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1
Filloramo, Gina V., and Gary W. Saunders. "Assessment of the order Rhodymeniales (Rhodophyta) from British Columbia using an integrative taxonomic approach reveals overlooked and cryptic species diversity." Botany 96, no. 6 (June 2018): 359–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2017-0143.
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Molecular-assisted alpha taxonomy using COI-5P and rbcL-3P was employed to reassess species diversity for the Rhodymeniales (Rhodophyta) in British Columbia. A total of 563 collections from British Columbia were resolved as 16 genetic species groups, whereas 13 were previously reported. Collections attributed to Botryocladia pseudodichotoma from British Columbia were resolved as distinct from collections of that species from California (type locality) and were assigned to Botryocladia hawkesii sp. nov. DNA sequence data also resolved an additional species of Fryeella. Although two species of Gloiocladia were recognized, genetic analyses resolved three: G. fryeana, G. laciniata, and Gloiocladia vigneaultii sp. nov. Data also resolved Gloiocladia media comb. nov. from California. For the genus Rhodymenia, where two species were expected, DNA sequence data resolved four. Both R. californica and R. pacifica were confirmed in British Columbia, whereas some collections field-identified as R. californica were genetically distinct and assigned to the novel species, Rhodymenia bamfieldensis sp. nov. Some collections initially identified as R. pacifica were assigned to the resurrected species R. rhizoides. Anatomical development for the monospecific genus Minium was also reassessed owing to that taxon’s assignment to the Fryeellaceae. Our investigation clarified the number of rhodymenialean species in British Columbia and resolved taxonomic and distributional uncertainties associated with some of these taxa.
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Snell, James G., and Tina Loo. "Making Law, Order, and Authority in British Columbia, 1821-1871." American Historical Review 101, no. 2 (April 1996): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2170608.
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Girard, Philip, and Tina Loo. "Making Law, Order, and Authority in British Columbia, 1821-1871." Labour / Le Travail 37 (1996): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25144049.
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White, W. Thomas, and Tina Loo. "Making Law, Order, and Authority in British Columbia, 1821-1871." Western Historical Quarterly 26, no. 4 (1995): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/970875.
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Kazanjian, Arminée, and Kathryn Friesen. "Defusing Technology:Technology Diffusion in British Columbia." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 9, no. 1 (1993): 46–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300003020.
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AbstractIn order to explore the diffusion of the selected technologies in one Canadian province (British Columbia), two administrative data sets were analyzed. The data included over 40 million payment records for each fiscal year on medical services provided to British Columbia residents (2,968,769 in 1988) and information on physical facilities, services, and personnel from 138 hospitals in the province. Three specific time periods were examined in each data set, starting with 1979–80 and ending with the most current data available at the time. The detailed retrospective analysis of laboratory and imaging technologies provides historical data in three areas of interest: (a) patterns of diffusion and volume of utilization, (b) institutional profile, and (c) provider profile. The framework for the analysis focused, where possible, on the examination of determinants of diffusion that may be amenable to policy influence.
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Teichert, Laura. "21st-Century Vision Using a 20th-Century Curriculum: Examining British Columbia’s Kindergarten Curriculum Package." Journal of Childhood Studies 39, no. 3 (December 9, 2015): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/jcs.v39i3.15235.
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This article provides a critical analysis of British Columbia’s early learning curricula concerning 21st-century education and the role of digital technology in the early years. The data sources were the Premier’s Technology Council: A Vision for 21st-Century Education (Premier’s Technology Council, 2010), BC’s Education Plan (British Columbia Ministry of Education, 2011), and the Kindergarten Curriculum Package (British Columbia Ministry of Education, September 2010). Rapid advances in technology call for a review of traditional curriculum standards and active movement toward a realization of 21st-century education beyond mere vision. As children navigate an increasingly digital world, one with blurred lines between content and advertising, critical thinking and critical analysis skills are essential in order for children to effectively manage the vast amounts of information available to them. Educators and policy makers, through curricula developed reflecting digital media use, can play an important role in educating young, technologically engaged students.
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Bradbury, J. H. "New Settlements Policy in British Columbia." Urban History Review 8, no. 2 (November 13, 2013): 47–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1019377ar.
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Between 1965 and 1972 the provincial government of British Columbia introduced a new resource towns policy aimed at changing the relationship between corporations, the provincial government, and resource based settlements. The Instant Towns Act, together with the creation of new municipalities, represented a new level of government involvement and intervention in resource towns. The policy served to pass townsite costs from the companies to the workforce and to rationalise the further involvement of the state in resource extraction activities. The provincial government and the companies argued that a new settlements policy was necessary to replace the older model of company towns in order to attract a new and more stable labour force. At the same time as this policy was being shaped, the government was also engaged in developing industrial infrastructure to facilitate the expansion and the changing needs of capital. The Instant Towns Act of 1965 was part of the legislation for the expansion of large firms in the resource extraction sector. This form of infrastructure planning, to coincide with the changing structure of capital, reflects a level of state intervention in the economy of British Columbia, in other Canadian provinces, and indeed in most other western capitalist societies in recent years.
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Montsion, Jean Michel. "Diplomacy as Self-representation: British Columbia’s First Nations and China." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 11, no. 4 (September 27, 2016): 404–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-12341333.
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China’s recent interest and substantial investments in Canada’s natural resource sector have led some First Nations in British Columbia to undertake diplomatic activities to represent their interests to Chinese officials and investors. This article explores the interplay developing between the diplomatic activities of British Columbia’s First Nations and those of the Canadian state in the area of natural resource promotion. It does so by examining the diplomatic efforts of British Columbia’s First Nations Energy and Mining Council and the Canadian government’s Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement with China. The article argues that this interplay represents a struggle over diplomatic representation, in which British Columbia’s First Nations challenge the Canadian state’s monopoly on the representation of indigenous interests abroad, whereas the Canadian state constantly reframes indigenous perspectives on international affairs as a matter of domestic jurisdiction, in order to re-ground its control over Canadian foreign diplomatic practices.
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Burg, Theresa M., Andrew W. Trites, and Michael J. Smith. "Mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA analyses of harbour seal population structure in the northeast Pacific Ocean." Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, no. 6 (October 10, 1999): 930–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-057.
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The genetic diversity and population structure of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) along the coasts of British Columbia and parts of Alaska were investigated using both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA. A 475-bp fragment of the mitochondrial control region was amplified and sequenced from 128 animals. Sixty variable sites defined 72 mtDNA haplotypes with pairwise nucleotide differences as high as 5%. Fifty-eight haplotypes were represented by a single individual, and shared haplotypes were generally restricted to a small geographic range. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed two distinct populations comprising (i) southern British Columbia and (ii) northern British Columbia - southeast Alaska. Furthermore, the order of the clades suggests that the Pacific Ocean was colonized at least twice, 670 000 and 380 000 years ago. Haplotypes from the first invasion are restricted to a small number of seals around southern Vancouver Island. Analyses of five polymorphic microsatellite loci showed significant differences between the populations of southern British Columbia and northern British Columbia - Alaska. Migration rates for males based on microsatellite data (3-22 seals/generation) were higher than those obtained for females from mtDNA data (0.3 females/generation). Combining all the DNA data collected to date suggests that there are at least three populations of harbour seals in the Pacific composed of seals from (i) Japan, Russia, Alaska, and northern British Columbia, (ii) southern British Columbia and Puget Sound, Washington, and (iii) the outer coasts of Washington, Oregon, and California. The data do not support the existence of two subspecies of harbour seals in the Pacific Ocean.
