection. Among the innovative approaches, piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators have emerged as the next
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Zhong, Sheng, Ling Li, Zhijuan Wang, et al. "RALF peptide signaling controls the polytubey block in Arabidopsis." Science 375, no. 6578 (2022): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abl4683.

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Fertilization of an egg by multiple sperm (polyspermy) leads to lethal genome imbalance and chromosome segregation defects. In Arabidopsis thaliana , the block to polyspermy is facilitated by a mechanism that prevents polytubey (the arrival of multiple pollen tubes to one ovule). We show here that FERONIA, ANJEA, and HERCULES RECEPTOR KINASE 1 receptor-like kinases located at the septum interact with pollen tube–specific RALF6, 7, 16, 36, and 37 peptide ligands to establish this polytubey block. The same combination of RALF (rapid alkalinization factor) peptides and receptor complexes controls
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Lee, Sook-Kyung, Janera Harris, and Ronald Swanstrom. "A Strongly Transdominant Mutation in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gag Gene Defines an Achilles Heel in the Virus Life Cycle." Journal of Virology 83, no. 17 (2009): 8536–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00317-09.

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ABSTRACT The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease (PR) makes five obligatory cleavages in the viral Gag polyprotein precursor. The cleavage events release the virion structural proteins from the precursor and allow the virion to undergo maturation to become infectious. The protease cleavage between the matrix protein (MA) domain and the adjacent capsid protein (CA) domain releases CA from the membrane-anchored MA and allows the N terminus of CA to refold into a structure that facilitates the formation of hexamer arrays that represent the structural unit of the capsid shell. In
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37

Behl, Bharat, Sivapriya Kailasan Vanaja, and Vijay Rathinam. "Molecular determinants of noncanonical inflammasome activation by LPS." Journal of Immunology 198, no. 1_Supplement (2017): 64.9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.64.9.

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Abstract Septic shock is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units worldwide. Gram-negative bacteria constitute one of the most common causes of sepsis that results in high fatality by initiating an excessive and uncontrolled host inflammatory response. At the epicenter of this response is the innate immune detection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). In addition to TLR4 recognition of LPS, recent studies revealed a new LPS sensing mechanism in the cytosol. Inflammatory caspases, such as caspase-11, detect LPS to execute pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of cell death, and
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38

Xiang, Zou, Ahmed A. Ahmed, Christine Möller, Kei-ichi Nakayama, Shigetsugu Hatakeyama, and Gunnar Nilsson. "Essential Role of the Prosurvival bcl-2 Homologue A1 in Mast Cell Survival After Allergic Activation." Journal of Experimental Medicine 194, no. 11 (2001): 1561–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.194.11.1561.

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Mast cells reside in tissues, where upon activation through the high-affinity-IgE-receptor (FcϵRI) they degranulate and orchestrate the allergic reaction. Mast cells survive this activation and can thus be reactivated. In this study we demonstrate that this process depends on the pro-survival gene A1. Activation of mast cells through FcϵRI resulted in degranulation, strong induction of A1 mRNA and protein, and cell survival. In contrast, A1-deficient mast cells released granule mediators similar to the wild-type control, but the cells did not survive an allergic activation. Furthermore, A1−/−
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39

Aziz, Shiekh Aejaz. "Angiogenesis and Cancer." JMS SKIMS 12, no. 2 (2009): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33883/jms.v12i2.11.

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Tumors measuring 1-2 (mm)3 lack blood supply and neovascularization is a major process orchestrated by over-production and release of pro-angiogenic growth factors causing sequential step-wise formation of blood vessel capillaries in tumors.Moleculars mediators of tumors angiogenesis include VEGF family, IL-8, EGF receptor ligands, basic and acidic FGF, PDGF etc. There are natural endogenenous inhibitors of tumorigenesis (TSP-1,Vasostatin).Negative feedback mechanisms do exist to control/regulate tumor angiogenesis. Angiogeneis is detrimental to tumor progression favouring transition from hype
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40

Park, Hyo-Hyun, Na-Young Park, Sun-Gun Kim, Kyu-Tae Jeong, Eu-Jin Lee, and Eunkyung Lee. "Potential Wound Healing Activities of Galla Rhois in Human Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 43, no. 08 (2015): 1625–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x15500925.

