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1
Loo, Tina Merrill. "Making law, order and authority in British Columbia, 1821 - 1871 /." Toronto [u.a.] : Univ. of Toronto Press, 1994. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/273072315.pdf.
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Smith, Donald Myles. "Title to Indian reserves in British Columbia : a critical analysis of order in council 1036." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27356.
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Indian reserves in British Columbia have a unique history. When British Columbia joined Confederation, the Terms of Union required the province to convey reserve lands to Canada in trust, for the use and benefit of the Indians. That constitutional obligation, imposed by the Terms of Union, was not fulfilled until many years after the date of union. It was not until 1929 that a "form of tenure and mode of administration" for all reserves in the province was agreed upon by the two governments. Nine years later, the provincial government passed Order in Council 1036, which conveyed most reserves outside the old Railway Belt to Canada. Pursuant to the 1929 agreement, the reserves which had been established inside the Railway Belt, (a strip of land that had been transferred to Canada in 1884), were to be governed by the same terms and conditions found in Order in Council 1036. Other reserves, which had been established pursuant to treaty Number 8, were not formally transferred until 1961.
The purpose of this thesis is to examine the history leading up to the transfer of reserve lands in British Columbia, and to critically analyze the title which passed pursuant to Order in Council 1036. The examination of Order in Council 1036 includes an analysis of the proprietary rights transferred, such as water and mineral rights. The transfer instrument is analysed in detail in order to determine what rights and interests were passed to the Dominion and what was reserved to the province. Because the reserves in the old Railway Belt share the same terms and conditions, pursuant to Privy Council Order 208, they will also be included in this study. The establishment and transfer of Treaty Eight reserves will not be dealt with here. However, due to the similarities in the transfer instruments, some of the comments and analysis with respect to the other reserves will be applicable to the Treaty Eight reserves.
The Constitution required the province to convey reserve lands to the Dominion. The term "conveyance" is not strictly appropriate to describe a transfer of property rights between levels of Her Majesty's governments. Therefore, certain aspects of Crown title and the transfer of property interests between levels of governemnt are examined herein. It is submitted that, because the Terms of Union required the "conveyance" of Indian reserves, the transaction must be analyzed from a constitutional law perspective.
One of the features of Order in Council 1036 is a reservation by the province of a right to resume up to one-twentieth of any reserve lands. That is a term of the conveyance that continues to concern Indian bands in British Columbia. It is submitted that this condition of the transfer is invalid because it is contrary to the requirements of the Terms of Union. The conveyance should not be construed as a grant of real estate, but rather as a transfer of proprietary interests pursuant to legislation. Order in Council 1036, (and the Federal counterpart, Privy Council Order 208), should be viewed as delegated legislation. It is further submitted that this delegated legislation is ultra vires to the extent that it purports to give the provincial government a power of resumption over Indian reserve lands.Law, Peter A. Allard School of
Graduate
3
Klinka, Karel. "Classification of natural forest communities of coastal British Columbia." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/668.
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Vegetation science, like any science, uses classification to organize knowledge about plants and plant communities. Classification is helpful for understanding how different plant communities relate to one another and their environments, for facilitating further studies of vegetation, and for conservation. To familiarize onself with vegetation of a large area, it is very convenient and efficient to begin with a few general units, such as plant orders rather than with many very detailed units, such as plant associations and subassociation. We offer such an approach and think that the information given in this
series will be sufficient to assign any forested coastal community to one the orders or suborders.
In spite of a history of vegetation studies in British Columbia, there has not yet been any attempt to develop a comprehensive hierarchical classification of plant communities for the province. As the culmination of fifty years of detailed surveys carried out by V.J. Krajina and his students, the Ecology Program Staff of the BC Forest Service, and other workers, we used tabular and multivariate analyses of 3,779 sample plots established in natural, old-growth, submontane, montane, and subalpine forest communities in coastal BC to develop a hierarchy of vegetation units according to the methods of biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification.
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Gregg, Jennifer. "Youth gambling in British Columbia." access full-text online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2003. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?MR15199.
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Pawluk, Lorna A. "Variable compensation in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42048.
Full textAbstract:
This study begins with a review of economic and
industrial relations literature to identify changes to the
workplace that will make industry more productive and
competitive. It identifies the measures necessary for
industry to take advantage of technological development and
to make the workplace more flexible. Specifically it
focuses on variable or flexible compensation plans. After
identifying the key features of various forms of flexible
compensation, it examines approximately 30 plans being used
in British Columbia. The case studies assist in identifying
the advantages and disadvantages of each type of plan, from
the perspectives of the employer, the employees and the
trade union. Finally it suggests steps that can be taken
by government to encourage variable compensation.Law, Peter A. Allard School of
Graduate
6
Perry, Adele. "Gender race, and the making of colonial society British Columbia, 1858-1871 /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq27317.pdf.
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Feick, Jenny L. "Evaluating ecosystem management in the Columbia Mountains of British Columbia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0020/NQ54777.pdf.
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Wallace, Bruce Barclay. "Community dental clinics in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43434.
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Objectives: Oral health inequities are prevalent but little is known on how to respond. In British Columbia (B.C.) there has been a rapid expansion of local responses to the inequities as communities and dental professionals cooperate to operate community dental clinics (CDCs). The purpose of this research has been to explore how the clinics evolved and how they operate from the perspective of participants in B.C.
Methods: Three studies were conducted: #1 to understand the problems of access to dentistry using a case study that included 60 interviews with low-income people (N=41), dentists (N=6), and other healthcare or social service-providers (N=13); #2 to investigate the expansion of CDCs in B.C. by interviewing 63 people who helped to establish or operate the clinics; and #3 to study five clinics through aaggregated data from treatment, procedural, and financial data combined with explanatory information from interviews with eight staff members.
Results: I identified two models of CDCs emerging in B.C,: volunteer-charitable (VC) clinics offering free services primarily to relieve pain; and, not-for-profit (NFP) clinics operating mostly full-time within community health centres employing paid staff to provide a wide range of basic dental treatments. Not all clinics are providing equitable standards of care to underserved populations, and they all operate with major concerns about financial sustainability. The NFP model seems to improve access to underserved populations by integrating primary or basic dental services with other health care and community social services.
Conclusions: Expansion of CDCs in B.C. has been rapid to meet a growing societal concern. They all operate with some success on the principles of health-equity but with concerns for the limits of charity, the sustainability of NFP operations, and their overall limited capacity to address the level of unmet needs. However, the NFP model within the context of CDCs seems to be most effective.
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Lack, Kathryn Joanne. "Agri-tourism development in British Columbia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24176.pdf.
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Geertsema, Marten. "Hydrogeomorphic hazards in northern British Columbia /." Utrecht : Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 2006. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0702/2006436745.html.
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Olivotto, Giuseppe Gerrard. "Finance for silviculture in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26510.
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Government funding for silviculture in British Columbia has expanded recently, but remains well short of the level recommended by many foresters. This thesis contains a proposal to replace government funding with investment from capital markets. It describes the funding mechanism, analyzes the implications to government, and introduces a method of distributing investment funds through a system of competitive bidding between forest management companies. In return for their participation, investors and forest companies would both receive equity in future timber production. The thesis concludes that at a cost of foregoing 50% of its future stumpage revenue, government might replace its current spending on intensive forest management with a funding level from capital markets of $500 million to $800 million per year.Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
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Smith, Margaret Anne. "Home parenteral nutrition in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26536.
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Parenteral nutrition is a therapy that supplies patients with all their nutritional requirements intravenously, thus eliminating the need for oral alimentation. The therapy was first introduced in the United States to hospitalized patients in the late 1960's. The benefit of long-term parenteral nutrition was soon recognized, and a program for ambulatory or home parenteral nutrition (HPN) was developed. In British Columbia, the first HPN patient was begun on such therapy in 1972. Since then, more than 50 British Columbians have received HPN. In March 1986, there were 24 patients on the program. The average annual cost per patient was $29,278 and the total 1986 operating budget was $702,660, not including costs for equipment or hospital training. Up to now, there has been no analytical assessment of the HPN program in B.C.