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Ilieva, Roumiana. "EAL in Public Schools in British Columbia." International Journal of Bias, Identity and Diversities in Education 1, no. 2 (July 2016): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbide.2016070106.
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This article analyzes through the lens of Nancy Fraser's (2008) multidimensional social justice model policies and practices currently guiding English as an additional language (EAL) education in public schools in British Columbia, Canada on the basis of research published in the last decade or so. It highlights directions which Fraser's model guides us to explore in further depth in order to attend more adequately to the diverse linguistic, cultural, and integration needs of EAL students in the Metro Vancouver area. A continuous search for theoretical lenses allowing for more fine-grained analyses of challenges in educating diverse students would equip policy makers and practitioners alike with refined tools to engage more meaningfully with the complexities of diversities in the local contexts within which they work.
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Hawkes, Michael W., and Robert F. Scagel. "The marine algae of British Columbia and northern Washington: division Rhodophyta (red algae), class Rhodophyceae, order Rhodymeniales." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 8 (August 1, 1986): 1549–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-210.
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This is a floristic treatment of benthic marine red algae (Rhodophyta) in the order Rhodymeniales which occur in British Columbia and northern Washington. The following 12 species in 9 genera are recorded and illustrated: Botryocladia pseudodichotoma (Farlow) Kylin, Fauchea fryeana Setchell, Fauchea laciniata J. G. Agardh, Faucheocolax attenuata Setchell, Fryeella gardneri (Setchell) Kylin, Gastroclonium subarticulatum (Turner) Kützing, Lomentaria hakodatensis Yendo, Minium parvum Moe, Rhodymenia californica Kylin, Rhodymenia pacifica Kylin, Rhodymenia pertusa (Postels et Ruprecht) J. Agardh, and Rhodymeniocolax botryoidea Setchell. Rhodymenia stipitata Kylin is treated as a taxonomic synonym of Rhodymenia pertusa. Previous reports of Coeloseira parva Hollenberg from British Columbia and Leptofauchea auricularis Dawson and Leptofauchea pacifica Dawson from northern Washington were based on misidentifications or could not be confirmed. Also provided is a historical background of the Rhodymeniales. Keys to and descriptions of local taxa (at the ordinal, familial, and generic levels), as well as information on synonyms, location of type specimens, type localities, and what is known about the life histories, distribution, seasonality, and habitats of all local taxa, are provided. Rhodymenialean species occurring in British Columbia and northern Washington which are also reported in the California flora are listed, as are those which are restricted to one or the other flora. References are given and representative specimens cited that document our concepts of the taxa and their morphological variability, seasonality, and geographical distributions.
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Blake, Lynn A. "Pastoral Power, Governmentality and Cultures of Order in Nineteenth-Century British Columbia." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 24, no. 1 (April 1999): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0020-2754.1999.00079.x.
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Renfrew, Dawn E., Paul W. Gabrielson, and Robert F. Scagel. "The marine algae of British Columbia, northern Washington, and southeast Alaska: division Rhodophyta (red algae), class Rhodophyceae, order Gelidiales." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 11 (November 1, 1989): 3295–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-406.
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The red algal order Gelidiales is represented in the benthic marine algal flora of British Columbia, northern Washington, and southeast Alaska by two genera, Gelidium Lamouroux and Pterocladia J. Agardh. Three species of Gelidium are present, G. coulteri Harvey, G. purpurascens Gardner, and G. vagum Okamura, and one species of Pterocladia, P. caloglossoides (Howe) Dawson. For each species we provide a description of its habit and life history, vegetative and reproductive morphology, and habitat and seasonality. Distributions and representative specimens examined are given. Keys are provided to genera and species where appropriate. Habits, and salient vegetative and reproductive features useful in identifying each species, are illustrated. Gelidium vagum is reported for the first time in the northeast Pacific and appears to have been introduced to the flora from Japan in recent historical time. Its distribution is limited to two islands in the Strait of Georgia. Gelidium purpurascens and Pterocladia caloglossoides are distributed throughout British Columbia and northern Washington, and their ranges are extended north to southeast Alaska. Earlier reports of G. amansii (Lamouroux) Lamouroux, G. crinale (Turner) Lamouroux, G. pusillum (Stackhouse) Le Jolis, G. robustum (Gardner) Hollenberg et Abbott, and G. sinicola Gardner from British Columbia and northern Washington are shown to have been based upon misidentifications of other taxa, and these species are excluded from the flora.
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FOX, C. A., C. TARNOCAI, and R. TROWBRIDGE. "CLASSIFICATION, MACROMORPHOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FOLISOLS FROM BRITISH COLUMBIA." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 67, no. 4 (November 1, 1987): 765–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss87-074.
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The Folisol great group within the Organic soil order was expanded by the Expert Committee on Soil Survey to include the subgroups Hemic, Humic, Lignic and Histic Folisols. Representative Folisols from the Coastal Western Hemlock biogeoclimatic zone in British Columbia were studied to document the macromorphology and chemical characteristics of these subgroups. A proposal for improving F and H horizon designations is also presented. This documentation and improvements to the classification system provide a better basis for the soil surveyor to recognize and account for thick accumulations (> 40 cm) of folic materials overlying mineral or peat materials as well as accumulations (> 10 cm) over rock or fragmental material. Key words: Folisols, organic material, soil classification, Organic soil order
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Gibbons, Aidan, and Bosu Seo. "Predicting Future Physician Output for British Columbia, Canada." Research in Health Science 4, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/rhs.v4n1p15.
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<p><em>This study looks at data since 2002 and estimates a prediction for the health care output by physicians for British Columbia. The measure used to capture this output is full time equivalence (FTE), developed by the Canadian Institute for Health Information to capture an aggregate level of output by physicians through the value of their billings. The paper uses past data to estimate future physician numbers for the province based on Canadian medical school graduates, interprovincial migration, as well as estimates for the number of physicians leaving the workforce and the number of foreign educated physicians entering the province every year. Taking this prediction for future number of physicians, along with data on the age and gender distribution of doctors, BC population estimates, and previous FTE data, a regression model is developed to predict the level of FTE in BC for 2018 to 2020. This research ultimately predicts a steady, but modest rise in FTE for BC in the next few years. However, whether this growth will continue beyond 2020 is unclear, and a rise alone does not necessarily mean that it will better address future demand as BC is currently experiencing a shortage in physician services, and the demand for health care is expected to rise with the increasing proportion of seniors to working age individuals in the province. This paper suggests that changes should be put in place to increase the number of seats available in Canadian medical schools to address the shortage of physicians in the long term, and that BC will have to increase the number of foreign educated doctors in order to address shortages in the short term.</em></p>
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Persaud, Anthony W., Terre Satterfield, and Eliana Macdonald. "Counter-institutionalizing First Nation–Crown relations in British Columbia." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 52, no. 8 (May 7, 2020): 1602–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x20924027.
