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Journal articles on the topic 'Orchid'
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1
Farokhah, Tria, Sri Utami, and Jumari Jumari. "Diversity and Abundance of Orchids at Gebugan Nature Reserve in Semarang, Indonesia." Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 10, no. 2 (August 29, 2018): 284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i2.14579.
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Orchid is a plant with a high aesthetic value.The existence of orchids directly by the community from their natural habitat, causing the existence of orchid in nature was threatened. The potential of orchid diversity in the Gebugan Nature Reserve area needs exploration to maintain its sustainability. This research would explore the diversity and abundance of orchid species and determined the environmental conditionof Gebugan Nature Reserve. The study was done on 2 stations with altitude difference are 900 m asl and 1045 m asl. Five plots of 10 m x 10 m were systematically constructed at each station with a distance of plots 50 meters. Species of orchids found in the Gebugan Nature Reserve were 12 species, including 11 species of epiphytic orchids and 1 species of terrestrial orchids. The abundance of individual orchid species was relatively higher in places with higher altitudes. Micropera sp was the most abundant orchid species and Corymborkis veratrifolia was the species of orchid with the lowest abundance. It is found that the environmental conditions of Gebugan Nature Reserve are suitable for orchid. The novelty of the research is providing a new data base of orchid in the Gebugan Nature Reserve. The result of the study would be beneficial for developing strategy of genetic conservation of orchird germplasm.
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Molnár V., Attila, Viktor Löki, Marc Verbeeck, and Kristóf Süveges. "Orchids of Azerbaijani Cemeteries." Plants 10, no. 12 (December 16, 2021): 2779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10122779.
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In order to explore their orchid flora, we performed surveys of 96 Azerbaijani burial places in 2018 and 2019. Altogether, 28 orchid taxa were found in 37 visited cemeteries. In the orchid diversity a remarkable pattern was observed: geographic latitude was significantly and positively related to the number of taxa and number of individuals. The most widespread and abundant orchids in Azerbaijani graveyards were Anacamptis pyramidalis and A. papilionacea (found in 23 and 8 cemeteries, respectively). Azerbaijani cemeteries can be important refuges for rare and threatened orchids, e.g., Himantoglossum formosum (three cemeteries), Ophrys sphegodes subsp. mammosa (eight), Orchis adenocheila (two), O. punctulata (three), O. stevenii (one) and Steveniella satyrioides (one). Epipactis turcica, detected in a single locality, was previously unknown to the flora of Azerbaijan. Additionally, we documented orchid tuber (salep) collection in two cemeteries.
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Liu, Hong, and Robert Pemberton. "Pollination of an invasive orchid, Cyrtopodium polyphyllum (Orchidaceae), by an invasive oil-collecting bee, Centris nitida, in southern Florida." Botany 88, no. 3 (March 2010): 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b10-017.
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The lack of appropriate pollinators is believed to be an impediment to naturalization of orchids. We studied the self-compatibility and pollination of an invasive, showy, rewardless, terrestrial orchid ( Cyrtopodium polyphyllum (Vell.) Pabst ex F. Barrios) in southern Florida. Pollination treatments indicated that the orchid is self-compatible but not autogamous. Visitor observations indicated that the orchid is pollinated by an invasive specialist oil-collecting bee ( Centris nitida Smith). The presence of the invasive Centris nitida has probably contributed to the naturalization of this probable oil reward mimicking orchid in Florida. We contrasted our results in the orchid’s invasive range with those reported in two studies in the orchid’s native range. In the invasive range in Florida, the orchid experiences a lower inbreeding depression. In both areas, the orchid is pollinated by Centris species and the pollination of the orchid is apparently enhanced by the presence of oil-rewarding species of the Malpighiaceae.
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Rewers, Monika, Iwona Jedrzejczyk, Agnieszka Rewicz, and Anna Jakubska-Busse. "Genome Size Diversity in Rare, Endangered, and Protected Orchids in Poland." Genes 12, no. 4 (April 13, 2021): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12040563.
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Orchidaceae is one of the largest and the most widespread plant families with many species threatened with extinction. However, only about 1.5% of orchids’ genome sizes have been known so far. The aim of this study was to estimate the genome size of 15 species and one infraspecific taxon of endangered and protected orchids growing wild in Poland to assess their variability and develop additional criterion useful in orchid species identification and characterization. Flow cytometric genome size estimation revealed that investigated orchid species possessed intermediate, large, and very large genomes. The smallest 2C DNA content possessed Liparis loeselii (14.15 pg), while the largest Cypripedium calceolus (82.10 pg). It was confirmed that the genome size is characteristic to the subfamily. Additionally, for four species Epipactis albensis, Ophrys insectifera, Orchis mascula, Orchis militaris and one infraspecific taxon, Epipactis purpurata f. chlorophylla the 2C DNA content has been estimated for the first time. Genome size estimation by flow cytometry proved to be a useful auxiliary method for quick orchid species identification and characterization.
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Sulistya Dewi, Endah Rita, Ary Susatyo Nugroho, and Maria Ulfa. "Menuju Desa Konservasi Aggrek di Desa Ngresep Balong, Limbangan Kendal." Journal of Dedicators Community 2, no. 2 (July 9, 2018): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.34001/jdc.v2i2.702.
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Forest Ungaran Mountain has a variety of plant diversity, one of which is a kind of forest orchids. Along with the wild hunting of Ungaran Mountain orchard and the change of function and clearing of forest land, then the popuasi and natural habitat for Ungaran Mountain Orchid species increasingly reduced. This makes the villagers of Ngesrep Balong feel worried about the species will disappear or extinct. To anticipate this, the villagers realized that the effort to conserve orchid of Ungaran Mountain needs to be done. The main problem is that villagers do not have enough skills to do conservation effort independently. Therefore it is very necessary to do counseling and training through this PPDM activity so that villagers gain knowledge and skills in conducting activities of conservation, cultivation until production of Ungaran Mountain Orchid independently. At Mount Ungaran Resort Limbangan Kendal District, found 12 species of orchids derived from 8 genera. Of the 12 species are 10 species of which are orchids epiphytes and two other types of terrestrial orchids. Looking at the potential, it can be concluded that Ngesrep Balong Village has potential to be used as Conservation Village of Orchid
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NGUYEN, Hoang Chinh, Kuan-Hung LIN, Meng-Yuan HUANG, Chi-Ming YANG, Tin-Han SHIH, Tung-Chuan HSIUNG, Yen-Chang LIN, and Fun-Chi TSAO. "Antioxidant Activities of the Methanol Extracts of Various Parts of Phalaenopsis Orchids with White, Yellow, and Purple Flowers." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 46, no. 2 (February 12, 2018): 457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha46211038.
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Phalaenopsis (Phal.) orchids including white, yellow, and purple flowers are some of the most important commercial orchids worldwide. These flowering plants can be considered to be promising sources of antioxidants since several medicinal orchids were shown to have potential antioxidant activities. The antioxidant activities and several secondary metabolite compounds of the methanolic extracts of four parts (the root, pedicel, leaf, and flower) of three hybrids of white (Phal. ‘City More’), yellow (Phal. ‘Sogo Meili’), and purple (Phal. ‘Queen Beer’) flowering orchids were investigated. Results showed that the highest levels of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were respectively obtained in leaf extracts of white and purple orchids, whereas carotenoid showed the highest content in the flower extract of the yellow orchid. Among all tested extracts, flavonoids and anthocyanin demonstrated the highest levels in the flower extract of the purple orchid, whereas the highest level of polyphenols was observed in the flower extract of the yellow orchid. The leaf extract of the white orchid was the most effective extract with a 50% inhibitory concentration in the DPPH-scavenging activity assay, while the highest ferrous iron-chelating effect was observed in flower extracts of the yellow orchid and purple orchid, and the pedicel extract of the purple orchid. In the reducing power assay, the flower extract of the white orchid showed the most potent extract, followed by the leaf extract of the yellow orchid and the flower extract of the purple orchid. Relationships between flower colors and antioxidant activities of these orchids showed them to be potential sources of antioxidants for both medicinal use and stress-tolerance in these orchids.
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Ray, Haleigh, and Wagner Vendrame. "Orchid Pollination Biology." EDIS 2015, no. 6 (September 1, 2015): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-ep521-2015.
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Orchids and their pollinators have developed fascinating co-adaptations that promote orchid pollination. This 6-page fact sheet details the various and often strange ways that orchids attract pollinators. The kinds of insects and animals that pollinate orchids and orchids’ reproductive anatomies and processes are also covered. Written by Haleigh Ray and Wagner Vendrame, and published by the UF Department of Environmental Horticulture, June 2015.
ENH1260/EP521: Orchid Pollination Biology (ufl.edu)
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Lalla, Milawati, and I. Made Sudiarta. "Pengembangan Tanaman Anggrek di Kawasan Wisata Hutan Pinus Motilango Kecamatan Tibawa Kabupaten Gorontalo." Jumat Pertanian: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 3, no. 2 (August 19, 2022): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32764/abdimasper.v3i2.2372.
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Orchid is one type of ornamental flower plant that has many types spread throughout the world, including Indonesia. The original habitat of orchids is forests or areas that have high humidity, rich in organic matter. Reduction of forest area makes several types of orchids threatened with extinction so that efforts are needed for conservation and protection. Motilango pine forest tourism found several types of orchids, but the surrounding community did not know the prospect of orchid plants if they were developed properly. The purpose of the activity is to educate the local community and tourism managers to cultivate orchids to become a source of family income. The method used is discourse method and discussion. Participants consist of communities around the area, village officials and pine forest tourism managers. The material presented consisted of an introduction to the characteristics of orchids, prospects, methods of propagation and cultivation of orchids. The result of the activity is that there is an increase in participant knowledge about orchid plants. There are two types of orchids that are commonly found in the tourist area of Motilango pine, namely the dove orchid (Dendrobium crumenatum) and the ground orchid (Spathoglottis plicata) which are easily propagated by separating seedlings. Orchid growing media that is widely available in the area is coconut husk.
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PUSPITANINGTYAS, DWI MURTI. "Orchid exploration in Mount Bintan Besar Protected Forest, Bintan Island, Riau Islands Province, Sumatra, Indonesia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 1081–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190341.
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Puspitaningtyas DM. 2018. Orchid exploration in Mount Bintan Besar Protected Forest, Bintan Island, Riau IslandsProvince, Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1081-1088. Sumatra is one of the main islands in Indonesia. The biodiversity is higherthan Java, but still below compare to Borneo and New Guinea. About 1,118 species of orchids are found growing in Sumatra, which41% of these are endemic to Sumatra. The exploration activities were conducted at Gunung Bintan Besar Protected Forest, Bintanisland-Sumatra. Orchid exploration was conducted in this area to collect living plants for ex situ conservation purpose. Orchid inventoryto record orchid diversity in this area, based on plant collection by purposive random sampling. The results of the study recordedapproximately 23 orchid collection numbers found in that area. These were representative of 15 genera and consist of 14 species ofepiphyte orchids and 9 species of terrestrial orchids. Most orchids found in this area are lowland orchid which are very common inSumatra. Dendrobium metachilinum Rchb.f., Dendrobium leonis (Lindl.) Rchb.f. and Plocoglottis lowii Rchb.f. are unique orchidsspecies found on this island.
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Gaman, Gasper, Nouke Lenda Mawikere, and Barahima Abbas. "Perbanyakan Beberapa Jenis Anggrek Melalui Teknik Kultur Jaringan dan Analisis Keanekaragaman Genetik Berdasarkan Penanda RAPD." Cassowary 1, no. 2 (July 5, 2018): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30862/casssowary.cs.v1.i2.16.
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Papua is the habitat of a variety of orchids and several of orchid species are endemic in Papua. Diversity of orchid species in Papua is a natural resource which needs special attention in conservation efforts and cultivation. The aimes of this research were determined the suitable medium for in vitro propagation technique of several orchid species which endemic in Papua and determine the genetic diversity of five orchids species using RAPD markers. The research was carried out by cultivation of five edemism orchid species on MS medium which enriched 0 to 40% coconut water. Genetic diversities of five orchid species were determined by using RAPD markers. Results of research showed that overall of orchid were cultured can grow to planlet formation. The suitable medium for growing orchids based on this experiment was Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium that enriched with 40% coconut water. Molecular analysis using RAPD markers showed that the five species of Papua orchid were tested different from another. UPGMA grouping based on the polymorphic bands show that the five species of orchid studied were devided into three groups on the coefficient of 0.4 or 40% their genomic different.
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Wijarini, Fitri, Muhammad Abrar Putra Siregar, Aidil Adhani, Nur Elisia, Susi Yantika Siahaan, and Jamardi Sinaga. "Diversity and Habitat Preferences of Orchids in Tarakan Forest." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1083, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1083/1/012062.
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Abstract Orchids is one of biggest biodiversity in Borneo. The presence of orchid in nature also indicate the stabile ecosystem. But, because the potential of orchids as the ornamental plant, the exsistinct of them is threatened. So, the aim of this study is to analyse the species diversity indext and habitat preferences of orchid in Tarakan forest. the method of this study was a survey by exploring the forest of Tarakan Orchid Garden area. The environmental parameters of each recorded orchid is measured, they are light instensity, altitude, temperature, and humidity. The orchid species that have been identified are then searched for the value of the important index of species diversity using Shannon-Winner equation. The study revealed that there were 6 species of orchids (Cattleya luteola, Catasetum sp., Bulbophylum phaleoanopsis, Bromheadia sp., Bromheadia finlaysoniana, Dendrobium anosmum) in research location. The biodiversity indext for 6 orchid was in low category with average value 0.1998. Researcher recorded that there were two types of habitat preferences of orchid in research area, namely epiphytic and terrestrial. The balance of all environmental parameters that measured are strongly affected the orchid diversity and growth.
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Calevo, Jacopo, Samuele Voyron, Enrico Ercole, and Mariangela Girlanda. "Is the Distribution of Two Rare Orchis Sister Species Limited by Their Main Mycobiont?" Diversity 12, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12070262.
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As orchids rely on their mycorrhizal fungi for nutrient supply, their spatial range is dependent on the distribution of orchid mycorrhizal (OM) fungi. We addressed possible correlations between mycorrhizal specificity and the geographic distribution of orchids and OM fungi in three populations of the rare sister species Orchis patens and O. canariensis. Metabarcoding of the fungal ITS2 region indicated that, although adult plants of either species were colonized by several ceratobasidioid, tulasnelloid, sebacinoid and serendipitoid fungi, the mycobiont spectra were dominated by Tulasnella helicospora (which occurred in 100% of examined plants with high read numbers), which is a globally distributed fungus. In vitro assays with a T. helicospora isolate obtained from O. patens indicated the effectiveness of this OM fungus at germinating seeds of its native host. At a local scale, higher read numbers for T. helicospora were found in soil samples collected underneath O. patens roots than at locations unoccupied by the orchid. Although these findings suggest that the geographical pattern of the main fungal symbiont does not limit the distribution of O. patens and O. canariensis at this scale, the actual causal link between orchid and OM fungal occurrence/abundance still needs to be better understood.
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Rai, Alisa, Udhab R. Khadka, Dil K. Limbu, and Lokesh R. Shakya. "Orchid Distribution along the Elevation Gradient in Panchase Forest Conservation Area of Gandaki Province, Nepal." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 7, no. 03 (November 25, 2021): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v7i03.3.
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The vegetation composition and elevation play a key role in the distribution of plants. Among the flowering plants, orchids are widely distributed beautiful flowers having ornamental and medicinal values. The Panchase Forest Conservation Area is one of the hot spots for the orchids, a threatened group of the flowering plants. The preceding studies on orchids seem usually focused on documentation of the orchid species and their medicinal values showing no works on orchid species distribution along the elevation gradient and aspects. Therefore, this research was concentrated on assessing orchid distribution along the elevation in the forest of the Middle-mountain. The study was conducted in former Chapakot and Bhadaure-Tamagi Village Development Committees that lie in Pokhara Metropolitan City-23 and Annapurna Rural Municipality-4, Kaski District. Chapakot represents south-west (SW) aspect and Bhadaure-Tamagi represents north-west (NW) aspect. For this study, the belt-transect method with 20 m x 20 m quadrat size at an interval of 100 m elevation was used for assessing the orchid richness along elevation and aspects. Altogether, 61 orchid species, with Eria, Dendrobium, Cymbidium and Bulbophyllum as the most common genera, were found. Among the orchid species, Dendrobium gibsonii was not reported in earlier studies from Panchase area. The orchid richness varied along the elevation and aspect. The SW aspect showed fluctuation in orchid richness, whereas the NW aspect showed humped shaped pattern. Further detailed studies on factors causing distribution of orchids and their relationship with host species need to be conducted for the conservation of orchids in the Panchase Forest Conservation Area.
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Beczała, Tomasz, Damian Chmura, and Tomasz Jonderko. "A new locality of orchid Orchis purpurea Huds. in Cieszyn Foothills (Czech Republic)." Acta Musei Silesiae, Scientiae Naturales 65, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cszma-2016-0006.