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Wound healing is a complex process orchestrated by the regeneration of the epithelium and the remodeling of the extracellular matrix through processes like collagen deposition. Galla Rhois has been widely used in traditional Korean medicine for its various pharmacological effects, including an anticoccidial effect, however, little is known about its healing activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Galla Rhois ethanol extract (GRE) on wound healing activities, including H2O2-induced oxidative stress, cell migration, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays using
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41

Robidoux, Jacques, Lucie Simoneau, André Masse, and Julie Lafond. "Activation of L-Type Calcium Channels Induces Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Secretion from Human Placental Trophoblasts*." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 85, no. 9 (2000): 3356–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.85.9.6774.

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Abstract The ultimate outcome of pregnancy, parturition, is a well orchestrated process in which placental corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) seems to play an important role. The objective of the present study was to investigate the involvement of L-type calcium channels and calcium-dependent signaling in the depolarization-induced CRF release from human syncytiotrophoblast. The basal secretion of CRF by trophoblastic cells, isolated from human term placenta, was maximal after their functional differentiation, which was monitored by hCG measurements. On the fourth day of culture, the basal C
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Agustina Kusuma Dewi, Yasraf Amir Piliang, Irfansyah, and Acep Iwan Saidi. "Agustina Kusuma Dewi TRANSPOSISI KREATIF ‘GERAK’ DALAM FILM SEBAGAI IDENTITAS KULTURAL PADA ERA MULTILITERASI DIGITAL Studi Kasus Film ‘Setan Jawa’ Karya Garin Nugroho." PROSIDING: SENI, TEKNOLOGI, DAN MASYARAKAT 2 (January 24, 2020): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33153/semhas.v2i0.106.

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Technology change the way of thinking, how people access information also influence process to spread andshare information in various media, including film, an art that plays images and screen technology. In the film,‘movement’ is a changing position of an object. Accelerating technology constructed’movement’ becomes animportant keyword that needs to be presented in every communication channel. ‘Setan Jawa’ Film by GarinNugroho with Gamelan Orchestra composed by Rahayu Supanggah, was released in Indonesia in 2016 inJakarta and still scheduled to tour the world until 2020. Combines a variety of
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43

Kang, Matthew, Cherie Blenkiron, and Lawrence W. Chamley. "The biodistribution of placental and fetal extracellular vesicles during pregnancy following placentation." Clinical Science 137, no. 5 (2023): 385–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20220301.

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Abstract Human pregnancy is a highly orchestrated process requiring extensive cross-talk between the mother and the fetus. Extracellular vesicles released by the fetal tissue, particularly the placenta, are recognized as important mediators of this process. More recently, the importance of placental extracellular vesicle biodistribution studies in animal models has received increasing attention as identifying the organs to which extracellular vesicles are targeted to helps us understand more about this communication system. Placental extracellular vesicles are categorized based on their size i
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44

Landis, Robert Clive, Kim R. Quimby, and Andre R. Greenidge. "M1/M2 Macrophages in Diabetic Nephropathy: Nrf2/HO-1 as Therapeutic Targets." Current Pharmaceutical Design 24, no. 20 (2018): 2241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666180716163845.

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The process of inflammation is orchestrated by macrophages, according to their state of differentiation: thus, classically activated (M1) macrophages initiate the process by elaborating proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species, whereas the latter phase is controlled by alternatively activated macrophages (M2) to resolve inflammation and promote tissue remodelling with the release of growth factors. In a simple human inflammatory response, such as acute crystal arthropathy, macrophages progress linearly through M1 and M2 phases; however, in chronic inflammatory responses, such as a
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Chagraoui, Hedia, Mira Kassouf, Sreemoti Banerjee, et al. "SCL-mediated regulation of the cell-cycle regulator p21 is critical for murine megakaryopoiesis." Blood 118, no. 3 (2011): 723–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-01-328765.