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In Canada, the advance of industrial resource extraction has been moderated by a series of key legal decisions that have found that development activities within the traditional territories of Indigenous Nations may infringe on Aboriginal and treaty rights, requiring a duty to consult and potentially accommodate those affected. In British Columbia this duty is primarily satisfied through the Crown referrals process, whereby affected First Nation groups are notified by the Crown regarding potential rights-affecting decisions and are given an opportunity to formulate a response. This form of institutionalized engagement presents an ongoing challenge for First Nation groups who struggle to manage the influx of Crown referrals, as well as a dilemma for those who question its fairness and inherent colonial structure. For others, it is seen as an opportunity to leverage the duty to consult and accommodate in order to strengthen territorial self-governance. In this paper we introduce the idea of counter-institutionalizing and explore the conditions under which the Crown referrals process is being redrawn to better address, and not, the ability of First Nation groups to improve territorial self-governance and the trade-offs involved.
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McKEAGUE, J. A., C. TARNOCAI, and H. A. LUTTMERDING. "EXISTING AND POSSIBLE NEW GLEYSOLIC ORDER CRITERIA APPLIED TO FIVE PEDONS FROM BRITISH COLUMBIA." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 66, no. 2 (May 1, 1986): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss86-033.
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Use of the current criteria for distinguishing Gleysolic soils from gleyed intergrades to other soil classes resulted in the apparent misclassification of some soils in British Columbia. Pedologists of the area selected five pedons encompassing several degrees of expression of gley features. Current classification criteria based on soil color and possible new differentiating features based on chemical and micromorphological analyses were applied in considering the classification of the soils. Application of the current specific color criteria involving low chromas and prominent mottling result in the classification of three pedons in the Gleysolic order and two in gleyed subgroups of other orders. This classification was appropriate in the view of B.C. pedologists except for one Gleysolic pedon in which the water table is rarely within 1 m of the surface. Prior to drainage, however, the soil was probably saturated to the surface and under reducing conditions for prolonged periods each year. Thus, classification as a Gleysolic soil is appropriate as it probably reflects the prevailing conditions and processes during most of the period of soil genesis.Segregation of iron and manganese as nodules and coatings was most marked in the Gleysolic pedons. Walls of some voids were bleached due to depletion of iron oxides. Though study of thin sections, bulk chemical analysis and analysis of specific features by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDXRA) were useful in providing information on soil properties, they did not indicate an improved basis for differentiating Gleysolic soils from others. The color criteria used to distinguish soils of the Gleysolic order do not necessarily reflect the current soil water regime, and they are not intended to do so. The current criteria resulted in the appropriate classification of the five soils. Key words: Gleying, reduction, iron, manganese, micromorphology, SEM-EDXRA
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Murton, J. "Creating Order: The Liberals, the Landowners, and the Draining of Sumas Lake, British Columbia." Environmental History 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 92–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/envhis/13.1.92.
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Rice, Stephen, and Michael Church. "Bed material texture in low order streams on the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 21, no. 1 (January 1996): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9837(199601)21:1<1::aid-esp506>3.0.co;2-f.
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Apps, Clayton D., Nancy J. Newhouse, and Trevor A. Kinley. "Habitat associations of American badgers in southeastern British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 7 (July 1, 2002): 1228–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-119.
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American badgers (Taxidea taxus) are endangered in British Columbia due to habitat loss and human-caused mortality. To better understand human impacts and to promote conservation planning, we described badger habitat relationships. At two spatial scales, we analyzed selection by 12 radio-implanted resident badgers for soil composition, forest overstory, land cover, vegetation productivity, terrain, and human influence. At a broad (23.8 km2) landscape scale, soil parent-material associations were positive with glaciolacustrine and glaciofluvial and negative with colluvial. Soil-order associations were positive with brunisols and regosols and negative with podzols and luvisols. Association with fine sandy-loam texture was positive. Associations were negative with forested habitats and positive with open range, agricultural habitats, and linear disturbances. Associations were negative with elevation, slope, terrain ruggedness, and both vegetation productivity and moisture. At a fine (14.5 ha) scale, associations were positive with glaciofluvial, fine sandy-loam textured, and well-drained soils. Associations were negative with colluvial soils, forest cover, vegetation moisture, elevation, and ruggedness. Associations with open range and southern aspects were positive. The linear combination of a subset of variables could explain and predict habitat selection. At this range extent, natural conditions may restrict badger occurrence, increasing badger sensitivity to human factors that influence habitat quality and mortality.
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Lambertus, Sandra. "Redressing the Rebel Indian Stereotype: Anthropology and Media Policy." Practicing Anthropology 23, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.23.2.57r74t6t63265w23.
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I have recently completed a research project that examined the media coverage of the 1995 Gustafsen Lake standoff in British Columbia. This standoff marked the largest Royal Canadain Mounted Police (RCMP) operation in the history of Canada—and the top national news story for nearly a month. The resolution of the conflict did not alter the British Columbia treaty process, or result in changes of ownership of contested land. However, the media coverage was extreme in its misinformation about the conflict and the characterizations of the people involved. In order to make policy recommendations I had to get "insider knowledge" of the media event. I did this by tracing the media processes and their relations with their most important source of information during the event, the RCMP.
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Molloy, Andrew. "Second Growth: Community Economic Development in Rural British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Political Science 38, no. 4 (December 2005): 1067–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423905249971.
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Second Growth: Community Economic Development in Rural British Columbia, Sean Markey, John Pierce, Mark Roseland and Kelly Vodden, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2005, pp. 352.This theoretically rich, community economic development (CED) work, written by four members of the Centre for Sustainable Community Development (formerly the Community Economic Development Centre) at Simon Fraser University, is the product of a three-year participatory-action-based research project involving four “forest-based” British Columbia communities. Two Aboriginal communities and two municipalities were case studied as part of an action-learning exercise in order to gain “insight into the apparent conflict between the economic imperative and fluidity of capital versus the lived worlds of rural and small time places” (3). Through their empirical studies of the four communities, the authors argue that CED, fostered at the local level, can allow for the kind of capacity building that is needed to create diversified, sustainable economic futures for resource-based rural and small-town communities. They are careful, however, to distinguish between the use of CED as a “localized and palliative strategy” for marginalized communities caught in the throes of political and economic dependency, and the possibilities for a more robust (theoretically balanced) version of CED, which can become part and parcel of rural and small-town locally-based planning and development. While recognizing the appropriateness of CED in either situation, they argue that a host of negative economic and political factors, which are intensifying under the direction of neo-liberal ideological thinking, have resulted in a pressing need for the more robust form of community development and corresponding revitalization strategies.
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Hartling, I., B. Cinel, K. K. Donkor, C. Ross Friedman, M. J. Paetkau, and J. S. Church. "Short Communication: Tenderness of suckler beef produced in British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 94, no. 2 (June 2014): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas2013-126.