This thesis describes the current home parenteral nutrition situation in B.C. and makes recommendations for its improvement. It looks at overall clinical outcomes (both physiological and psychosocial), at the results with different subgroups of the population, and at the cost of the HPN program in B.C., and also considers the potential of this therapy for children.
In Chapter 2, the literature is reviewed and organized to cover a general description of HPN therapy, a summary of the results obtained from a number of academic centers, a review of HPN therapy in childhood and the psychosocial issues of concern to HPN patients.
Chapter 3 provides a detailed description of the current HPN situation in
B.C. The study methodology is described in Chapter 4 and the results in Chapter 5. The study is a descriptive analysis. Due to the lack of any obvious control group, a comparative evaluation per se was not possible. However, a Seattle study by Robb, reported in 1983, does allow for some comparison. The main sources of data were:
1. A Patient Questionnaire: The questionnaire was modelled on that used by the Seattle group. 23 B.C. patients, either on HPN at the time of questioning,
or previously on the therapy, were surveyed. 19 (83%) responded.
2. A Health Professional Questionnaire: This questionnaire was compiled especially for and sent to all known health care workers in B.C. in the HPN field. 19 professionals, including physicians, nurses, pharmacists, dieticians, and administrators, were surveyed. 17 responded for a response rate of 89%.
The patient survey provided basic demographic information, a description of HPN therapy received, as well as data on clinical outcomes, both physiological and psychosocial. Results showed that patient age, length of time on HPN, numbers of hours per week devoted to HPN, occupation and place of residence were the most important variables for predicting patient outcomes. Thus, patients that were older, had been on HPN less than one year, or spent more than 80 hours per week preparing and administering HPN solutions, had more physiological complaints and showed interference with more daily activities and personal relationships. Patients who were employed, rated the HPN experience more positively.
Overall, patients found the HPN experience to be a positive one, although this was not true for a small group of patients. Data also indicated that B.C. patients achieved physiological results similar to the Seattle group, and to other centers reported in the literature, but appeared to have more interference with daily activities and personal relationships than did patients from the Seattle study.
The health professional survey indicated that professionals considered the current situation in B.C. to be good with respect to patient training and the complication rate achieved. However, patient follow-up and the psychosocial support provided to patients were rated only fair to poor. These health care professionals cited problems with the program's organization, the need to standardize service to all patients, and the need to provide patients with pre-mixed solutions.
In conclusion, some recommendations are made for improvement in the B.C. HPN program.Medicine, Faculty of
Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of
Graduate
13
Seto, Debbie W. H. "Condominium conversion regulations in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26916.
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The thesis examines the condominium conversion regulations of thirteen municipalities in the Vancouver Metropolitan area to determine how effective they are in addressing the concerns underlying conversion policies. The study begins with a review of the Canadian housing literature over the past two decades in order to identify the nature of Canadian rental housing problems, how these problems are defined and analyzed; and what policy prescriptions are offered. As part of the review of municipal conversion regulations, the legal context and the extent of legislative power for implementing conversion controls by local governments are examined. The study also examines the concept of private property rights--a fundamental philosophical issue in the policy debate over conversion regulations.
Although the literature provides no consensus on the underlying causes or the appropriate policy response, it is clear that there are serious problems with Canada's urban rental housing sector. The problems include persistently low vacancy rates, declining private rental starts and the difficulty experienced by a considerable portion of low- and moderate income renters in affording private rental units. The province of British Columbia provides municipalities with broad discretionary powers to regulate conversions. In spite of the potential to devise comprehensive and innovative policy responses, existing municipal conversion regulations tend to be narrow in scope, inconsistently applied and many contain serious loopholes. A closer examination of recent conversion trends in the City of Vancouver provides evidence to show that conversions continue to take place and that Vancouver's conversion regulations are aimed primarily at ensuring compensation for displaced tenants, rather than effectively protecting the city's rental housing stock.
The thesis concludes that if municipalities are to maintain a diversity of choice in housing tenure, a re-evaluation of conversion policies at both the provincial and municipal levels is warranted. Conversion policies can be improved by combining several approaches such that the strength of one compensates for the weakness of another. Further research is needed in the areas of rental housing demolitions, deconversions, fire and other phenomenon which contribute to the depletion of the rental stock. If wise and informed policy decisions are to be made, the detailed accounting of annual rental housing starts and completions must include those units lost through conversions and other activities.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
14
Sayers, Anthony Michael. "Liberal party activists in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28278.
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The purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyze the nature and role of Liberal Party activists in the political life of British Columbia. As activists are at the central core of political parties, describing these activists is essential for understanding parties and the political process in general.
The description and analysis are based on the results of a survey of the 1987 Liberal leadership Convention conducted by several members of the Political Science Department at the University of British Columbia, including the author. The resulting information was collated and analyzed then compared with the accepted wisdom concerning Liberal supporters in British Columbia.
This thesis reveals the Liberal Party activists in British Columbia to be quite typical of activists found in other parties in Canada. As a result of the party's centre position in the polarized politics of this province, it does tend to attract activists disenchanted with this style of politics. This results in a heterogeneous collection of beliefs amongst activists. The success of the federal Liberal Party and the importance of many federal issues for Liberal Party sympathizers encourages provincial activists to adopt a federal oriented perspective on politics. This is at odds with the two major parties in British Columbia.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
15
Naumann, Curt Marcel. "The Cheam Slide : a study of the interrelationship of rock avalanches and seismicity." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29721.
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It is being increasingly realized that there exists an interrelationship between seismicity and rock slope failures. Possible chronological clustering of rock avalanches in the Fraser River corridor was investigated to determine if a common seismic trigger existed. It was determined that the events occurred throughout the Holocene indicating that either these slides were not seismically triggered or that seismic triggers were chronologically unrelated. Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquakes are believed to have occurred throughout the Holocene (Adams, 1989; Atwater, 1987; Hull, 1987). The ages of the earthquakes were compared to the ages of rock avalanches in the Fraser River corridor, but no distinct correlation could be made.
The lack of distinct correlation between large rock avalanches in Fraser Corridor and paleoseismicity, and the absence of event clustering, indicated either seismicity was not a factor, or that these rock avalanches may not have been susceptible to seismic triggering. A stability study of Cheam Slide was performed to investigate the susceptibility of large rock avalanches to earthquake triggering. The results suggested that the seismic susceptibility of a slope is closely linked to the displacement the slope must undergo for failure to take place. A large critical displacement may render the slope relatively insensitive to seismic triggering, while a low critical displacement may result in high seismic susceptibility.
A comparison was made between the effects of seismic and pore pressure related triggering. The results indicated that a high critical displacement slope, which is close to failure, may be more likely to fail by high pore pressures than by seismic loading. Low critical displacement slopes which are stable enough to surviving hydrodynamic loading may, because of their susceptibility to seismic triggering, pose the greatest hazard.Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
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Daniels, Peter L. "A geography of unemployment in Vancouver CMA." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25375.
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Widespread and persistent high levels of unemployment now appear to be endemic in many "advanced" economies and are commonly recognized as the major socioeconomic problem (with staggering direct and indirect costs on society and individuals) to be confronted by policy and decision-makers in the incipient form of modern Western society. The province of British Columbia (B.C.) in Canada (which contains the principal study area (the Vancouver C.M.A)) lost over six percent of its employed workforce over the two years between July 1982 and July 1984 and currently (in 1985) has the second highest unemployment rate in the nation with levels well above the OEGD average.
This study comprises an attempt to identify the nature and causes of unemployment in 1981 in the major metropolitan area in B.C. (the Vancouver CMA), in addition to an assessment of changes in the characteristics of unemployment during the economic downturn that has vexed the province since 1981. The research methodology is sharply divided into a specific focus on the nature of unemployment, and in particular, the processes underlying intra-urban variations in unemployment rates within the Vancouver CMA on one hand, and a more general analysis of regional trends over the 1970's in one major relevant economic sector (the goods-production industries) on the other. Unfortunately, significant problems are faced in the use of data restricted to the exceptionally low unemployment census year of 1981 and the scope of the investigation is necessarily modest given the complexity of the problem and the resources available.