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Abstract Orchis purpurea Huds. is protected species both in the Czech Republic and Poland. In 2014 a new locality was found in Kojkovice (district Třinec) in the Cieszyn Foothils near border with Poland. The only one blooming individual was observed in 2014 and 2015 but it was accompanied by other 6 orchid species, that were much more abundant, as: Orchis pallens, Orchis mascula subsp. signifera, Listera ovata, Platanthera bifolia, Cephalanthera damasonium, Neottia nidus-avis. The Kojkovice forest deserves to be protected area due to abundant occurrence of many orchids.
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Gunawan, Ridwan. "JENIS-JENIS ANGGREK (Orchidaceae) DI TAMAN WISATA ALAM GUNUNG TAMPOMAS." Wanamukti: Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan 22, no. 1 (November 10, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/wanamukti.v22i1.326.
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The existence of orchid species in Gunung Tampomas Natural Tourism Park is still not widely known. The existence of orchids many endangered by both natural decay and excessive exploitation of orchids. Communities in Gunung Tampomas Natural Tourism Park had very little information about the beauty and benefits in particular, because of the lack of information regarding the species of orchids in the Gunung Tampomas Natural Tourism Park. The object of research is inventaritation of orchid species to conservation of orchid species in Gunung Tampomas Natural Tourism Park. The method of the research used by Exploration with determination cruise lines based LMU (Land Mapping Units). The result of orchid species are 11 species of epiphytes which has been identified as many as 10 species; one species is identified only to genus and 2 species of terrestrial orchid.
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Riandinata, Selamet Kurniawan, Athifah Athifah, and Muh Ramdhan Sofyan Syafii. "Inventarisasi Keanekaragaman Anggrek (Orchidaceae) di Kecamatan Polinggona Kabupaten Kolaka." Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/bioscientist.v10i1.5003.
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Orchid is type of flowering plant that has economic value because most of them have beautiful and attractive flowers. The existence species of orchids in nature is increasingly threatened due to the high activity of land conversion and hunting for the orchids themselves. The purpose of this study was determine the diversity of orchids spesies in Polinggona, Kolaka district Southeast Sulawesi. The research used an explorative and interview method. Based on the observations, there were 31 species of epiphytic orchids, 5 species of terrestrial orchids, one semi-terrestrial orchid and there are 6 species of orchids is unidentified.The results of vertical distribution on the host tree, the epiphytic orchids found growing in all zones were Pomatocalpa spicata and Dendrobium ephemerum and mostly the epiphytic orchids in the observation site grew in zone III, specifically at the base of branching of its host tree.Terrestrial orchid type Arundina graminifolia has the most limited distribution compared to other terrestrial orchid species. The types of terrestrial and semi-terrestrial orchids that were found were all close to the river flow.
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Tsai, Wen-Chieh, and Hong-Hwa Chen. "The Orchid MADS-Box Genes Controlling Floral Morphogenesis." Scientific World JOURNAL 6 (2006): 1933–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2006.321.
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Orchids are known for both their floral diversity and ecological strategies. The versatility and specialization in orchid floral morphology, structure, and physiological properties have fascinated botanists for centuries. In floral studies, MADS-box genes contributing to the now famous ABCDE model of floral organ identity control have dominated conceptual thinking. The sophisticated orchid floral organization offers an opportunity to discover new variant genes and different levels of complexity to the ABCDE model. Recently, several remarkable research studies done on orchid MADS-box genes have revealed the important roles on orchid floral development. Knowledge about MADS-box genes' encoding ABCDE functions in orchids will give insights into the highly evolved floral morphogenetic networks of orchids.
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Evans, Alexandra, Sam Janssens, and Hans Jacquemyn. "Impact of Climate Change on the Distribution of Four Closely Related Orchis (Orchidaceae) Species." Diversity 12, no. 8 (August 13, 2020): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12080312.
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Long-term monitoring programs and population demographic models have shown that the population dynamics of orchids are to a large extent dependent on prevailing weather conditions, suggesting that the changes in climatic conditions can have far reaching effects on the population dynamics and hence the distribution of orchids. Although a better understanding of the effects of climate change on the distribution of plants has become increasingly important during the final years, only a few studies have investigated the effects of changing temperature and precipitation on the distribution of orchids. In this study, we investigated the impact of climate change on the distribution of four terrestrial orchid species (Orchis anthropophora, Orchis militaris, Orchis purpurea and Orchis simia). Using bioclimatic data for current and future climate scenarios, habitat suitability, range shifts and the impact of different abiotic factors on the range of each species were modelled using Maxent. The results revealed an increase in suitable habitat area for O. anthropophora, O. purpurea and O. simia under each RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) scenario, while a decrease was observed for O. militaris. Furthermore, all four of the orchids showed a shift to higher latitudes under the three RCPs leading to a significant range extension under mild climate change. Under severe climate change, a significant decline in the distribution area at the warm edge of their distributions was observed. Overall, these results show that mild climate change may be beneficial for the studied orchid species and lead to range expansion. However, continued warming may yet prove detrimental, as all species also showed pronounced declines at lower latitudes when temperature increases were larger than 4 °C.
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Saputra, Reza, Djefry Tibalia, Fajar Darwis, and Akbar Sumirto. "Keanekaragaman Anggrek (Orchidaceae) di Taman Wisata Alam Sorong, Kota Sorong, Papua Barat." JURNAL BIOLOGI PAPUA 10, no. 2 (December 24, 2018): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/jbp.492.
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Orchid diversity studies have been conducted at the Sorong Nature Park, Sorong City, West Papua. There are 84 collection numbers consisting of 69 epiphytic orchids, 14 terrestrial orchids, and 1 holomycotrophic orchid. This number belongs to 34 genera and 84 species, which are native species with at least 36 endemic species. Dendrobium, Bulbophyllum, and Taeniophyllum are the three genera with the highest numbers of species. Key words: Orchid, Diversity, Sorong National Park, West Papua.
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Roos, Peter H. "Interaction of milkweed butterflies with egret and jewel orchids: observations on pollinaria attachment to danaid butterflies on east Sulawesi (Indonesia) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Danainae; Orchidoideae: Habenarinae and Goodyerinae)." Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 162, no. 1 (November 23, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119434-20192082.
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Species of the butterfly subfamily Danainae visit orchids, resulting in pollinaria being attached to their heads. In several habitats in east Sulawesi a remarkable percentage of Danainae specimens was observed with orchid pollinaria preferentially attached to their eyes. Among the 13 observed native Danainae species, seven carried pollinaria. Pollinaria attachment appears to be selective for Danainae as hundreds of specimens from other butterfly families were negative. Selectivity also concerns the orchid species, as attached pollinaria could be assigned to a Habenaria orchid and in one case only to an Anoectochilus. Efficient pollinaria attachment requires compatible morphological characters of butterfly and orchid. In this respect, the observed high pollinaria load of single butterflies is also important. Comparable investigations in southeast Sulawesi did not reveal danaid–orchid interactions. Further studies are required to prove orchid pollination by Danainae and to clarify the mechanism by which these butterflies are attracted to the orchids.
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Tsulsiyah, Binti, Thoyibatul Farida, Cahya Lembayung Sutra, and Endang Semiarti. "Important Role of Mycorrhiza for Seed Germination and Growth of Dendrobium Orchids." Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology 6, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 60805. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.60805.
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Indonesia is a tropical country that has natural forests and is suitable for orchid species habitat, leading to more than 5,000 species of orchids grow. The tropical area is the main distribution centre for epiphytic orchids, one of which is Dendrobium, which grows more than 1,000 species throughout the world. Orchid seeds are very small and do not have an endosperm, making germination difficult in their natural habitat. Mycorrhizal association with orchids plays a role in the survival of orchids in nature through seed germination and growth. This study aims to provide a deeper understanding about the important role of mycorrhiza in seed germination and growth of Dendrobium. The mechanism of mycorrhizal association with orchids begins with the initial contact of the fungus with the orchid, hyphae enter the cortex cells to form peloton, peloton lysis, and exchange of nutrients occurs. Orchid mycorrhiza that mostly found groups in Dendrobium are Rhizoctonia (Epulorhiza, Tulasnella, Rhizoctonia). Mycorrhiza plays a role in increased secretion of phytohormone and enzyme activity which supports seed germination and growth of orchids. Specific mycorrhizal data on orchids can be used as an effort for in-situ and ex-situ conservation of Indonesian orchids, including Dendrobium.
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Yulia, Nina Dwi. "Evaluasi Flowering Time Bunga Anggrek (Koleksi Kebun Raya Purwodadi)." Berkala Penelitian Hayati 14, no. 2 (June 30, 2009): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.23869/bphjbr.14.2.200911.