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Hartling, I., Cinel, B., Donkor, K. K., Ross Friedman, C., Paetkau, M. J. and Church, J. S. 2014. Short Communication: Tenderness of suckler beef produced in British Columbia. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 295–298. In order to investigate the potential of suckler beef production in British Columbia, shear force values were determined using Warner–Bratzler shear (WBS) force tests on 10 major muscles obtained from suckler-raised Simmental cattle along with the longissimus thoracis from grain- and grass-fed cattle of similar breeding. Shear force values obtained for suckler beef were then compared with literature values from grain-fed beef. All suckler beef muscles except the psoas major and spinalis dorsi had lower WBS values than their grain-fed counterparts from literature values, while the longissimus thoracis was shown to have equal tenderness in all three production systems. Results suggest that a higher number of muscles from suckler beef in this study could be used as steaks than is typically observed in the North American beef industry.
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Desloges, Joseph R., and Michael Church. "Geomorphic implications of glacier outburst flooding: Noeick River valley, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, no. 3 (March 1, 1992): 551–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e92-048.
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An outburst flood from Ape Lake in October 1984 severely affected channel and floodplain morphology of Noeick River. This event, estimated to have exceeded 103 m3∙s−1, was as much as 2.4 times greater than the probable maximum meteorological flood. Storage of water in ponds, lakes, and floodplain margins resulted in attenuation of the flood peak as it progressed downstream. As a result, flood effects were most evident in the alluvial reaches of upper Noeick River, below Ape Lake between km 10 and km 23. Here, the channel zone widened from a preflood average of 75 m to almost 200 m, the area of eroded valley bottom increased by about 2.5 times, and a cumulative length of 2.5 km of valley-side colluvial fans was eroded. Transported sediment stored in the floodplain and along valley margins resulted in aggradation of up to 0.75 m, except in restricted reaches where limited sediment supply and increased stream power caused degradation of up to 3 m. A second, and fractionally larger, outburst flood in August 1986 caused mobilization of sediment and some channel infilling but, overall, further morphological changes were minimal. The first flood in this sequence can be characterized as "catastrophic" because it destroyed the normal (climatic) regime of the river. The event effected an abrupt change in the regime of the river, resetting it to be in equilibrium with channel-forming events of order 103 m3∙s−1, such as the second outburst event. There have been no further outburst floods, resulting in a return to disequilibrium conditions. Ultimate recovery, measured in morphological terms as adjustment to accommodate normal meteorological floods or, in sediment transport terms as a balance between boundary shear stress and available sediment sue, will take on the order of decades to a century. Establishment of riparian vegetation will be an important determinant of the extent and timing of channel and floodplain recovery.
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Archibald, S. Bruce, and Rolf W. Mathewes. "Early Eocene insects from Quilchena, British Columbia, and their paleoclimatic implications." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 8 (August 1, 2000): 1441–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z00-070.
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Fossil insects were examined from the Early Eocene lacustrine shale at Quilchena, British Columbia. Insects of 10 orders (Blattodea, Dermaptera, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Mecoptera, Diptera, Trichoptera, Hymenoptera) were identified, bringing the known number at this site to 11. These were placed in 26 families, 22 of which are new occurrences for this locality. Specimens include early occurrences of bees and ants. Three fossils of leaves with galls were examined. Thirteen of the families are new to British Columbia, and 9 of these (Blaberidae, Haglidae, Cixiidae, Dinidoridae, Cydnidae, Staphylinidae, Panorpidae, Pipunculidae, Halictidae) are new to the region of the Okanagan Highlands. A number of taxa are earliest known occurrences. Several insects in this fauna are larger than their modern relatives and some are larger than their relatives from other Eocene locales. The presence of insects including March flies, diplopterine cockroaches, dinidorid bugs, and seed weevils confirm and perhaps exceed paleobotanical indications that in the Eocene, British Columbia was much warmer than it is today.
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Pattullo, Andrew L. S., Robert S. Hogg, Arn Schilder, Irene L. Goldstone, Robyn Sussel, and Michael V. O'Shaughnessy. "Heterogeneity of care for HIV-infected individuals decreases with the physician knowledge." International Journal of STD & AIDS 7, no. 6 (October 1, 1996): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462961918266.
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In order to gain an understanding of the determinants of clinical management of HIV disease in adults just prior to the introduction of comprehensive guidelines, we undertook the present study among members of the British Columbia Persons with AIDS Society BCPWA . The aim of this study was to examine whether the heterogeneity of care for HIV-infected individuals decreases with physician knowledge of HIV AIDS and the stability of the physician-patient relationship. Eligible participants had to be full members i.e. HIV positive of the society, residents of British Columbia, and had to have previously agreed for the BCPWA society to include unsolicited material with their monthly newsletter. Our analysis demonstrates that compliance with appropriate care was associated with a more stable physician-patient relationship and with the perception on the patient's part of a greater level of knowledge on the part of their physician.
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Guthrie, R. H., and S. G. Evans. "Magnitude and frequency of landslides triggered by a storm event, Loughborough Inlet, British Columbia." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 4, no. 3 (August 4, 2004): 475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-4-475-2004.
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Abstract. One hundred and one landslides were documented across 370km2 following a rainstorm that swept the British Columbia coastline on 18 November 2001. Despite the regional nature of the storm, the landslides were spaced close together, even within the study area. Landslide clustering is attributed to high intensity storm cells too small to be recorded by the general hydrometric network. The evidence nicely corroborates previous historical studies that reached similar conclusions, but against which there was no modern analog analyzed for coastal British Columbia. Magnitude-cumulative frequency data plotted well on a power law curve for landslides greater than 10000m2, however, below that size several curves would fit. The rollover effect, a point where the data is no longer represented by the power law, therefore occurs at about 1.5 orders of magnitude higher than the smallest landslide. Additional work on Vancouver Island has provided evidence for rollovers at similar values. We propose that the rollover is a manifestation of the physical conditions of landslide occurrence and process uniformity. The data was fit to a double Pareto distribution and P-P plots were generated for several data sets to examine the fit of that model. The double Pareto model describes the bulk of the data well, however, less well at the tails. For small landslides (<650m2) this may still be a product of censoring. Landscape denudation from the storm was averaged over the study area and equal to 2mm of erosion. This is more than an order of magnitude larger than the annual rate of denudation reported by other authors for coastal British Columbia, but substantially less than New Zealand. The number is somewhat affected by the rather arbitrary choice of a study area boundary.
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LAUPLAND, K. B., K. PASQUILL, E. C. PARFITT, P. NAIDU, and L. STEELE. "Burden of community-onset bloodstream infections, Western Interior, British Columbia, Canada." Epidemiology and Infection 144, no. 11 (March 21, 2016): 2440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268816000613.