The urban level analysis is basically a series of tests (including the regression and correlation of aggregated and individual social and spatial data) to ascertain the relevance of the two major hypotheses of intra-urban spatial variations in unemployment The "trapped" hypothesis stresses the role of space as a direct influence on unemployment probability (often as a perceived joint result of confinement to certain housing locations within the city and the suburbanization of industrial employment demand). The alternative hypothesis explains the pattern of unemployment rates in terms of the concentration of unemployment upon workers with certain socioeconomic characteristics who occupy geographically distinct sections of the housing market
From the research results, the role of space in the determination of unemployment probability, within the CMA, appears to be limited. However, there is some evidence that personal characteristics and spatial effects may be simultaneously having some effect on expected unemployment rates and a consideration of spatial separation between labour supply and demand, even within the CMA, may well be important for labour market theory and policy. Hence, the CMA cannot be unequivocally adopted as the appropriate local labour market for all groups of people (divided on the basis of their socioeconomic characteristics and location) in the CMA. The detailed analysis of the personal characteristics of the unemployed has also suggested the high-unemployment probability, in low and high employment demand times, of the lower-skilled and the occupations with the higher proportions of low-skilled workers (generally the manual blue-collar and service occupations!
A preliminary analysis of trends in manufacturing production sector changes throughout the 1970's (at the B.C. regional scale) has been completed as a result of the perceived inadequacy of the urban level focus. Although a resolution on the manufacturing production sector has meant only a partial analysis of employment demand, the goods-production industries have been the central area of focus. This sector has been specifically selected in view of a number of restrictions (including data availability and overall research resource constraints) and in order to test the relevance, in the B.C. context, of some of the processes hypothesized in the literature produced by the prolific radical geographers. Unemployment and production activities are usually important aspects of radical theory on the relation between labour and the restructuring of capitalism.
The empirical research for this second section is essentially a simple comparison of some major structural characteristics of manufacturing production employment and output in 1971 and 1981 at three geographic scales (based on a core-periphery classification) within the province. Although there is little evidence of the processes hypothesized by the radical geography school, the methodological problems faced are prohibitive and conclusions remain tentative. There is, however, a distinctive trend toward the reduced demand for production labour input With continued capital-intensification in the face of international competition and reduced world demand; together with the direct effect of reduced- output' demand in an historical period that appears to involve a rather dramatic redefinition of B.C.'s role in the world economy, the unemployment problem is unlikely to be substantially reduced in the foreseeable future without a major absorption of displaced labour into rapidly growing, labour-intensive service industries. "Full" employment policy in the contemporary mode, will probably be ineffectual in the B.C. setting.Arts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate
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Kimball, Sarah. "Favourability map of British Columbia geothermal resources." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29490.
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British Columbia’s internal demand for power and demand from export operations is increasing the need for power generation in the province. Moreover, the transition to a low carbon economy stipulates that power supply must be from renewable and low emission sources. Geothermal energy offers significant benefits to British Columbia which hosts Canada’s best geothermal resources associated with the Pacific Ring of Fire along the Coast Mountain Range.
The objective of this work was to visualize and compare the spatial distribution of geothermal resources, transmission infrastructure, and power markets in BC. Using ArcGIS, these factors were combined into a map identifying the most favourable regions for geothermal development in the province. Multi-criteria evaluation of 10 evidence layers was completed in a knowledge-driven model. Publicly available data for temperature gradient, heat flow, volcanic centers, geothermometry, hot springs, geology, faults, and earthquake indicators comprised the resource factor map. Evidence layers in the market and infrastructure factor map included: distance to transmission, regional pricing, and population density. Evidence layers were assigned weights based on a judgment of their importance to geothermal favourability using the Analytical Hierarchy Process.
The favourability map builds on the 1992 Geothermal Resources Map of British Columbia by incorporating new data, and applying spatial buffers based on studies from producing geothermal fields from around the world. The research has demonstrated how economic and infrastructure factors can be integrated into the evaluation of a region’s geothermal resources.
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Rothstein, Harley Steven. "Alternative schools in British Columbia, 1960-1975." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0019/NQ46410.pdf.
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Smith, Charleen P. "Regulating prostitution in British Columbia, 1895-1930." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ65055.pdf.
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Smith, Charleen P. "Regulating prostitution in British Columbia, 1895-1930." Ottawa : Library and Archives Canada, 2002. http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ65055.pdf.
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Klinka, Karel, and Christine Chourmouzis. "The mountain hemlock zone of British Columbia." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/761.
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This pamphlet provides a summary of a fuller report also issued under the title: The mountain hemlock zone of British Columbia. It describes both forested and non-forested ecosystems of the Mountain Hemlock (MH) zone of British Columbia (also referred to as the subalpine MH zone, coastal subalpine forest, or coastal mountain hemlock forest). It covers classification, reviews of vegetation regions and environmental relationships, as well as silvicultural and resource management implications.
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Barlee, Kathleen. "Cooperative total archives for Kelowna, British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25709.
Full textAbstract:
Major -factors in the underdevelopment of local archives in the municipality of Kelowna, British Columbia, have been a lack of public and administrative awareness of the value of archival institutions and archival documents, a lack of local political interest in the subject of archives, a lack of federal, provincial and local aid or legislation to facilitate local archival development, and thus, a lack of funding at the community level for archives. There has also been a need for direction from the provincial government in planning effective records management/archival systems for Kelowna, as well as for most other municipalities in British Columbia. To come to a decision on how to overcome these problems it has been necessary to study perspectives on local archives, to analyze the records management/archival relationship, and to be knowledgeable of problems facing local archives in British Columbia.
An interdisciplinary approach has been taken, with literature and primary sources from the archival, museum, library, historical, political science and records management fields being studied. In the archives domain, two major studies, the Symons and the Wilson reports, with their emphasis on federal, provincial and local networking, formed an excellent basis for further investigation. Where they were available, statistics concerning local archives in British Columbia have proven most helpful, as have provincial government reports. The above have been supplemented by letters and questionnaires to provincial and territorial archives, as well as to local municipalities in British Columbia.
Two conclusions have been reached. First, "total archives" that collect both official and unofficial documents in all media, and use systematic records management procedures have become a, Canadian public archives tradition which has the potential to prove a valuable example for smaller municipalities. Secondly, in order to achieve economies of scale, private and public agencies may have to cooperate in joint funding efforts at the local level. By combining public and private endeavours, a new type of archives is created. It is posited that this amalgam, a "cooperative total archives," could become the basis for archival development in the municipality of Kelowna, British Columbia.Arts, Faculty of
Library, Archival and Information Studies (SLAIS), School of
Graduate
23
Baumann, Thomas Ernst. "Season extension for strawberries in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28892.
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The Pacific Northwest is recognized for producing high quality strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.). Unfortunately, these are produced over an extremely short season of no more than 4 weeks. This situation is ideal for the processing market but not the fresh market where an extended season is essential. However, the recently introduced production systems together with the introduction of the day neutral cultivars have the potential to extend the season. The purpose of the present investigations was to examine these systems and the various day neutral cultivars in southwestern British Columbia.
The production systems investigated were the waiting bed and the raised hill row. Both systems involve traditional June-bearing (short day) cultivars planted sequentially, resulting in a harvest season of at least 10 weeks. Among the cultivars tested in the waiting bed system, ‘Rainier’ was the most promising and 'Hood' the least; 'Totem' and ‘Shuksan’ gave intermediate responses. In the hill row 'Rainier' was again the most promising. However, in the second year of both systems, when production occurs in the traditional 4 week time period, 'Totem' was the most promising. Comparing the 2 systems, hill rows were more profitable than waiting beds.
