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1
Berretta, Fabiana Bartolo. "A racionalidade prática como fundamentação do agir moral." Florianópolis, SC, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/90222.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-graduação em Filosofia<br>Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-23T07:22:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
258946.pdf: 465322 bytes, checksum: 92e8a9cb312ee15da8c4bc361d44a300 (MD5)<br>O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a Doutrina da Inteligência de Tomás de Aquino em seu no caráter realista, assim como suas repercussões no âmbito do agir moral. Pretende demonstrar a estrutura e as operações naturais da Inteligência, sua forma de conhecimento da realidade e seu papel moral de fundamentação do agir humano ao exercer a Racionalidade Prática.
2
Brandao, Rodrigo. "A ordem do mundo e o homem: estudos sobre metafísica e moral em Voltaire." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-11112009-162047/.
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O presente trabalho visa compreender a relação entre a ordem do mundo e o homem nas obras de Voltaire, ou seja, elucidar a posição e condição do homem num mundo ordenado por leis e a compreensão desse mundo do ponto de vista humano. Para tanto se enfrentou os temas que tal relação oferecia ao autor: a liberdade e a necessidade, o destino, a providência e o mal. Estes tópicos, como se sabe, constituem os assuntos tradicionais da teodicéia, de sorte que o presente trabalho é concebido também como a elucidação da leitura crítica de Voltaire do otimismo filosófico.<br>The present work tries to understand the rapports between the order of the world and man in Voltaires works, that is, it aims at shedding some light on man as part of an ordered world and on the understanding of that ordered world from a human standpoint. In order to do that it focused the subjects which the comprehension of that relation required: liberty and necessity, destiny, providence and evil. Those topics, as one knows, constituted the traditional themes of the theodicy, so that the present work can also be considered as an account of Voltaires critique of the philosophical optimism.
3
Godoy, Adele Mara Alves de. "Intervenções humanitárias: o dilema entre entre ordem e justiça sob uma perspectiva normativa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8131/tde-04092009-144720/.
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A decisão política e moral entre fazer algo e não fazer nada diante de emergências humanitárias, como genocídio, assassinatos em massa e limpeza étnica ao redor do mundo, permanece como um dos principais dilemas decisórios das relações internacionais e como tema controverso tanto para a Teoria Política quanto para a Teoria de Relações Internacionais. A complexidade e controvérsia deste fenômeno serão analisadas a partir da perspectiva de que as intervenções humanitárias reivindicam o lugar negligenciado das considerações morais tanto pela prática política quanto pelas reflexões teóricas de mainstream das relações internacionais. Desse modo, o principal objetivo desta pesquisa é a análise das intervenções humanitárias a partir da relação entre ordem e justiça sob a perspectiva normativa. É da reflexão sobre a conexão e a combinação dessas duas idéias tão cruciais ao entendimento prático e teórico das relações internacionais que se pretende buscar novas interpretações normativas a respeito desse fenômeno. Para tanto, a reflexão teórica e normativa das intervenções humanitárias será ilustrada com exemplos empíricos de intervenções durante e após o período de Guerra Fria, a fim de investigar as possibilidades de uma mudança no relacionamento entre ordem e justiça desde o início da década de 1990 até os dias mais contemporâneos.<br>The moral and political decision between doing something and doing nothing at the occasion of humanitarian emergencies, such as genocide, mass murders and ethnic cleansing all around the world remains to be the principal dilemma of decision making in the area of international relations and as a controversial subject as well as for the Political Theory as for the Theory of International Relations. The complexity and controversy of this phenomenon will be analyzed from the perspective that the humanitarian interventions demand the neglected place of moral considerations as well as for the political practice as for the theoretical reflections of the mainstream of international relations. In this manner, the main objective of this research is the analysis of humanitarian interventions from the relation between order and justice on a normative perspective. It is the reflection of connection and combination between this two ideas so much essential for the practical and theoretical understanding of international relations, that will be the groundwork for the search for new normative interpretations in relation to this phenomenon. As such, the theoretical and normative reflection of humanitarian interventions will be illustrated on empirical examples of interventions during and after the period of Cold War, to investigate the possibilities of changes in relation between order and justice since the beginning of the decade of 1990 until the more recent past.
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Medeiros, Rodrigo Augusto Lima de. "Construção de significados no evento-situacional Usina Hidrelétrica Corumbá IV : desapropriações, re-ordenamentos e formação de uma ordem moral." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2007. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/3419.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Centro de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação sobre as Américas, 2007.<br>Submitted by Larissa Ferreira dos Angelos (ferreirangelos@gmail.com) on 2010-01-23T13:19:59Z
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Previous issue date: 2007-03<br>O objetivo desta dissertação é descrever e analisar as dinâmicas de mudanças provocadas e/ou negociadas no contexto de instalação/operação da usina hidrelétrica Corumbá IV. Observa-se que diferentes modos de simbolizar o território e seus recursos entram em concorrência, notadamente, moralidade camponesa, concepções ambientalistas e perspectivas desenvolvimentistas. A hipótese de pesquisa é a seguinte: as interações entre os diferentes atores e agências, no contexto da hidrelétrica, produzem um campo semântico próprio. Grosso modo, este trabalho atribui à situação social de construção da hidrelétrica as questões de representações, de atos rituais, de normas, de valores e de moralidades que compõem, polissemicamente, uma ordem de relações morais. A heterogeneidade dos atores envolvidos e a variedade de eventos compõem as complexas interações em torno da realidade da hidrelétrica, obrigando os atores a reordenarem e re-significarem suas posições e perspectivas. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT<br>The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyze the dynamics of the changes occurred during the construction and operation of the Corumbá IV hydroelectric plant. In that period, one is able to observe the competition among different ways of symbolizing the territory and its resources, mainly, moral economy of the peasant, enterprising concepts of development and environmentalist perspectives. The hypothesis of this research is the following: In the hydroelectric context, relationships among social actors create an particular symbolic field. In other words, this work is about the social change, ritual deeds, rules and moral values constituents of a new symbolic order.
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Silveira, Bruno Abnner Lourenzatto. "O conforto da ordem: Hannah Arendt e Eichmann em Jerusalém (das décadas de 1930 a 1960)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5150.
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-25<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>In 1993 with the establishment of the Nazis regime in Germany, Hannah Arendt joined the Zionism to face the totalitarian regime. Yet in 1933, fleeing from persecutions against Jews, she went to Paris and after that to the United States of America (place where she established her new residence later). In the 60’s Arendt returned to Jerusalem as a reporter to cover the judgment of the Nazi’s ex-bureaucrat, Adolf Eichmann, found by the secret police of Israel living in Argentina. On this occasion, as the correspondent of the North-American magazine The New Yorker, she published her impressions about the judgment. Thereafter, her articles are reunited and published it the book Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil. This dissertation work aims to solve the complexity which involved the elaboration of these texts, taking into consideration the relation of Hannah Arendt with the Zionists, as well as the categories and concepts previously presented in her works, which oriented her reflection during the judgment. In order to accomplish this comprehensive exercise, a dialogue was established between Eichmann in Jerusalem and other works as The Origins of Totalitarianism, as well as other articles and texts of Hannah Arendt.<br>Em 1933, com o estabelecimento do regime nazista na Alemanha, Hannah Arendt se filiou ao sionismo para enfrentar o regime totalitário. No mesmo ano, fugindo de perseguições contra os judeus, ela segue para Paris e, posteriormente, para os Estados Unidos da América, onde estabeleceu nova residência. Na década de 1960, Arendt vai para Jerusalém como repórter para cobrir o julgamento do ex-burocrata nazista, Adolf Eichmann, encontrado pela polícia secreta de Israel vivendo na Argentina. Nesta ocasião, trabalhacomo correspondente da revista norte-americana The New Yorker, onde publica seus artigos sobre o julgamento. Futuramente, esses artigos seriam reunidos e publicados no livro Eichmann em Jerusalém: um relato sobre a banalidade do mal. Esta dissertação procura analisar a elaboração destes textos, levando em consideração a relação de Hannah Arendt com os sionistas, assim como as categorias e conceitos que nortearam sua reflexão durante o julgamento. Para a realização desse objetivo, estabeleceu-se um diálogo entre Eichmann em Jerusalém e outras obras da autora, como, por exemplo, Origens do totalitarismo.
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Melo, Guilherme Aparecido Bassi de. "Configuração do dano à moral difusa a partir da delimitação jurídica do patrimônio imaterial coletivo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6111.
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Previous issue date: 2013-05-07<br>This dissertation aims to analyze the possibility of recognition of an intangible collective
heritage, based on objective order of values, whose foundation is paramount to article 1º
of the Brazilian Constitution. After demonstrating that the constitutional article refered
above provides the necessary support for conceiving a collective consciousness
grounded in dignity conceived in its community dimension, we look foward to establish
the effectiveness of supervision exercised by the instruments made available by the
brazilian system of law at the moment of the protection of the legal immaterial goods,
especially intangible heritage collective. Thus, outlined the parameters of material and
protection configuration, procedural and extra-procedural, we consider the nature of the
indemnification established as a direct result of the verification of the lesion to the
collective moral, synonymous of intangible collective heritage. To achieve this latter
goal, the allocation of indemnities was investigated, always confronting the general
purposes of the Public Civil Action law and specific function of article 13. For last, two
special features were detailed and properly correlated to the assumptions set out at the
beginning of the dissertation, in order to conclude on the trend of the Superior Court of
Justice with regard to the effectiveness of safeguarding the legal interests of immaterial
character.<br>A presente dissertação tem por objetivo analisar a possibilidade de reconhecimento de
um patrimônio imaterial coletivo, calcado numa ordem objetiva de valores, cujo
fundamento primordial é o artigo 1º da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil.
