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1
Manyakanyaka, Anathi. "The variability of retention in St Helena Bay." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32519.
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The circulation in St Helena Bay and the variability of the retention of the Bay are investigated using seasonal climatologies of the Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS). While retention has been studied biologically, the seasonality of the hydrodynamics contributing to the retention have received less attention. In this study we explore how the sea temperature, atmospheric forcing and currents contribute to the seasonal recirculation dynamics in St Helena Bay. Ichthyop, a lagrangian particle tracking method is used to study the spatial variations of local retention rates, with the particles released from the Bay. The circulation on the shelf of the west coast is dominated by upwelling dynamics with the equatorward boundary current, the Benguela Current located just off the shelf. St Helena Bay is protected from the direct impact of the Benguela current by coastal geographical features. A cyclonic circulation pattern is observed in the bay especially in autumn and winter. However, the results suggest that the recirculation patterns are prominent in summer and spring due to the intensification of the Benguela Jet and the nearshore southward current flows along the coast. Similar cyclonic features are observed at 100 m depth in the water column. An analysis of the particle tracking reveals that more drifters are retained in winter than in summer, supported by what is observed in the circulation patterns. Moreover, more drifters are retained in the surface waters than the deep waters.
2
Chaffey, David John. "Characterisation of ocean island basalt sources : St. Helena." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/625/.
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The extrusive and intrusive members of the St. Helena rock suite (SHRS) are formed in an intra-oceanic plate tectonic setting as part of two shield volcanoes. The SHRS vary from picrobasalts to phonofites. The former represent mantle derived melts, whereas the remainder of the suite have undergone differing degrees of crystal fractionation. A stratigraphic framework is developed to illustrate temporal geochemical variations over 2 Ma of subaerial activity. This is accomplished in conjunction with a detailed field study of the SHRS by Baker(1968) which is shown to be largely accurate. It is demonstrated that ascending magma batches are substantially modified by crystal fractionation and subsequent alteration processes. Petrogenetic modelling shows that the genesis of the SHRS is consistent with small degree (1-10%) melting of an olivine - clinopyroxene - orthopyroxene - garnet source containing a residual K-rich phase. Combined Sr-Nd-Pb isotope and fractionation corrected trace element data for fresh rocks enable consideration of changing thermal and chemical fluxes impinging on and interacting with the base of the lithosphere over a period of at least 2 Ma. The existence of two geochemically distinct components in the source region is indicated. A H/MU (high 238U /104Pb)c omponent has extremely radiogenic Pb isotopes (206Pb/104Pb> 20.8) with 143Nd/'44Nd and 87S8r,6 Sr displaced below the mantle array. The complementary depleted component has less radio genic Pb and Sr isotopic compositions and more radio genic Nd compositions. The limited variation of geochemical compositions in the SHRS (caused by mixing of these components) is attributed to the dissimilarity of the components in terms of their trace element abundance and their similarity in terms of ratios of highly incompatible elements. Coupled trace element and isotope variations are evident during the activity of each volcano. During shield development an increase in incompatible trace element enrichment occurs. This is coupled to a decrease in 143Nd/'44Nd, whilst Sr and Pb become progressively more radiogenic. The time dependent variations are thought to be consistent with mixing and melting processes occurring at the base of, or within the lithosphere. A decrease in the signature of the depleted component at the end of activity of the NE volcano and SW volcano is the inferred result of a decreasing thermal flux acting on the base of the lithosphere. With lower heat input less fusion of the depleted component (from the asthenosphere or lithosphere) occurs resulting in an increased H/MU signature in the erupted products through time. Previous explanations for the development of the dominant HIMU component are critically reviewed by considering shared isotope and trace element characteristics for HIMU OIB. U-Th-Pb systematics suggest the HIMU component has remained discrete from other mantle components for approximately 2 Ga. The fractionation event producing the H/MU component is shown to cause an increase in U/Pb and a decrease in Rb/Sr and Th/U.. This is thought to be consistent with a model suggested by Hofmann and White(1980,1982). in which HIMU represents ancient recycled altered oceanic crust. It is demonstrated that other models are less tenable. It is thought that the HIMU characteristics necessitate modification of oceanic crust in subduction zones in addition to the geochemical changes caused by hydrothermal alteration of oceanic crust.
3
Samuels, Damian. "Cape-Helena: An exploration of nostalgia and identity through the Cape Town - St. Helena migration nexus." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6542.
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Magister Artium - MA (History)In the following two chapters I will attempt to offer a more systemic account of St. Helena immigration to South African between 1838 and 1948. To date, no such study has been undertaken, despite a vibrant oral tradition amongst the descendants of St. Helena immigrants celebrating their St. Helenian heritage and often, in peculiar fashion, romanticise their Island of provenance. The commencement date for my chosen timeframe emerges from a need to authenticate rather tenuous historical accounts of St. Helena’s first mass emigration for the Cape of Good Hope in 1838. Where cases of migration are discussed, these are either incidences of large-scale 41, often aided, migration and settlement, or of those St. Helena migrant workers initially employed under temporary contacts to work in South Africa, specifically within burgeoning industrial sectors of the late-nineteenth or early-twentieth century South Africa.
4
Burns, Fiona E. "Conservation biology of the endangered St. Helena Plover Charadrius sanctaehelenae." Thesis, University of Bath, 2011. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.544502.
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Oceanic islands contribute significantly to global biodiversity due to the high levels of endemism they exhibit. Many island species have, however, become extinct following the arrival of humans, and many others remain threatened. This thesis focuses on one of these threatened island species; the St. Helena Plover, Charadrius sanctaehelenae. The objectives of my PhD were threefold: to understand the current status of the St. Helena Plover, to investigate aspects of its environment that may threaten its persistence, and to compare conservation options. Observational data were used to understand how variation in the environment influences the plover’s distribution and demography. This information was used to inform a controlled trial investigating the use of nest exclosures as a way to improve productivity. New understanding of the species’ population ecology was brought together to create a stochastic meta-population model. This model was used to understand the influence of demographic and life history parameters on the population growth rate and to compare alternative conservation options. Indicators of the future status of the St. Helena Plover population appear mixed; with numbers predicted to decline slowly, but with a high chance of species persistence over the timeframe simulated, 50 years. Nest predation by introduced species, predominately cats, was predicted to suppress nest survival and bring productivity at some sites below that required for population stability. The use of nest exclosures did not increase nest survival and led to a decrease in adult survival. Habitat characteristics were more important in determining the species distribution than influencing its demography. The plovers appeared to select breeding habitat to maximise the visibility from the nest and the accessibility of invertebrate prey. Simulations suggested that predator control would have a large beneficial effect on the population growth rate and that concurrent habitat improvement would have greater than additive benefits. Targets for conservation management include Deadwood Plain; predator control as this key site was predicted to lead to the largest increase in the overall population growth rate, and Man and Horse; there may be potential at this site to increase adult survival, which was found to be the most influential demographic parameter.
5
Eastwood, Antonia. "Evolution and conservation of Commidendrum and Elaphoglossum from St. Helena." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13764.
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St Helena is an isolated volcanic island (lat. 15° 56'S, long. 5°42'W) in the South Atlantic Ocean. The endemic flora of St Helena, comprised of 49 plant species, is considered to be one of the most threatened in the world. This thesis investigates the evolution and conservation of two threatened groups of plants endemic to St Helena: i) trees in the genera Commidendrum and Melanodehdron (Asteraceae) and ii) epiphytic and terrestrial elaphoglossoid ferns in the genera Elaphoglossum and Microstaphyla (Lomariopsidaceae)Chapter two investigates species relationships of Commidendrum and Melanodendron using the ITS region of ribosomal DNA. Despite showing a range of morphological and ecological variation the four species of Commidendrum form a closely related monophyletic group. Melanodendron integrfolium is sister to Commidendrum indicating that the two genera evolved from a common ancestor which arrived to St Helena via a single dispersal event. The role of heterochrony in the evolution of Commidendrum is discussed. Chapter three investigates self-incompatibility and hybridisation in two of the most threatened Commidendrum species, C. rotundfolium and C. spurium. RAPD data indicated the presence of hybrids in the seed orchards of C. rotundfolium and C. spurium. Self-incompatibility in C. rotundfolium and C. spurium was investigated using a series of pollination experiments which examined pollen-stigma interaction at the stigma interface. Both C. rotundifolium and C. spurium possess a sporophytic self-incompatibility system, and poor seed viability in C. rotundfolium is due to a paucity of S-alleles. The conservations implications of this and interspecific hybridisation are discussed. Chapter four investigates the evolutionary relationships of the four elaphoglossid ferns, E. dimorphum, E. nervosum, E. conforme and M furcata from St Helena using sequences of the chloroplast trnL intron (partial) and trnL-F intergenic spacer. The investigation revealed the close relationship of E. nervosum, E. dimorphum and Mi furcata, whilst E. conforme was found to be distantly related. Microstaphyla furcata is shown to belong to Elaphoglossum confirming the previous transfer of this species to Elaphoglossum bfurcatum. Species relationships of the endemic Elaphoglossum, and the extent and distribution of population genetic diversity were investigated using allozyme analysis in chapter five. As well as supporting the relationships of the taxa in the molecular phylogeny, the allozyme data suggest a hybrid origin of E. dimorphum between E. nervosum and E. bfurcatum. In addition the allozyme data revealed significant genetic differentiation in populations of E. nervosum and E. bfurcatum which should be taken into consideration in any future conservation programme. To conclude, Chapter 5 is a general discussion on the evolution and conservation of island plants, highlighting my research findings from St Helena and comparing it to other studies.
6
Rowe, Rebecca E. "The population biology of Trochetiopsis : a genus endemic to St Helena." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308742.
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Waldron, Howard Neil. "Influences on the hydrology of the Cape Columbine/St. Helena region." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21856.
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Bibliography: pages 92-101.The overall objective of the thesis is to investigate and interpret hydrological events occurring at the Cape Columbine upwelling site and the adjacent coastal waters, with special reference to St. Helena Bay. The first step in the study involves monitoring the meteorological occurrences which resulted in the prevailing hydrology and thus give a general background to the observed structure. It became necessary to establish two sub-systems in the area which can be distinguished on the basis of the time scales within which they operate. Generally speaking, outside St. Helena Bay the waters have a 3-5 day synoptic variability governed by meteorological conditions, but within the semi-closed system of the Bay itself a longer time span of around 25 days governs the processes in this separate but inextricably linked water body.
8
Schulenburg, Alexander Hugo. "Transient observations : the textualizing of St Helena through five hundred years of colonial discourse." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3419.
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This thesis explores the textualizing of the South Atlantic island of St Helena (a British Overseas Territory) through an analysis of the relationship between colonizing practices and the changing representations of the island and its inhabitants in a range of colonial 'texts', including historiography, travel writing, government papers, creative writing, and the fine arts. Part I situates this thesis within a critical engagement with post-colonial theory and colonial discourse analysis primarily, as well as with the recent 'linguistic turn' in anthropology and history. In place of post-colonialism's rather monolithic approach to colonial experiences, I argue for a localised approach to colonisation, which takes greater account of colonial praxis and of the continuous re-negotiation and re-constitution of particular colonial situations. Part II focuses on a number of literary issues by reviewing St Helena's historiography and literature, and by investigating the range of narrative tropes employed (largely by travellers) in the textualizing of St Helena, in particular with respect to recurrent imaginings of the island in terms of an earthly Eden. Part III examines the nature of colonial 'possession' by tracing the island's gradual appropriation by the Portuguese, Dutch and English in the sixteenth and early seventeenth century and the settlement policies pursued by the English East India Company in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century. Part IV provides an account of the changing perceptions, by visitors and colonial officials alike, of the character of the island's inhabitants (from the late eighteenth to the early twentieth century) and assesses the influence that these perceptions have had on the administration of the island and the political status of its inhabitants (in the mid- to late twentieth century). Part V, the conclusion, reviews the principal arguments of my thesis by addressing the political implications of post-colonial theory and of my own research, while also indicating avenues for further research. A localised and detailed exploration of colonial discourse over a period of nearly five hundred years, and a close analysis of a consequently wide range of colonial 'texts', has confirmed that although colonising practices and representations are far from monolithic, in the case of St Helena their continuities are of as much significance as their discontinuities.
9
Van, Sittert Lance. "Labour, capital and the state in the St. Helena Bay fisheries c.1856 - c.1956." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21708.
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This thesis deals with the history of the St Helena Bay inshore fisheries, 1856-1956. Fishing has long been neglected by social and economic historians and the myths propagated by company and popular writers still hold sway. The thesis challenges these by situating commercial fishing at St Helena Bay in the context of changing regional, national and international economies and showing how it was shaped and conditioned by the struggle for ownership of the marine resource between labour and capital, mediated by the state. The thesis is organised chronologically into three epochs. In each the focus moves from macro to micro, tracing the processes of class formation, capital accumulation and state intervention. The first epoch (c.1856-c.1914) examines the merchant fisheries, the second (c.1914-c.1939) the crayfish canning industry and the third ( c.1939-c.195) secondary industrialisation. It is argued that the common property nature of the marine resource and non-identity between labour and production time in fishing created obstacles to capitalist production, discouraging investment and allowing petty-commodity production to flourish. The latter mediated the vagaries of production through a share system of co-adventuring which enabled owners to avoid paying a fixed wage. This system's impact on the nature and consciousness of fishing labour is examined as is its vulnerability to capture by other capitals through insecure land tenure and credit. Fishing capital, in both its merchant and productive guises was dependent on articulation with petty-commodity production to provide it with commodities or raw material and bear the cost of reproducing labour. Articulation was hampered at St Helena Bay both by the persistence of merchant capital and the rent and labour interests of Sandveld agriculture. The origins and effect of this situation on the fisheries is detailed and discussed, highlighting the importance of agricultural capital's political influence with the colonial and provincial state in blocking or subverting the development of productive capital. The advent of the interventionist central state in the 1930s undermined merchant and farmer dominance of the fisheries and cleared the way for the articulation of petty-commodity primary production with secondary industry during and after the Second World War. This articulation was facilitated by the central state restricting access to the marine · resource and investing heavily in marine research and infrastructure to roll-back the natural constraints on fishing and create the conditions for the establishment of a stable capitalist production regime.
10
Shultz, O. "An ethnography of St Helena Bay - A West Coast Town in the age of neoliberalism." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14266.
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This dissertation uses ethnography as a means to examine how multiple-scale patterns of interaction between social and ecological systems as they manifest locally in St Helena Bay. The growing integration of the West Coast has brought rapid change in the form of industrial production, urban development and in-migration. The pressure placed on local resources by these processes has been exacerbated by the rationalisation of the local fisheries - there are fewer jobs in the formal industry and small-scale fishing rights have become circumscribed. In the neighbourhood of Laingville, historically-contingent racial categories have become reinvigorated in a context resource scarcity. An autochthonous cultural heritage related to the West Coast has become transposed onto the category of 'real' or 'bona fide' fishers. For those who claim this identity, it serves as a means to legitimate claims to resources while simultaneously excluding the claims of others. A pattern of recurring dichotomies emerges as a defining motif capturing the sense among local people that threatening elements from 'outside' are imposing themselves on the local socio-ecology. For small-scale fishers, the lack of recognition by the state of what they believe is their autochthonous right to access to the marine commons feeds an intense sense of frustration. The act of breaking 'the rules' of the state is perceived by many as an assertion of their rights and thus, of their dignity. In the case of poaching, it is seen by fishers as a means to become an active agent in one's own life, while at the same time making more money than could be made if fishing rules were adhered to. Because of these powerful symbolic and material motivations for breaking the rules, it is something that many people take pride in doing. In contradistinction to this, following the rules of the state is seen as collaborating with the state in undermining one's own socio-economic conditions, and, significantly, in negating one's birthright. For many fishers in Laingville, adhering to the rules is infused stigma
11
Tukwayo, Philiswa P. "Temporal and spatial variability in a copepod community off St Helena Bay in 2000/1." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6204.
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Bibliography: leaves 34-39.The driving forces behind changes in copepod community structure in the Benguela upwelling region are examined. For this study, monthly changes in copepod size structure and species composition were examined at St Helena Bay in 2000/1 in relation to upwelling, phytoplankton and fish. The copepod assemblage was dominated by large species categories in the early period of recruitment (April) and smaller species categories in the late period of recruitment (August). The reappearance of large species categories and increase in copepod biomass is observed in summer months. This is attributed to both predation and upwelling intensity. Arguments are developed to suggest that the copepod size. structure is consistent with 'wasp-waist' control and 'bottom-up' control was responsible for the copepod increase.
12
Holden, Clive John. "Spatial and temporal scales of the coastal currents in the St. Helena Bay - Cape Columbine Region." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22335.
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Bibliography: pages 96-103.This thesis presents the results of a current meter experiment performed in the St Helena Bay - Cape Columbine region during winter 1982. The work, which forms part of the shelf dynamics programme undertaken by the Sea Fisheries Research Institute, attempts to identify the important time and spatial scales within the coastal currents and to investigate the relationship between the sub-inertial flow and low frequency variations in the coastal winds.
13
Mushanganyisi, Kanakana S. "Seasonal and spatial variability of pelagic fishes in relation to environmental variability in St Helena Bay." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31795.
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The St Helena Bay Monitoring Line (SHBML) stretches 197 nautical miles off Elands Bay on the west coast of South Africa. It is an extensive long term project on environmental monitoring, running from 2000 till 2012 on an almost monthly basis but currently running on a quarterly basis. It extends through the nursery grounds and part of the transport zone for hydrology and productivity in areas that are significant to early life history of small pelagic fish. Environmental, acoustic and zooplankton data have been collected along the SHBML to obtain information on ocean environment, pelagic fish abundance and also zooplankton abundance. This study used an interdisciplinary approach, analysing historical data collected during biannual surveys of small pelagic fish, to investigate seasonal and spatial variability of pelagic fishes in relation to environmental variability in St Helena Bay. Surface values from 2000 to 2010 of temperature, salinity, oxygen and chlorophyll were analysed in relation to zooplankton and fish densities. The results show partial / weak seasonality of SST in offshore and also in coastal stations. Zooplankton, chlorophyll and oxygen show limited seasonality only in nearshore stations. Strong cross-shelf patterns of SST, chlorophyll, salinity, oxygen, zooplankton biomass and fish abundance were noted. These were expected results from a coastal upwelling system where primary productivity during summer is increased in the nearshore zone. There was a positive relationship between salinity and SST (r = 0.821, p< 0.0001) and a negative relationship between chlorophyll and SST (r = -0.549, p< 0.001), as would be expected in a coastal upwelling environment. When other variables were examined (also in pairs), there were no relationships between SST and oxygen, fish and zooplankton, fish and chlorophyll, fish and SST, fish and oxygen, and chlorophyll and zooplankton. A GLM was fitted to the data to investigate the relationship of pelagic fish density with zooplankton biovolume, chlorophyll, SST and oxygen; the GLM results showed a negative relationship between zooplankton abundance and pelagic fish (t=-1.980, p=0.049). Based on these results, it appears that the SHBML data were not able to pick up seasonal signals but have shown interannual variability and also some inshore-offshore differences.
14
Crichton, Murray. "Are distinct particle spectra an indication of the state of the phytoplankton community in St Helena Bay?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12104.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
The potential of phytoplankton particle spectra to be used as the basis for an indicator of the suitability of feeding habitat for fish recruits in the Southern Benguela was investigated. Phytoplankton samples collected on regular cruises on the St Helena Bay Monitoring Line (SHBML) off Elands Bay on the west coast of South Africa had been analysed with the Coulter Counter and formed the basis of this study. Chlorophyll a content of phytoplankton samples was also measured on monthly cruises and with total particle concentration (determined by the Coulter Counter) showed that overall phytoplankton cells represented a significant portion (76%) of samples collected. Surface particle spectra were constructed for the 12 stations on the SHBML for each of 15 monthly cruises between September 2000 and February 2007.
15
Essex, Corinda Sebastiana Stuart. "Class teacher attrition : an investigation of self-reported job satisfaction and commitment amongst teachers on St. Helena island." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/9d4b9539-742e-4735-8371-7919c8ad045a.
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This study investigated levels of job satisfaction and commitment reported by the population of class teachers on St. Helena Island (N = 76), and was set in the context of burgeoning turnover that threatens local educational provision. It explored possible determinants, correlates and implications of these constructs and their interrelationship, drawing comparisons with findings from other cultural environments. The investigation aimed to obtain high quality data that could inform policy decisions designed to reduce attrition, and to test established theories relating to job satisfaction and commitment within a small, developing state setting. A model of possible influences upon the constructs in question and their effect upon career decisions was developed. A three-phase research design was used, involving both qualitative and quantitative approaches to data collection. A purpose-built survey instrument, containing both scale and open-ended items, was constructed and administered. Non-participant observations and interviews were also undertaken. The findings reveal that although most St. Helenian class teachers were moderately satisfied with their jobs and committed to these, all found certain aspects of their role dissatisfying, and a quarter (N = 19) wished to cease teaching. Job satisfaction and commitment were found to possess a weak, positive relationship. Significant differences existed between responses of class teachers within different school sectors, and of those having disparate lengths of teaching experience. These appeared influenced by contextual and personal demographic factors. Similarities between challenges and constraints facing local class teachers and those in both developed, and other developing, states emerged strongly. Emanating from the results, recommendations for changes at strategic and operational levels that may reduce class teacher attrition were formulated, and areas for further research identified. The investigation, thus, sheds light upon the job satisfaction and commitment of St. Helenian class teachers and contributes to international literature pertaining to the theoretical aspects of these constructs
16
Schultz, Oliver John. "Belonging to the West Coast : an ethnography of St Helena Bay in the context of marine resource scarcity." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13040.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-96).This dissertation uses ethnography as a means to examine how multiple-scale patterns of interaction between social and ecological systems as they manifest locally in St Helena Bay. The growing integration of the West Coast has brought rapid change in the form of industrial production, urban development and in-migration. The pressure placed on local resources by these processes has been exacerbated by the rationalisation of the local fisheries - there are fewer jobs in the formal industry and small-scale fishing rights have become circumscribed. In the neighbourhood of Laingville, historically-contingent racial categories have become reinvigorated in a context resource scarcity.
17
Ismail, Hassan Ebrahiem. "Seasonal variability and the relationship between dissolved inorganic nutrients and selected environmental parameters inshore and offshore of St. Helena Bay." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2550.
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Thesis (MTech (Chemistry))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.The purpose of the present study was to apply data collected monthly over a 6-year period along the almost 200 km long St. Helena Bay Monitoring Line in the Southern Benguela upwelling system to investigate co-variation between an upwelling index calculated from nearby wind records and physical and chemical properties along the transect. The extent to which the well-documented seasonal upwelling cycles is manifested at the surface along an inshore-offshore variation was investigated in the context of implications for the validity of remote sensing as a monitoring tool in this ocean area and to improve understanding of the physical drivers of biological processes in St. Helena Bay. This study shows that surface temperature and nutrient concentrations exhibit very poor seasonality and weak correlation with the upwelling index. This is, despite clear evidence for spatial inshore-offshore gradients in temperature, nutrients, and chlorophyll-a, consistent with an upwelling regime. The upper ocean temperature gradient shows a much better correspondence to the upwelling index but at the same time demonstrates that surface heating, and not vertical mixing related to upwelling, controls the upper ocean temperature gradient. In this study linear lagged correlations were also examined and discussed to gain insight into the effect upwelling has on the surface waters in St. Helena Bay with the view of determining the following: (1) Does upwelling lead to an increase or decrease of the water properties? (2) What is the characteristic lag between an upwelling event and its effect on these water properties? (3) Is the effect and/or lag different for the different seasons? and (4) Is the effect and/or lag different for stations inside the bay and those outside the bay?. A combination of surface turbulent cooling through upwelling occurred after a lag of 8 to 10 days in winter and early summer, but less than half in late summer, similar to results obtained with salinity. However, the rest of the salinity results fit in poorly with the temperature results. The only significant correlation obtained with the inshore stations during late summer is the inexplicable positive correlation at a lag of 7 days. For all three seasons virtually none of the oxygen results fit the expected pattern. All three nutrients showed a more positive correlation coefficient and significance than the negative ones. Significant negative correlations occurred mainly during late summer at lags of 7 to 9 days caused by planktonic depletion of nutrients. Also, in this season, significant positive correlations between south-north wind and nutrients only occurred at short lags. This observation supports the earlier temperature-based conclusion that the influence of upwelling develops most rapidly at this time of the year. A rapid increase in chlorophyll-a levels followed by nutrient enrichment of the surface layers are evident. iii The results suggest that remote sensing techniques would be inadequate tools to monitor upwelling events in the Southern Benguela. Secondly, the incidence of phytoplankton blooms is more likely triggered by stratified conditions associated with surface heating than relaxation of upwelling winds. Finally, these results also emphasise the importance of validating lagged outputs against real-time measurements in supporting a simpler hydrological model in narrowing down these significant uncertainties.
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Hughes, Elaine. "The third order of St Dominic, the Lay Dominicans : a possible way forward for an order in crisis / Elaine Hughes." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1498.
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This dissertation deals with the Roman Catholic Order founded by Saint Dominic
in 1215. The Order encompasses Friar Preachers, Christian Brothers, Active
Religious Sisters, Contemplative Sisters and the Lay Dominicans.
Saint Dominic was instrumental in defeating heresy in southern France, which had
been brought about by former Christians alienated from the Church and its
teachings. During this period, Saint Dominic and his helpers were threatened and
abused for challenging heresy and for reconverting former heretics to Christianity.
In 1207, Saint Dominic and his helpers met a group of ladies and converted them
back to their former ascetic lives as Catholic nuns. The land and shelter acquired
for them adjacent to the Church of Saint Mary of Prouille was to become the first
established convent for Dominican nuns.
Saint Dominic continued his preaching and teaching as the Dominican Order
developed, the first English Priory being established in Oxford on 15th August
1221. Within a century, fifty Priories had been set up in the United Kingdom alone.
Prior to his death in 1221, Saint Dominic had been instrumental in the
establishment of the Rule and Constitution of the Order, which covered liturgy
and asceticism and dealt with aspects concerning the government of the Order.
The Rule and Constitution of the Order still applies in today. However, the last
three decades have seen the Order facing a crisis with continuing falling numbers
of entrants from the western World. This dissertation examines the possible causes
and effects of such a decline, along with the impact this has had on its present and
future continuation as seen by the Dominicans themselves. The author also
explores a possible solution to relieve the crisis.Thesis (M.Th. (Church and Dogma History))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.
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Crom, Helena [Verfasser], Hans-Joachim [Gutachter] Trappe, and Christian [Gutachter] Perings. "Haarcortisol als chronischer Stressparameter bei Patienten mit akutem ST-Strecken-Hebungsinfarkt / Helena Crom ; Gutachter: Hans-Joachim Trappe, Christian Perings ; