Relevant bibliographies by topics / Orchid tree

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Orchid tree'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Orchid tree"

1

Silva, Igor A., Alessandro W. C. Ferreira, Maria I. S. Lima, and João J. Soares. "Networks of epiphytic orchids and host trees in Brazilian gallery forests." Journal of Tropical Ecology 26, no. 2 (January 29, 2010): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467409990551.

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Abstract:Species interactions have been recently depicted as networks, in which each species is connected to one or more other species in binary interaction matrices. Forty networks of epiphytic orchid and host tree species were assessed in Brazilian gallery forests. The nestedness of the networks was estimated with the NODF index and the significance was tested with null models. The phylogenetic structure of the network was also assessed, by searching for phylogenetic signals in the number of interactions and in the similarity of interacting species. In total, 105 orchid species and 132 host tree species were sampled. A nested pattern in all orchid–host tree networks was found. However, phylogenetic signals were not observed. The results support that the host specificity of orchids is small and most of the interactions occur among generalist orchids and generalist host trees. While the concept of species-specificity can thus be rejected, the extreme alternative – that interacting orchids and host trees are not a random subset of the regional species pool – can be dismissed as well. However, factors other than phylogenetic history may structure interaction networks of epiphytic orchids and host trees.
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Petit, Sophie, and Catherine Ruth Dickson. "Grass-tree (Xanthorrhoea semiplana, Liliaceae) facilitation of the endangered pink-lipped spider orchid (Caladenia syn. Arachnorchis behrii, Orchidaceae) varies in South Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 53, no. 5 (2005): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt04034.

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We examined the role of the grass-tree Xanthorrhoea semiplana F.Muell. canopy in the survival of the nationally endangered orchid Caladenia (syn. Arachnorchis) behrii Schltdl. at three sites in the northern Adelaide region. We compared grazing and pollination of the flowering orchids within and away from the grass-tree canopy. Grass-trees generally provided significant protection from grazing, but orchids protected by grass-trees experienced reduced pollination for 2 out of 5 years. The net effect of these interactions, as measured by seed set, varied across years. When grazing pressure is high, orchids may benefit from grass-tree protection (facilitation), but under low grazing pressure, it is more probable that orchids set seeds away from grass-trees than under their canopy. Grazing pressure probably does not decrease in view of habitat fragmentation the importance of fragments as wildlife refuges. Therefore, factors affecting the survival of grass-trees, such as Phytophthora cinnamomi, may also affect orchid survival. Kangaroos which are often assumed to be responsible for most grazing in the Adelaide Hills are not the only predators of orchids, and a culling program has so far not resulted in a decrease of grazing pressure for the orchids. Translocation and fencing programs should examine the role of facilitative plants and grazers before spending precious conservation resources.
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Fathul Hafidh, Muhammad Edya Rosadi, and Rahmadi Agus. "PENERAPAN METODE ITERATIVE DICHOTOMIZER (ID3) UNTUK DIAGNOSA HAMA TANAMAN ANGGREK." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Universitas Lambung Mangkurat (JTIULM) 2, no. 1 (June 12, 2017): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jtiulm.v2i1.16.

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Orchid plants is one component of the aesthetic aspect and become a part of human life. Diagnostics system for classification orchid pests were attack plants still using the manual model, it’s result difficulty identifying pests orchid that has a variety of symptoms are almost the same. As to distinguish the symptoms of damage to the leaves, roots and flowers caused by pests. ID3 able to generate a decision tree of large data sets. This decision tree can be used as a reference for the diagnosis of pests on orchids. In this research, pest classification of orchids do with ID3 method with the highest level of performance accuracy is 78.06%.
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Whigham, Dennis, Melissa McCormick, Hope Brooks, Brian Josey, Robert Floyd, and Jason Applegate. "Isotria medeoloides, a North American Threatened Orchid: Fungal Abundance May Be as Important as Light in Species Management." Plants 10, no. 9 (September 15, 2021): 1924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10091924.

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The management of endangered or threatened plant species is difficult if protocols are not developed to propagate species for the purpose of restoration or the enhancement of existing populations. The management of endangered and threatened orchids is especially difficult because of the obligate interactions between orchids and orchid mycorrhizal fungi. Isotria medeoloides is a federally threatened forest-dwelling orchid species with a wide distribution in eastern North America. Seeds have not been successfully germinated and current management is based primarily on using subcanopy thinning to increase light in areas where monitoring demonstrates that populations are declining. We report the results of long-term monitoring efforts, canopy thinning, and orchid mycorrhizal fungus abundance studies at two locations in Virginia. The declining populations responded positively to the experimental and natural thinning of the canopy. At one site, the response was the result of understory canopy thinning. At the second site, the response was due to the natural death of a canopy tree. In light of the dramatic increase in fungal abundance following death of the canopy tree, we propose the Fungal Abundance Hypothesis as an additional approach to the management of endangered plant species. The removal of canopy trees in or adjacent to Isotria populations results in an increase in dead belowground biomass (i.e., roots of the dead canopy tree) that provides substrates for microbial growth, including orchid mycorrhizal fungi, that benefit Isotria.
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Hernández-Pérez, Ezequiel, Eloy Solano, and Ramiro Ríos-Gómez. "Host affinity and vertical distribution of epiphytic orchids in a montane cloud forest in southern Mexico." Botanical Sciences 96, no. 2 (June 19, 2018): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1869.

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<p class="Standard1"><strong>Background</strong>: The host´s structural characteristics provide diverse microhabitats that influence the distribution patterns of the epiphytes at different vertical zones and among tree species.</p><p class="Standard1"><strong>Hypotheses</strong>: Epiphytic orchids have preference for larger host trees and with non-exfoliating rough bark, while the limiting hosts will be those of smaller size and smooth and exfoliating bark, and there will be fewer individuals in the upper canopy of the host trees because the micro-environmental conditions are more stressful compared to the middle and lower parts of the host trees.</p><p class="Standard1"><strong>Methods</strong>: The host preferences and vertical distribution<strong> </strong>of the epiphytic orchids were analyzed in 20 montane cloud forest fragments. In each fragment, two transects of 2 × 50 m were drawn, and the trees with a diameter at a breast height ≥ 20 cm were recorded. In each tree, basal area was quantified and bark texture was characterized. In each tree and vertical zone, the orchid species present were identified and quantified.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Orchid distribution patterns vary between vertical zones and host tree species, and the richness is related to host size and bark texture. The highest species richness and number of epiphytic orchid’s individuals were recorded in host trees with fissured bark and larger size. The distribution of orchids in the host was not homogeneous nor was it related to any particular host species. However, five trees species were considered as host preferred, while five tree species were limiting hosts. The highest richness was recorded in vertical zone II and the lowest in zones I and V.</p><p class="Standard1"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Larger trees contain greater richness of epiphytic orchids, because they offer better conditions for their establishment, provide a great diversity of microhabitats, greater time and area for epiphytic colonization events. The texture of the bark is a relevant factor in the host preference, and in the hosts with smooth bark, the presence of epiphytic orchids depends on the accumulation of organic matter.</p>
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Hernández-Pérez, Ezequiel, and Eloy Solano. "Effects of habitat fragmentation on the diversity of epiphytic orchids from a montane forest of southern Mexico." Journal of Tropical Ecology 31, no. 2 (November 28, 2014): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467414000662.

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Abstract:Epiphytic orchids are very diverse in montane forests, but fragmentation modifies this diversity. Twenty fragments were quantified to evaluate the effects of fragmentation on the alpha and beta diversities of epiphytic orchids in a montane forest located in southern Mexico. The following factors were evaluated: area, core area, shape, edge density, Euclidean nearest-neighbour distance fragment and contrast index. In each fragment, two transects of 2 × 50 m were drawn, and the trees with a diameter at breast height ≥ 20 cm were recorded. In each tree, the orchid species present were identified and quantified. Twenty-three species of epiphytic orchid in 234 phorophytes corresponding to 20 species were recorded. The epiphytic orchid richness per tree and species turnover was different between the phorophytes. The edge density and the contrast index had significant effects on the alpha diversity, while the isolation of the fragments significantly affected the beta diversity. The edge density positively affected the alpha diversity of the epiphytic orchids, likely through microclimatic changes caused by fragmentation. Drought-tolerant species were common on the edges of the fragments, and shade-tolerant species established on the core area of the fragments. This pattern most likely depends on the ecological range of the taxa, which is crucial to their development and persistence in fragmented habitats.
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Choden, Kelzang, Jambay, Arjun Nepal, Choden, and Bhagat Suberi. "Habitat Ecology of Epiphytic & Terrestrial Orchids in Langchenphu, Jomotsangkha Wildlife Sanctuary, Bhutan." Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI) 2, no. 2 (August 22, 2021): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47540/ijsei.v2i2.256.

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Orchids are the largest and diverse families of flowering plants. Orchids are found growing mostly in tropical climates affecting various communities socio-economically. Among many protected areas in Bhutan, Jomotshangkha Wildlife Sanctuary (JWS) is the least explored in terms of flora and fauna. The study was carried out to assess diversity, host tree preferences and to determine the growth zone of epiphytic orchids along the altitudinal gradient in Langchenphu gewog in JWS. Transect technique was used in which three trails transect were laid out with 10 sampling plots in each transect. Plots size of 20 m × 20 m along the altitudinal gradients were established maintaining an altitudinal interval of 100 meters between each sample plot. A total of 42 species of epiphytic orchids from 20 genera was recorded of23 host tree species under 15 families were recorded. A significant correlation between diversity of orchid and altitude was observed (r = .927, p < .05). Myrtaceae and Theaceae were the most preferred host tree families (14%) followed by Bignoniaceae (13%) and others respectively. The Study concludes that 57% of total species encountered prefers higher canopy & on a tree with rough bark, Pearson chi-square test (X2(1) = 4.7, p< .05) showed a significant difference between trunk, branches, and canopy. Many epiphytic orchids prefer dense canopy (n = 73, 47%) and living trees (99%). Future studies should be focused more on the flowering season for obtaining better information on orchid diversity in the study area.
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Migenis, Luis E., and James D. Ackerman. "Orchid—phorophyte relationships in a forest watershed in Puerto Rico." Journal of Tropical Ecology 9, no. 2 (May 1993): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400007227.

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ABSTRACTOrchid diversity, distribution and host specificity were examined in a tropical watershed in the Luquillo Experimental Forest of Puerto Rico. Eleven orchid species occur in the area. The low diversity is attributed to island isolation and large-scale hurricane disturbances. Pleurothallis ruscifolia and Maxillaria coccinea were by far the most abundant species in the area and occurred on the largest number of host species and host zones. None of the orchids were host specific or host zone specialists although preferences for hosts and vertical host zones were encountered.Only 8.2% of the 426 trees and shrubs and 24.4% of the 45 species surveyed were orchid phorophytes (= hosts). Examination of host distribution by diameter at breast height (DBH) showed that 80.5% were greater than 16 cm DBH. Orchid species in the area tend to occur on rough bark hosts, but their preferences are not statistically significant. Guarea guidonia (Meliaceae) and Dacryodes excelsa (Burseraceae) are the two most important orchid hosts in our study site comprising 62.9% of all host trees. Careful management of these two tree species is suggested, since these species may be crucial to the maintenance of orchid abundance and diversity in the area.
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Lõhmus, Asko, and Tiiu Kull. "Orchid abundance in hemiboreal forests: stand-scale effects of clear-cutting, green-tree retention, and artificial drainage." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, no. 6 (June 2011): 1352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x11-047.

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The current knowledge on the impact of forest management on plant species of conservation concern is poor. We asked how three basic silvicultural techniques (clear-cutting, green-tree retention, and artificial drainage) affect the abundance of terrestrial orchid species and their communities in Estonia, hemiboreal Europe. Fixed-area, fixed-effort surveys (4 h per 2 ha plot) were used in 29 plot clusters representing five site types, with each cluster including plots of four treatments (old growth, mature managed forest, and cutover with and without live retention trees). Altogether 11 species of orchids were recorded in those 116 plots, with the most complete sets of species in artificially drained plots and mature stands. Five species were widely distributed among treatments and site types, but most site types also hosted shade-tolerant orchids (six species) that characteristically disappeared after timber harvesting. Cutover areas (3–7 years after harvest) hosted no species absent from uncut forest stands, and retention of solitary trees had no effect on orchid abundance over clear-cuts. Modern Estonian forest landscapes appear to support viable populations of many orchids, with rotation ages sufficient for population development of the majority of shade-tolerant species.
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Burok, Helena G., Rosye H. R. Tanjung, and Maklon Warpur. "Domestifikasi Anggrek di Distrik Merauke Kabupaten Merauke–Papua." JURNAL BIOLOGI PAPUA 1, no. 1 (October 20, 2018): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/jbp.569.

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Inventory study of cultivated orchid in District Merauke, Merauke City was done from March–June 2006. Survey methods was used in this study. There were ten species of orchid in this area, consisted of 8 species of native Papuan orchids (Acriopsis javanica Reinw, Dendrobium anthenatum, Dendrobium diskolour Lind, Dendrobium konkolor Lind, Dendrobium nindii, Dendrobium johanes, and two hibrids), and 2 introduce species (Phalaenopsis sp and Phalaenopis amabilis). Dendrobium anthenatum, Dendrobium diskolour Lind, Dendrobium konkolor Lind, and Dendrobium johanes were the most frequently found species, Dendrobium johanes were mostly encountered on the bark of eucalypt tree on secondary forest wich had high humidity. The problems in orchid cultivation in those area were drought, pest, pathogen, and lack of guidance in orchid cultivation as well. Key words: Inventory, orchid, Merauke District, Merauke City.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Orchid tree"

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Mazzini, Renata Bachin [UNESP]. "Propagação vegetativa e produção de mudas de Bauhinia spp." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105169.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-05-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:06:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mazzini_rb_dr_jabo.pdf: 553447 bytes, checksum: 9c6222f701669fffbf029f7f1f092b0d (MD5)
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Espécies de Bauhinia têm sido muito cultivadas em jardins, parques e ruas. Como Bauhinia x blakeana (Bauhinia purpurea x Bauhinia variegata) não produz sementes, é essencial que seja multiplicado vegetativamente. O primeiro objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a viabilidade da estaquia e da enxertia na propagação desse híbrido. Estacas semilenhosas foram coletadas nas quatro estações do ano e tratadas com diferentes concentrações de AIB. Para a enxertia, mudas de B. variegata e B. variegata var. candida foram usadas como porta-enxerto e os métodos de garfagem tipo inglês simples e borbulhia tipo “T” invertido foram testados. Os resultados desses experimentos indicaram que B. x blakeana pode ser multiplicado por estacas semilenhosas coletadas na primavera, sem o uso do fitorregulador AIB; no verão, dentre as concentrações avaliadas, recomenda-se a aplicação de 3.000 mg L-1 de AIB. Os métodos de enxertia, no entanto, não foram viáveis para a multiplicação desse híbrido. O segundo objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de telas de diferentes cores e condições de luminosidade sobre o desenvolvimento inicial de B. variegata e B. variegata var. candida. Plantas de B. variegata e de B. variegata var. candida apresentaram maior eficiência no uso de fotoassimilados quando foram cultivadas sob sol pleno, sendo essa a condição mais adequada para a formação de mudas dessas espécies
Bauhinia species have been much cultivated in gardens, parks and streets. As Bauhinia x blakeana (Bauhinia purpurea x Bauhinia variegata) does not produce seeds, it must be vegetatively propagated. The first objective of this work was to verify the viability of the cutting and grafting methods on the propagation of this hybrid. Semi-woody cuttings were collected in the four seasons and submitted to different IBA concentrations. For the grafting experiment, B. variegata and B. variegata var. candida plants were used as rootstocks and the splice-graft and T-budding methods were tested. The results indicated that B. x blakeana can be propagated by semi-woody cuttings collected in spring, without an IBA application; in summer, among the tested concentrations, the application of 3,000 mg L-1 of IBA is recommended. Both the splice graft and T-budding methods were not efficient for the propagation of this hybrid. The second objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of different color shade nets and light conditions on the initial development of B. variegata and B. variegata var. candida seedlings. B. variegata and B. variegata var. candida plants showed more efficiency in the use of their photo-assimilated compounds when they were cultivated under full sun, which is the most suitable condition for the seedling production of these species
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Mazzini, Renata Bachin. "Propagação vegetativa e produção de mudas de Bauhinia spp. /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105169.

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Orientador: Kathia Fernandes Lopes Pivetta
Banca: Fábio Alessandro Padilha Viana
Banca: Claudia Fabrino Machado Mattiuz
Banca: Marcelo Vieira Ferraz
Banca: Sergio Valiengo Valeri
Resumo: Espécies de Bauhinia têm sido muito cultivadas em jardins, parques e ruas. Como Bauhinia x blakeana (Bauhinia purpurea x Bauhinia variegata) não produz sementes, é essencial que seja multiplicado vegetativamente. O primeiro objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a viabilidade da estaquia e da enxertia na propagação desse híbrido. Estacas semilenhosas foram coletadas nas quatro estações do ano e tratadas com diferentes concentrações de AIB. Para a enxertia, mudas de B. variegata e B. variegata var. candida foram usadas como porta-enxerto e os métodos de garfagem tipo inglês simples e borbulhia tipo "T" invertido foram testados. Os resultados desses experimentos indicaram que B. x blakeana pode ser multiplicado por estacas semilenhosas coletadas na primavera, sem o uso do fitorregulador AIB; no verão, dentre as concentrações avaliadas, recomenda-se a aplicação de 3.000 mg L-1 de AIB. Os métodos de enxertia, no entanto, não foram viáveis para a multiplicação desse híbrido. O segundo objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de telas de diferentes cores e condições de luminosidade sobre o desenvolvimento inicial de B. variegata e B. variegata var. candida. Plantas de B. variegata e de B. variegata var. candida apresentaram maior eficiência no uso de fotoassimilados quando foram cultivadas sob sol pleno, sendo essa a condição mais adequada para a formação de mudas dessas espécies
Abstract: Bauhinia species have been much cultivated in gardens, parks and streets. As Bauhinia x blakeana (Bauhinia purpurea x Bauhinia variegata) does not produce seeds, it must be vegetatively propagated. The first objective of this work was to verify the viability of the cutting and grafting methods on the propagation of this hybrid. Semi-woody cuttings were collected in the four seasons and submitted to different IBA concentrations. For the grafting experiment, B. variegata and B. variegata var. candida plants were used as rootstocks and the splice-graft and T-budding methods were tested. The results indicated that B. x blakeana can be propagated by semi-woody cuttings collected in spring, without an IBA application; in summer, among the tested concentrations, the application of 3,000 mg L-1 of IBA is recommended. Both the splice graft and T-budding methods were not efficient for the propagation of this hybrid. The second objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of different color shade nets and light conditions on the initial development of B. variegata and B. variegata var. candida seedlings. B. variegata and B. variegata var. candida plants showed more efficiency in the use of their photo-assimilated compounds when they were cultivated under full sun, which is the most suitable condition for the seedling production of these species
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Sanches, Rodrigo Fazani Esteves. "Relações hídricas e respostas ao déficit hídrico da espécie Bauhinia forficata Link: mecanismos de manutenção do status hídrico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11144/tde-14092012-095136/.