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SUMMARYAlthough community-onset bloodstream infection (BSI) is recognized as a major cause of morbidity and mortality, its epidemiology has not been well defined in non-selected populations. We conducted population-based surveillance in the Interior Health West region of British Columbia, Canada in order to determine the burden associated with community-onset BSI. A total of 1088 episodes were identified for an overall annual incidence of 117·8/100 000 of which 639 (58·7%) were healthcare-associated (HA) and 449 (41·3%) were community-associated (CA) BSIs for incidences of 69·2 and 48·6/100 000, respectively. The incidence of community-onset BSI varied by age and gender and elderly males were at the highest risk. Overall 964 (88·6%) episodes resulted in hospital admission for a median length of stay of 8 days; the total days of acute hospitalization associated with community-onset BSI was 13 530 days or 1465 days/100 000 population per year. The in-hospital mortality rate was 10·6% (102/964) and this was higher for HA-BSI (72/569, 12·7%) compared to CA-BSI (30/395, 7·6%, P = 0·014) episodes. Community-onset BSI, especially HA-BSI, is associated with a major burden of illness.
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Richardson, John S. "Coarse Particulate Detritus Dynamics in Small, Montane Streams Southwestern British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 2 (February 1, 1992): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-038.
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The dynamics of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) were studied for 2 yr in three second-order streams in the Coast Range of British Columbia. Estimates of direct litterfall ranged from 201 to 481 g ash-free dry mass∙m−2∙yr−1. The magnitude of deciduous leaf litter input was similar among streams. Input of conifer needles to a stream with an old-growth canopy was higher than in two streams which drained second-growth forests. There was over a 60-fold seasonal change in deciduous leaf standing stock, but woody debris and total CPOM showed less seasonal variation. Decomposition of alder leaf packs in two of the streams showed a large temperature-dependent component and significant differences between streams, with the more retentive stream having lower rates of decomposition. From estimates of input and decay rates, models of leaf loss were made to predict benthic standing stocks of deciduous leaf litter. Comparisons of the model predictions with actual measures indicate that 70–94% of leaf material was unaccounted for and presumably lost from the study reach by export, floodplain deposition, and burial. The seasonal changes in standing stock of CPOM emphasize the variation in food supply potentially available to detritivorous stream organisms.
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Anderson, John F., Basia Pakula, Victoria Smye, Virginia Peters (Siyamex), and Leslie Schroeder. "Strengthening Aboriginal Health through a Place-Based Learning Community." International Journal of Indigenous Health 7, no. 1 (June 7, 2013): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijih71201112352.
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The Sts’ailes Primary Health Care Project is a partnership in Sts’ailes, British Columbia, between Sts’ailes, Fraser Health Authority (FHA), and academic researchers at the University of Victoria and the University of British Columbia. The creation of knowledge by and for Aboriginal Peoples and a commitment to strength-based research are key aspects of the project. These key elements guide the partners as they work together to explore and identify ways to enhance health services for the Sts’ailes people and other FHA clients in the region. This paper describes how the principles of place-based learning communities (PbLCs) are being implemented within the collaboration in order to facilitate the co-production of culturally appropriate strengthbased knowledge that supports the health and wellness of the Sts’ailes community. PbLCs are a welcome innovative mechanism for generating a cross-cultural understanding of local health and wellness issues. This paper makes a contribution to the documentation of successful participatory community-academic research partnerships.
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Chiu, Judy A., Meher Shergill, Vinay Dhingra, Juan J. Ronco, Allana LeBlanc, Chantale Pamplin, Shari McKeown, and Peter M. Dodek. "Variation in the Management of Pain, Agitation, and Delirium in Intensive Care Units in British Columbia." American Journal of Critical Care 29, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2020396.
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Background Pain, agitation, and delirium are associated with negative outcomes in critically ill patients. Reducing variation in pain, agitation, and delirium management among institutions could improve care. Objectives To define opportunities to improve pain, agitation, and delirium management in intensive care units in British Columbia, Canada. Methods A 13-item survey was developed to determine practices for assessing and managing pain, agitation, and delirium. Target participants were persons designated as the most informed about pain, agitation, and delirium management at each of the 30 intensive care units in British Columbia. Main measures were protocol use, assessment tool(s) used and frequency, and management approaches. Results All 30 units responded; half of them had a unit-specific pain algorithm. The Behavioral Pain Scale and the numerical rating scale were the most common tools used to assess pain. Sites reported 15 different approaches to pain management: two-thirds used a sedation assessment tool, but some relied on physician diagnoses to identify sedation. Sites reported 18 different approaches to sedation management: most included an algorithm or order set for sedation management, but the most commonly used approach was individualized management by a clinician (17% for sedation and 30% for agitation). Sites reported 22 different approaches for delirium management: more than two-thirds used a delirium measurement instrument, but some relied on physician diagnoses to identify delirium. Conclusion Variation in assessment and management of pain, agitation, and delirium in British Columbia intensive care units highlights opportunities to improve care.
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Bennett, Andrew M. R. "Checklists of the Hymenoptera of Canada, Alaska and Greenland – Introduction." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82 (April 29, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.82.60054.
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The distribution of described, extant species of the insect order Hymenoptera recorded from northern North America will be published in a series of ten checklists. In total, 9250 species in 27 superfamilies and 84 families are recorded from Canada, the state of Alaska (USA) and Greenland (Denmark). Within northern North America, 8933 species are recorded in Canada (96.6% of the total species), Alaska has 1513 (16.4%) and Greenland has 205 (2.2%). Within Canada, Ontario is the province with the most species recorded (5322, 57.5% of all species in northern North America), followed by Quebec (4207, 45.5%) and British Columbia (4063, 43.9%). At the family level, Ontario has 82 of the 84 recorded families, Quebec has 76 and British Columbia has 71. The most species-rich superfamilies in northern North America are Ichneumonoidea (4438 species, 48.0% of the total); Apoidea (1438, 15.5%) and Chalcidoidea (1246, 13.5%). The largest families are Ichneumonidae (3201 species, 34.6% of the total), Braconidae (1237, 13.4%), Tenthredinidae (573, 6.2%), Eulophidae (379, 4.1%) and Pteromalidae (309, 3.3%). Overall species richness of the Hymenoptera in northern North America is compared with surveys in Russia, Germany, Finland and the British Isles.
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Camm, E. L., D. C. Goetze, S. N. Silim, and D. P. Lavender. "Cold storage of conifer seedlings: An update from the British Columbia perspective." Forestry Chronicle 70, no. 3 (June 1, 1994): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc70311-3.
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In both the temperate and boreal regions of North America and Scandinavia, conifer seedlings are routinely cold stored for several months in order to accommodate the schedules of nurseries and tree planters alike. It is critical to the success of the practice to understand the biology of the seedlings, in particular the influence of environmental factors such as temperature and light on their yearly cycle. Since Hocking and Nyland's important 1971 review, research has characterized the effects of different methodoligical parameters of the cold storage process (lift date, storage temperature, moisture, etc.) on a number of physiological aspects of the trees (root growth potential, photosynthesis, stress resistance). This has led to better guidelines and awareness on the manipulation of seedlings for cold storage. This article will review some of that research, concentrating on the Western experience. Key words: conifer seedlings, nurseries, cold storage, physiology, stress resistance
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Boyer, Wanda A. R., and Helen Bandy. "Impact of Students with Special Needs on Teachers in Rural Communities." Rural Special Education Quarterly 15, no. 3 (September 1996): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875687059601500305.