Day neutral cultivars begin flowering approximately one month after planting, and fruiting occurs from June or early July until October. In these investigations, they were grown at various spacings on raised beds, covered with black plastic mulch and trickle irrigated. The most promising cultivars tested were 'Selva' and 'Tribute' and the most promising spacing was 30 cm.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
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Murphy, David G. "The role of organized labour in the network system of industrial governance." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0014/NQ34597.pdf.
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Palsgrove, Regan Jane. "Stratigraphy, sedimentology and coal quality of the Lower Skeena Group, Telkwa Coalfield, Central British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30267.
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The Albian Lower Skeena Group in the Telkwa coalfield comprises more than 500 metres of conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, mudstone and coal deposited during two regressive/transgressive cycles. The stratigraphic sequence is divisible into four lithostratigraphic units. The basal unit, Unit I, may be more than 100 metres thick and comprises conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone, coal, and seat earth. Conglomerate and sandstone are composed dominantly of chert and volcanic rock fragments, and mudstones are kaolinitic. Unit I was deposited in a fluvial environment on an eroded volcanic basement. Gravel and sand were deposited in braided channels and bars, and mudstone accumulated in floodplains. Coal formed in poorly drained, peat-forming backswamps. In the northern part of the study area, coal seams thin and split, a result of periodic flooding of peat swamps with sediment-laden water from nearby streams. Deposition of Unit I ended with a marine transgression and deposition of Unit II.
Unit II consists of up to 140 metres of silty mudstone, bioturbated or cross-bedded, chert and muscovite-rich sandstone, and rare thin coaly mudstones deposited in a deltaic/shallow marine environment. Sand was deposited in distributary channels and mouth-bars, mud accumulated in bays, and thin discontinuous peat beds accumulated in local salt marshes. There is structural evidence for the presence of an unconformity within Unit II, but palynological and paleontological data suggest that the strata are all similarly aged.
Unit III averages 90 metres thick, and comprises bioturbated or rippled, chert and muscovite-rich sandstone, siltstone, carbonaceous mudstone and thick, laterally extensive coal seams deposited in a variety of low-energy, paralic environments. Sand and mud were deposited and biogenically reworked in tidal flats, and siltstone accumulated in a restricted, nearshore marine environment in the eastern edge of the study area. Peat accumulated in freshwater coastal marshes which periodically prograded over tidal flats. All but the lowermost coal seams pinch out eastward into restricted, nearshore marine sediments, and the ash content of the coal increases toward the margin of the seam. Locally, the sulphur content of the coal is high, reflecting occasional inundation of the fresh-water swamps by brackish water. High sulphur coal contains relatively more pyritic sulphur and less organic sulphur, compared to low-sulphur coal.
Unit IV is at least 150 metres thick and is composed of chloritic, green sandstone overlain by silty mudstone, deposited in a marine environment. The basal sandstone is a transgressive lag deposit, and silty mudstone, the predominant lithofacies, was deposited in a nearshore, shallow marine environment.
The provenance of the sediments in the Telkwa coalfield changes from the base to the top of the stratigraphic section. Conglomerate and sandstone of Unit I contain an abundance of volcanic clasts and grains, locally derived from underlying and surrounding volcanic rocks of the Jurassic Hazelton Group, which were uplifted as part of the Skeena Arch and subsequently eroded and reworked. Sandstones of Units II, III and IV, which contain much less volcanic-derived material and an abundance of mica flakes, were derived from high-grade metamorphic rocks in the Omineca Belt. Chert grains are abundant throughout, reflecting continued clastic influx from the Pinchi Belt-Columbian Orogen.Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
26
Courtney, Lyle George. "Education, training, and non-metropolitan development." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0019/NQ56528.pdf.
Full text
27
Frost, Ann C. "Bargaining structure in a decade of environmental change : the case of the B.C. forest products industry." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28710.
Full textAbstract:
The forest products industry is a major part of British Columbia's economy, employing directly or indirectly about twenty percent of the province's workforce; and accounting for a significant percentage of the province's exports and government revenues. Historically, the industry has been characterized by highly centralized bargaining structures and formal pattern bargaining between the two regions, the Interior and the Coast, and between the two main industry sectors, pulp and paper and solid wood. Recent environmental changes however, have put considerable pressure on the current system. Because of these changes employers now desire less centralized structures and more local control over terms of the collective agreement.
Pressures for decentralization have resulted from a combination of world wide trends and industry specific changes. The globalization of markets, increased volatility of currency exchange rates, and the increasing rate of technological change are examples of the former. Industry specific changes include the diversification of products and markets between regions and firms, and two major labour disputes in the 1980s.
These changes however, have had little effect upon bargaining in the forest products industry. Some changes have occurred, but to date they have not been significant. Employers in the province's pulp and paper sector deaccredited
their employer bargaining association in March 1985. Despite this change, bargaining in the last two rounds has been done jointly, as it has been done for the past four decades. The second change noted is the severing of ties between the Pulp Bureau and FIR, the Coastal solid wood employer association. Previously overseen by a common Chairman, these two bodies are now run independently to encourage the separation of bargaining outcomes in the two sectors. The final change of note is the role reversal between the pulp unions and the IWA. For many years it was the IWA who negotiated what would become the industry wide settlement. In the last two rounds of negotiations, however, the pulp unions have settled first.
Despite what appear to be significant environmental changes, there has been relatively little change in bargaining in this industry. Clearly there are forces in the industry's industrial relations system that are preserving the status quo. Several organizational forces and one environmental force are identified which are preventing change in industry bargaining structures. Organizational forces include third party pressures (specifically threats of government intervention), industry tradition and past practice, and the unions' ability to resist unilateral changes in bargaining. The environmental force preventing employers from forcing change in industry bargaining structure is the economic health of product markets in the two sectors. Not until the pressures for change are great enough to overcome these inertial organizational forces will significant change occur
in the bargaining structure and patterns of the B.C. forest products industry.Business, Sauder School of
Graduate
28
Beck, Kirk A. "A decision making model of child abuse reporting." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0021/NQ48604.pdf.
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Davis, Reed. "Modelling the effects of forest disturbances on snow accumulation and ablation in the Okanagan." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Geography, c2012, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3300.
Full textAbstract:
Forest disturbances significantly affect snowmelt dominated watersheds.
Given that snowmelt from mountain regions provides up to 80% of the
annual stream
ow in the North American west, disturbances in these watersheds
will impact water availability for downstream users. This study
used eld data from stand-scale studies to represent forest disturbances in
a hydrological model in order to quantify the potential snow hydrology response
to varying spatial extent of disturbance. The sensitivity of snow accumulation
and ablation response increased with disturbance severity and
extent of disturbance. Results may provide water resource management
with a greater understanding of the potential impact on post-disturbance
snowmelt runo ff.xii, 135 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
30
Dodd, Matthew. "Arsenic speciation studies on some marine invertebrates of British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28664.
Full textAbstract:
Graphite furnace and hydride generation atomic absorption, GFAA and HGAA, techniques have been developed and applied to the determination of arsenic concentrations in some marine invertebrates, mainly bivalves and gastropods, of British Columbia. Total arsenic concentrations in bivalves vary with species, ranging from 0.6-9.1 μg g⁻¹ (wet weight basis). Arsenic concentrations in the bivalve shells show a wider range of 0.1 to 26.3 μg g⁻¹ (dry weight basis). Gastropods show relatively higher arsenic concentrations in the soft tissues, 17.3-48.4 fig μg g⁻¹, and concentrations in the shells range from 1.4 to 16.3 fig μg g⁻¹. There is no correlation between arsenic levels in the soft-tissues and shells. There is also no correlation between arsenic levels in the organisms and the surrounding sediments and sediment pore waters.
HPLC-GFAA techniques have been developed and used for the separation and quantitation of-arsenite, arsenate, methylarsonic acid, dimethylar-sinic acid, arsenobetaine, arsenocholine iodide and tetramethylarsonium iodide. This technique together with TLC, NMR, FAB and thermospray LCMS were employed for the detection of water-soluble arsenic compounds in 5 species of clams - Butter clam Saxidomus giganteus. Horse clam Schizothoerus nuttalli. Soft-shelled clam Mva arenaria. Native-littleneck clam Protothaca staminea and Manila clam Venerupis laponica. Varying amounts of arsenobetaine and tetramethylarsonium ion are found in all the clams. Butter clams show the pres ence of a third compound which appears to be trimethylarsine oxide. Small amounts of unknown arsenic containing compounds are present which are yet to be characterized
.
Arsenic speciation in 3 gastropods was also examined. The Northwest neptune Neptunea lvrata. the Thick-ribbed whelk Berinpius crebriscotata and Phoenician whelk Neptunea phoenicius all contain arsenobetaine and at least two unidentified arsenicals.Science, Faculty of
Chemistry, Department of
Graduate
31
Lancaster, Jill. "Structure of arthropod communities in some saline lakes of central British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24836.
Full textAbstract:
Aquatic arthropods communities were examined with respect to factors determining species distributions and community structure in a series of eight lakes on the Chilcotin Plateau of British Columbia. Climate, altitude, physical location, water temperature and basin shape were similar for all lakes, and although size differed, no evidence was found for the influence of basin morphology on community structure. Salinity and vegetation characteristics differed widely among lakes, so three major processes were investigated: the association of (1) salinity with faunal communities, (2) salinity with floral communities, and (3) faunal with floral communities. These relationships were examined in light of diversity-stability hypotheses.
The severity component of environmental stability was represented by salinity, and mean surface water conductivity ranged from 56 to 13115 μS cm-¹ at 25 °C. Salinity variations among lakes were determined primarily by the ions Na, HCO₃, CO₃, C1 and K.
Two classification schemes (taxonomic and ecological) and several analytical techniques (community parameters and cluster analysis) indicated that the distribution and structure of faunal and floral communities were related to salinity. In total, 84 arthropod taxa and 26 macrophyte species were found and divided into three groups: those characteristic of high salinities (>5000 μS), of moderate or low salinities (<5000 μS), or tolerant of all salinities. Faunal assemblages in all lakes were dominated by filter feeders, and predators were more abundant in saline lakes. Shredders, collectors and predators were found in all the lakes, but saline lakes had fewer size groups. Floating leaved macrophytes occurred only in freshwater lakes, submerged forms were rare in highly saline lakes, and emergent forms were found in all lakes, although they were less abundant at high salinities. Generally, this study supports the hypothesis that saline habitats have less diverse communities than freshwater ones. In all floral and faunal sample sets, increased salinity was accompanied by a decrease in species richness. Virtually all measures of macrophyte community diversity and productivity were inversely correlated with salinity. Faunal subgroups must be examined separately when measures of community structure incorporate relative abundances. Patterns of association observed in the entire faunal community were dictated by the numerically dominant entomostracan subcommunity, and patterns in other subgroups were masked. Zooplankton trophic level diversity increased with decreasing salinity and changes in community composition were analogous to those of eutrophication. In both coleopteran and hemipteran communities, diversity decreased and density increased with increasing salinity. Possible causal mechanisms structuring each community are hypothesized.
Faunal distributions corresponded to their known habitat preferences in terms of macrophyte communities. It was difficult to distinguish between the influence of salinity or macrophyte communities on animal communities as animal communities were often associated with both.Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
32
Hunt, Derek Edward. "Seasonal distribution of herbage growth in the south coastal region of British Columbia in relation to management of grazing livestock." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27965.
Full textAbstract:
The seasonal distribution of herbage growth has particular importance for the management of grazing animals since the major objective of most pasture utilization plans is to provide sufficient feed for continuous grazing for as great a portion of the year as possible. Providing a more even distribution of herbage production has obvious practical advantages. The main objective of this study was to examine the annual growth pattern of herbage in the South Coastal region of British Columbia as affected by cultivars, cutting management and fertilizer management, with the aim of extending herbage production in the fall and increasing herbage availability during the summer months. These investigations were conducted in plot trials at three different sites. Forage quality was also examined at two of these sites. In addition to these plot cutting trials an investigation into the accuracy of a height/density meter (disc meter) was conducted. The disc meter, and other similar non-destructive devices, have great potential as both research and farm management aids.
The first plot cutting trial was conducted at Agassiz, B.C. and examined the productivity of two orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivars, Prairial and Sumas and two perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars, Barlano and Norlea under two cutting regimes (low-infrequent and high-frequent). Annual yields averaged over the three years for low-infrequent (LI) cutting showed significant (P<0.05) differences between cultivars with the following ranking: Prairial (10,644) > Sumas (9,537) > Barlano (8,448) > Norlea (6,666 kg DM/ha). Annual yields averaged over two years for high-frequent (HF) cutting also showed significant (P<0.05) differences between the cultivars with the same ranking: Prairial (9,390) > Suinas (8,625) > Barlano (7,686) > Norlea (5,953 kg DM/ha). The same ranking of cultivars in terms of annual yield was obtained in each harvest year for both LI and HF cutting treatments. Annual herbage yields over the three years of the trial showed considerable variation in response to climatic factors. Average annual yields in 1984 (10,116) and 1986 (10,237 kg DM/ha) were not significantly different (P>0.05). However, yields in 1985 (5,916 kg DM/ha) were significantly (P<0.01) lower than 1984 and 1986 due to a wet, cool spring and exceptionally dry summer. Cutting regime did not have a significant effect on annual yields. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences between average annual yields under HF (7,914) and LI (8,824 kg DM/ha) cutting, nor were there any significant (P>0.05) differences in annual yields between cultivars due to cutting treatments. There was a tendency for LI cutting to produce higher yields than HF cutting for Prairial, Sumas and Barlano with the reverse being true for Norlea. Examination of productivity on a seasonal basis indicated differences in yield due to cutting regime, depending on the season. During the spring LI cutting produced greater yields than HF cutting due to the greater yields obtained from the longer regrowth period and lower cutting height (Reid and MacLusky, 1960; Bland, 1967; Anslow, 1967). However, during the dry summer months the reverse situation was observed with HF cutting producing higher yields than LI cutting. Sucli a reversal in yield is attributable to the dry conditions under which high cutting has been shown to produce more herbage than low culling (Janti and Kramer, 1956; Appadurai and Holmes, 1964). Under LI cutting orchard grass produced 34 and 46% of annual yield in the spring for 1984 and 1985 respectively and 52 and 40% of annual yield in the summer for the same two years. This distribution was changed under HF cutting with 21 and 36% of annual yield produced in the spring for 1984 and 1985 respectively and 65 and 50% of annual yield produced in the summer for the same two years. The situation was similar for perennial ryegrass. Under Ll cutting perennial ryegrass produced 53 and 58% of annual yield in the spring for 1984 and 1985 respectively and 25 and 30% in the summer for the same two years. Distribution of annual yield was more even under HF cutting with 28 and 35% of yield produced in the spring of 1984 and 1985 respectively and 63 and 50% produced in the summer of the same two years. Variation in the distribution of annual production was also evident between orchardgrass and perennial ryegrass. Both orchardgrass cultivars produced a greater portion of their yield during the summer, whereas both perennial ryegrasses produced a greater portion of yield during the spring and early summer. Growth curves were developed for each cultivar for both cutting treatments over all harvest years which indicate the variability in the seasonal distribution of annual yield attributable to climatic factors and which can be varied by cutting management and choice of cultivars.
Another trial conducted at the U.B.C. Research Farm #2, Oyster River, examined the effect of split nitrogen (N) applications on annual and seasonal yields. Under regime I a total of 100 kg N/ha was applied in April. Regimes II, III and IV involved application of a total of 300 kg N/ha at varying times over the growing season. Application of 300 kg N/ha produced significantly (P<0.05) higher annual yields (mean, 10,228) than application of 100 kg N/ha (7,706 kg DM/ha). Annual yields produced under regimes II, III and IV were not significantly (P>0.05) different (10,248, 10,245 and 10,192 kg DM/ha respectively). The seasonal distribution of yield was affected by N application regime. Regime III produced a greater portion of annual yield during August (20.1%) compared to the other three regimes (mean, 13.4%) and application of 100 kg N/ha in August produced significantly (P<0.05) higher yields for regime IV (1,104) compared to the other three regimes (mean, 426 kg DM/ha). The August N application also produced significantly (p<0.05) higher yields in the following spring for regime IV (2,774) than yields obtained for regimes II and III (mean, 1,810) and regime I (1,341 kg DM/ha). Such yield improvements in the spring could have been due to improved root reserves and/or root mass produced from the August N application.
Two other trials conducted at Abbotsford also examined cutting treatments and N application regimes. The cutting trial examined the yields produced by four cutting regimes examining: high-frequent (HF), high-infrequent (HI), low-frequent (LF) and low-infrequent (LI) cutting combinations. Annual yields were significantly (P<0.()5) lower for LF (6,721), HI (6,066) and HF (5,674) cutting regimes than the LI (8,207 kg DM/ha) regime. Low cutting (7,464) produced significantly (P<0.05) greater yields than high cutting (5,870 kg DM/ha) while there were no significant (P>0.05) differences between frequent (6,197) and infrequent cutting (7,137 kg DM/ha). Unlike the Agassiz trial, high cutting produced no yield advantage during the dry summer months due to the exceptionally dry period where growth stopped under all cutting regimes.
The Abbotsford fertilizer trial examined split N application in a similar manner to the Oyster River trial. However, due to the dry summer there was little response to applied N throughout most of the summer and thus little variation in distribution of annual yield. Regimes II, III and IV involved application of a total of 300 kg N/ha and produced significantly (P<0.05) more herbage (mean, 5,584) than the application of 0 N under regime I (3,758 kg DM/ha). Annual yields did not differ significantly (P>0.05) between regimes II, III and IV.
Results from the four cutting trials indicate that the annual and seasonal distribution of yield can be affected by management factors such as variety and cultivar selection, fertilization management and defoliation management.
Forage quality was examined at both the Agassiz and Oyster River sites. Differences in forage quality were noted as a result of year, seasonal, cultivar, fertilization and cutting treatment effects.
Investigations were also conducted to examine the use of a height/density disc meter to measure herbage yield. A significant relationship (P < 0.001) was found between herbage yield and disc height for vegetative growth but more mature growth, with stems and seed heads, yielded a poor relationship. The use and accuracy of the instrument is discussed.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
33
Adams, Ralph S. "Evapotranspiration and surface conductance for a high elevation, grass covered forest clearcut." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28882.
Full textAbstract:
Evapotranspiration from a forest clearcut was measured over two growing seasons as part of a larger study of the microclimate of forest clearcuts and microclimate modification by site preparation. Pinegrass is the dominant species on clearcuts in the dry southern interior and is the major competitor with coniferous seedlings. This paper examines the water use of a pinegrass dominated clearcut and the response of surface conductance to environmental variables.
Evapotranspiration was derived from eddy correlation measurements of sensible heat flux and measurements of net radiation and soil heat flux. 419 hours of daytime energy balance data from the summers of 1987 and 1988 were analyzed. A rearranged form of the Penman-Monteith equation was used to calculate hourly mean surface conductances for the clearcut. Leaf area measurements were used to calculate stomatal conductance from surface conductances.
Stomatal conductance was modelled using boundary-line and non-linear optimization techniques. The most successful model (R² = 0.71) was obtained using non-linear optimization
with stomatal conductance as a non-linear function of saturation deficit at the leaf surface (D₀) and solar irradiance. D₀ was calculated from measured evapotranspiration
and surface conductance. Response of stomata to saturation deficit would be expected to be better correlated to D₀ than D measured at a reference height above the canopy. Stomatal conductance was also modelled as a function of D (measured at 1.3 m) and solar irradiance. The resulting model (R² = 0.50) was poor compared to that based on D₀.
Saturation deficit and temperature were found to be highly correlated both at 1.3 m
above the canopy and at the leaf surface. Use of air temperature in the conductance model caused R² to decrease. No relationship between stomatal conductance and volumetric soil water content was found.
Hourly evapotranspiration rates calculated using modelled surface conductances agreed well with measured rates.(R² = 0.89).
Evapotranspiration was also modelled using the Priestley-Taylor approach. The mean hourly a for all daylight data was found to be 0.81. This simple model was found to give comparable results to the stomatal conductance based model (R² = 0.85).Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
34
Jagpal, Sarjeet Singh. "An oral history of the Sikhs in British Columbia, 1920-1947." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31522.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis recognizes the value of using a variety of perspectives to study the history of an ethnic minority group. The history of some groups is lacking in insider perspectives. I have attempted to add balance to the existing accounts by using an oral history approach to describe the experiences of the Sikhs living in British Columbia from 1920-1947.
I am an insider, a Sikh whose grandfather was one of the original pioneers who came in the first wave of immigration in the 1904-1908 time period. These people are no longer with us, but some of their wives and children are still available to share their history with future generations. I interviewed and recorded 24 individual histories. From these I have formed a composite picture of the Sikh community in British Columbia from 1920-1947.
Beginning with descriptions of social, political and cultural conditions in India and Canada at the time of arrival, we follow them through the important stages of their lives in their adopted land. They describe the journey over, settling in, adaptations, work, social life, the fight for rights, and the role of their temple and religion. We see the events and circumstances that eventually led to the Sikhs being able to call Canada their home. The many photographs, letters and documents give further insights into the lives of this distinctive group of Canadians.Education, Faculty of
Educational Studies (EDST), Department of
Graduate
35
Taylor, Barbara Elan. "Mussel culture in British Columbia : the influence of salmon farms on mussel growth and biochemical composition." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28953.
Full textAbstract:
To realise the potential for mussel culture in British Columbia, mariculture research must identify specific environments and suitable locations which promote maximum growth in mussels. The present study investigates the possible advantages, through nutritional enrichment, of salmon farms as sites for mussel culture.
Mussels were cultured at different distances around two salmon farms on the east coast of Vancouver Island (Departure Bay and Genoa Bay). Three parameters of mussel growth: condition index, carbohydrate content, and crude protein content were monitored at 3-6 wk intervals from September 1988 to August 1989. Distinct seasonal differences in growth were observed, but distance from the farm did not substantially influence mussel growth. Adult mortality and larval settlement were similarly unaffected.
Contrary to prediction, the farms did not increase available food for mussels. Measures of seston and chlorophyll concentration, made concurrently with the mussel collections, indicated that neither a direct contribution of nutrients in the form of feed and fish faeces, nor an indirect contribution of waste ammonia to augment phytoplankton production, occurred. This was despite currents flowing, at least part of the time, in such a direction as to transport potential nutrients from the farms to the mussels.Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
36
Farnden, Rosan. "Knowledge of marriage and family concepts and perceived competence of marriage educators conducting marriage preparation in two Protestant denominations in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29683.