Após a constatação de o referido dispositivo constitucional fornece os subsídios
necessários para a formatação de uma consciência coletiva calcada numa dignidade
concebida em sua dimensão comunitária, procura-se estabelecer a efetividade exercida
pelos instrumentos de tutela colocados à disposição pelo ordenamento quando da
proteção aos bens jurídicos imateriais, mormento o patrimônio imaterial coletivo. Assim,
traçados os parâmetros de configuração material e de tutela, processual e
extraprocessual, parte para a consideração da natureza da indenização fixada como
decorrência direta da verificação de lesão à moral difusa, correlata semântica do
patrimônio imaterial coletivo. Para a consecução desse último objetivo, também a
destinação das parcelas pecuniárias arrecada foi perscruta, sempre confronto as
finalidades gerais da Lei da Ação Civil Pública e a disposição expressa e específica de
seu artigo 13. Por derradeiro, dois recursos especiais foram detalhas e devidamente
correlacionados às premissas fixadas no início da dissertação, a fim de concluir sobre a
tendência do Superior Tribunal de Justiça no que à efetividade de tutela dos bens
jurídicos de caráter imaterial
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Alves, Leonardo Marcondes. "Give us this day our daily bread : The moral order of Pentecostal peasants in South Brazil." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kulturantropologi och etnologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-354613.
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This ethnography aims to identify the role of the Pentecostal beliefs that peasants in South Brazil use in justifying their life situations. Anthropological data were collected in the Sertão region of Jaguariaíva, in the Brazilian State of Paraná. An interpretative approach was used with concepts including the moral order of peasantness, moral economy, and multiple livelihood strategies. The core results indicated that Pentecostals in the countryside are not monolithic in terms of religion and have varying degrees of engagement with a variety of churches as well as their relations with the wider capitalism. Their economic and life-changing decisions are articulated by a moral order of peasantness expressed by dependence on Providence and the interpretation of events as a revelation of Divine will. The moral order is significant for maintaining viable peasant communities, orienting their relations to land, kinship, work, and consumption in a way that sets them apart from the “world.” Such findings question the Weberian explanations for the role of Pentecostalism in Latin American capitalism and confirm the repeasantization theory concerning the persistence of a distinctive peasant way of life.<br>Esta etnografia visa identificar o papel das crenças pentecostais com as quais os camponeses do sul do Brasil se expressam para justificar sua subsistência. O trabalho de campo antropológico no Sertão de Jaguariaíva, Paraná, serviu para a coleta de dados. Em uma abordagem interpretativa, a análise emprega conceitos de ordem moral da campesinidade, economia moral e múltiplas estratégias de subsistência. Os principais resultados são: o pentecostalismo rural não é monolítico e conta com diferentes graus de envolvimento com uma variedade de igrejas e com o capitalismo em geral. Não obstante, suas decisões econômicas, ou de grande impacto na vida, são articuladas por uma ordem moral campesina expressa pela espera na providência e pela interpretação de eventos como uma revelação da vontade divina. A ordem moral tem relevância para a manutenção de comunidades camponesas viáveis, orientando suas relações com a terra, o parentesco, o trabalho e o consumo, de modo a distingui-las do “mundo”. Tais resultados juntam-se ao debate das explicações weberianas sobre o papel do pentecostalismo no capitalismo latino-americano e confirmam a teoria do retorno do camponês como categoria e sua persistência como um distinto modo de vida.
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Leal, Gabriel Rodrigues. "Fundamentos filosóficos, políticos e educativos da polícia: da sensação de segurança à instituição policial." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9851.
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Previous issue date: 2015-08-20<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>This work aims to support the police science analyzing, first, the affection "sense of
security" through a structured ontology in triangulation between the "moral failure" in
Pascal, the "science of affection" in Espinosa and the "instinct death "in Freud:"
ontology of the abyss. " Given this initial ontoantropológica construction, held the book
I will trace a brief genealogy of the police institution in Book II now accosted in stud
procedure Nietzsche and documentary research on the history of security institutions, or
rather, the security-military thinking , greatly Brazilian army. It is, in Book II, therefore,
to follow the history of these institutions and their adherence or not to book ontology I.
In Book III, in turn, began to investigate the police-military education and general lines
an understanding of police-military educational process to give scope to the idea of a
precise scientific object or set to public safety sciences, then described in Book IV.
Therefore, a sequence of arguments juxtaposition we rely, first, in the ontology; later, in
the institutional history of military thought followed by their educational practice
scoped to the object "security," to bring in the book IV, an introductory proposal of
"public safety sciences," trying to understand their epistemological foundations founded
on epistemology Virtue Ernst Sosa (2013) and also moral, established and reading in
orthopraxis military values. In short, it is investigating the possibility of understanding
security, and its structural affection for the man, as an object of knowledge of police
institutions with scientific status, which is founded first and foremost, the year of the
first science, philosophy and its offer of elucidating the problem of evil cogent to man
and consequently the whole social body, read, since the front pages through an analysis
of Hobbes. It is based, in general, still, reading the police not only as reassuring
institution and guarantee rights in democracy, insist as public policies, but also as the
ultimate repository of cohesion and social peace through the systematic use of violence
to "subject Hobbesian "to preserve order, the foundation of social coexistence possible<br>Este trabalho tem como objetivo fundamentar as ciências policiais analisando,
primeiramente, o afeto sensação de segurança por meio de uma ontologia estruturada
na triangulação entre a insuficiência moral em Pascal, a ciência dos afetos em
Espinosa e a pulsão de morte em Freud: ontologia do abismo . Diante dessa inicial
construção ontoantropológica, realizada no Livro I, traçaremos uma breve genealogia da
instituição policial no Livro II, agora, acostados no procedimento genealógico de
Nietzsche observado por Foucault em sede de normalização e biopolítica e em pesquisa
documental acerca da história das instituições de segurança, ou melhor, do pensamento
militar à segurança, sobremaneira do Exército brasileiro. Trata-se, no Livro II, portanto,
de acompanhar a história dessas instituições e sua aderência, ou não, à ontologia do
Livro I. No Livro III, por sua vez, começamos a investigar a educação policial-militar e
as linhas gerais de uma compreensão de processo educativo policial-militar para dar
escopo à ideia de um objeto científico preciso ou definido às ciências policiais, descritas
então no Livro IV. Portanto, numa sequência de justaposição de argumentos baseamonos,
primeiramente, na ontologia; posteriormente, na história institucional do
pensamento militar seguido de sua prática educativa com escopo ao objeto segurança ,
para trazer, no Livro IV, uma proposta introdutória das ciências policiais , buscando
compreender seus fundamentos epistemológicos fundados na epistemologia da virtude
de Ernst Sosa (2013) e, também, morais, com sede de compreensão e leitura na
ortopráxis dos valores militares. Em suma, trata-se de investigar a possibilidade de
compreender a segurança, e seu afeto estrutural ao homem, como objeto de
conhecimento das instituições policiais com status científico, e que se funda antes de
mais nada, no exercício da ciência primeira, a filosofia, e sua oferta de elucidação ao
problema do mal cogente ao homem e consequentemente a todo corpo social, lido, já
nas primeiras páginas através de uma análise em Hobbes. Assenta-se, em caráter geral,
ainda, na leitura das polícias não somente como instituição asseguradora e garantia de
direitos na democracia, como insistem as políticas públicas, mas também como
repositório último da coesão e paz social mediante o uso sistemático da violência ao
sujeito hobbesiano para preservação da ordem, o fundamento da convivência social
possível
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Salvatore, Felipe de Souza. "Topics in modal quantification theory." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-14122015-122734/.
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The modal logic S5 gives us a simple technical tool to analyze some main notions from philosophy (e.g. metaphysical necessity and epistemological concepts such as knowledge and belief). Although S5 can be axiomatized by some simple rules, this logic shows some puzzling properties. For example, an interpolation result holds for the propositional version, but this same result fails when we add first-order quantifiers to this logic. In this dissertation, we study the failure of the Definability and Interpolation Theorems for first-order S5. At the same time, we combine the results of justification logic and we investigate the quantified justification counterpart of S5 (first-order JT45). In this way we explore the relationship between justification logic and modal logic to see if justification logic can contribute to the literature concerning the restoration of the Interpolation Theorem.<br>A lógica modal S5 nos oferece um ferramental técnico para analizar algumas noções filosóficas centrais (por exemplo, necessidade metafísica e certos conceitos epistemológicos como conhecimento e crença). Apesar de ser axiomatizada por princípios simples, esta lógica apresenta algumas propriedades peculiares. Uma das mais notórias é a seguinte: podemos provar o Teorema da Interpolação para a versão proposicional, mas esse mesmo teorema não pode ser provado quando adicionamos quantificadores de primeira ordem a essa lógica. Nesta dissertação vamos estudar a falha dos Teoremas da Definibilidade e da Interpolação para a versão quantificada de S5. Ao mesmo tempo, vamos combinar os resultados da lógica da justificação e investigar a contraparte da versão quantificada de S5 na lógica da justificação (a lógica chamada JT45 de primeira ordem). Desse modo, vamos explorar a relação entre lógica modal e lógica da justificação para ver se a lógica da justificação pode contribuir para a restauração do Teorema da Interpolação.
10
Hermer, Joseph M. (Joseph Michael) Carleton University Dissertation Sociology and Anthropology. "Regulating wilderness: the moral order of park governance." Ottawa, 1996.
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Lawson, Danielle. "Negotiating social and moral order in internet relay chat." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/26515/.
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Although internet chat is a significant aspect of many internet users’ lives, the manner in which participants in quasi-synchronous chat situations orient to issues of social and moral order remains to be studied in depth. The research presented here is therefore at the forefront of a continually developing area of study. This work contributes new insights into how members construct and make accountable the social and moral orders of an adult-oriented Internet Relay Chat (IRC) channel by addressing three questions: (1) What conversational resources do participants use in addressing matters of social and moral order? (2) How are these conversational resources deployed within IRC interaction? and (3) What interactional work is locally accomplished through use of these resources?
A survey of the literature reveals considerable research in the field of computer-mediated communication, exploring both asynchronous and quasi-synchronous discussion forums. The research discussed represents a range of communication interests including group and collaborative interaction, the linguistic construction of social identity, and the linguistic features of online interaction. It is suggested that the present research differs from previous studies in three ways: (1) it focuses on the interaction itself, rather than the ways in which the medium affects the interaction; (2) it offers turn-by-turn analysis of interaction in situ; and (3) it discusses membership categories only insofar as they are shown to be relevant by participants through their talk. Through consideration of the literature, the present study is firmly situated within the broader computer-mediated communication field.
Ethnomethodology, conversation analysis and membership categorization analysis were adopted as appropriate methodological approaches to explore the research focus on interaction in situ, and in particular to investigate the ways in which participants negotiate and co-construct social and moral orders in the course of their interaction.
IRC logs collected from one chat room were analysed using a two-pass method, based on a modification of the approaches proposed by Pomerantz and Fehr (1997) and ten Have (1999). From this detailed examination of the data corpus three interaction topics are identified by means of which participants clearly orient to issues of social and moral order: challenges to rule violations, ‘trolling’ for cybersex, and experiences regarding the 9/11 attacks. Instances of these interactional topics are subjected to fine-grained analysis, to demonstrate the ways in which participants draw upon various interactional resources in their negotiation and construction of channel social and moral orders. While these analytical topics stand alone in individual focus, together they illustrate different instances in which participants’ talk serves to negotiate social and moral orders or collaboratively construct new orders.
Building on the work of Vallis (2001), Chapter 5 illustrates three ways that rule violation is initiated as a channel discussion topic: (1) through a visible violation in open channel, (2) through an official warning or sanction by a channel operator regarding the violation, and (3) through a complaint or announcement of a rule violation by a non-channel operator participant. Once the topic has been initiated, it is shown to become available as a topic for others, including the perceived violator. The fine-grained analysis of challenges to rule violations ultimately demonstrates that channel participants orient to the rules as a resource in developing categorizations of both the rule violation and violator. These categorizations are contextual in that they are locally based and understood within specific contexts and practices. Thus, it is shown that compliance with rules and an orientation to rule violations as inappropriate within the social and moral orders of the channel serves two purposes: (1) to orient the speaker as a group member, and (2) to reinforce the social and moral orders of the group.
Chapter 6 explores a particular type of rule violation, solicitations for ‘cybersex’ known in IRC parlance as ‘trolling’. In responding to trolling violations participants are demonstrated to use affiliative and aggressive humour, in particular irony, sarcasm and insults. These conversational resources perform solidarity building within the group, positioning non-Troll respondents as compliant group members. This solidarity work is shown to have three outcomes: (1) consensus building, (2) collaborative construction of group membership, and (3) the continued construction and negotiation of existing social and moral orders.
Chapter 7, the final data analysis chapter, offers insight into how participants, in discussing the events of 9/11 on the actual day, collaboratively constructed new social and moral orders, while orienting to issues of appropriate and reasonable emotional responses. This analysis demonstrates how participants go about ‘doing being ordinary’ (Sacks, 1992b) in formulating their ‘first thoughts’ (Jefferson, 2004). Through sharing their initial impressions of the event, participants perform support work within the interaction, in essence working to normalize both the event and their initial misinterpretation of it. Normalising as a support work mechanism is also shown in relation to participants constructing the ‘quiet’ following the event as unusual. Normalising is accomplished by reference to the indexical ‘it’ and location formulations, which participants use both to negotiate who can claim to experience the ‘unnatural quiet’ and to identify the extent of the quiet. Through their talk participants upgrade the quiet from something legitimately experienced by one person in a particular place to something that could be experienced ‘anywhere’, moving the phenomenon from local to global provenance.
With its methodological design and detailed analysis and findings, this research contributes to existing knowledge in four ways. First, it shows how rules are used by participants as a resource in negotiating and constructing social and moral orders. Second, it demonstrates that irony, sarcasm and insults are three devices of humour which can be used to perform solidarity work and reinforce existing social and moral orders. Third, it demonstrates how new social and moral orders are collaboratively constructed in relation to extraordinary events, which serve to frame the event and evoke reasonable responses for participants. And last, the detailed analysis and findings further support the use of conversation analysis and membership categorization as valuable methods for approaching quasi-synchronous computer-mediated communication.
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Bex-Priestley, Graham. "Higher-order expressivism : the dyadic nature of moral judgement." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22540/.
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Moral judgements have a dyadic nature. Normally we experience some pressure to act in line with our moral judgements, even if it's regularly overcome by fear, selfishness, laziness, or other forces. This is evidence that moral judgements are desire-like, as expressivists contend. On the other hand, moral judgements also have the features of beliefs. They can be true or false, as cognitivists maintain, and justified and reasoned about in the way other beliefs are. Rather than deny one of these two aspects, this thesis is ultimately a defence of higher-order expressivism according to which moral judgements are hybrid mental states composed of beliefs and desires. However, only two of the chapters (2 and 3) contain arguments in favour of this specific kind of expressivism. The first chapter - What is Expressivism? - argues for a general characterisation that will be useful for friends and foes alike, and the final two chapters address problems that are common to all expressivists. After we find out what expressivism is, I turn to the problems with pure versions according to which moral judgements are only desire-like states. I argue in chapter 2, The Problem with Purity, that pure expressivists are unlikely to be able to solve the Frege-Geach problem but higher-order (and other hybrid) expressivists can. In chapter 3, Metaphysics for Expressivists, I make a case for the inescapability of metaphysics even on the expressivist picture, which puts more pressure on pure versions of expressivism. I then show why higher-order expressivists must think moral properties are reducible to bog-standard descriptive ones. I end by arguing that this expressivist take on moral naturalism is better than cognitivist versions of naturalism. Chapter 4 is about how to understand moral disagreement. If moral judgements are desire-like, why does it make sense to say that two people morally disagree? I propose An Assertoric Theory of Disagreement whereby people express disagreement by asserting inconsistent things (and the problem of inconsistency is addressed in chapter 2). Finally, chapter 5, Error and the Limits of Quasi-Realism, is about how to understand the thought that our moral beliefs might be mistaken. I defend the standard expressivist construal of it being a case of thinking we might change our minds after we've gathered more evidence, cohered our beliefs and generally improved our epistemic situation. I then argue this yields a transcendental argument against scepticism: it tells us that it is incoherent to believe we might be utterly unable to access the moral truth. The upshot is that expressivists cannot "mimic" realism completely, but if this simply means that our door is closed to radical scepticism whereas theirs is open, this is all the better for expressivism.
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Fakhro, Elham. "Belgrave's quest for moral order in Bahrain, 1926-1957." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e721f4e9-fdcf-4a64-a113-6f5790371a1a.
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This thesis examines how colonial decision-makers in Bahrain restricted, regulated and controlled the consumption of alcohol and practice of prostitution as immoral activities. It analyzes these activities as visible sites for understanding how colonial decision-makers relied on the Law to enforce a distinct moral authority in Bahrain, and reflects on the political imperatives behind these regulatory projects. It shows how colonial actors justified moral regulations as necessary to protect local custom, and saw their ability to be seen as protecting customary values as intimately tied to their political legitimacy in Bahrain. The thesis further identifies the impact of moral regulation in constituting and reinforcing a hierarchal social order, which posited Western nationals as the ultimate benefactors of social privilege. The thesis places the project of moral regulation in its historic context, and identifies it as a response to social and demographic changes taking place in Bahrain following two transformative events: the discovery of oil in 1932, and the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939. It describes the impact of these events in driving an influx of British and American oil workers and military servicemen to Bahrain, many of whom engaged in visible displays of drunkenness and debauchery. It shows how colonial officials responsible for exercising authority over Bahrain viewed these trends with alarm, as likely to spur a broader process of social decline, and ultimately bring about challenges to Britain's political legitimacy in Bahrain. The thesis analyzes the regulatory responses enacted by colonial decision-makers to limit the spread of these corrupting recreational habits, in the context of a transforming urban environment. In liquor-control, it shows how colonial actors created and enforced a liquor-licensing system, which prohibited Bahraini nationals, Muslims, and most non-Muslim Arabs from purchasing and consuming liquor, while ensuring this privilege remained available to a minority group of mostly British and American nationals. It locates a second site of moral regulation laws governing prostitution. In this area, the thesis describes how colonial officials regulated and restricted prostitution as an undesirable activity, including by confining the practice to a geographic zone, subjecting prostitute women to mandatory health screenings, and justifying these actions as necessary to curb an epidemic of venereal diseases.
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Pietila, Minna Taija Maaria. "The moral order of suicide : family talk about bereavement." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396044.
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I examined here how parents and children (N= 16) constructed moral order from their family member's suicide and their own bereavement in their interview talk. I employed a version of membership categorisation device (MCD) analysis to analyse qualitative data in which the interviewees interpreted notions of 'the family', 'suicide' and 'bereavement' by categorising their rights and obligations in the situation. Phenomena and talk always occur in a historical and cultural context, and people use socially sensible explanatory frameworks also to deal with their own life events. The method of MCD examines the way in which people make sense of phenomena by attaching to categories assumptions about their characteristics. This produces descriptions of things that 'go together well', as well as of those which do not. When combined into larger collections (MCDs), these categorisations become such culturally and historically comprehensible social constructions as 'the Western nuclear family'. In my data, parents and children analysed their (respective) family member's suicide and their own bereavement by talking about, for example, their feelings of 'guilt' and 'abandonment'. In doing this, besides referring to their psychological 'inner emotional experiences', they created moral orders by allocating responsibilities and rights to the different parties involved. The interviewees constructed concepts of 'the family', 'suicide' and 'bereavement' which implied a contradiction between the highly idealised Western image of a 'caring and sharing' family unit and the separate, selfsufficient individual, describing their own family's efforts and inability to understand and help each other. From this tension between ideals and reality in the dominant moral Western family discourse emerged the interviewees' production of moral adequacy in their suicide bereavement talk. The study offers useful insights to sociological research concerning people's 'lived experience', as well as to bereavement study and work where their experiences are often understood exclusively as individuals' inner sensations.
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Papaioannou, Theodoros. "The moral dimension of Hayek's political theory." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390829.
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This thesis provides an 'immanent' critique of the moral dimension of Hayek's political theory. The concept of morality that Hayek advances is epistemologically founded. That concept is concerned with the recognition and respect of the natural limits of human knowledge and is incompatible with the idea of objective value judgement. The moral dimension of Hayek's theory is based on the methodological implications of his epistemologically founded concept of morality. That dimension consists of the ideas of social spontaneity and cultural evolution and is incompatible with any concept of objective liberal values. The moral dimension of Hayek's theory excludes but also requires substantive politics. The moral exclusion of substantive politics' undermines freedom and equality in catallaxy while, at the same time, it relativises commutative justice and legitimates the minimal state only from the point of view of its legality. Substantive politics is morally required for preserving and promoting institutions such as catallaxy and commutative justice in terms of liberalism. It is argued that the moral exclusion of substantive politics is due to the epistemological premises of Hayek's theory. Those premises form the praxeological presuppositions of social spontaneity and cultural evolution. In terms of them, substantive politics cannot be morally explained. Substantive politics is grounded on a normative/evaluative conception of a social good. That conception depends on critical reason in terms of which objective liberal values can be "recognised and respected. The moral requirement of substantive politics is due to the fact that the process of social spontaneity and cultural evolution cannot by itself be safeguarded against coercion, inequality and injustice.
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Johansson, Marcus. "Trollbridge : Order effects, and moral dilemmas with three choice alternatives." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-110105.
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Research about morality heavily relies on using questionnaires and moral dilemmas when answering different research questions. Despite this very little focus has been put on how the order of presentation alters response frequencies. A test was put forth to test if there is any effect based on order of presentation, and despite that it has been found before, no such effects were found. Why no order effects were found here are not clear, but it shows that it is something that needs to be controlled for in research on moral dilemmas. Secondly, in moral research a lot of focus is put on moral principles to use as explanation for whole groups of respondents, such as deontology, utilitarianism and the DDE. To see if these are strong indicators of what humans will do in these moral dilemmas, two versions of the trolley and footbridge dilemma was put together, where all three response alternatives were presented at once, that is push the stranger, pull the switch or do nothing. In one of these conditions one person are on the side tracks in the switch condition, and in the second three workers are on the side tracks. It was found that although individuals motivate their actions in line with utility and the DDE, less people decide to act when three alternatives are presented. This shows that people are not consistent with their moral evaluation, and that it might be hard to predict what one will do in these situations.
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Hart, Albert F. "Habermas : communicative reason and the moral realization of a normative order." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75919.
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Habermas rejects a class-specific approach to social analysis and political practice and, in renewing the social theory of Marx, he turns primarily to a reconstruction of the work of Max Weber. The conceptualization of society is approached from the interrelated themes of rationalization, bureaucratization and reification. But Habermas seeks to overcome the instrumentalist implications of Weber's one-sided view of rationalization and related rejection of a cognitivist ethics by an expanded framework of rationality that introduces the concept of communicative action and, with it, the promise of clarifying the normative foundations of a critical theory of society.<br>Against contrary views of Habermas' overriding purpose this thesis shows the major strands of his theoretical programme to have their unifying interconnections within an enduring commitment to a rational morally guided practice. Critically vulnerable aspects of this programme, however, suggest that the unity of theory and practice will prove to be as elusive for him as it was for his Marxist predecessors.
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Drake, M. S. "Problematics of military power : government, discipline and the subject of violence." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266734.
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VASCONCELOS, DAVI ROMERO DE. "FIRST-ORDER MODAL LOGIC FOR REASONING ABOUT GAMES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=10082@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>O termo jogo tem sido utilizado como uma metáfora, em
várias áreas
do conhecimento, para modelar e analisar situações onde
agentes(jogadores)
interagem em ambientes compartilhados para a realização de
seus objetivos sejam eles individuais ou coletivos.
Existem diversos modelos propostos
para jogos por diferentes áreas do conhecimento, tais como
matemática,
ciência da computação, ciência política e social, entre
outras. Dentre as
diversas formas de modelar jogos examinamos a Teoria dos
Jogos e as
lógicas para jogos. Neste trabalho
apresentamos uma lógica modal de
primeira-ordem baseada na lógica CTL, chamada de Game
Analysis nalysis Logic,
para raciocinar sobre jogos. Relacionamos os principais
modelos da Teoria dos Jogos (jogo estratégico,
extensivo, e de coalizão) e seus principais
conceitos de soluções(equilíbrio de Nash, equilíbrio de
subjogo perfeito,e core) aos modelos de GAL e às
fórmulas de GAL, respectivamente.
Além disso, estudamos as alternativas de quantificação De
Re e De Dicto
no contexto dos jogos extensivos, caracterizando o
conceito de equilíbrio
de Nash e equilíbrio de subjogo perfeito de acordo com as
alternativas
de quantificação. Relacionamos as lógicas Alternating-time
lternating-Tempomporal Logic (A ATL) TL) e Coalitional
Game Logic (CGL) com a lógica GAL, demonstrando
que ambas as lógicas são fragmentos da lógica GAL. Outro
resultado
deste trabalho é caracterizar uma classe de sistemas multi-
agentes,que é
baseada na arquitetura de agentes Belief-Desir Desire-
Intention(BDI), para a
qual existem jogos extensivos e vice-v versa. Como
conseqüência, os critérios
de racionalidade da Teoria dos Jogos podem ser aplicados
diretamente para
agentes BDI e vice-versa. Assim, a abordagem deste
trabalho pode ser
utilizada para analisar sistemas multi-agentes. Do ponto
de vista prático,
apresentamos um verificador de modelos para a lógica GAL.
Diversos estudos de casos são realizados utilizando o
verificador de modelos.<br>Games are abstract models of decision-making in which
decision-makers(players)interact in a shared environment
to accomplish their
goals. Several models have been proposed to analyze a wide
variety of
applications in many disciplines such as mathematics,
computer science
and even political and social sciences among others. In
this
work, we focus
on Game Theory and Game Logics. We present a first-order
modal logic
based on CTL, namely Game Analysis Logic (GAL), to
model
and reason
about out games. The standard models of Game Theory
(strategic games,
extensiv games and coalition games) as well as their
solution concepts
(Nash equilibrium, subgame perfect equilibrium and co
re),respectively, are
express as models dels of GAL and formulas of GAL.
Moreover, we study the
alternatives of De Re and De Dicto quantification in the
context of extensive
games. We also show that two of the most representative
game logics,
namely Alternating-time lternating-Temp empor oral Logic
(A ATL) TL) and Coalitional Game Logic
(CGL), are fragments of GAL. We also characterize
haracterize a class of multi-agent
systems, which is based on the architecture Belief-Desire-
Intention (BDI),
for which there is a somehow equivalent class of games and
vice-versa. As
a consequence, criteria of rationality for agents can be
directly applied to
players and vice-versa. Game analysis formal tools can be
applied to MAS as
well. From a practical poin of view, we provide and
develop a model-checker for GAL. In addition, we perform
case studies using our prototype.
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Neves, Alessandra Teodoro. "Aplicação dos modelos paramétricos ARMAV e ARV na identificação modal de sistemas mecânicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18135/tde-17012011-111718/.
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A análise modal experimental tem contribuído de forma decisiva para caracterização e solução de problemas de engenharia, relacionados à vibração estrutural. Uma das áreas fundamentais da análise modal experimental é a identificação de sistemas, cujo objetivo é determinar as propriedades dinâmicas de uma estrutura, descritas através das freqüências naturais, fatores de amortecimento e modos de vibrar do sistema em análise. Neste trabalho é realizado um estudo sobre as técnicas paramétricas de identificação de sistemas no domínio do tempo utilizando o modelo auto-regressivo de média móvel vetorial (ARMAV) e o modelo auto-regressivo vetorial (ARV). Em ambos os modelos, os procedimentos de identificação dos parâmetros auto-regressivos, responsáveis pela dinâmica do sistema, são estimados utilizando a aproximação dos mínimos quadrados. A partir desses coeficientes um modelo em espaço de estado do sistema é construído, a fim de estimar os parâmetros modais do sistema dinâmico. A ordem do modelo ARMAV, necessária para determinar as características dinâmicas do sistema, é estimada através do critério de informação Bayesiana (BIC). Para o caso do procedimento baseado no modelo ARV, onde apenas as respostas do sistema são consideradas no processo de identificação, uma nova técnica é proposta para solucionar o problema da identificação da ordem do modelo dinâmico. Essa técnica, baseada na estabilidade das freqüências naturais estimadas em várias identificações, contribuiu também para automação do procedimento de identificação. O desempenho dos algoritmos de identificação utilizando o modelo ARMAV, e o modelo ARV juntamente com a nova metodologia desenvolvida, é verificado através de aplicações a dados provenientes de simulações numéricas e de um ensaio experimental realizado em uma placa de alumínio.<br>The experimental modal analysis has contribued in a decisive way to characterization and solution of engineering problems, related to structural vibration. One of the fundamental areas of the experimental modal analysis is the mechanical systems identification, whose objective is to identify the dynamic properties of a structure, described through the natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode shapes of the system in analysis. In this work a study is accomplished on the parametric techniques of systems identification in time domain using the Auto-Regressive Moving Average Vector (ARMAV) and the Auto-Regressive Vector (ARV) models. In these models, the procedures of the auto-regressive parameters identification that describes the dynamics of the system are estimated using the least square approach. Trough these coefficients a model in state space is built, in order to identify the modal parameters of the dynamic system. The order of the ARMAV model, necessary to determine the dynamic characteristics of the system, is estimated through Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). For the procedure based on the model ARV, where only the system responses are considered in the identification process, a new technique is proposed to solve the identification problem of the order of the dynamic model. This technique, based on the stability of the natural frequencies in several identifications, also contributed to automation of the identification procedure. The performance of these identification algorithms using the ARMAV model, and the ARV model together with the new developed methodology, is verified using data from numerical simulations and from an experimental test accomplished in an aluminum plate.
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Houston, Graham Richard. "Virtual morality : virtual reality, human values and christian ethics in postmodernity." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1280.