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The orchid collection of Purwodadi Botanic Garden is one of unique and attractive collection. The exotica of orchid flower were appeared from compacting of shape, color and size flower. The orchids have a different of flowering period of orchid flowering. This observation aimed to do data flowering time of orchid collection Purwodadi Botanic Garden which be done during 2007–2008. The data of evaluation include orchid species which flowering, flowering time and be complicated which open up of flower duration. The Paphiopedilum glaucophyllum is one of orchid which have flowering time long of years. The flowering time of orchid species could be found in July.
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Brundrett, Mark C. "Scientific approaches to Australian temperate terrestrial orchid conservation." Australian Journal of Botany 55, no. 3 (2007): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt06131.
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This review summarises scientific knowledge concerning the mycorrhizal associations, pollination, demographics, genetics and evolution of Australian terrestrial orchids relevant to conservation. The orchid family is highly diverse in Western Australia (WA), with over 400 recognised taxa of which 76 are Declared Rare or Priority Flora. Major threats to rare orchids in WA include habitat loss, salinity, feral animals and drought. These threats require science-based recovery actions resulting from collaborations between universities, government agencies and community groups. Fungal identification by DNA-based methods in combination with compatibility testing by germination assays has revealed a complex picture of orchid–fungus diversity and specificity. The majority of rare and common WA orchids studied have highly specific mycorrhizal associations with fungi in the Rhizoctonia alliance, but some associate with a wider diversity of fungi. These fungi may be a key factor influencing the distribution of orchids and their presence can be tested by orchid seed bait bioassays. These bioassays show that mycorrhizal fungi are concentrated in coarse organic matter that may be depleted in some habitats (e.g. by frequent fire). Mycorrhizal fungi also allow efficient propagation of terrestrial orchids for reintroduction into natural habitats and for bioassays to test habitat quality. Four categories of WA orchids are defined by the following pollination strategies: (i) nectar-producing flowers with diverse pollinators, (ii) non-rewarding flowers that mimic other plants, (iii) winter-flowering orchids that attract fungus-feeding insects and (iv) sexually deceptive orchids with relatively specific pollinators. An exceptionally high proportion of WA orchids have specific insect pollinators. Bioassays testing orchid-pollinator specificity can define habitats and separate closely related species. Other research has revealed the chemical basis for insect attraction to orchids and the ecological consequences of deceptive pollination. Genetic studies have revealed that the structure of orchid populations is influenced by pollination, seed dispersal, reproductive isolation and hybridisation. Long-term demographic studies determine the viability of orchid populations, estimate rates of transition between seedling, flowering, non-flowering and dormant states and reveal factors, such as grazing and competition, that result in declining populations. It is difficult to define potential new habitats for rare orchids because of their specific relationships with fungi and insects. An understanding of all three dimensions of orchid habitat requirements can be provided by bioassays with seed baits for fungi, flowers for insects and transplanted seedlings for orchid demography. The majority of both rare and common WA orchids have highly specific associations with pollinating insects and mycorrhizal fungi, suggesting that evolution has favoured increasing specificity in these relationships in the ancient landscapes of WA.
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Jacquemyn, Hans, Rein Brys, and Olivier Honnay. "Large population sizes mitigate negative effects of variable weather conditions on fruit set in two spring woodland orchids." Biology Letters 5, no. 4 (May 20, 2009): 495–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0262.
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Global circulation models predict increased climatic variability, which could increase variability in demographic rates and affect long-term population viability. In animal-pollinated species, pollination services, and thus fruit and seed set, may be highly variable among years and sites, and depend on both local environmental conditions and climatic variables. Orchid species may be particularly vulnerable to disruption of their pollination services, as most species depend on pollinators for successful fruit set and because seed germination and seedling recruitment are to some extent dependent on the amount of fruits and seeds produced. Better insights into the factors determining fruit and seed set are therefore indispensable for a better understanding of population dynamics and viability of orchid populations under changing climatic conditions. However, very few studies have investigated spatio-temporal variation in fruit set in orchids. Here, we quantified fruit production in eight populations of the orchid Orchis purpurea that does not reward pollinators and 13 populations of the rewarding Neottia ( Listera ) ovata during five consecutive years (2002–2006). Fruit production in large populations showed much higher stability than that in small populations and was less affected by extreme weather conditions. Our results highlight the potential vulnerability of small orchid populations to an increasingly variable climate through highly unpredictable fruit-set patterns.
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Prawira, Djodi Surya, Eka Yuliawati, and Erika Purba. "KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS ANGGREK (ORCHIDACEAE) DI AREA HUTAN BUKIT KUKUS, BANGKA BARAT." EKOTONIA: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi, Botani, Zoologi dan Mikrobiologi 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/ekotonia.v4i2.1785.
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Orchid is a group of flowering plants of the Orchidaceae family with a total of 700-800 genera and 25,000-35,000 species. Identification of orchids is a step to determine orchid species by comparing the morphological characteristics of each orchid found. This research was conducted in Bukit Kukus, Air Belo Village, Muntok Subdistrict, West Bangka Regency for four days, from March 9 to March 12, 2018 using exploration methods, including: a preliminary survey, data collection and herbarium making. The results showed that the number of orchids that were found was the conclusion that could be drawn from this exploration is in Bukit Kukus, Air Belo Village, Muntok District, West Bangka Regency, found 15 types of orchids, consisting of 7 genera, namely Agrostophyllum, Arachnis, Bulbophyllum, Coelogyne, Dendrobium, Nephelaphyllum and Poystachya with the most genera Bulbophyllum found, up to 5 species. The most common orchids are found in Zone I, where 12 of the 15 species can be found, while the most common type of orchid is epiphytic orchids with rock substrates.
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Valadares, Rafael B. S., Fabio Marroni, Fabiano Sillo, Renato R. M. Oliveira, Raffaella Balestrini, and Silvia Perotto. "A Transcriptomic Approach Provides Insights on the Mycorrhizal Symbiosis of the Mediterranean Orchid Limodorum abortivum in Nature." Plants 10, no. 2 (January 28, 2021): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020251.
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The study of orchid mycorrhizal interactions is particularly complex because of the peculiar life cycle of these plants and their diverse trophic strategies. Here, transcriptomics has been applied to investigate gene expression in the mycorrhizal roots of Limodorum abortivum, a terrestrial mixotrophic orchid that associates with ectomycorrhizal fungi in the genus Russula. Our results provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying plant–fungus interactions in adult orchids in nature and in particular into the plant responses to the mycorrhizal symbiont(s) in the roots of mixotrophic orchids. Our results indicate that amino acids may represent the main nitrogen source in mycorrhizal roots of L. abortivum, as already suggested for orchid protocorms and other orchid species. The upregulation, in mycorrhizal L. abortivum roots, of some symbiotic molecular marker genes identified in mycorrhizal roots from other orchids as well as in arbuscular mycorrhiza, may mirror a common core of plant genes involved in endomycorrhizal symbioses. Further efforts will be required to understand whether the specificities of orchid mycorrhiza depend on fine-tuned regulation of these common components, or whether specific additional genes are involved.
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Izzati, Fania Nur, Mahfut Mahfut, Eti Ernawiati, and Sri Wahyuningsih. "Variation of resistance response of orchids induced by Rhizoctonia against the infection of Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) based on percentage of disease development." Journal of Sustainability Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/josst.v1i1.3.
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Orchid is one of the largest groups of flowering plants that are in great demand by society. Besides, the various flowers with a long vase life, the price of orchids is also stable and affordable. Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium are the most popular types of orchids. To anticipate this, orchid cultivation needs to be improved. However, orchid cultivation is not always accompanied by the effort of disease prevention, particularly those caused by viruses. The virus that most infects orchids is the Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV). Symptoms that appear on the leaves are chlorosis, mosaic with a pattern of lines, circles, and necrotic rings/rings. Control of viral infections can utilize organisms that are able to induce resistance, namely mycorrhizae. Mycorrhizae will penetrate into the root cortex tissue and provide nutrients for the orchid. Mycorrhizae that are quite often found are Rhizoctonia and are applied by induction to orchids. Induction was undertaken by planting orchids in Rhizoctonia inoculum until anatomically a peloton structure (solid coils) was formed on the orchid roots. The aim of this study was to study the response of orchid plants in the form of percentage incidence and intensity of the disease and the level of plant resistance to ORSV infection in Phalaenopsis amabilis and Dendrobium discolour which had been induced by Rhizoctonia. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Botany, Biology, FMIPA, Universitas Lampung, using a factorial completely randomized design (CRD). Factor 1 was the type of orchid and factor 2 was mycorrhizal induction, virus inoculation, and a combination of both with 4 replications. The finding indicated that Phalaenopsis amabilis was more susceptible to ORSV infection than Dendrobium discolour based on a higher incidence and intensity of the disease. Mycorrhizal induction and virus inoculation (MAV) in Dendrobium discolour showed an increase of resistance response compared to Phalaenopsis amabilis.