Full textAbstract:
Marriage is perhaps the most popular voluntary institution in Canadian society. Fifty-six percent of British Columbians choose to be married in a Christian church. Most of these couples will find that they are required to participate in a marriage preparation program. Little is known about these marriage preparation opportunites, or about the individuals who provide these opportunites. Recent studies (Bader, Riddle & Sinclair, 1981; Ridley, Avery, Harrell, Leslie & Dent, 1982) have begun to demonstrate the effectiveness of the field of marriage preparation, but no studies examine the qualifications of educators. This study had two objectives: 1) to measure the knowledge of marriage and family concepts of marriage educators providing marriage preparation and 2) to re-test Wright's (1976) finding that clergy do not perceive themselves to be competent providers of marriage preparation. A random sample of 25% of Anglican Church in Canada and United Church of Canada congregations in British Columbia (n=117) resulted in 62 marriage educators responding to this study. This represents a response rate of 57.7%. The respondents were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire which allowed for the collection of demographic information about the congregations and respondents as well as the measurement of the dependent variable perceived competence, six independent variables and four control variables. As no instruments to measure knowledge of marriage and family concepts were available, a measure was developed for this study and is known as the Knowledge of Marriage and Family Concepts Instrument (KMFC). Respondents were found to have moderate scores on KMFC and perceived themselves to be reasonably competent providers of marriage preparation. No significant results were found for the relationships between either of the dependent variables and the independent variables. Post hoc analysis determined significant relationships between knowledge of marriage and family concepts and gender, and between perceived competence and total number of hours spent in marriage preparation. This study implies that clergy need increased training in content areas relevant to marriage preparation. Further research studies are suggested.Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
37
Mendis, Asoka. "The greenhouse tomato industry in Delta, British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/257.
Full textAbstract:
This focus of this dissertation is the greenhouse tomato industry in Delta, British Columbia. Using a conceptual framework assembled from Regulation theory (including the concept of food regimes) and the political economy of agriculture, I explore the origins and development of the industry in Delta. I argue that sub-national regulation has historically played a pivotal role in the agricultural development of the region. The impact of such regulation on the greenhouse industry, however, is contingent upon the specific regime of accumulation. I make the case, for example, that regulation instituted in the early 20th century under an extensive regime of accumulation acts as a fetter on the industry under a post-Fordist regime of accumulation. Furthermore, I make the argument that the emergence and consolidation of Delta’s greenhouse tomato industry can best be understood through the deployment of the concept of food regimes. Thus the local industry can be seen as part of global trends in food production and consumption and which have come to characterise the third food regime.
In this thesis I also examine the ‘nature’ of the tomato and of greenhouse production. I demonstrate that, beginning in the mid-19th century, the tomato has been transformed into an input amenable to such industrial processes as canning. Using the conceptual tools offered by the political economy of agriculture, I further argue that the technique of greenhouse production is a result of the process of ‘appropriation’. That is, the discrete elements of the agricultural production process have been appropriated by industrial capital and reassembled as a technologically intensive system of plant production. However, and using the case study, I illustrate how this process of appropriation has created a new set of ‘natural’ obstacles within a fairly distinctive form of industrial agriculture.
38
Yang, Jinbin. "Economic analysis of blueberry investment in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26231.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this thesis is to examine reasons for boom-and-bust cycles of blueberries in British Columbia as a case study by performing financial analysis, estimating a price elasticity of blueberry supply, and simulating changes in the price and acreage of blueberries. In order to achieve the above stated objectives, three models will be constructed. First, a business planning spreadsheet model is constructed in order to analyze the profitability of blueberry investment in British Columbia. The model studies the profitability of blueberry production with high prices during the boom period and low prices during the bust period. The results demonstrate that farmers make fairly good returns on investment during times of high prices in the blueberry boom, while the returns in the bust period can barely cover their production costs.
Second, the dynamic supply response model of Nerlove (1958) is adopted in order to estimate a reduced form supply function for blueberry producers in British Columbia. The results show that blueberry farmers had an inelastic response to price changes in the short run and a highly elastic response to price changes in the long run. These findings help to explain why the acreage of blueberries has rapidly expanded over the past decade. Third, on the basis of the estimated price elasticities of blueberry supply, the cobweb model is used in order to simulate boom-and-bust cycles in the price and acreage of blueberries. The simulation adopts the convergent type of cobweb because the demand elasticity of blueberries is expected to be elastic. The result of simulations indicates that the more elastic the demand curve is, the quicker the price and acreage of blueberries converge to a steady state.
39
Dohaney, Jacqueline Anne Marie. "Distribution of the Chilcotin Group basalts, British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24161.
Full textAbstract:
The Chilcotin Group basalts (CGB) are Oligocene to Late Pleistocene, stratified olivine-phyric basaltic lavas that overlie a large proportion of the Interior Plateau of British Columbia. The distribution of the CGB is poorly understood regionally; the current distribution is based on compilations of previously published geological maps that employ a diverse set of lithostratigraphic definitions of the Group. Exposure of the basalts is typically poor, but the thickest and most extensive sections are exposed in the valley-margins of major rivers (e.g., the Fraser River). This study collates and interprets
spatial data sets and reassesses the distribution of the CGB with the intent of producing a
new, more robust distribution of the CGB within the Taseko Lakes (0920) and Bonaparte
Lake (092P) map areas, with the goal of better characterizing their geological history and
physical volcanology. The new distribution map demonstrates several important observations: (1) the distribution of the CGB is less extensive than previous compilations by up to 48%; this
implies that, regionally, the CGB is probably significantly over-estimated; (2) there are
abundant, yet not previously identified “windows” through the basalt that expose underlying rock units which may be geologically and economically important; (3) CGB volcanism spanned the Oligocene to the Pleistocene (—30 Ma) and was centered in the
central Fraser River area (south of Williams Lake, B.C.) throughout the Pliocene Pleistocene; (4) the CGB was likely erupted from a multitude of small-volume monogenetic vents, rather than a series of long-lived volcanic centres or fissures; and (5)
the CGB is thickest where lavas ponded in paleo-valleys, providing a key to mapping the
distribution of Neogene channels in the Fraser Basin drainage.
40
Stephenson, Paul John. "The Pacific Great Eastern Railway and British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/41911.
Full textAbstract:
On February 20, 1912, Premier Richard McBride announced the creation of the Pacific Great Eastern (PGE) railway. The line was to be built from Vancouver, 460 miles northeast to Prince George, passing through Squamish, Lillooet, Williams Lake, and Quesnel. McBride committed government guaranteed bonds of $35,000 per mile or $16,100,000 for construction. The construction contract was awarded, without contest, to Foley, Welch and Stewart (FW&S) with a contractual completion date of July 1, 1915. By November 30, 1915, however, FW&S had exhausted all the bond money but had only completed 164 miles of track between Squamish and Clinton. On February 22, 1918 the BC government assumed control of an insolvent PGE project and immediately became liable for interest charges of more than $900,000 annually plus repayment of the principal.
This study examines a wide range of primary documents, including a Legislative Select Committee report, British Columbia statutes, Royal Commissions, financial audits, mortgage documents, reports commissioned by the Legislative Assembly, legal records, political debates and newspapers. Comparative, statistical, deductive and economic methodologies are used to support synthesized analysis establishing the culpability of Premier McBride in the mismanagement of the PGE. Statistical analysis of the private and social values of the railway demonstrate that it was not feasible as a private venture and the amount of necessary investment to realize its social value made it an irresponsible project for McBride to initiate given the limited financial capacities of BC in 1912.
This study concludes that the failure and ultimate insolvency of the Pacific Great Eastern Railway by 1918 was the result of mismanagement by Premier McBride in letting contracts which were incentive-incompatible with public interests and acted in violation of sections of the Railway Act; opportunistic contractors who, in the interests of maximizing profit, exploited poorly-crafted contracts and provincial government ineptitude; and economic conditions which, prior to 1912, created optimism about the PGE but after 1912 indicated that the project was not viable.
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Stevenson, Janine Marie. "Nurse managers and certified practice in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42221.
Full textAbstract:
The new Health Professions Act (HPA) is umbrella legislation that represents a
change in health policy. Some activities that nurses historically performed under medical
delegation like diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STI) are no
longer allowed unless additional training and certification occurs. As a result of their role
in the system, nurse managers were given the responsibility for implementing certified
practice. The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of nurse managers in
leading the implementation of certified practice in order to gain some understanding of
the process of change management in our health care system.
I chose complexity theory as a lens to understand change in the healthcare system
because it emphasizes connection and inter-relationship. I undertook an interpretative
descriptive study to analyze the events and contextual factors that have impacted the
nurse manager’s experience of implementing certified practice. I conducted nine semistructured
interviews in one-on-on and group formats with a total of sixteen nurse
managers.