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O déficit hídrico decorrente da seca se estabelece quando a absorção de água pelas raízes não consegue atender as demandas da planta, entre as quais estão a fotossíntese e transpiração, essenciais ao crescimento vegetal. Para avaliar a influência de déficits hídricos de diferentes intensidades nas relações hídricas, trocas gasosas, crescimento e acúmulo de carboidratos de Bauhinia forficata Link, plantas foram cultivadas em casa de vegetação durante três meses em vasos de 20 L e submetidas aos seguintes regimes: regas diária (controle) e regas a cada 7 (7D) e 15 dias (15D) retornando as regas diárias nos regimes 7D e 15D aos 75 dias de experimento. Em intervalos quinzenais (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 dias) foram avaliados a umidade do solo (Usolo), potencial hídrico foliar (wf), a fotossíntese em resposta a radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (AxPAR) para obtenção da assimilação liquida máxima (Amax) e do ponto de saturação luminoso (PARsat), área foliar total (AFT) e massas secas (MS) de folhas (MSf), caules (MSc) e raízes (MSr). Foi também coletado material vegetal para as análises bioquímicas quantitativas dos teores de açúcares solúveis totais (AST), redutores (AR), amido (S) e prolina (Pro) por métodos colorimétricos e qualitativos da composição de carboidratos solúveis neutros por HPAEC/PAD e análise de açúcares alcoóis por GC/MS. O déficit hídrico afetou as relações hídricas, fotossíntese e crescimento das plantas, sendo que os menores valores de Usolo observados nos tratamentos 7D e 15D respectivamente, coincidiram com os menores wf, Amax e acúmulo de MS. Alterações nos PARsat em resposta ao déficit hídrico foram observadas apresentando valores médios de 665, 275 e 254 mol fótons m-2 s-1 no Controle, 7D e 15D respectivamente. O retorno das regas diárias após 75 dias de experimento, promoveu a recuperação de Amax (7,8 e 9,6 mol CO2 m-2 s-1) e dos PARsat (588 e 643 mol fótons m-2 s-1) das plantas 7D e 15D respectivamente aos 90 dias, com valores maiores daqueles observados nas plantas controle (4,7 mol CO2 m-2 s-1 e 631 mol fótons m- 2 s-1), sugerindo forte dependência da fotossíntese de B. forficata à disponibilidade hídrica no solo. Os baixos teores de amido em folhas nos tratamentos 7D e 15D podem explicar a manutenção dos teores de AST semelhante ao controle, bem como, o aumento dos ASTs após o retorno das regas diárias, os quais poderiam ser prontamente utilizados na osmorregulação e concomitante retomada do crescimento das plantas. A alta detecção de mio-inositol nas análises de HPAEC/PAD sugerem que os açúcares alcoóis podem constituir grande parte dos ASTs não redutores em folhas e raízes de B. forficata. Nas raízes, os aumentos na concentração de glicerol, galactinol e galactosilglicerol detectados por GC/MS seguem o gradiente de disponibilidade hídrica dos tratamentos, indicando uma função osmorreguladora destes açúcares em B. forficata.
The water deficit caused by drought occurs when root water uptake cannot attend plant demands to maintain photosynthesis and transpiration, two essential processes for plant growth. Aiming to evaluate the influence of water deficits of different intensities on water relations, gas exchange, growth, and carbohydrate accumulation, potted plants of Bauhinia forficata Link were grown under greenhouse conditions during three months and submitted to the following water regimes: daily irrigated (control) and irrigated every 7 (7D) or 15 days (15D), recovering the daily irrigations after 75 days of the beginning of the experiment. At fortnightly intervals (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 days) we evaluated soil moisture (Usolo), leaf water potential (wf), photosynthesis in response to photosynthetically active radiation (AxPAR) to obtain the maximum net assimilation (Amax) and light saturation point (PARsat), total leaf area (AFT) and dry mass (MS) of leaves (MSf), stems (MSc) and roots (MSr). Leaves and roots were also sampled for analyses of total soluble sugars (AST), reducing sugars (AR), starch (S), and free proline (Pro) by colorimetric methods. The analyses of the soluble sugar composition were carried out by HPAEC/PAD and GC/MS. The imposed water stress affected the water relations, photosynthesis, and plant growth. Decreases in Usolo values observed in the treatments 7D and 15D, respectively, coincided with the lowest wf, Amax and accumulation of MS. Changes in PARsat in response to water deficit showed mean values of 665, 275, and 254 mol photons m-2 s-1 in control, 7D, and 15D, respectively. The re-watering after 75 days led to the recovery of Amax (7.8 and 9.6 mol CO2 m-2 s-1) and PARsat (588 and 643 mol photons m-2 s-1) of plants 7D and 15D, respectively, at 90 days, with higher values than those observed in the control plants (4.7 mol CO2 m-2 s-1 e 631 mol photons m-2 s-1), suggesting a strong dependence of the photosynthesis of B. forficata of the soil water availability. The low leaf starch contents in the 7D and 15D treatments could explain the maintenance of the concentration of AST similar to control, as well as the increase in AST contents after re-watering. These sugars could be promptly used for osmoregulation and concomitant re-start of plant growth. The presence of high amounts of of myo-inositol detected by HPAEC/PAD analysis suggests that sugar alcohols can constitute the major part of non-reducing ASTs in leaves and roots of B. forficata. In roots, increases in the contents of glycerol, galactinol, and galactoglycerol detected by GC/MS indicating that these sugars can play a role in the osmoregulation of B. forficata.
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Robbie, Francis Anne. "Studies into factors affecting fruit production in young apple trees." Thesis, University of Bath, 1989. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329559.

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Miranda, Ricardo Augusto Calheiros de. "Persistence of wetness in an apple orchard." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317993.

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Samuel, Örn. "Estimating Light Interception of Orchard Trees Using LiDAR and Solar Models." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-134125.

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In farming of fruit trees it is of interest to know the light interception of the trees. Therefore, in this project, a geometric model of the trees was derived using LiDAR data and this was combined with a sky model to estimate the light interceptionof orchard trees. The light interception was estimated by first synthesising a discrete model of the hemispherical sky, which holds a measure of global lightradiation in each node. The light interception of the trees was then estimated by ray tracing from the sky, applying a radiation absorption model where rays passed the point cloud representation of the trees. Comparing the interception model to measurements of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) underneath a tree, the qualitative agreement was high and the quantitative analysis showed a reasonable, albeit noisy, correspondence between the model output and the real world measurements. When comparing the estimations produced by the solar-geometry model and the tree volume (estimated also with LiDAR), a correspondence between the surface area of the tree and the interception was found. When comparing tree volume and light interception against actual yield numbers (total weight, average fruit weight and fruit count per tree), the observable trend was that light interception did better in predicting the average fruit size, while the volume did a better job of estimating the two others. The results were encouraging, however, because ground truth data were only available for 18 trees, future work will have to compare with a greater number of measurements over multiple growing seasons.
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Brym, Zachary T. "An Allometric Approach to Evaluate Physiological and Production Efficiencies in Tree Size for Tart Cherry and Apple Orchard Systems." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4970.