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In order to develop relevant teacher education programs, teacher educators must understand attitudes, concerns and knowledge of inservice rural teachers toward inclusion of children with special needs in their classroom. Questionnaires were distributed to teachers in rural/remote areas of British Columbia. Results were indicative of the urgent need for providing additional human resources to assist with inclusionary practices, particularly the addition of trained assistants, parents, and community volunteers.
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Saatchi, Ariana, David M. Patrick, James McCormack, Andrew Morris, and Fawziah Marra. "1118. Trends of Paediatric Prescribing for Common Infections in British Columbia." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.982.
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Abstract Background Antibiotic prescribing in pediatric care is highly prevalent, and quite often children are prescribed for conditions which are commonly self-limiting and viral in etiology. The purpose of this study was to examine the scope of pediatric antibiotic prescribing by indication, from 2013 to 2016, and identify potential new targets for provincial antimicrobial stewardship efforts. Methods Antibiotic prescription data for children were extracted from a provincial prescription database, and linked to physician billing data in order to obtain diagnostic information. Prescription rates were then calculated, and trends were examined by indication. Major categories included: upper respiratory tract infection, acute otitis media, lower respiratory tract, skin and soft tissue, and urinary tract infections. Results Our database included an average of 244,763 children per year, and 5,896,173 total antibiotic prescriptions. Increased indication-specific rates of prescribing were observed in children aged 0–2 years, for every category. Children aged 3–18 years experienced decreased prescribing across all indications, with the exception of urinary tract infections for those aged between 10–18 years. Urinary tract infections increased by 134% for children aged 0–2 years, and 75% for those aged 10–18 years, from 2013 to 2016. Although antibiotic use for upper respiratory tract infections decreased by 11% for all ages, these diagnoses continue to be prescribed for at rates 2 – 5 times higher than other conditions. Conclusion Although this study found a decrease in prescribing over time across all indications, antibiotic use continues to be a concern for upper respiratory tract infections in pediatric care. These diagnoses generally do not require antibiotics, and inappropriate prescribing is a major factor in antimicrobial resistance. The increased prescribing rates in the youngest age group (0–2 years) offers a new target for provincial stewardship efforts. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Hawkes, Michael W., and Robert F. Scagel. "The marine algae of British Columbia and northern Washington: division Rhodophyta (red algae), class Rhodophyceae, order Palmariales." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 1148–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-158.
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This is a floristic treatment of benthic marine red algae (Rhodophyta) in the order Palmariales that occur in British Columbia and northern Washington. Seven species (including one new species of Palmaria) in four genera are recorded as follows: Halosacciocolax kjellmanii Lund, Halosaccion glandiforme (S. G. Gmelin) Ruprecht, Palmaria callophylloides Hawkes et Scagel, sp. nov., P. hecatensis Hawkes, P. mollis (Setchell et Gardner) van der Meer et Bird, Rhodophysema elegans (P. L. et H. M. Crouan ex J. Agardh) P. S. Dixon, and R. georgii Batters. Rhodophysema minus Hollenberg et Abbott is treated as a taxonomic synonym of R. elegans. An historical background of the Palmariales is provided. Also provided are revised circumscriptions of the family Palmariaceae and genera Palmaria, Halosaccion, and Rhodophysema based on recent life-history studies by other workers that demonstrate the presence of sexual reproduction in several palmarialean taxa. Keys to and descriptions of taxa (at the ordinal, familial, generic, and specific levels), as well as information on synonyms, location of type specimens, type localities, and what is known about the life histories, distribution, seasonality, and habitats of all taxa, are provided. References are given, and representative specimens are cited that document our concept of the taxa and their morphological variability, seasonality, and geographical distributions.
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Knutson, Scott, Craig Dougans, Gary Reiter, Don Rodden, and Erik Kidd. "CANADA – UNITED STATES (SALISH SEA) SPILL RESPONSE ORGANIZATIONS: A COMPARISON." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014.1.299.
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ABSTRACT The Salish Sea comprises the inland marine waters of Washington and British Columbia and is intersected by an international border between Canada and the United States. Planning for oil spills that threaten to cross the international border is under the jurisdiction of the Canadian Coast Guard and the United States Coast Guard as described in the Canada-United States Joint Marine Contingency Plan. As Canadian companies gain approval to construct new pipelines in order to move oil sands from Alberta, Canada, to Vancouver, British Columbia, and westward, governments, agencies and citizens are publicly questioning whether current levels of oil spill preparedness and response equipment will be adequate for the increased tanker traffic from Canadian ports. This paper will be a single document that contains a snapshot of regulations, actual inventories and current philosophies that make up the 2014 response picture for the Salish Sea. It does not seek to denigrate either nation's response posture but rather to provide hard numbers as a common foundation for future discussions.
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O'Reilly, Conor, and John N. Owens. "Shoot, needle, and cambial growth phenology and branch tracheid dimensions in provenances of lodgepole pine." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x89-094.
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Shoot and needle growth phenology was studied in first-order fourth-whorl branches from seven provenances of Pinuscontorta Dougl. ssp. latifolia Engelm. from British Columbia and the Yukon, growing in a provenance trial at Prince George, British Columbia. The phenology of tracheid production was followed in cross sections from the midportion of the 1st-year increment of similar branches. Tracheid diameter and wall thickness were measured at increments across the ring in sections from dormant branches. Differences among provenances in the dates of growth initiation were small or negligible, although early relative growth rates were higher in the northern provenances. The times of cessation differed greatly among provenances for needle and cambial growth, but less for shoot elongation. Duration of growth had the largest effect on final needle length and tracheid numbers. Shoot length was affected largely by rates of elongation. The northern provenances had few, narrow-diameter, relatively thin-walled tracheids. Provenances showed contrasting patterns in diameter measurements across the ring, but wall thickness displayed a more consistent trend.
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Pyle, Leanne J., Christopher R. Barnes, and Lee McKenzie McAnally. "Conodont biostratigraphy of the latest Cambrian - Early Ordovician upper McKay Group, southeastern British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 44, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 1713–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e07-047.
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The age of the upper McKay Group based on conodont biostratigraphy is latest Cambrian (Cordylodus proavus Zone) to late Early Ordovician (middle Floian; Oepikodus communis Zone). A collection of 12 940 conodont elements was recovered from 306 samples of upper McKay Group strata exposed in the Western Main Ranges of the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains, southeastern British Columbia. The conodont fauna is assigned to 53 species representing 30 genera. Twelve zones are recognized, two of which are cosmopolitan: Cordylodus proavus Zone and Iapetognathus Zone. Seven Midcontinent Realm zones, in ascending order, include Polycostatus falsioneotensis, Rossodus tenuis, Rossodus manitouensis, low diversity interval, Scolopodus subrex, and Acodus kechikaensis zones, and Tropodus sweeti Subzone (of the Oepikodus communis Zone). Three Atlantic Realm zones, in ascending order, include Cordylodus angulatus, Acodus deltatus, and Paroistodus proteus zones. The zonation for the upper McKay Group establishes correlation with the Survey Peak Formation and lower Outram Formation of the Bow Platform, and with the Kechika Formation and lower Skoki Formation of the Macdonald Platform and Kechika Trough in the northern Rocky Mountains. The McKay Group represents deposition during post-rift thermal subsidence of the margin, although its thickness, abrupt transition to black shale of the overlying Glenogle Formation, and intercalation of volcanogenic rocks imply a history of differential subsidence similar to that of the northern Cordillera, probably related to periodic extension.