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Abstract Megakaryopoiesis is a complex process that involves major cellular and nuclear changes and relies on controlled coordination of cellular proliferation and differentiation. These mechanisms are orchestrated in part by transcriptional regulators. The key hematopoietic transcription factor stem cell leukemia (SCL)/TAL1 is required in early hematopoietic progenitors for specification of the megakaryocytic lineage. These early functions have, so far, prevented full investigation of its role in megakaryocyte development in loss-of-function studies. Here, we report that SCL critically contro
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Meyer, Imke, Stefan Kunert, Silke Schwiebert, et al. "Altered microtubule equilibrium and impaired thrombus stability in mice lacking RanBP10." Blood 120, no. 17 (2012): 3594–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-01-401737.

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Abstract The crucial function of blood platelets in hemostasis is to prevent blood loss by stable thrombus formation. This process is driven by orchestrated mechanisms including several signal transduction cascades and morphologic transformations. The cytoplasmic microtubule modulator RanBP10 is a Ran and β1-tubulin binding protein that is essential for platelet granule release and mice lacking RanBP10 harbor a severe bleeding phenotype. In this study, we demonstrate that RanBP10-nullizygous platelets show normal adhesion on collagen and von Willebrand factor under flow conditions. However, us
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Hsu, Chia-Lin, Sergejs Berdnikovs, and Paul Bryce. "Mast cell-derived IL-33 orchestrates antigen-driven tissue inflammation by promoting a unique inflammatory basophil response (HYP3P.352)." Journal of Immunology 192, no. 1_Supplement (2014): 54.10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.54.10.

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Abstract While IL-33 is commonly described as an epithelial derived cytokine, we previously showed that IgE activation of mast cells induces IL-33 expression. In vivo, IgE-primed mast cells serve as peripheral sensors for antigen (Ag) and drive an early edema followed by an antigen-driven tissue inflammation (ADTI). Histamine drives the edematous response but the mechanisms controlling local ADTI are unclear. Here, we sought to examine the roles of IL-33 and its receptor, ST2 in this process. Using a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis model, we show that mast cell-derived IL-33 is both sufficient a
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48

Johnson, Louise A., and David G. Jackson. "Hyaluronan and Its Receptors: Key Mediators of Immune Cell Entry and Trafficking in the Lymphatic System." Cells 10, no. 8 (2021): 2061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10082061.

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Entry to the afferent lymphatics marks the first committed step for immune cell migration from tissues to draining lymph nodes both for the generation of immune responses and for timely resolution of tissue inflammation. This critical process occurs primarily at specialised discontinuous junctions in initial lymphatic capillaries, directed by chemokines released from lymphatic endothelium and orchestrated by adhesion between lymphatic receptors and their immune cell ligands. Prominent amongst the latter is the large glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) that can form a bulky glycocalyx on the surf
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Melo, Cristina P. B., Priscila Saito, Renata M. Martinez, et al. "Aspirin-Triggered Resolvin D1 (AT-RvD1) Protects Mouse Skin against UVB-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress." Molecules 28, no. 5 (2023): 2417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28052417.

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Intense exposure to UVB radiation incites excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation. The resolution of inflammation is an active process orchestrated by a family of lipid molecules that includes AT-RvD1, a specialized proresolving lipid mediator (SPM). AT-RvD1 is derived from omega-3, which presents anti-inflammatory activity and reduces oxidative stress markers. The present work aims to investigate the protective effect of AT-RvD1 on UVB-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in hairless mice. Animals were first treated with 30, 100, and 300 pg/animal AT-RvD1 (
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50

Safari, Zohreh, Stephen C. Rogers, Mary E. Brummet, et al. "RBC eNOS Transduces Regional O2 Gradients to Orchestrate RBC O2 Delivery Phenotype during Circulatory Transit." Blood 142, Supplement 1 (2023): 3824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-189079.

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BACKGROUND: The role of endogenous endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in mature RBCs is poorly understood. We have previously demonstrated functionally O2-dependent eNOS migration in RBCs, mediating (via s-nitrosylation) glycolytic metabolon assembly/disassembly during circulation in support of antioxidant systems during stress. We have further explored eNOS migration and now propose the following mechanism along with its functional significance. We (and others) suggest that hemoglobin (Hb) conformational change resulting from deoxygenation leads to its docking at the cytoplasmic domain of Band 3
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