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Veldman, Sarina, Seol-Jong Kim, Tinde van Andel, Maria Bello Font, Ruth Bone, Benny Bytebier, David Chuba, et al. "Trade in Zambian Edible Orchids—DNA Barcoding Reveals the Use of Unexpected Orchid Taxa for Chikanda." Genes 9, no. 12 (November 30, 2018): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes9120595.
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In Zambia, wild edible terrestrial orchids are used to produce a local delicacy called chikanda, which has become increasingly popular throughout the country. Commercialization puts orchid populations in Zambia and neighbouring countries at risk of overharvesting. Hitherto, no study has documented which orchid species are traded on local markets, as orchid tubers are difficult to identify morphologically. In this study, the core land-plant DNA barcoding markers rbcL and matK were used in combination with nrITS to determine which species were sold in Zambian markets. Eighty-two interviews were conducted to determine harvesting areas, as well as possible sustainability concerns. By using nrITS DNA barcoding, a total of 16 orchid species in six different genera could be identified. Both rbcL and matK proved suitable to identify the tubers up to the genus or family level. Disa robusta, Platycoryne crocea and Satyrium buchananii were identified most frequently and three previously undocumented species were encountered on the market. Few orchid species are currently listed on the global International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. Local orchid populations and endemic species could be at risk of overharvesting due to the intensive and indiscriminate harvesting of chikanda orchids, and we therefore encourage increased conservation assessment of terrestrial African orchids.
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Li, Yan, Bin Zhang, Yanwen Wang, Ximing Gong, and Hao Yu. "DOTFL1 affects the floral transition in orchid Dendrobium Chao Praya Smile." Plant Physiology 186, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 2021–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiab200.
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Abstract A major obstacle for orchid (Orchidaceae) breeding and production is a long juvenile phase before orchid reproductive development. The molecular basis for prolonged vegetative growth in orchids remains largely unclear despite many efforts to clarify the relevant mechanisms. In this study, we report functional characterization of Dendrobium Orchid TERMINAL FLOWER1 (DOTFL1), an ortholog of TFL1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), from the orchid Dendrobium Chao Praya Smile. DOTFL1 is highly expressed in pseudobulbs and the shoot apical meristem (SAM) before and during the floral transition, but is downregulated in inflorescence apices and open flowers. Ectopic expression of DOTFL1 rescues the early-flowering and terminal-flower phenotypes of tfl1-20 in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of DOTFL1 in Dendrobium orchids delays flowering and produces defective inflorescence meristems and flowers with vegetative traits, whereas knockdown of DOTFL1 accelerates flowering and perturbs the maintenance of the inflorescence meristem. Notably, DOTFL1 suppresses orchid flowering and associated pseudobulb formation during the floral transition. We further reveal that two orchid MADS-box transcription factors, Dendrobium Orchid SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (DOSOC1) and AGAMOUS-LIKE 24 (DOAGL24), could interact with each other and bind to the CArG-box motif at DOTFL1, implying a regulatory hierarchy similar to their counterparts in Arabidopsis. Taken together, our findings suggest that DOTFL1 promotes vegetative growth, modulates successive developmental events required for reproductive success in Dendrobium orchids, and may have evolved with a previously unknown role in controlling pseudobulb formation in the Orchidaceae family.
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Assédé, Eméline Sêssi Pélagie, Chabi Adéyèmi Marc Sylvestre Djagoun, Akomian Fortuné Azihou, Meryas Dègbémabou Kouton, Yannick Senakpon Caleb Gogan, Coert Johannes Geldenhuys, Paxie Wanangwa Chirwa, and Brice Augustin Sinsin. "Folk perceptions and patterns of use of orchid species in Benin, West Africa." Flora et Vegetatio Sudano-Sambesica 20 (December 20, 2017): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/fvss.20.48.
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In Benin, people have a rich ethnobotanical knowledge of plant species, reflecting the cultural and ecological diversity of their environment. Several studies were focused on the question of how valuable are plant species for local communities. However, there has been very little research interest in the orchid species in spite of the importance of orchids in the livelihood of the local people. This study examined the use and differences in knowledge of local people of orchids in the Sudanian zone of Benin. An ethnobotanical study was conducted amongst the four main socio-economic and ethnic groups from six villages around the Pendjari Biosphere Reserve in Benin. One hundred and sixty people participated in this study. Data were gathered using semi-structured individual interviews and analysed using quantitative ethnobotanical methods. 29 different types of use were recorded and can be grouped into four main use categories: medicinal, veterinary, spiritual and food. There were differences in orchid utilization among the ethnic groups, gender and age. The knowledge of orchid uses was significantly affected by the ethnic group and the age of the respondent. Unlike young educated generations, most adults and elders, especially women, had a more comprehensive knowledge of orchid uses. Calyptrochilum christianum, the most used orchid, was mentioned in more than 50% of the types of orchid use. The Gourmantché and Waama tribe had more knowledge on orchid use whereas the Berba tribe had less knowledge. Three orchid species (Habenaria cirrhata, Eulophia horsfallii and Nervilia bicarinata) were reported as food. Orchids had low use value ranging from 0.01 (Eulophia spp) to 0.2 (C. christianum). The controlled access to the biosphere reserve and rural exodus can explain the lack of indigenous knowledge transfer of orchid use and value from elders to the young generation.
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Selosse, Marc-André, Rémi Petrolli, María Isabel Mujica, Liam Laurent, Benoît Perez-Lamarque, Tomáš Figura, Amelia Bourceret, et al. "The Waiting Room Hypothesis revisited by orchids: were orchid mycorrhizal fungi recruited among root endophytes?" Annals of Botany 129, no. 3 (October 29, 2021): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcab134.
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Abstract Background As in most land plants, the roots of orchids (Orchidaceae) associate with soil fungi. Recent studies have highlighted the diversity of the fungal partners involved, mostly within Basidiomycotas. The association with a polyphyletic group of fungi collectively called rhizoctonias (Ceratobasidiaceae, Tulasnellaceae and Serendipitaceae) is the most frequent. Yet, several orchid species target other fungal taxa that differ from rhizoctonias by their phylogenetic position and/or ecological traits related to their nutrition out of the orchid roots (e.g. soil saprobic or ectomycorrhizal fungi). We offer an evolutionary framework for these symbiotic associations. Scope Our view is based on the ‘Waiting Room Hypothesis’, an evolutionary scenario stating that mycorrhizal fungi of land flora were recruited from ancestors that initially colonized roots as endophytes. Endophytes biotrophically colonize tissues in a diffuse way, contrasting with mycorrhizae by the absence of morphological differentiation and of contribution to the plant’s nutrition. The association with rhizoctonias is probably the ancestral symbiosis that persists in most extant orchids, while during orchid evolution numerous secondary transitions occurred to other fungal taxa. We suggest that both the rhizoctonia partners and the secondarily acquired ones are from fungal taxa that have broad endophytic ability, as exemplified in non-orchid roots. We review evidence that endophytism in non-orchid plants is the current ecology of many rhizoctonias, which suggests that their ancestors may have been endophytic in orchid ancestors. This also applies to the non-rhizoctonia fungi that were secondarily recruited by several orchid lineages as mycorrhizal partners. Indeed, from our review of the published literature, they are often detected, probably as endophytes, in extant rhizoctonia-associated orchids. Conclusion The orchid family offers one of the best documented examples of the ‘Waiting Room Hypothesis’: their mycorrhizal symbioses support the idea that extant mycorrhizal fungi have been recruited among endophytic fungi that colonized orchid ancestors.
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ABDOULAYE, Yasmine, Eméline Sêssi Pélagie ASSEDE, Samadori Sorotori Honoré BIAOU, Nangnon Samirath Cléopâtre NANSOUNON, and Coert Johannes GELDENHUYS. "Research trends and perspectives on African orchids: a bibliometric overview." Annales de l’Université de Parakou - Série Sciences Naturelles et Agronomie 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.56109/aup-sna.v11i1.29.
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Worldwide scientific publications on the remarkably diverse Orchidaceae family are comprehensive, but Africa's craze for the taxon was only felt a few decades ago. This largest and threatened family of flowering plants is widely distributed in tropical areas and recognized by several authors for its environmental, ornamental, and medicinal importance. This review aims to identify research patterns on African orchids using co-citation analysis and bibliometric information visualization. 386 publications concerning African orchids listed in the Scopus database from 1968 to May 2020 were recorded and reviewed. The description of new orchid taxa, the adaptation of orchids to various pollinators and phylogeny emerged as the most discussed aspects. In total, 889 authors have invested in research on orchids in Africa. Johnson Steven D. was the most impactful author with h-index 37. Interestingly, several institutions were involved in these studies with a large dominance of the University of KwaZulu-Natal, a South African University. Future research efforts should target the identification of new orchid species and emphasize on orchid distribution, ecology, and species’ threats. They should also focus on developing efficient management and domestication strategies for orchid species to reduce threats to this family. The restoration and conservation planning of degraded orchid habitats are additional avenues to be explored by future research.
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de Boer, Hugo J., Abdolbaset Ghorbani, Vincent Manzanilla, Ancuta-Cristina Raclariu, Anna Kreziou, Sarawut Ounjai, Maslin Osathanunkul, and Barbara Gravendeel. "DNA metabarcoding of orchid-derived products reveals widespread illegal orchid trade." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1863 (September 20, 2017): 20171182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1182.
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In eastern Mediterranean countries orchids continue to be collected from the wild for the production of salep, a beverage made of dried orchid tubers. In this study we used nrITS1 and nrITS2 DNA metabarcoding to identify orchid and other plant species present in 55 commercial salep products purchased in Iran, Turkey, Greece and Germany. Thirty samples yielded a total of 161 plant taxa, and 13 products (43%) contained orchid species and these belonged to 10 terrestrial species with tuberous roots. Another 70% contained the substitute ingredient Cyamopsis tetraganoloba (Guar). DNA metabarcoding using the barcoding markers nrITS1 and nrITS2 shows the potential of these markers and approach for identification of species used in salep products. The analysis of interspecific genetic distances between sequences of these markers for the most common salep orchid genera shows that species level identifications can be made with a high level of confidence. Understanding the species diversity and provenance of salep orchid tubers will enable the chain of commercialization of endangered species to be traced back to the harvesters and their natural habitats, and thus allow for targeted efforts to protect or sustainably use wild populations of these orchids.
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Li, Yan, Bin Zhang, and Hao Yu. "Molecular genetic insights into orchid reproductive development." Journal of Experimental Botany 73, no. 7 (February 1, 2022): 1841–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erac016.
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Abstract Orchids are members of the Orchidaceae, one of the largest families of flowering plants, and occupy a wide range of ecological habitats with highly specialized reproductive features. They exhibit unique developmental characteristics, such as generation of storage organs during flowering and spectacular floral morphological features, which contribute to their reproductive success in different habitats in response to various environmental cues. Here we review current understanding of the molecular genetic basis of orchid reproductive development, including flowering time control, floral patterning and flower color, with a focus on the orchid genes that have been functionally validated in plants. Furthermore, we summarize recent progress in annotating orchid genomes, and discuss how integration of high-quality orchid genome sequences with other advanced tools, such as the ever-improving multi-omics approaches and genome editing technologies as well as orchid-specific technical platforms, could open up new avenues to elucidate the molecular genetic basis of highly specialized reproductive organs and strategies in orchids.
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Damgaard, Christian, Jesper Erenskjold Moeslund, and Peter Wind. "Changes in the Abundance of Danish Orchids over the Past 30 Years." Diversity 12, no. 6 (June 15, 2020): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12060244.
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Orchid abundance data collected over the past 30 years (1987–2016) from 440 sites within the National Orchid Monitoring Program were analyzed to quantify the population trends of orchids in Denmark, and the underlying reasons for the observed population trends were analyzed and discussed. Of the 45 monitored Danish orchids, 20 showed a significant decrease in abundance over the past 30 years (16, if only orchids with at least 50 observations each were selected), thus corroborating the previous observations of declining orchid abundances at the European scale. Generally, there was a significant negative effect of overgrowing with tall-growing herbs and shrubs on the abundance of Danish orchids, mainly caused by change of farming practices, as extensive management, such as grazing or mowing of light-open grassland areas, has decreased.
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Monawati, Ari, Desi Rhomadhoni, and Nur Rokhimah Hanik. "Identifikasi Hama dan Penyakit Pada Tanaman Anggrek Bulan (Phalaenopsis amabilis)." Florea : Jurnal Biologi dan Pembelajarannya 8, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.25273/florea.v8i1.9002.
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<pre><em>Orchid is the general name for all types of plants in the family Orchidaceae (family of orchids). This family is one of the largest groups among other flowering plants. It is estimated that worldwide there are around 15,000-20,000 species of orchids with 900 genera (clans) that grow endemic to forests scattered in various countries. Of all orchid species in the world, 5,000 of them are in Indonesia. Broadly speaking, the classification of orchids is divided into 5 subfamilies, 16 tribes (tribes), and 28 subtribes. Phalaenopsis is a genus of orchids which is popular for its diversity and beauty of flowers. The government through presidential decree (Kepres) No. 4 of 1993, on January 9, 1993, designated the moon orchid as a charm flower named Latin Phaleonopsis amabilis, this orchid grows attached to a tree trunk or branch and is one type of orchid endemic to Indonesia. The development of orchid cultivation has never been separated from disease and pest problems. With few disease infections and pest attacks, the beauty will change, of course, the selling price will fall. Orchid plants require extra care to grow with beautiful flowers. Orchid disease can be caused by bacteria, fungi or viruses. Diseases and pests that attack orchid plants can cause death if allowed to continue. Besides that, mishandling can also cause the death of orchids. The purpose of this study was to determine the pests and diseases of the Phalaenopsis amabilis plant.</em></pre><pre><em>This research was conducted on December 2, 2020 and January 13-14, 2021 in Carikan Sukoharjo with 10 samples of Phalaenopsis amabilis plants. The tools needed in this research include writing tools, tables, loops and documentation tools (cellphone cameras). The variables to be observed were diseases and pests that attacked. The methods used were direct observation and interviews, the data obtained were analyzed by qualitative descriptive.</em><em></em></pre><p><em>Research conducted on 10 samples of Phalaenopsis amablis, found 6 pests and 2 diseases. Pests on the Phalaenopsis amabilis Moon Orchid plant are found that very often attack such as ants, snails, grasshoppers, mealybugs, mites and caterpillars. Whereas in the disease of the Moon Orchid plant (Phalaenopsis amabilis) in the search for Sukoharjo, the fungus Fussarium oxyporum and Rhizoctonia solani attack the leaves, stems, roots of Phalaenopsis amabilis. This disease enters the plant tissue through stomata or wounds in plants. In general, the characteristics of a fungal attack include small spots on the leaves, blisters like being scalded, watery, either cloudy or clear.</em></p>
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Morales-Linares, Jonas, José G. García-Franco, Alejandro Flores-Palacios, Thorsten Krömer, and Tarin Toledo-Aceves. "The role of shaded cocoa plantations in the maintenance of epiphytic orchids and their interactions with phorophytes." Journal of Plant Ecology 13, no. 1 (November 20, 2019): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtz052.
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Abstract Aims Habitat loss and fragmentation are the main threats to biodiversity in tropical forests. Agroecosystems such as shaded cocoa plantations (SCP) provide refuge for tropical forest biota. However, it is poorly known whether the interspecific ecological interactions are also maintained in these transformed habitats. We evaluated the diversity, reproductive status and photosynthetic metabolism (CAM or C3) of the epiphytic orchid community, and their interactions with host trees (phorophytes) in SCP compared to tropical rainforest (TRF). Methods In southeastern Mexico, three sites each in TRF and SCP were studied, with four 400 m2 plots established at each site to record all orchids and their phorophytes. We determined the reproductive (adult) or non-reproductive (juvenile) status of each orchid individual in relation to the presence or absence, respectively, of flowers/fruits (or remnants), and assigned the photosynthetic pathway of each orchid species based in literature. We used true diversity and ecological networks approaches to analyze orchid diversity and orchid–phorophyte interactions, respectively. Important Findings In total, 607 individuals belonging to 47 orchid species were recorded. Orchid diversity was higher in TRF (19 effective species) than in SCP (11 effective species) and only seven species were shared between the two habitats. CAM orchid species were more frequent in SCP (53%) than in TRF (14%). At the community level the proportion of non-reproductive and reproductive orchid species and the nested structure and specialization level of the TRF orchid–phorophyte network were maintained in SCP. However, only a subset of TRF epiphytic orchids remains in SCP, highlighting the importance of protecting TRF. Despite this difference, shaded agroecosystems such as SCP can maintain some of the diversity and functions of natural forests, since the SCP epiphytic orchid community, mainly composed of CAM species, and its phorophytes constitute a nested interaction network, which would confer robustness to disturbances.
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Jalal, Jeewan Singh. "Distribution pattern of orchids in Uttarakhand, Western Himalayas, India." International Journal of Plant Biology 3, no. 1 (December 6, 2012): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/pb.2012.e5.
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Orchids are widely distributed in tropics, subtropics and temperate regions. Within the tropics, orchids form an important feature of the vegetation, chiefly as epiphytes. India’s epiphytic orchid is to be found primarily in the Eastern Himalayas and Western Ghats, while the terrestrial species flourishes in the Western Himalayas. In the state of Uttarakhand, India, orchid distribution is not homogeneous. Orchids are typically concentrated along the riverine areas and in pockets of moist forests where there is suitable habitat for their growth, development and regeneration. The purpose of this study was to provide a general review of the distribution of orchid species (epiphytic and terrestrial) in Uttarakhand. A total of 240 species (of which 10 are endemic) belonging to 73 <em>genera</em> were recorded. The largest number of orchid species (terrestrial and epiphytic) were encountered in the sub-tropical zone (<1500 m). Terrestrial orchids were distributed throughout the altitudinal gradient, but the largest number of species occurred in two ecotones between high and low altitude forests (1500-2000 m and 3000-3500 m). Twenty-one species were restricted to a particular habitat.
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HARTINI, SRI. "Orchids Diversity in the Sicikeh-Cikeh Forest, North Sumatra, Indonesia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 20, no. 4 (March 23, 2019): 1087–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200421.
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Abstract. Hartini S. 2019. Orchids Diversity in the Sicikeh-Cikeh Forest, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1087-1096. Sicikeh-cikeh forest includes three forest areas, namely Adian Tinjoan Customary Forest, Adian Tinjoan Protection Forest, and Taman Wisata Alam Sicikeh-cikeh. Typical vegetation of this area is mountain forest with large diversity of plant species. Among the species, orchid is one of the potential plants found diversely in this location and has not yet been recorded. The exploration activities were conducted at Sicikeh-cikeh forest. Orchid exploration was conducted to collect living plants for ex situ conservation purpose. Orchid inventory, to record orchid diversity in this area, was based on plant collection by purposive random sampling. The results of the study recorded approximately 102 different species from 30 genera of orchids in this area. Typical epiphytic and terrestrial highland orchids were found and very common in Sumatra. Among the species found are endemic Sumatra, such as Coelogyne brachygyne, Coelogyne salmonicolor, Dendrobium kruiense, Epigeneium pulchellum, Thrixspermum gombakense, Corybas stenotribonos and Paphiopedilum tonsum. Interesting terrestrial orchids include Kuhlhasseltia javanica, Neuwiedia zollingeri var. javanica, Paphiopedilum tonsum, Phaius callosus, Corybas stenotribonos, Calanthe aurantiaca, Calanthe chrysoglossoides, and Calanthe pulchra. While interesting epiphytic orchids include Bulbophyllum absconditum, Bulbophyllum coloriferum, Coelogyne brachygyne, Epigenium pulchellum, Eria bractescens, Eria pachystachya, Pholidota gibbosa, and Thrixspermum amplexicaule.
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Palma, Marco A., Yu-Jen Chen, Charles Hall, David Bessler, and David Leatham. "Consumer Preferences for Potted Orchids in the Hawaiian Market." HortTechnology 20, no. 1 (February 2010): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.1.239.
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The wholesale value of potted orchids (Orchidaceae) in the United States has risen 80% in the last decade to $126 million in 2007. However, market-related information concerning consumer demand is still very limited. The objective of this study was to identify consumer preferences affecting orchid purchases and the relative importance of different orchid attributes, including species, price, size, and color. A survey to assess orchid market preferences was conducted in Akatsuka Orchid Gardens, headquartered on the Island of Hawaii during the Spring 2008. A conjoint analysis was developed to analyze consumer preferences for orchid attributes. Hawaii is the third largest orchid-consuming state in terms of sales, with $16.8 million in 2007. Most respondents (57.8%) were able to identify the specific orchid species they bought, but a large portion (42.2%) was not able to identify any orchid species. The conjoint analysis results revealed that price was the most important factor affecting the purchasing decision, representing 30.90% of influence, followed by size (26.28%) and species (25.58%), while color (17.23%) was the least important orchid attribute.
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Scopece, Giovanni, Nicolas Juillet, Christian Lexer, and Salvatore Cozzolino. "Fluctuating selection across years and phenotypic variation in food-deceptive orchids." PeerJ 5 (August 25, 2017): e3704. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3704.
Full textAbstract:
Nectarless flowers that deceive pollinators offer an opportunity to study asymmetric plant-insect interactions. Orchids are a widely used model for studying these interactions because they encompass several thousand species adopting deceptive pollination systems. High levels of intra-specific phenotypic variation have been reported in deceptive orchids, suggesting a reduced consistency of pollinator-mediated selection on their floral traits. Nevertheless, several studies report on widespread directional selection mediated by pollinators even in these deceptive orchids. In this study we test the hypothesis that the observed selection can fluctuate across years in strength and direction thus likely contributing to the phenotypic variability of this orchid group. We performed a three-year study estimating selection differentials and selection gradients for nine phenotypic traits involved in insect attraction in two Mediterranean orchid species, namely Orchis mascula and O. pauciflora, both relying on a well-described food-deceptive pollination strategy. We found weak directional selection and marginally significant selection gradients in the two investigated species with significant intra-specific differences in selection differentials across years. Our data do not link this variation with a specific environmental cause, but our results suggest that pollinator-mediated selection in food-deceptive orchids can change in strength and in direction over time. In perennial plants, such as orchids, different selection differentials in the same populations in different flowering seasons can contribute to the maintenance of phenotypic variation often reported in deceptive orchids.
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Melinda. H, Felia, Harmida Harmida, and Nita Aminasih. "Orchid (Orchidaceae) Inventory in Isau-Isau Wildlife Conservation Resort Area IX Lawang Agung Village, South Sumatra." Jurnal Biodjati 7, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/biodjati.v7i2.19271.
Full textAbstract:
Orchidaceae is one of the plant families which occupies 7-10% of the total flowering plants in the world. Of the 25,000 species of orchids in the world, 6,000 species are found in various forests in Indonesia, including Sumatra. South Sumatra save high diversity of orchid and one of them is in Isau-Isau Wildlife Conservation. This area has various types of plants, including orchids. Diversity orchids in the area have not gotten any attention, so the data regarding orchids in the Isau-Isau Wildlife Conservation, especially in Resort Conservation Area IX Lawang Agung Village, Mulak Ulu District, Lahat Regency, South Sumatra still limited and not well documented, so that need further research to know types of orchids in the area. The research found 22 species, consisting of 21 epiphyte orchids and 1 terrestrial orchid. Many orchids were found in the secondary forest of 16 species. An endemic orchid of South Sumatra was found in this research, it is Vanda foetida. Host plants found were 11 plants, 7 can identify and 4 not can be identified.
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Kottke, Ingrid, Juan Pablo Suárez, Paulo Herrera, Dario Cruz, Robert Bauer, Ingeborg Haug, and Sigisfredo Garnica. "Atractiellomycetes belonging to the ‘rust’ lineage (Pucciniomycotina) form mycorrhizae with terrestrial and epiphytic neotropical orchids." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 277, no. 1685 (December 9, 2009): 1289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.1884.
Full textAbstract:
Distinctive groups of fungi are involved in the diverse mycorrhizal associations of land plants. All previously known mycorrhiza-forming Basidiomycota associated with trees, ericads, liverworts or orchids are hosted in Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycotina. Here we demonstrate for the first time that Atractiellomycetes, members of the ‘rust’ lineage (Pucciniomycotina), are mycobionts of orchids. The mycobionts of 103 terrestrial and epiphytic orchid individuals, sampled in the tropical mountain rainforest of Southern Ecuador, were identified by sequencing the whole ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and part of 28S rDNA. Mycorrhizae of 13 orchid individuals were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Simple septal pores and symplechosomes in the hyphal coils of mycorrhizae from four orchid individuals indicated members of Atractiellomycetes. Molecular phylogeny of sequences from mycobionts of 32 orchid individuals out of 103 samples confirmed Atractiellomycetes and the placement in Pucciniomycotina, previously known to comprise only parasitic and saprophytic fungi. Thus, our finding reveals these fungi, frequently associated to neotropical orchids, as the most basal living basidiomycetes involved in mycorrhizal associations of land plants.
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Fathul Hafidh, Muhammad Edya Rosadi, and Rahmadi Agus. "PENERAPAN METODE ITERATIVE DICHOTOMIZER (ID3) UNTUK DIAGNOSA HAMA TANAMAN ANGGREK." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Universitas Lambung Mangkurat (JTIULM) 2, no. 1 (June 12, 2017): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jtiulm.v2i1.16.
Full textAbstract:
Orchid plants is one component of the aesthetic aspect and become a part of human life. Diagnostics system for classification orchid pests were attack plants still using the manual model, it’s result difficulty identifying pests orchid that has a variety of symptoms are almost the same. As to distinguish the symptoms of damage to the leaves, roots and flowers caused by pests. ID3 able to generate a decision tree of large data sets. This decision tree can be used as a reference for the diagnosis of pests on orchids. In this research, pest classification of orchids do with ID3 method with the highest level of performance accuracy is 78.06%.
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Koroteyeva, A. V., and V. P. Polischuk. "Orchid viruses of natural Ukrainian flora." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (December 31, 2017): 375–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10495-pps.
Full textAbstract:
Virus infection greatly affects to the normal growth and reproductive intensity of orchid species in greenhouses. Peculiarities of ornamental orchid viruses has become known in different countries of the world while there is nothing known about orchid virus infection in natural flora of Europe, for example in Ukraine. After extensive virus detection of natural orchids of Ukraine (Carpathians, Crimea), some viruses infecting these plants in their natural inhabitance were determined.
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Deepthi, Azhanthanilkunnathil S., and Joseph G. Ray. "Applications of endophytic-fungal-isolates from velamen root of wild orchids in floriculture." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 6, no. 14 (2019): 577–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.061409.
Full textAbstract:
The velamen roots are quite extensively growing and profusely branched organ of adaptation in epiphytic orchids. The endophytic-fungi in such roots are believed to have growth-promoting influence, especially on the roots itself. However, an application of the same in the cultivation of the ornamental orchids is not yet sufficiently tried. The present report deals with the growth promoting effects of endophytic fungi of the velamen roots of a wild epiphytic orchid Acampe praemorsa on an ornamental orchid, Dendrobium sp. The five endophytic fungal species, Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma atroviride, Endomelanconiopsis endophytica and Diaporthe eucalyptorum isolated from the velamen roots of the epiphytic orchid, A. praemorsa were found to be potent producers of the hormone indole-3-acetic-acid (IAA). The endophytic fungi were identified by morphological and molecular methods. The nucleotide sequences of the identified strains were deposited in the GenBank. The growth-promoting influence of them was tested on an ornamental orchid Dendrobium sp. Experimental assessment of nutrient uptake, chlorophyll content, and biomass of the leaves of the treated plants after 45 days of inoculation confirmed the growth promoting effects. The amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the treated plants showed a significant increase from the control. The fungus E. endophytica showed a significant increase in the chlorophyll content in the leaves of treated plants; T. asperellum and D. eucalyptorum showed a significant increase in the fresh-weight of treated plants, whereas T. asperellum and E. endophytica significantly increased the dry weight of leaves in treated plants. Overall, the experiment proved that the endophytic fungal isolates from the wild orchid A. praemorsa synthesize bioactive compounds including IAA that can promote growth in ornamental orchids such as Dendrobium sp. Thus the endophytic fungal isolates from wild orchids are proved significant in orchid floriculture.
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Ngadiani and Try Jayanti. "Pengaruh Pemberian Hormon NAA Dan BAP Pada Media MS (Murashige and Skoog) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Anggrek Vanda tricolor Secara In-Vitro." STIGMA: Jurnal Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Unipa 14, no. 02 (November 3, 2021): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/stigma.14.02.4885.89-98.
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Vanda orchids in local and export markets have very high demand, this is not comparable to the limited vegetative propagation of Vanda orchids. Vanda orchid propagation by tissue culture method is a solution in the propagation of Vanda orchid seeds and with tissue culture, high quality orchid seeds are obtained. This study aims to determine the treatment of growth regulators NAA and BAP as well as to determine the optimum concentration of addition of NAA and BAP to the growing medium for Vanda orchids. This research is an experimental study in which researchers used a completely randomized design (CRD) method with 4 different treatments, namely MS (0ppm NAA + 0ppm BAP), MS (2ppm NAA + 2ppm BAP), MS (4ppm NAA + 4ppm BAP), MS (6ppm NAA + 6ppm BAP) was repeated 3 times in each treatment and analyzed using (ANOVA) with a significant level (p<0.05) then continued using the Duncan Multiple Range Test. This study used test parameters, namely the number of roots, number of leaves, plantlet mass weight and plant height. The results of this study showed a significant difference with the administration of several treatments of growth regulators NAA and BAP on MS media. Treatment B (MS + 2ppm NAA + 2ppm BAP) was the best treatment in obtaining optimum results in order to increase the number of roots and mass weight of Vanda orchid plantlets. The results of this study can be used as a reference for cultivators of Vanda orchid tissue culture. Cultivators are advised to use growth regulators with a concentration of 2 ppm NAA and 2 ppm BAP to increase the number of roots and plantlet mass weight of Vanda orchids.
Keywords: BAP, MS Media, NAA, Tissue Culture and Vanda Orchid.
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Cating, R. A., A. J. Palmateer, C. M. Stiles, and P. A. Rayside. "Black Rot of Orchids Caused by Phytophthora cactorum and Phytophthora palmivora in Florida." Plant Health Progress 11, no. 1 (January 2010): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2010-0614-01-dg.
Full textAbstract:
Several species of Phytophthora have been reported to cause economic damage on orchids worldwide. Of these, P. cactorum and P. palmivora have the widest host range across orchid genera, and they are the most common species affecting commercial orchid production in Florida. The objective of this guide is to provide a practical diagnostic resource for black rot on orchids in Florida. Accepted for publication 27 April 2010. Published 14 June 2010.
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Hadi, Hazrina, Syarifah Nazira Said Razali, and Ammar Ihsan Awadh. "A Comprehensive Review of the Cosmeceutical Benefits of Vanda Species (Orchidaceae)." Natural Product Communications 10, no. 8 (August 2015): 1934578X1501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000842.
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Orchidaceae is the largest family of flowering plants with over 35000 species and 850 genera. About 3300 species of orchids are found in Malaysia and the diversity is highest in the Main, Keledang, Bintang and Tahan Ranges. Apart from being prized for their beauty, orchids have long been used by humans for medicinal purposes. Today the uses of orchids have been expanded to the food and cosmetics industries. Many cosmeceutical companies use orchid extracts as an active ingredient in their products. Previous studies provide riveting insights into the potential uses of orchid extracts as an active agent in cosmetics. This paper describes the cosmeceutical potential of orchids as an anti-aging, and skin moisturizing agent. Orchid extracts from Vanda coerulea and V. teres delay aging caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) following UV irradiation through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. These extracts also show anti-aging properties by stimulating cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV), which is part of the electron transport chain in mitochondria. Stimulation of cytochrome c oxidase improves the respiratory function of mitochondria in keratinocytes. The presence of mucilage in orchids enables them to maintain skin hydration. Mucilage functions as a moisturizer and emollient due to its high water binding capacity. Additionally, orchid extracts provide skin hydration by stimulating aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and LEKTI protein expression. The presence of AQP3 leads to a five-fold increase in water permeability, which subsequently increases stratum corneum hydration. Increased LEKTI protein expression mediated by orchid extracts reduces the degradation of desmoglein-1 and enhances the structural function of desmosomes, which play important roles in preventing water evaporation.
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Otero, J. Tupac, Peter H. Thrall, Mark Clements, Jeremy J. Burdon, and Joseph T. Miller. "Codiversification of orchids (Pterostylidinae) and their associated mycorrhizal fungi." Australian Journal of Botany 59, no. 5 (2011): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt11053.
Full textAbstract:
Fungal symbionts involved in mycorrhizal associations are known to vary considerably in both specificity and the level of benefits conferred on their plant hosts. For orchids, association with a suitable mycorrhizal fungus is vital for successful germination, growth and establishment. Using an evolutionarily distinct group of Australasian terrestrial orchids, the Pterostylidinae (Cranichiadeae: Orchidaceae), we assessed potential codiversification and the level of response between this diverse host group (~250 species) and their associated fungal symbionts. All fungal isolates recovered (~200 from 41 host species covering all major orchid clades) were identified as species of Ceratobasidium, which clustered into strongly supported groups using nuclear (ITS) and mitochondrial (ML 4–5) gene sequences. Three clades within the Pterostylidinae phylogeny showed associations with specific fungal clades. The results suggest the occurrence of local adaptation by the fungal symbionts to the orchid host, particularly in diverse and widespread host taxa. Results of cross-inoculation in vitro germination experiments revealed correlations between certain mycorrhizal fungal clades and particular orchid taxa, with germination generally being most effective when seeds were inoculated with fungal strains from the same clade as found naturally associated with the orchid species. We found only general congruence between the orchid and fungal phylogenies, suggesting that strict codivergerence between these orchids and their mycorrhizal associates has not occurred at the broad level of resolution studied.