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Thomas, A. C., and W. J. Emery. "Winter Hydrography and Plankton Distribution on the Southern British Columbia Continental Shelf." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 1249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f86-155.
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The early winter (November–December 1983) concentrations and spatial distributions of chlorophyll and zooplankton on the southern British Columbia continental shelf are shown to be closely related to patterns of hydrographic parameters. Concentrations of both are an order of magnitude less than published summer values for the same area. On the basis of hydrographic and planktonic characteristics, the continental shelf region can be divided into an area dominated by the Vancouver Island Coastal Current and one dominated by the northward flowing Davidson Current which can be isolated in the data and traced along the outer shelf edge. Highest chlorophyll and zooplankton concentrations (1.0 mg∙m−1 and 2900 counts∙m−3) were found in Coastal Current water and the frontal zone between this and the Davidson Current water. The warmer Davidson Current water was associated with extremely low chlorophyll and zooplankton concentrations (<0.2 mg∙m−3 and <1700 counts∙m−3). The spatial distributions of both chlorophyll and zooplankton reflected variations in the cross-shelf position of the Davidson Current which appeared to be topographically controlled. Contours of sea surface temperature, inferred from hydrographic data, were similar to contours of chlorophyll and zooplankton concentration. Both in situ temperature and plankton distributions were spatially consistent with thermal patterns in concurrent high-resolution satellite infrared imagery. Areas of increased surface thermal gradient were consistent with in situ measured biological fronts.
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Little, J. I. "Advancing the Liberal Order in British Columbia: The Role Played by Lieutenant-Governor Sir Hector-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière, 1900–1906." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 19, no. 1 (May 28, 2009): 83–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037427ar.
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Abstract This essay focuses on the role of Lieutenant-Governor Hector-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière in bringing political stability to British Columbia after the turn of the twentieth century. As well as ensuring that the composition of the executive council was based on federal party lines, he worked to ease federal-provincial tensions and exercised a significant influence on the McBride government’s highly effective economic reform programme. Joly has been largely ignored by historians, aside from his short term as Quebec premier, but his socially conservative liberalism made him an ideal promoter of Canada’s liberal order on the west coast.
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Richardson, John S., and Colin D. Levings. "Chlorinated Organic Contaminants in Benthic Organisms of the Lower Fraser River, British Columbia." Water Quality Research Journal 31, no. 1 (February 1, 1996): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1996.009.
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Abstract Benthic insects, sediments and sculpins were collected from the Fraser River, British Columbia, in winter 1993 to assess concentrations of chlorinated organic contaminants. Concentrations of most chlorinated dioxins/furans and phenolics (phenols, guaiacols and catechols) analyzed were below detection limits. Concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran were 2.5 to 6.5 pg/g wet mass in four different taxonomic groupings of aquatic insects. Other chlorinated dioxins/furans detected were heptachlorodioxins and octachlorodioxin in sediments and detritivorous benthic insects, tetrachlorodibenzofurans (not including 2,3,7,8-TCDF) in insects, and pentachlorodibenzofurans. Some chlorinated phenolics, e.g., 3,4,5-trichloroguaiacol, were found in most taxa. Highest concentrations of phenolics were measured in prickly sculpins (Cottus asper) about an order of magnitude higher than in benthos, but all concentrations were less than 6 ng/g wet mass. Concentrations of the chlorinated organics measured were in the same range as those for juvenile chinook salmon collected at the same sites.
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Pelletier, Hayley. "Reducing Interprofessional Conflicts in Order to Facilitate Better Rural Care: A Report From a 2016 Rural Surgical Network Invitational Meeting." Revue interdisciplinaire des sciences de la santé - Interdisciplinary Journal of Health Sciences 7, no. 1 (March 21, 2018): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/riss-ijhs.v7i1.1942.
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An invitational meeting organized by the Centre for Rural Health Research con-vened to facilitate respectful dialogue with general surgeons in British Columbia; the objective was to clearly understand concerns and address questions around rural family physicians with enhanced surgical skills (FPESS). In particular, the meeting focused on interprofessional challenges that hinder the adoption of a network model between general surgeons and FPESS. This report summarizes the findings (n = 5) and recommendations (n = 8) made during the meeting. The meeting underscored the need for more thoughtful discussions to develop interprofessional trust and support between general surgeons and FPESS through an integrated health care system and proper networks.
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LOWE, L. E., A. M. SCAGEL, and K. KLINKA. "CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIC HORIZONS FROM SELECTED SOILS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 67, no. 2 (May 1, 1987): 383–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss87-033.
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In order to assess the extent to which chemical properties of organic horizons support their differentiation on the basis of morphological characteristics, as used in the Canadian System of Soil Classification (CSSC), a total of 265 samples of organic horizons (including L, F, H, Of, Om and Oh) were analyzed for 26 chemical properties (organic and inorganic). One-way analysis of variance, correlation analysis and tests of normality were used to select variables for canonical variates analysis (CVA). The results of CVA indicated that the six types of horizon could be distinguished by a combination of chemical properties, and that the grouped upland (L-F-H) horizons could be distinguished from the grouped wetland (Of-Om-Oh) horizons. The results provided support for the present usage in the CSSC, based on field morphology. It was concluded that there remained a need to improve definitions, to review designations, and to develop quantitative diagnostic criteria for organic horizons. Some problems in the classification of organic horizons are discussed, particularly in relation to a hierarchical system. Key words: Organic horizons, horizon classification, British Columbia, chemical properties
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Catling, Paul M., and Sue Porebski. "An ecoregional analysis of morphological variation in British Columbia coastal strawberries (Fragaria) for germplasm protection." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 78, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p97-050.
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In order to enhance the utilization and protection of wild Fragaria germplasm from coastal British Columbia, patterns of morphological variation were assessed in plants from the Pacific coastal region of Canada. Twenty-five characters were evaluated in 87 plants grown in the uniform garden at the Canadian clonal genebank. Seven characters including the number of veins, length of the terminal tooth, roundness of tooth, tooth distribution, leaf thickness, leaf color and leaf surface were significant at the 5% level in distinguishing ecoregional groupings, and a discriminant analysis was also significant. The major pattern of variation involved plants from southern Vancouver Island to the upper Strait of Georgia, ecoregions 192 and 194, which have thinner, paler, more glaucous leaves with less broadly rounded teeth, suggesting hybridization of F. chiloensis with F. virginiana. A clustering of ecoregional group centroids using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages indicated that, in order to optimally protect genetic variation, 28.35% of the protected accessions should be selected from each of ecoregions 192 and 194, with ecoregion 191 accounting for 15.98%, and the remaining ecoregions contributing 13.66% of accessions. Key words: Fragaria chiloensis, Fragaria virginiana, Pacific coast, genetic variation, ecoregions, germplasm protection
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Orban, Julie L., Robert A. Kozak, Roy C. Sidle, and Sheldon J. B. Duff. "Assessment of relative environmental risk from logyard run-off in British Columbia." Forestry Chronicle 78, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc78146-1.