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Bruse, Florian [Verfasser]. "Extremal fixpoints for higher-order modal logic / Florian Bruse." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1220854093/34.
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Varghese, Mathew 1973. "Reduced-order modeling of MEMS using modal basis functions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8342.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, February 2002.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-84).<br>The field of MEMS has matured significantly over the last two decades increasing in both complexity and level of integration. To keep up with the demands placed by these changes requires the development of computer-aided design and modeling tools (CAD/CAM) that enable designers to reduce the time and cost it takes to produce working prototypes. An ideal scenario is one in which a designer is able to quickly model and simulate an entire microsystem - sensors, actuators and electronics -- with the certainty that their results will match that of physical prototypes. This vision of design requires the existence of system level models of MEMS devices that can capture the complex non-linear coupling between multiple physical domains, yet be sufficiently fast and compact in form to insert into a system dynamics simulator. In this thesis I explore techniques of automatically constructing such models from meshed representations of device geometry. These dynamical models are known as "reduced-order" models or "macromodels." They are characterized by few degrees of freedom (DOF), and a small set of state equations. Our process for constructing macromodels is built upon two well-established methodologies - normal mode superposition and Lagrangian mechanics. This is referred to as the "CHURN process" and was originally developed by Gabbay et al. to create models of electromechanical devices with two electrodes under conditions satisfying linear mechanics.<br>(cont.) In this thesis I significantly extend this process to model multi-port magnetostatic devices, multi-port electrostatic devices, and geometrically non-linear mechanical devices exhibiting stress stiffening. I also address one of the key concerns in building macromodels -- the required degree of sophistication, and the extent of involvement, of a designer in the model construction process. I propose and implement several heuristic techniques that automate the model generation process. I also apply these techniques to a fabricated microelectromechanical high frequency filter and present verification of our modeling results.<br>by Matthew Varghese.<br>Ph.D.
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Mathis, Allen MATHIS. "Modal analysis of electric motors using reduced-order modeling." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1462898318.
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Lau, Sau-kam, and 劉秀琴. "An exploratory study of the moral reasoning of young offenders on probation order." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31248160.
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Painter, D., and Catriona Macleod. "The new moral order and racism in South Africa post 11 September 2001." Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006266.
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In this paper we argue that globalisation imposes on ‘developing’ countries more than an economic order; they find themselves with the moral imperative to align themselves with the West against its Others, increasingly portrayed as Islamic fundamentalists. The 11 September terror attacks in the United States of America have pushed this process to a new level, with the attacks represented as no less than a barbaric attack on ‘civilisation’. Through an analysis of a newspaper article reporting on the disciplining of a Muslim woman in for wearing an Osama Bin Laden t-shirt to work in South Africa, we indicate how this moral representation of the 11 September events and the Islamic Other have unique local effects. In South Africa it creates yet more possibilities for racialising practices to continue without being framed in explicitly racial terms. We further reflect on the implications of these events, and the complex interplay of the global and the local they demonstrate, for critical psychology in South Africa.
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Middleton, Raymond P. "Narratives of Troubled Journeys: Personality disorder and the medicalisation of moral dilemmas." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17388.
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This thesis examines the interaction of the medical and moral in the historical evolution of “personality disorder” starting with the relationship between Prichard’s (1835) diagnosis of “Moral Insanity” and an anti-modern religious text (Hancock, 1824) describing disorder of the moral faculty. Moral insanity is traced through to Psychopathic Personalities and the military’s Medical 203 to Personality Disorder in DSM I (1952) through to DSM 5 (2013). The extent to which DSM medicalises everyday moral categories is examined by building on the works of writers theorising moral orders and moral selves, such as Harré (1993), Bakhtin (1981, 1984, 1986) and Taylor (1989). This thesis moves from macro-level concerns to the micro-level using dialogical narrative methodology (Sullivan, 2012) alongside Bakhtin’s conceptual tools to examine how medical and personal narratives of "Personality Disorder" interact in lived experience by analysing a triangulation of my psychiatric clinical notes, contemporary diary entries and an autobiographical account. An analysis is undertaken of several diverse autobiographical accounts of ‘successful’ recovery from mental health crisis already available in the public sphere. Consideration was given to how concepts developed throughout this study might be used in future work, concepts such as “dialogical search for a new narrative”, the dialogical ethics of “habitual excess and insufficiency” and “authoritative narrators”. This thesis’s originality is in linking DSM 5’s diagnosis of personality disorder to anti-modern moral discourses on disorder of the moral faculty, and in revealing complex genre relationships between literal/medical and literary/moral understandings of emotional and mental crisis and recovery.
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Riddles, Alton. "Fear of crime, place and the moral order: A secondary analysis of gated communities." University of Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7837.
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Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS)<br>This study will use secondary data analysis of academic articles to study the topic under question. Much has been written on fear of crime from a quantitative and to a lesser extent qualitative approach (Burgess and Doran 2012) but little attention has been on this fear as an emotion from an interpretive sociological approach. The approach to emotions employed in this study will draw on Hochschild’s (1983) notion that emotions have signal functions and that emotions constitute a sense just like hearing and seeing, and in her estimation the most important one. Briefly stated, fear (of crime) signals to the person experiencing the emotion that something is worth being wary of; this in turn is based on expectations –and assumptions– of what a safe and orderly situation/environment or person is.
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Yeh, Eluen Ann. "Comprehensive care : shaping the moral order in a Japanese institute for the treatment of epilepsy." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22504.
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This thesis is about how medical knowledge is constructed by staff for patients and their families in a Japanese 'comprehensive care' facility for the treatment of epilepsy (the JEC). The thesis sets out to explain the possible reasons for differences between the number of surgeries of epilepsy performed at the JEC and the number performed in a Canadian institute. I will argue in the thesis that the fundamental difference between the two institutes lies in cross cultural and cross institutional differences in the uses and interpretations of the polysemic phrases 'comprehensive care' and 'quality of life'. They are ideological constructs embedded in a social process of knowledge production. Uncritical acceptance of these institutional objectives has significant ideological consequences in that it (1) justifies the unequal distribution of services, (2) legitimates the treatment program's objectives, and (3) masks the social relations out of which authoritative knowledge about epilepsy at the JEC is produced.
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Watson, Peter Anthony. "Anarchy, order, and the politics of moral theology : censuring the French confessional right, 1924-1934." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271054.
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Fritz, Peter. "Intensional type theory for higher-order contingentism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b9415266-ad21-494a-9a78-17d2395eb8dd.
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Things could have been different, but could it also have been different what things there are? It is natural to think so, since I could have failed to be born, and it is natural to think that I would then not have been anything. But what about entities like propositions, properties and relations? Had I not been anything, would there have been the property of being me? In this thesis, I formally develop and assess views according to which it is both contingent what individuals there are and contingent what propositions, properties and relations there are. I end up rejecting these views, and conclude that even if it is contingent what individuals there are, it is necessary what propositions, properties and relations there are. Call the view that it is contingent what individuals there are first-order contingentism, and the view that it is contingent what propositions, properties and relations there are higher-order contingentism. I bring together the three major contributions to the literature on higher-order contingentism, which have been developed largely independently of each other, by Kit Fine, Robert Stalnaker, and Timothy Williamson. I show that a version of Stalnaker's approach to higher-order contingentism was already explored in much more technical detail by Fine, and that it stands up well to the major challenges against higher-order contingentism posed by Williamson. I further show that once a mistake in Stalnaker's development is corrected, each of his models of contingently existing propositions corresponds to the propositional fragment of one of Fine's more general models of contingently existing propositions, properties and relations, and vice versa. I also show that Stalnaker's theory of contingently existing propositions is in tension with his own theory of counterfactuals, but not with one of the main competing theories, proposed by David Lewis. Finally, I connect higher-order contingentism to expressive power arguments against first-order contingentism. I argue that there are intelligible distinctions we draw with talk about "possible things", such as the claim that there are uncountably many possible stars. Since first-order contingentists hold that there are no possible stars apart from the actual stars, they face the challenge of paraphrasing such talk. I show that even in an infinitary higher-order modal logic, the claim that there are uncountably many possible stars can only be paraphrased if higher-order contingentism is false. I therefore conclude that even if first-order contingentism is true, higher-order contingentism is false.
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OLIVEIRA, CAROLINA VALENTE DE. "POLICE PRACTICE AND MORAL ORDER: A STUDY OF RESIDENTS-POLICE RELATIONSHIP IN A PEACE PROCESS COMMUNITY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=27400@1.
Full textAbstract:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO<br>Este trabalho tem como foco as relações entre polícia-cidadão em uma
comunidade em processo de pacificação. À luz de uma abordagem
etnometodológica, buscou-se investigar como o conhecimento organizado em torno
da categoria policial orientou a descrição que os moradores fazem daqueles que são
membros do que se denomina Polícia Pacificadora. Com base nos conceitos de
categoria de pertença e categorização de pertença, verificamos que o processo de
categorização do policial que atua em uma Unidade de Polícia Pacificadora- UPP
se realizou a partir do que é provido pelo conhecimento de senso comum como
atividades atreladas à categoria de policial. É com base na descrição do que seria
direito e dever do policial que os moradores constroem o significado de bom e mau
policial. Os resultados mostram também que a categorização dos policiais é feita
através de um processo de contraste com outras subcategorias militares e até com a
categoria traficante. Através desse processo, percebe-se que, para os moradores, o
novo modelo de polícia se afasta das expectativas de uma polícia focada no cidadão
e no bem da comunidade, o que leva, em alguns casos, a uma inversão da categoria
de mocinho e bandido.<br>This research focuses on the relationship between police-citizen in a community in peace process. In light of the ethnomethodological approach, we sought to investigate how organized knowledge around the police category guided the description that residents produce in relation to those who are members of what is called Pacification Police. Based on the concepts of membership category and membership categorization, we find that the police categorization process that operates in a Pacifying Police Unit (UPP) was held from what is provided by the common sense knowledge as activities tied to the police category. It is based on the description of rights and duties of the police that the residents build the meaning of a good and a bad police officer. The results also show that the categorization of the police is made by a contrastive process with other military sub-categories and even with the trafficker category. Through this process, it is clear that, for the residents, the new police model departs from the expectations of a police focused on the citizen and on the well-being of the community, which leads, in some cases, a reversal of the good guy category and trafficker category.
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Žiogaitė, Aurelija. "Viešoji tvarka ir moralė kaip pagrindas atsisakyti registruoti Bendrijos prekių ženklą." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20140627_180949-25478.
Full textAbstract:
Kaip jau nurodyta pavadinime, magistro darbe pateikiama viešosios tvarkos ir moralės, kaip pagrindo atsisakyti registruoti Bendrijos prekių ženklą, analizė. Darbas susideda iš dviejų dalių, kurių pirmojoje pateikiama viešosios tvarkos ir moralės sampratų bei teorijų įvairovė, jų tarpusavio ryšys ir santykis su teisės normomis, įvertinamas šio pagrindo santykis su įsitikinimu išraiškos laisve. Antrojoje darbo dalyje pagrindinis dėmesys kreipiamas į tarptautinių, Europos Sąjungos ir nacionalinių institucijų praktiką, nagrinėjant bylas, susijusias su atsisakymu registruoti žymenį, prieštaraujantį viešajai tvarkai ir moralei. Paskutinėje darbo dalyje autorė apibendrina pagrindines prekių ženklų vertinimo gaires ir kriterijus. Tyrimo tikslas yra atskleisti viešosios tvarkos ir moralės sampratų įvairovę ir jų turinio priklausomybę nuo daugelio veiksnių, įvertinti viešosios tvarkos ir moralės apsaugos ir įsitikinimų išraiškos laisvės santykį ir nubrėžti prekių ženklų vertinimo gaires ir kriterijus. Tokiu būdu, įvykdžius šiuos tikslus, darbe pateikiami teoriniai argumentai, paremti teismų praktikos ir bylų analize. Pabaigoje autorė daro išvadą, kad viešosios tvarkos ir moralės apibrėžimas yra reliatyvus ir priklauso nuo daugelio veiksnių, tokių kaip valstybinė ir visuomeninė santvarka, teisės tradicija, papročiai, religija, civilizacijos ir kultūros lygis, šalyje vykstantys įvykiai, visuomenės požiūris, socialinė ir dvasinė aplinka, ir apibendrinamos prekių ženklų vertinimo gairės ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>As already indicated by the title, this master thesis provides the analysis of public order and morality as grounds of refusal to register a Community trade mark. The thesis consists of two parts, the first of which presents various concepts and theories concerning the terms “public order” and “morality”, cohesion between these two terms, and the relationship between law and morals, as well as evaluates the relationship between the protection of public order and morality and the freedom of expression. The second section focuses on the practise of international, European Union and national authorities examining cases regarding refusal to register a mark contrary to public order and morality. Furthermore, in the final part of the paper the author reveals the main guidelines and criteria for trade mark examination. The purpose of this study is to reveal the diversity of concepts of public order and morality and the dependence of their content on many factors, as well as to evaluate the relationship between the protection of public order and morality and the freedom of expression, and to determine the main guidelines and criteria for trademark examination. Thus, by achieving these goals, the thesis provides theoretical arguments backed up by case law and case study. Finally, it is concluded that the definition of public order and morality is relative and depends on many factors, such as political system and social order, legal tradition, customs, religion, civilization and... [to full text]
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Kürschner, Patrick. "Two-sided Eigenvalue Algorithms for Modal Approximation." Master's thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-201001082.
Full textAbstract:
Large scale linear time invariant (LTI) systems arise in many physical and technical fields. An approximation, e.g. with model order reduction techniques, of this large systems is crucial for a cost efficient simulation.
In this thesis we focus on a model order reduction method based on modal approximation, where the LTI system is projected onto the left and right eigenspaces corresponding to the dominant poles of the system. These dominant poles are related to the most dominant parts of the residue expansion of the transfer function and usually form a small subset of the eigenvalues of the system matrices. The computation of this dominant poles can be a formidable task, since they can lie anywhere inside the spectrum and the corresponding left eigenvectors have to be approximated as well.
We investigate the subspace accelerated dominant pole algorithm and the two-sided and alternating Jacobi-Davidson method for this modal truncation approach. These methods can be seen as subspace accelerated versions of certain Rayleigh quotient iterations. Several strategies that admit an efficient computation of several dominant poles of single-input single-output LTI systems are examined.
Since dominant poles can lie in the interior of the spectrum, we discuss also harmonic subspace extraction approaches which might improve the convergence of the methods.
Extentions of the modal approximation approach and the applied eigenvalue solvers to multi-input multi-output are also examined.
The discussed eigenvalue algorithms and the model order reduction approach will be tested for several practically relevant LTI systems.
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Vignon-Belliard, Anne. "L'apport du droit pénal à la moralisation du marché boursier." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020034.
Full textAbstract:
Dans les matières dites techniques, auxquelles se rattachent les règles d'organisation et de fonctionnement du marché boursier, le droit pénal est utilisé comme une discipline accessoire, garantissant l'efficacité de ces réglementations. Cette approche emporte une déformation du droit pénal de fond et un recul de la protection normalement garantie par celui-ci, essentiellement par des atteintes au principe de la légalité criminelle et une instrumentalisation du mécanisme de la responsabilité pénale. Il en résulte que l'apport du droit pénal à la moralisation du marché boursier est limité aux exigences du procès équitable, l'assimilation des sanctions pécuniaires administratives à des peines ayant emporté leur soumission aux principes généraux qui gouvernent la matière pénale. Pourtant, quel que soit le champ de son intervention, le droit pénal demeure porteur de valeurs morales fondamentales. Il ne peut d'ailleurs contribuer à moraliser le marché boursier que dans la mesure où il est normatif. Le recours à la sanction pénale doit dès lors être limité à la répression de la ruse, matérialisée par la création ou l'exploitation d'une situation de déséquilibre entre les individus. Le droit pénal ne doit plus être au service de la régulation des marchés, mais voir son efficacité garantie par celle-ci. Loin d'être étrangère aux préoccupations de concurrence inhérentes au fonctionnement des marchés, cette approche contribuerait à la conciliation de la morale et de l'économie sur ceux-ci<br>In so-called technical subjects which relate to the rules of organisation and operation of the stock market, criminal law is used as an ancillary discipline, ensuring the effectiveness of these regulations. This approach leads to a distortion at the core of criminal law and adecline in the protection which is normally guaranteed by, essentially, violations of the principle of criminal law and a manipulation of the mechanism of criminal responsibility. As a result, the contribution of criminal law to the morality of the stock market is limited to therequirements of fair trial, the balance between administrative sanctions and penalties that have been achieved through abiding to the general principles that govern the criminal.Yet regardless of the scope of its intervention, the criminal law remains with its fundamentalmoral values. It can only contribute to the morality of the stock market by being normative.The use of the criminal sanctions must therefore be limited to the suppression of the ruse, aswitnessed by the creation or operation of a situation of imbalance between individuals. The criminal law should no longer be at the service of the regulation of markets, but see its efficiency guaranteed by it. Far from being foreign to the concerns of competition inherent tothe key components of the markets, this approach would lead to the reconciliation of morality and the economy of the markets themselves
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Kidd, Sarah A. "The search for moral order : the Panic of 1819 and the culture of the early American republic /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3052186.
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Kotzsch, Hans-Christoph [Verfasser], and Hannes [Akademischer Betreuer] Leitgeb. "Topos semantics for higher-order modal logic / Hans-Christoph Kotzsch ; Betreuer: Hannes Leitgeb." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1125883928/34.
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Lu, Yinghua. "The Heart Has Its Own Order: The Phenomenology of Value and Feeling in Confucian Philosophy." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/959.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation proposes a phenomenological investigation into value and feeling in classical and "neo-" Confucianism, particularly in the works of Mencius and Wang Yangming, in light of the German phenomenologist Max Scheler's clarification of human experience and theory of value. The phenomenological method and attitude, which seek essence by resorting to concrete personal and interpersonal experience rather than relying on the presuppositions of conceptual systems, offers a fresh and insightful perspective from which to examine the experiential pattern of morals in Confucian tradition. In order to illustrate how moral feelings and values establish each other, I examine the feeling-value correlations of love, sympathy and ren, shame and righteousness, respect and ritual propriety, and approval and wisdom, developed from Mencius' discussion on four initial moral emotions. This work not only clarifies the optimal experience of moral feelings, but also points out the concrete contents of what Wang Yangming calls the pure knowing of Heavenly principle. This phenomenological presentation of Confucian values, especially as mediated by Wang with some clarification through Scheler's thought, opposes both the dogmatic and relativist conceptions of principle (li) and the abstract interpretations of "pure knowing" (liang zhi) as having no concrete content, and thus it is relevantly applicable in directing our moral lives. The clarification of experience in different traditions is significant for research in both phenomenology and Chinese philosophy, and the experiential analysis made possible by this approach offers greater possibilities for mutual understanding among various cultures in the world.
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Nishida, Pedro Pio Rosa. "Estruturas inteligentes aplicadas ao controle ativo de ruído de alta ordem em dutos." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2012. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/14908.
Full textAbstract:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>In this study the possible use of smart structures for noise control in a higher order acoustic
duct was considered. The best option for this control was the use of axial splitters in the duct
in order to prevent higher order mode propagation. It is possible to perform the active noise
control in each splitter section by using a single channel control system. The use of smart
structures takes advantage of the splitter plate and uses it as the control source, which
substitutes the traditional loudspeakers used in active noise control systems. In order to
evaluate the possibility of the noise control using smart structures, an analytical model of a
thin plate with piezoelectric actuators was built then the acoustic field generated by this
vibrating structure inside of the duct was obtained. However, to obtain the acoustic field
inside an splitted duct, a numerical method such as the Component Mode Synthesis has to
be used. Using the equation of the acoustic field generated in the duct by the plate, it was
possible to obtain the acoustic field inside the splitted duct. After that, the active noise control
simulations for harmonic excitations were performed and the influence of the size of the plate
excited by the PZT actuators was studied. Finally the active control for random noise was
simulated, in which the number of actuators in the plate was changed. In conclusion, it is
possible to say that the smart structures can be used in active noise control of ducts with
splitters and the advantages and disadvantages of the conveyed technique were presented.<br>Neste trabalho, foi estudada a proposta da utilização de estruturas inteligentes para o
controle de ruído em um duto acústico com propagação de modos de alta ordem. A técnica
mais adequada para este controle foi o particionamento do duto a fim de planificar as ondas
que se propagam. Nesta região particionada, é possível realizar o controle ativo de ruído
utilizando apenas um sensor e um atuador para cada lado da partição. A aplicação das
estruturas inteligentes é proposta no sentido de aproveitar a placa particionadora para que,
com a sua vibração, atuará como a fonte secundária necessária para o controle. Para a
avaliação da possibilidade de controle utilizando esta técnica, primeiramente foi modelado o
comportamento de uma placa instrumentada com atuadores piezoelétricos e, em seguida,
obtida a modelagem analítica do campo sonoro gerado por uma estrutura vibrante no interior
de um duto. Porém, a obtenção do campo acústico em um duto particionado não é
facilmente obtido, sendo, então, realizada através da técnica de Síntese Modal de
Componentes. Utilizando as equações do duto excitado por uma estrutura vibrante na
técnica de síntese modal, foi possível obter campo acústico gerado no interior de um duto
particionado. A partir disto, foram realizados simulações de controle ativo de ruído variando
o trecho da placa a ser excitado para tons puros e para ruídos de banda estreita. Nesta
última situação também foi avaliada a influência da quantidade de atuadores instalados.
Concluiu-se deste trabalho que é possível a utilização de estruturas inteligentes no controle
ativo de ruído em dutos particionados, sendo apresentadas suas vantagens e desvantagens.<br>Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
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Zucker, Eve Monique. "Memory and (re)making moral order in the aftermath of violence in a highland Khmer village in Cambodia." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1945/.
Full textAbstract:
This research is about how moral order is (re)made in the wake of cataclysmic violence and dislocation in a village in Cambodia's Southwest. The village locale has been a Khmer Rouge base and battlefield for nearly 30 years between 1970 and 1998. The study, based on fieldwork carried out in 2001-2003, draws together the themes of relatedness, morality and memory to examine the consequences of the violence of the past on present day relations and practices. More precisely, I argue that the experiences of the village in the early days of the revolution, when villagers turned on each other, not only had a devastating impact on the social and moral order at the time they occurred but continue to impair the remaking of moral order today and has impacts on responses to other social changes occurring in recent years. The thesis includes an analysis of both the memory of the violence of the past, including its moral dimensions and relations to other pasts, and an analysis of the means by which relatedness and moral order is re-established through trust, kinship, commensality, shared stories, and village rituals. It also includes a comparison with villages in the neighbouring commune that suffered similar but not identical experiences, arguing that these differing experiences shape present ways of healing and making the future. By addressing these issues, this dissertation will provide a unique case study that contributes to the anthropology of post-violence memory and recovery and the emerging anthropology of morality, as well as make an ethnographic contribution to Cambodian studies.
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Curtis, Katherine. "Sisterhood Articulates a New Definition of Moral Female Identity: Jane Austen's Adaptation of the Eighteenth-Century Tradition." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2213.
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Writing at a moment of ideological crisis between individualism and hierarchical society, Jane Austen asserts a definition of moral behavior and female identity that mediates the two value systems. I argue that Austen most effectively articulates her belief in women s moral autonomy and social responsibility in her novels through her portrayal of sisterhood. Austen reshapes the stereotype of sisters and female friendships as dangerous found in her domestic novel predecessors. While recognizing women s social vulnerability, which endangers female friendship and turns it into a site of competition, Austen urges the morality of selflessly embracing sisterhood anyway. An Austen heroine must overcome sisterly rivalry if she is to achieve the moral strength Austen demands of her. As Mansfield Park (1814) and Pride and Prejudice (1813) demonstrate, such rivalry reveals the flawed morality of both individualism and patrilineal society. I further argue that in these novels sisterhood articulates the internally motivated selflessness Austen makes her moral standard. Sisterhood not only indicates female morality for Austen, it also enables this character. Rejecting Rousseau s proposal of men shaping malleable female minds, Austen pronounces sisters to be the best moral guides. In Northanger Abbey (1818), Austen shows the failure of the man to educate our heroine and the success of his sister. In Sense and Sensibility (1811), Austen pinpoints the source of sisterly education s success in its feminine context of nurture, affection, intimacy, and subtlety. With this portrait of sisterhood, Austen adheres to the moral authority inherent in Burkean philosophy while advocating individual responsibility, not external regulation, to choose selfless behavior. Austen further promotes gender equality by expressing women s moral autonomy, while supporting gender distinctions that privilege femininity. By offering such powerful, complex sister relationships, Austen transforms eighteenth-century literary thought about women, sisters, and morality.<br>M.A.<br>Department of English<br>Arts and Humanities<br>English MA
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Enzinger, Michael F. [Verfasser]. "A Modal Control Approach Based on a Minimum-Order Dynamic Feedback / Michael F Enzinger." Aachen : Shaker, 2007. http://d-nb.info/1164341502/34.
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Pino-Díaz, Fermín Del. "La Historia Natural y Moral de las Indias como género: orden y génesis literaria de la obra de Acosta." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/121888.
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Se considera la historia indiana del P. José de Acosta en un contexto literario, para definir mejor la innovación'genérica' que supone la división canónica de sus informes en naturales y morales. Se sugieren sus orígenes en las consignas monográficas oficiales, emanadas tanto de la Compañía de Jesús como del Consejode Indias, y se señalan algunas características científicas derivadas de las metáforas frecuentes entre lo natural y lo moral, que recorren la obra. Por este recurso literario, la historia de Acosta parece preludiarlos textos etnográficos contemporáneos.
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Inamdar, Sharang. "Estimation of Frequency and Damping of a Rotating System using Mode Enhanced Order Tracking (MEOT) and Virtual Sensor Concept." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1479820429126763.
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Gutierrez, Julian. "On bisimulation and model-checking for concurrent systems with partial order semantics." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5281.
Full textAbstract:
In concurrency theory—the branch of (theoretical) computer science that studies the logical and mathematical foundations of parallel computation—there are two main formal ways of modelling the behaviour of systems where multiple actions or events can happen independently and at the same time: either with interleaving or with partial order semantics. On the one hand, the interleaving semantics approach proposes to reduce concurrency to the nondeterministic, sequential computation of the events the system can perform independently. On the other hand, partial order semantics represent concurrency explicitly by means of an independence relation on the set of events that the system can execute in parallel; following this approach, the so-called ‘true concurrency’ approach, independence or concurrency is a primitive notion rather than a derived concept as in the interleaving framework. Using interleaving or partial order semantics is, however, more than a matter of taste. In fact, choosing one kind of semantics over the other can have important implications—both from theoretical and practical viewpoints—as making such a choice can raise different issues, some of which we investigate here. More specifically, this thesis studies concurrent systems with partial order semantics and focuses on their bisimulation and model-checking problems; the theories and techniques herein apply, in a uniform way, to different classes of Petri nets, event structures, and transition system with independence (TSI) models. Some results of this work are: a number of mu-calculi (in this case, fixpoint extensions of modal logic) that, in certain classes of systems, induce exactly the same identifications as some of the standard bisimulation equivalences used in concurrency. Secondly, the introduction of (infinite) higher-order logic games for bisimulation and for model-checking, where the players of the games are given (local) monadic second-order power on the sets of elements they are allowed to play. And, finally, the formalization of a new order-theoretic concurrent game model that provides a uniform approach to bisimulation and model-checking and bridges some mathematical concepts in order theory with the more operational world of games. In particular, we show that in all cases the logic games for bisimulation and model-checking developed in this thesis are sound and complete, and therefore, also determined—even when considering models of infinite state systems; moreover, these logic games are decidable in the finite case and underpin novel decision procedures for systems verification. Since the mu-calculi and (infinite) logic games studied here generalise well-known fixpoint modal logics as well as game-theoretic decision procedures for analysing concurrent systems with interleaving semantics, this thesis provides some of the groundwork for the design of a logic-based, game-theoretic framework for studying, in a uniform manner, several concurrent systems regardless of whether they have an interleaving or a partial order semantics.
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Schimmel, Noam. "Presidential rhetoric justifying healthcare reform : continuity, change & the contested American moral order and social imaginary from Truman to Obama." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/779/.
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The original contribution to knowledge of my thesis is a comparative historical analysis of the rhetoric used by four Democratic presidents to expand access to and affordability of healthcare. Specifically, the thesis situates Democratic presidential healthcare reform rhetoric in relation to opposing conservative Republican ideologies of limited government and prioritization of negative liberty and their increasing prominence in the post-Reagan era. It examines how the American moral order and social imaginary has evolved and how Democratic presidential healthcare reform rhetoric was both informed by and responded to it. I employ Aristotle’s tripartite categories of ethos, pathos and logos to undertake rhetorical analysis. I illuminate how each president sought to persuade audiences, what rhetorical strategies they used and how they justified their healthcare reform efforts. I pay particular attention to the compromises entailed by the usage of specific strategies and their rhetorical effects. The thesis illustrates how Presidents Harry Truman and Lyndon Baines Johnson contextualized healthcare reform within their broader efforts to secure positive liberty and social and economic rights in the Fair Deal and Great Society, respectively. This is in contrast to Presidents Bill Clinton and Barack Obama who did not advance a comprehensive vision of government guaranteed positive liberty and citizen welfare. Rather, they made arguments for healthcare reform based on pragmatism and economic efficiency and appropriated tropes of conservative rhetoric such as efficiency to critique market failure. They showed deference to the conservative principle of maximizing the role of the private sector in healthcare provision. There is a marked contrast between Truman and Johnson’s explicit expressions of care for economically disadvantaged and working class Americans and Clinton and Obama’s rhetorical elision of these populations, and their focus on the ‘middle class.’ Despite these substantive differences a major continuity in the rhetoric is an enduring appeal to communitarian solidarity.
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Varricchio, Sergio Luis. "Modelagem e análise de redes elétricas e métodos de redução da ordem de modelos dinâmicos de baixa e alta frequência." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/2015.12.T.19569.
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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, 2015.<br>Submitted by Fernanda Percia França (fernandafranca@bce.unb.br) on 2016-02-22T16:12:06Z
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2015_SergioLuisVarricchio.pdf: 4493052 bytes, checksum: 92e5c99c2dd2af1b9316cc7bc12be2ac (MD5)<br>Dois tipos de modelagens propícias para a realização da análise modal de redes elétricas são apresentados neste trabalho: sistemas descritores (SD) e matriz Y(s). Os modelos individuais dos componentes mais importantes da rede elétrica são apresentados. Um novo método, denominado SMDPA (Sequential MIMO Dominant Pole Algorithm), é também desenvolvido para o cálculo sequencial de polos dominantes e matrizes de resíduos associadas de funções de transferência (FTs) multivariáveis (Multiple Inputs Multiple Outputs – MIMO) de sistemas infinitos (que possuem infinitos polos), possibilitando sua análise modal. Sistemas infinitos são fácil e precisamente modelados por matriz Y(s), mas a formulação por SD permite apenas uma representação aproximada (finita) destes sistemas. As dificuldades computacionais em se aproximar sistemas infinitos por finitos são evidenciadas neste trabalho. É mostrado que elas praticamente impossibilitam a aplicação a sistemas infinitos de métodos de análise modal desenvolvidos para sistemas finitos, reforçando a necessidade de métodos como o SMDPA, especialmente desenvolvidos para sistemas infinitos. O conceito de sistemas lineares da série de energia espectral de uma FT, em uma faixa de frequências de interesse, é empregado para a criação de um novo critério de parada para o largamente utilizado método SADPA (Subspace Accelerated Dominant Pole Algorithm), gerando uma nova versão, aqui denominada de enhanced SADPA, mais adequada à construção de modelos de ordem reduzida de sistemas finitos. Finalmente, é apresentado o inédito HMBT (Hybrid Modal-Balanced Truncation Method) para a redução da ordem de modelos, especialmente aplicável à modelagem linear de sistemas (estáveis ou instáveis) para estudos de estabilidade eletromecânica por SD. Este método consiste no uso combinado do enhanced SADPA e do SRBT (Square Root Balanced Truncation Method), superando as desvantagens do uso individual destes métodos e se beneficiando da sinergia do seu uso combinado. O HMBT tem também a vantagem de ser mais simples de usar do que os métodos de redução do tipo baixo posto.<br>Two modeling approaches suitable for the modal analysis of electrical networks are presented in this work: descriptor systems (DS) and Y(s) matrix. The individual models of the most important electrical network components are presented. A new method, named SMDPA (Sequential MIMO Dominant Pole Algorithm), is also developed for the sequential computation of dominant poles and associated residue matrices of multivariable (Multiple Inputs Multiple Outputs – MIMO) transfer functions (TFs) of infinite systems (having an infinite number of poles), which allows its modal analysis. Infinite systems can be easily and accurately represented in the Y(s) matrix formulation but the DS formulation only allows an approximated (finite) representation of these systems. The computational difficulties in approximating infinite systems by finite systems are highlighted in this work. It is shown that these difficulties make practically unfeasible the application to infinite systems of modal analysis methods developed for finite systems, reinforcing the need for developing methods such as SMDPA that are especially designed for infinite systems. The linear system concept of the spectral energy series of a TF, considering a frequency window of interest, is used to develop a new stopping criterion for the widely known Subspace Accelerated Dominant Pole Algorithm - SADPA, yielding a new version of this method, named in this thesis as enhance SADPA, which is more suitable for building reduced order models of finite systems. Finally, the new Hybrid Modal-Balanced Truncation Method - HMBT for model order reduction, specially applied to the linear DS modeling of stable or unstable systems for electromechanical stability studies, is proposed. This method consists of the combined use of the enhanced SADPA and the Square Root Balanced Truncation Method - SRBT methods, overcoming the disadvantages associated with the individual use of these model order reduction methods and benefitting from the synergy of their combined use. This method also has the advantage of being simpler to use than the sparse low rank methods.
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Scherling, Alexander I. "Reduced-Order Reference Models for Adaptive Control of Space Structures." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1199.
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In addition to serving as a brief overview of aspects relevant to reduced-order modeling (in particular balanced-state and modal techniques) as applied to structural finite element models, this work produced tools for visualizing the relationship between the modes of a model and the states of its balanced representation.
Specifically, error contour and mean error plots were developed that provide a designer with frequency response information absent from a typical analysis of a balanced model via its Hankel singular values. The plots were then used to analyze the controllability and observability aspects of finite element models of an illustrative system from a modal perspective -- this aided in the identification of computational artifacts in the models and helped predict points at which to halt the truncation of balanced states.
Balanced reduced-order reference models of the illustrative system were implemented as part of a direct adaptive control algorithm to observe the effectiveness of the models. It was learned that the truncation point selected by observing the mean error plot produced the most satisfactory results overall -- the model closely approximated the dominant modes of the system and eliminated the computational artifacts.
The problem of improving the performance of the system was also considered. The truncated balanced model was recast in modal form so that its damping could be increased, and the settling time decreased by about eighty percent.
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Friborg, Alexandra, and Renée Hultgren. "Jag lydde bara order : Byråkratins strukturella konsekvenser för tillämpningen av ett Individ- och helhetsperspektiv." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Social Work, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-26177.
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<p><p>In this paper, we have studied the consequences of the bureaucratic or-ganizational structure for the individual- and holistic perspective pre-scribed in the Swedish legislation for social work. We have asked what consequences bureaucratic organizational structure in Max Weber’s terms can have for the individual and how it can affect the street level bureaucrats’ work performance. This is a theoretical study using and comparing earlier theoretical and empirical studies. Several organizational aspect of bureaucracy, listed and discussed in this study, makes it more difficult to implement the prescribed individual- and holistic perspective. At the same time it is demonstrated that the very same organizational features gives the street level bureaucrats the tools to an administrative fast and effective process. Bureaucracy can also create loyalty-bonds, demonstrated in this study, which render possible a structure where one closes the eyes to eventual moral dilemmas that may have negative consequences for the client.</p></p>
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Peens, Michelle. "Moral order as necessity and as impossibility : common sense, race and the difficulty of change among four 'poor white' families in Newcastle." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6787.
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Thesis (MA (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The thesis examines the lives of four families in Newcastle, KwaZulu-Natal and what the situation in which these families find themselves tells us about race, poverty and social change in contemporary South Africa by using ethnographic participant observation techniques. Central to the thesis is a concern with contradiction expressed in the entanglement of these four families with a particular moral order. This moral order is the basis of continued material survival, but at the same time, it is not adequate to transform conditions of poverty nor to change feelings of entitlement, making it impossible for these families to imagine their condition as shared with other races. The problem appears to be just about individuals not thinking correctly about their position and about them not seeing how many South Africans are struggling to survive and therefore share similar difficulties. The thesis shows that the difficulties experienced have rather more to do with changing the families' common sense notions. Their common sense is grounded in material realities, in realties of institutions that provide for them but also dictate a particular way of seeing the world, a moral order. Common sense is embedded in the material practices of people, in how they inhabit space and make place for themselves, in how they interact with family, in how they work with the institutions that are the very condition of their survival, and in how they come to understand and judge the past. At the moments when the limits of the moral order become clear, it is then not the moral order that comes into question but rather it is reasserted through explanations based on particular structural changes as contingencies that reinforce the moral order rather than challenge it. It is at these moments that people reassert race since their common sense explanations seem limited.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie proefskrif ondersoek die alledaagse lewens van vier families in Newcastle, KwaZulu-Natal en wat hul situasie ons kan vertel van ras, armoede en sosiale verandering in 'n kontemporêre Suid-Afrika gebasseer op deelnemende waarneming en etnografiese tegnieke. Sentraal tot die proefskrif is 'n fokus op die teenstrydigheid wat voorkom in die verstrengeling van hierdie vier families met 'n bepaalde morele orde. Hierdie morele orde is die grondslag vir voortgesette materiële oorlewing, maar terselfde tyd is dit nie voldoende om die kondisies van armoede te transformeer of om hul gevoelens van geregtigheid te verander nie en maak dit amper onmoonltik vir die families om hulle kondisie as gedeel en gemeenskaplik met ander rasse te sien. Die probleem blyk om meer te wees as net individue wat nie korrek nadink oor hul posisie nie of nie sien hoeveel ander Suid Afrikaners sukkel om 'n bestaan te maak nie en dus soortgelyke probleme ervaar. Die tesis wys dat dit het eerder te doen met 'n verandering in wat die families „weet‟ gebaseer op hulle gesonde verstand (common sense). Hulle gesonde verstand is gegrond in materiële realiteite, die realiteite van instellings wat vir hulle voorsiening maak en gevolglik die spesifieke wyse waarop hulle die wêreld sien dikteer; 'n morele orde. Hulle gesonde verstand is gegrond in die materiële praktyke van mense, in hoe hulle in ruimtes leef en plek maak vir hulself, in hoe hulle omgaan met familie, in hoe hulle te werk gaan met instellings wat die basis is vir hulle oorlewing en in hoe hulle sin maak van die verlede asook dit oordeel. In die oomblike wanneer die grense van die morele orde bereik word, is dit nie die morele orde wat bevraagteken word nie. Die morele orde word eerder gehandhaaf deur regverdigings gebasseer op spesifieke strukturele veranderings wat dit verder versterk, eerder as uitdaag. Dit is in hierdie oomblikke wat mense fokus op ras omdat hulle gesonde verstand se rationalisasies of regverdigings beperk is.