Thematic analysis of the data revealed two overarching and inter-related themes,
namely (a) consistency with nursing values; and (b) structural constraints. The first theme
comprised three sub-categories: autonomy, recognition and role clarity. The second
theme, structural constraints, had three sub-categories: multiple models of practice;
training and education barriers; and competing system changes. Certified nursing practice
is consistent with the goals of the nursing profession of being a regulated and recognized
profession; however multiple and competing challenges constrained attainment of these
benefits.
This study aligned with the existing research on change management in the
healthcare system in that it identified what is required for successful implementation of a
new health policy. The barriers that were identified also aligned with the literature. The
theme of multiple models of practice has not previously been reported. This research
highlights the difficulties of a complex system that is comprised of different parts that
may operate independently when in truth they are highly inter-related. When this is not
taken into consideration, miscommunication and competing system demands can
interfere in the implementation of new health policy such as STI certified practice.
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Fisher, Emily Rachel. "The epidemiology of Huntington disease in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43319.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Global prevalence estimates for Huntington Disease (HD) vary widely, and those cited for Canada are outdated and not specific to British Columbia (BC). The most recent incidence calculation was performed in BC and includes diagnoses only up to the year 1999. Reports on the population at risk in Canada are based on theories and estimates that do not pertain to any particular population. Despite the presence of an extensive laboratory and clinical research hub in this province, a comprehensive epidemiological study of the prevalence, incidence and population at risk for HD has never been assessed. As such, the specific objectives of this study were to: 1) Calculate the minimum prevalence of HD in BC on April 1, 2012; 2) Calculate the incidence of HD in BC from January 1, 2001- December 31, 2011; and 3) Calculate the minimum population at risk for HD in BC on April 1, 2012.
Methods: A comprehensive province-wide assessment of the HD patient population and the population at risk was conducted using multiple sources of ascertainment including: UBC HD clinic records, hospital and physician records, DNA diagnostic lab reports, the HD research lab at the Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics (CMMT), nursing homes, The Huntington Society of Canada and HD community members.
Results: The minimum prevalence of HD in BC was estimated at 12.5 - 14.9/100,000 (95% CI: 11.5-16.0) (1/8,697 – 1/6,250), the incidence, 7.2 per million/year (95% CI: 6.5-7.9), and the minimum population at risk: 1/1,064 (95% CI: 1/1,941 - 1/2,107).
Conclusions: The prevalence of HD is nearly twice as high as suggested by a previous Canadian report. This study comprised the most thorough HD patient ascertainment study since the advent of direct mutation testing and may set a precedent for future prevalence studies. Incidence has remained the same since 1999 and BC is only the fourth region in the world to provide a direct estimate of the population at risk for HD.
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Froese, Corey Raymond. "Landslides in the Morkill River Valley, British Columbia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0003/MQ28936.pdf.
Full text
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Nagle, Heather Kristen. "Folic debris slides near Prince Rupert, British Columbia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ59856.pdf.
Full text
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Lugo, Mayra. "Exploring the Spa market in Vancouver, British Columbia /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/3629.
Full textAbstract:
Research Project (M.B.A.) - Simon Fraser University, 2005.Research Project (Faculty of Business Administration) / Simon Fraser University. Senior supervisor : Dr. Jennifer C. Chang. Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-41).
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Watson, Craig. "Integration of government assisted refugees in British Columbia /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2006. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2665.
Full text
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Klinka, Karel. "Classification of trembling aspen ecosystems in British Columbia." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/644.
Full text
48
Brulisauer, Alfred Robert. "Order and organization in lodgepole pine forests of West-Central British Columbia." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/6833.
Full textAbstract:
Trends of temporal development were documented for lodgepole
pine-dominated forest communities recovering after fire disturbance
in the interior of British Columbia. Order and organization within
these communities, considered to be key indicators of the recovery
process, were quantified by means of equal frequency ellipses in
multivariate space and angular comparisons between eigenvectors.
Estimates of ecological order were also based on more traditional
methods such as Shannon diversity and spatial heterogeneity.
Observed trends were evaluated in light of recent attempts to
interpret development in the living world as resulting from
energetic dynamics in non-equilibrium systems. Of particular
interest were phenomenological similarities between successional
and organismic development as predicted from an interpretation of
succession as a developmental process. In addition, implications of
the results to questions of diversity and stability and their
mutual relationship in ecological systems were also explored.
Similarities were evaluated between successional and
organismic development according to four phenomenological rules
(Weber et al. 1989, Salthe 1991) .
Succession in the investigated
communities appeared to follow similar trends as found in
organismic development in terms of energetic efficiency, structural
complexity, speed and course of development and system stability.
The undivided data (xeric and mesic stands combined) suggested
a steady decrease in diversity up to a penultimate phase with a
subsequent increase as climax was approached. Eccentricity of the
equal frequency ellipses, interpreted to be an indicator of
redundant system configurations, followed a similar pattern,
thereby behaving in agreement with expectations from Prigogine’s
minimum dissipation principle predicting a system to sacrifice
multiple pathways in exchange for higher energetic efficiency.
Order, quantified based on species data, was found to remain
relatively stable during succession. Organizational dynamics were
most pronounced at the onset of succession and slowed down with
increasing stand age.
Stability and resilience were found to be lower on sites of
poor environmental conditions than on mesic sites. No relationship,
however, of stability or resilience with diversity could be
established as levels of diversity in both mesic and xeric sites
were similar. Lower redundancy on xeric sites was interpreted as an
indicator for lower stability, leading to higher sensitivity to
environmental fluctuations during the process of recovery.
It was found that processes in successional and organismic
development were reasonably similar except for sites in
unproductive locations. This was interpreted to be a result of the
lower degree of integration of such sites. Thus, the investigated
communities appeared to exhibit patterns similar to organismic
development if autogenic processes were able to proceed relatively
undisturbed.
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Adams, Jill Louise. "Civil restraining order application processing in the British Columbia provincial court : an institutional ethnography." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1834.
Full textAbstract:
Although the civil restraining order is the most commonly sought legal initiative to combat intimate partner violence in British Columbia, no known qualitative research has assessed the application process or the enforcement of the orders in BC. Previous quantitative research presents mixed findings and fails to provide an in-depth analysis of how legal and institutional work is organized, and in turn, organizes the process. This thesis employs Dorothy Smith's institutional ethnography to critically examine civil restraining order application processing in the BC Provincial Court. A combination of interviews, observations, and textual analyses contribute to the mapping of the way formalized texts regulate the different phases of practitioner's work. Particular attention is paid to disjunctures between battered women's experiential knowledge and what becomes formally known to practitioners who manage her case. This research found that abused women's lived experience with violence is transformed and shaped into accounts in which her safety needs disappear. Court practitioners become immersed in text-mediated activity within a legal ruling apparatus that emphasizes timely completion of a large quantity of cases, with little or no commitment to quality solutions. In the same effort to preserve limited police time and resources, one policy directs judges to add a police enforcement clause to only a few of the most serious cases. All restraining orders that do not have this clause are currently unenforceable.
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Duncan, Jessica. "An inquiry into the pecking order : the British Columbia egg scheme and the yoking of sustainable egg producers." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2469.
Full textAbstract:
In the spring of 2005, a Vancouver Island Health Authority Inspector tried to stop the sale of ungraded eggs at the Saltspring Island Farmers' Market. This event, and the actions that followed, came to be known as the "Saltspring Island egg wars." Using the egg wars as a starting point, I explore the inner workings and contradictions of the egg sector in British Columbia by asking the question "how is it that food grown locally in sustainable ways is seen to be less safe by regulatory food regimes than food produced in the industrial food system?" To do this I take up the standpoint of egg farmers who "farm otherwise." From this grounding I rely on the insights of these farmers, civil servants, and social theorists Antonio Gramsci, Michel Foucault and Dorothy Smith to understand the ordering of power, knowledge and the social in relationships between sustainable egg producers and the British Columbia egg scheme.