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Improving production efficiency is a major challenge for modern orchard systems. The primary response in horticulture is to develop high-density orchard systems that use dwarfing rootstocks and intense management strategies to maintain small tree size. As development and evaluation of novel orchard systems may help improve understanding of plant physiology for the development of high-density systems. The effect of tree size and architecture on physiological and production efficiency was evaluated for tart cherry (Prunus cerasus, P. mahaleb) and apple (Malus spp.) orchard systems using a physiologically driven modeling approach, called allometry. Branch dimensions, canopy dimensions and biomass were measured for 24-year-old tart cherry individuals and 10-year-old 'Golden Delicious' apple individuals on various rootstocks in experimental blocks at the Kaysville Research Farm in Davis Co., Utah. Tree size was related to annual fruit biomass that had been collected over the duration of the apple trial. Branch dimensions, canopy dimensions, yield, and fruit quality were collected in commercial tart cherry orchards of Utah Co. Tree size, architecture, and biomass of tart cherry and apple expressed strong allometric relationships that were broadly consistent among the two orchard tree species and the theoretical expectations derived from wild plants. The most consistent relationship was the trunk diameter (or trunk cross sectional area) - stem biomass relationship, which broadly followed the 8/3-power law. Branch and canopy dimensions that include a measure of length, such as branch length and canopy height, demonstrated architecture indicative of high water efficiency and metabolic activity that is relieved from biomechanical constrains of weight bearing. The apple rootstocks differed from each other in production efficiency with individuals that express smaller branch and canopy dimensions producing a higher proportion of fruit relative to tree size. In the commercial tart cherry orchards, smaller individuals with relatively higher canopy height and spread expressed higher yield and fruit quality. Overall, this research supported the continued development of training systems that maintain small trees to improve physiological and production efficiency. Further research must reconcile other consequences of intense management and overproduction that arise with the increased efficiency facilitated by small tree size and high-density orchard systems to maintain sustainable fruit production.
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Acebes, Angelita L. "Host plant effects on the biology, behavior and ecology of brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64910.

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Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a polyphagous, invasive, and highly significant pest of mid-Atlantic fruit orchards. Its capacity to invade orchards season-long is believed to be facilitated by the availability of wild host plants near orchards and the high dispersal capacity of adults and nymphs. Interactions between H. halys and its hosts were investigated via laboratory and field experiments. Rearing H. halys nymphs in the laboratory on several of its known wild and tree fruit hosts used alone and in combination showed that peach was much more suitable for nymphal development and survival than was apple, tree of heaven, or catalpa and that nymphal performance was enhanced on mixed host diets. Nymphs reared on different host plant diets yielded adults that differed in protein, sugar or lipid content, offering new insights into plant diet effects on H. halys nutrition. The majority of tree species identified from unmanaged woodlands next to apple orchards in Virginia and West Virginia were known hosts of H. halys. Passive trunk traps were developed to capture H. halys nymphs walking up and down tree trunks and used to measure their temporal patterns of movement onto and off of wild and tree fruit hosts at the orchard-woodland interface via weekly assessments during two consecutive seasons. More upward- than downward-walking nymphs were captured, which may be partially explained by the positively phototactic and negatively geotactic behavior of H. halys nymphs demonstrated in laboratory studies. Most nymphs captured while walking up and down trunks were second instars, although the data also reflected temporal changes in the distribution of instars and temporal variation in the numbers of nymphs captured. A field study to characterize injuries to apple and peach fruit at harvest from feeding by young or older nymphs early or late in the season revealed that feeding by young nymphs early in the season resulted in least injury to both crops. In combination, these studies greatly improve our understanding of the biology and ecology of H. halys in eastern fruit orchards and provide relevant data that will inform the development of ecologically-based management programs for it.
Ph. D.
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Santos, Cláudio Miguel Parrano dos. "Etiologia e epidemiologia associadas à mortalidade da amendoeira em pomares super-intensivos no Alentejo." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/23983.

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Neste trabalho foram analisadas jovens plantas de amendoeira das cultivares Lauranne Avijor e Soleta, com sintomas de doença e assintomáticas, situadas em dois locais da Região do Alentejo, em modo de exploração super-intensivo. Todas as árvores foram testadas em três órgãos vegetativos distintos, raízes, tronco e folhas, bem como os solos em que estavam plantas e a água utilizada na rega. Os fungos fitopatogénicos mais encontrados nas amostras de planta foram os pertencentes aos géneros Fusarium e Alternaria e ainda a espécie Macrophomina faseolina. Fungos do género Fusarium foram também encontrados tanto no solo como na água de rega, podendo dar uma indicação quanto à fonte de inóculo das plantas. Verificou-se ainda que as mesmas cultivares de planta, com a mesma proveniência, apresentam diferentes microbiomas de acordo com os locais onde estão instaladas e que estes podem contribuir decisivamente para a manifestação ou não de sintomas de doença;Abstract: Etiology and epidemiology causing mortality in super-intensive almond trees orchards in Alentejo region In this work, young almond plants of the cultivars Lauranne Avijor and Soleta with disease symptoms and asymptomatic, located in two Alentejo regions, under a super-intensive mode management, were analyzed for the presence of fungi. Three distinct vegetative organs, roots, trunk and leaves of trees, as well as the soils on which plants were installed and water used for irrigation were tested. The phytopathogenic fungi most found in the plant samples belonged to genera Fusarium and Alternaria and also to the species Macrophomina faseolina. Fusarium spp. were also found in both soil and irrigation water which may give an indication of the source of inoculum. It was also verified that the same plant cultivars, with the same provenance, present a different microbiome according to the places where they are installed which can contribute decisively for the manifestation of symptoms of disease.
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Svensson, Sven Axel. "Converging air jets in orchard spraying : influence on deposition, air velocities and forces on trees /." Alnarp : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-5818-8.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Orchid tree"

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Coffman, Virginia. The orchid tree. Leicester: Ulverscroft, 1987.

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Coffman, Virginia. The orchid tree. Leicester: Ulverscroft, 1987.

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Coffman, Virginia. The orchid tree. Leicester: Ulverscroft, 1987.

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Coffman, Virginia. The orchid tree. Thorndike, Me: Thorndike Press, 1987.

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The orchid tree. London: Severn House, 1985.

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Hubbell, Patricia. Every orchard tree. Minnetonka, Minn: NorthWord Books for Young Readers, 2008.

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United States. National Park Service. Pacific West Region and California. Department of Parks and Recreation. Archaeology, History and Museums Division, eds. Historic orchard and fruit tree stabilization handbook. Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2012.

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Stebbins, Robert L. Growing tree fruits and nuts in the home orchard. Corvallis, Or: Oregon State University Extension Service, 1991.

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Gloudon, Ancile. Orchids of Jamaica. Kingston, Jamaica: Press University of the West Indies, 1995.

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Stebbins, Robert L. Training and pruning your home orchard. [Corvallis, Or.]: Oregon State University Extension Service, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Orchid tree"

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Ferrara, G., M. Palasciano, A. Sarkhosh, F. Cossio, K. D. Babu, and A. Mazzeo. "Orchard establishment and tree management." In The pomegranate: botany, production and uses, 247–84. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789240764.0247.

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Long, Lynn E., Gregory A. Lang, and Clive Kaiser. "Orchard establishment and production." In Sweet cherries, 116–64. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786398284.0116.

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Abstract This chapter focuses on designing the orchard, site preparation, orchard structures, nursery tree source selection, successful pollination, planting and the use of plant growth regulators in cherry production.
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Bladen, Victoria. "The Sacred Orchard." In The Tree of Life and Arboreal Aesthetics in Early Modern Literature, 189–221. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003180043-7.

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Arikapudi, R., S. Vougioukas, and T. Saracoglu. "Orchard tree digitization for structural-geometrical modeling." In Precision agriculture '15, 329–36. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-814-8_40.

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Mitra, Sisir, and P. K. Pathak. "Orchard management." In Guava: botany, production and uses, 172–85. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247022.0008.

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Abstract Commercial production from a guava orchard begins on the third year after planting and cropping may continue for 40 years or more. The performance of an orchard depends on its management, which includes water and nutrient management, selection of the correct cultivars, planting technique, canopy management for flowering and fruiting, and improved light efficiency through pruning to optimize the quality of young and bearing trees. This chapter provides information on planting system, planting density, training and pruning, intercropping, and weed control in guava orchards.
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Long, Lynn E., Gregory A. Lang, and Clive Kaiser. "Planning a new cherry orchard." In Sweet cherries, 86–115. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786398284.0086.

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Abstract Growing fruit trees is a long term financial commitment and establishing an orchard is an expensive enterprise. Selecting the right orchard site is arguably the most important decision that a sweet cherry grower will make and it will affect all other managerial decisions related to the orchard. Choosing the wrong site can affect both fruit yield and quality, and ultimately the financial viability of the operation. On the other hand, choosing a good site will reduce expenses and increase profits. Properly evaluating a prospective orchard location, determining available resources and establishing the orchard takes careful planning. This chapter focuses on important factors in planning a new cherry orchard, including economics and site evaluation (climatic conditions, topography, soil characteristics, soil analysis, water availability and quality, access to key auxilliary facilities, and environmental impact).
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Blanke, Michael M. "CO2 Fluctuations and CO2 Fluxes in a Fruit Tree Orchard." In Impacts of Global Change on Tree Physiology and Forest Ecosystems, 173–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8949-9_23.

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Law, Brad, Peggy Eby, and Doug Somerville. "Tree-planting to conserve flying-foxes and reduce orchard damage." In Managing the Grey-headed Flying-fox, 84–90. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2002.041.

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Cunha, João, Pedro D. Gaspar, Eduardo Assunção, and Ricardo Mesquita. "Prediction of the Vigor and Health of Peach Tree Orchard." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2021, 541–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86970-0_38.

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Long, Lynn E., Gregory A. Lang, and Clive Kaiser. "Sweet cherry rootstocks." In Sweet cherries, 66–85. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786398284.0066.

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Abstract All commercial sweet cherry trees are either budded or grafted. This chapter deals with sweet cherry rootstocks. Rootstocks are used for several purposes: (i) ease for propagating and producing more trees of a superior cultivar; (ii) better adaptation to particular soil or site characteristics; and (iii) the potential improvement of production due to additional traits like precocious flowering, higher productivity, and greater or reduced scion vigor as appropriate. Unfortunately, no one rootstock can satisfy all the requirements for consistently producing high yields of large, firm fruit of premium quality. Growers are advised to consider carefully the effects of each specific scion-rootstock combination as a function of environmental and cultural practices when replanting an orchard. Selecting the proper rootstock depends not only on the management skills of the grower, but also on the scion cultivar, training system, and site climate and soil selected for the orchard. Dwarfing, semi-dwarfing and even semi-vigorous rootstocks have major economic advantages over full-size rootstocks. The development of these new, precocious rootstocks has been almost as significant to the sweet cherry industry as to the apple industry several decades ago. When compared to Mazzard, Colt and even Mahaleb, size-controlling rootstocks have allowed sweet cherry growers an opportunity to plant high density, pedestrian orchards that become profitable more quickly, are more readily protected with orchard covering systems, and promote greater labor efficiency, easier management, and a safer and more productive work environment.
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Conference papers on the topic "Orchid tree"

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Lai, Tzu-Yun, Chia-Pang Chen, Jen-Hao Liu, Jiing-Yi Wang, Cheng-Long Chuang, and Joe-Air Jiang. "A Novel Dynamic Convergecast Tree Generator for WSN-based Environmental Surveillance of Orchid Plantation." In 2012 IEEE 14th Int'l Conf. on High Performance Computing and Communication (HPCC) & 2012 IEEE 9th Int'l Conf. on Embedded Software and Systems (ICESS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hpcc.2012.238.

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Batco, Mihail, Victoria Sumencova, and Igor Iazlovetchii. "Aplicarea metilsalicilatului și a compușilor proteicoglucidici ca stimulatori a activității faunei utile în agrocenoza culturilor pomicole sâmburoase." In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.41.

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Wu, Chenxing, Haihui Zhang, Jiaming Zhang, Weipeng Tian, and Hao Cheng. "An Orchard Management Systemwith RFID-Based Apple Tree Identify Detection." In 2013 Fourth International Conference on Digital Manufacturing & Automation (ICDMA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdma.2013.42.

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Kunghun, Worawut, and Akapot Tantrapiwat. "Development of a Vision Based Mapping in Rubber Tree Orchard." In 2018 International Conference on Engineering, Applied Sciences, and Technology (ICEAST). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceast.2018.8434431.

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Georgiou, Ioannis T. "POD Analysis of the Impact Dynamics of the Olive Tree Branch: Nature’s Paradigm of a Complex Soft-Stiff Structural System in Biomechanics." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-72386.

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Geometry consistent spatio-temporal measurements of the experimental acceleration of olive tree branches were analyzed with advanced POD tools in an effort to gain knowledge on the mechanics-dynamics of this bio-mechanical structure. To pave the way for understanding the dynamics of this system, both the typical olive tree as a whole and its typical branch are approached as interacting soft-stiff continuum mechanical systems. The POD analysis reveals that the impact response is a nonlinear vibration with very fast dissipation. The POD modal amplitudes are nonlinear vibrations of continuous, broadband frequency spectrum. Initially they exhibit regular phases of nonlinear slow dissipation-and-amplification followed by irregular, fast dissipation-and-amplification phases. Sequentially applied impacts at the branch soft area results in a complete detachment of the fruit. The POD analysis reveals that this occurs because the response is highly localized in the soft area where the impact is applied and thus it transfers its momentum to the fruits. The work is supplemented with analysis of field measurements of the acceleration dynamics of orchard olive tree branches excited by harvesting devices generating combing clouds of impulsive forces aimed at detaching the olive fruit by momentum transfer.
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JASINSKAS, Algirdas, Egidijus ŠARAUSKIS, Asta GUTAUTAITĖ, and Jiří MAŠEK. "ASSESSMENT OF HERBAL PLANT BIOFUEL PELLET QUALITY INDICATORS." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.008.

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Variety of vegetable raw materials is used for energetic needs: logging and wood processing waste, agricultural production by-products: straws as well as specially cultivated trees, tall grass, rapeseeds, triticale and other herbaceous plants. In the performed scientific work, preparation and opportunities of use of energetic needs are estimated for non-conventional energy plants (elephant grass, orchard grass, common mugwort and fibrous nettle), technological parameters of processing these seeds and pressing into granules are explored, biometric and physic-mechanical properties of finished pellets are evaluated, and their resistance to impact forces is evaluate. Having examined humidity of pellets, it was found that maximum moisture content was in pellets of elephant grass and nettle – from 13.1 to 13.2%, while the smallest – in orchard grass pellets 10.0%. The largest density of non-conventional energetic pellet density was orchard – 983.8 kg m-3 DM (dry matter) and common mugwort – 926.7 kg m-3 DM, and density of elephant grass pellets was the lowest – 619.3 kg m-3 DM. Results on resistance to deformability of non-conventional energetic crops granules indicate that the highest resistance against external forces is a pellet made of common mugwort: they decompose to 110.03 N force. Pellets of other plants disintegrate to smaller external force: fibrous nettle granules – to 90.6 N, orchard – to 67.3 N force. Elephant grass pellets have the smallest resistance to deformation and decompose more quickly (at 20 N). The research results show that pellets made of elephant grass are of the lowest quality; due to this, it is not recommended to use these plants in the form of pellets.
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B. C. Heidman and U.A. Rosa. "Integration of Sensor Data and Orchard Layout Characteristics for Real Time Tree Detection." In 2005 Tampa, FL July 17-20, 2005. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.18846.

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Stavros George Vougioukas. "Estimation of fruit locations inside orchard tree canopies using radio signal ranging and trilateration." In 2013 Kansas City, Missouri, July 21 - July 24, 2013. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20131595170.

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"Correlation of individual tree nut yield, evapotranspiration, tree stem water potential, total soil salinity and chloride in a high production almond orchard." In 2014 ASABE Annual International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20141912431.

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Ayenew Melese Endalew, Pieter Verboven, Nico Hendrickx, Tim Goossens, David Nuyttens, and Donald Dekeyser. "An Integrated Approach to Investigate the Orchard Spraying Process: Towards a CFD Model Incorporating Tree Architecture." In 2010 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, June 20 - June 23, 2010. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.29783.

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