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Run-off is generated at logyards at sawmills and dryland sorts when mobile water interacts with woody debris. Logyard run-off can contain a range of constituents with the potential to have an adverse impact on the receiving environment. Many geoclimatic, operational and physical factors contribute to the volume and characteristics of run-off, and a management tool to predict relative environmental risk from different sites would be of value. In this study, we attempted to develop such a tool. A survey was devised and distributed to logyard operators in British Columbia. The survey provided information on site characteristics, volumes and types of wood processed, operational practices, the incidence of run-off, run-off treatment practices, as well as the ultimate receiving environment. Qualitative and quantitative data from the survey were subjected to statistical analyses to: (1) determine the factors that contributed to risk; (2) assign relative risk ratings to each site; and (3) rank facilities according to their potential to impact the receiving environment. Multidiscriminant analysis was used to determine which factors were correlated to environmental risk posed by run-off. Eighty-nine percent (64/72) of the facilities had visible run-off. Sixty-six percent (42/64) of the facilities fell into the high risk category with the remaining 34% (22/64) being low risk. In order of importance, volume of wood stored onsite (largest contribution), frequency of run-off events and colour intensity of run-off (smallest contribution) were factors that significantly contributed to risk and were correlated positively. The methods employed in this study could be applied as management tools to identify sites for further assessment and evaluate the need for remediation. Key words: wood leachate, run-off, logyard, dryland sort, environmental impact, toxic, remediation
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Gottesfeld, Allen S., Rolf W. Mathewes, and Leslie M. Johnson Gottesfeld. "Holocene debris flows and environmental history, Hazelton area, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 28, no. 10 (October 1, 1991): 1583–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e91-142.
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Debris flow deposits of Chicago Creek and the sediment, pollen, and macrofossil records of Seeley Lake were studied to elucidate the Holocene history of the northwest flank of the Rocher Déboulé Range near Hazelton, British Columbia.The Chicago Creek drainage has experienced numerous rockfalls, debris slides, and debris flows. A large debris flow covering approximately 300 ha occurred about 3580 ± 150 BP. This flow was two to three orders of magnitude larger than historic debris flows in this drainage. It traveled about 3 km down Chicago Creek and dammed the outlet stream of Seeley Lake. A debris deposit along lower Chicago Creek is interpreted as the product of debris torrents that formed during or soon after the damming of Seeley Lake. Its surface exhibits soil development (rubification and profile development) comparable to that on the large debris flow, suggesting equivalent age.Pollen and plant macrofossils are described from a core taken in Seeley Lake. This core spans the period from ca. 9200 BP to the present. A disturbance event in 3380 ± 110 BP, correlative with the large Chicago Creek debris flow, is recorded by a clastic sediment layer and changes in the microfossil and macrofossil assemblages.The Chicago Creek debris flow and debris torrent ca. 3500 BP may be the catastrophic event recorded in the story of the Medeek, an oral history or "ada'ok" of the Gitksan people of Hazelton.
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Struik, L. C. "Regional imbrication within Quesnel Terrane, central British Columbia, as suggested by conodont ages." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25, no. 10 (October 1, 1988): 1608–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e88-153.
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Quesnel Terrane, at Quesnel Lake, consists of two regional Triassic–Jurassic age-equivalent units, the Takla–Nicola and Slocan – King Salmon assemblages, as determined from conodonts and macrofossils. The upper mainly volcanic unit (Takla–Nicola) overlies the mainly pelitic unit (Slocan – King Salmon) and was probably emplaced by thrusting. The lower unit consists of dark grey pelite, siltite, limestone, and lesser amounts of fragmental basalt and greywacke. The upper unit consists of fragmental basalt, diorite, greywacke, and lesser amounts of dark grey siltite and pelite and limestone. The unit age and stacking order suggest that during the Jurassic, the volcanic-rich thrust sheet was transported northeastward over an eastern, more pelitic facies of the terrane. The northwesterly trending thrust trace is approximately 300 km long. The Triassic and Lower Jurassic subduction-generated volcanic unit may have been deposited on sediments and volcanics equivalent to the upper Paleozoic Harper Ranch Group; the eastern Triassic and Lower Jurassic pelite unit may have been deposited on the pillow basalt and ribbon chert of the upper Paleozoic Slide Mountain Group. The upper Paleozoic Harper Ranch and Slide Mountain group rocks may have rested on attenuated North American crust.
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Fyles, J. W., I. H. Fyles, W. J. Beese, and M. C. Feller. "Forest floor characteristics and soil nitrogen availability on slash-burned sites in coastal British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21, no. 10 (October 1, 1991): 1516–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x91-212.
Full textAbstract:
Organic forest floor materials were surveyed on spring and fall slash-burned sites in the Sproat Lake region of Vancouver Island 2 years after burning. Dominant organic matter types, distinguished according to morphological criteria, were sampled and incubated in the laboratory for 26 weeks with periodic leaching and measurement of mineral N. Mineralization data closely fit a first-order kinetic model. Field mineralization, estimated using mass of each organic matter type in the field and first-order model parameters corrected for local temperature, ranged from 2 to 6 g N•m−2•year−1, depending on burn severity, suggesting that slash burning did not reduce N availability below levels required to support early plantation growth, except in situations of severe burns on coarse-textured soils. Differential consumption of forest floor organic matter types increased spatial variability in N mineralization and resulted, at the most severely burned site, in 50% of mineralizable N being derived from materials covering only 5% of the site. Significant correlation between N mineralization and codes and indices of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System indicated that predictions of slash-burn impacts on site fertility may be made from weather conditions prior to and during burning.
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Mellow, J. Dean, Kenneth Reeder, and Elizabeth Forster. "Using Time-Series Research Designs to Investigate the Effects of Instruction on SLA." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 18, no. 3 (September 1996): 325–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100015059.
Full textAbstract:
This paper argues that the study of second language acquisition theory and pedagogy can be enhanced through the use of time-series research designs. As quasi-experiments, time-series designs have features that improve internal validity. In addition, because these designs only require a small number of subjects, they are very practical, encouraging a greater number of empirical investigations of the many claims within the field and permitting the use of authentic measures that have high construct validity. The longitudinal nature of the designs also enhances construct validity, potentially yielding new insights into the effects of instruction on SLA. The designs utilized in two time-series studies (Kennedy, E., 1988, The Oral Interaction of Native Speakers and Non-Native Speakers in a Multicultural Preschool: A Comparison between Freeplay and Contrived NS/NSS Dyads, unpublished master's thesis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Mellow, J. D., 1996, April, A Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Instruction on the Development of Article Use by Adult Japanese ESL Learners, unpublished manuscript, University of British Columbia, Vancouver) are reviewed in order to illustrate the design features, the questions that may be investigated, and the issues that are raised in interpreting data.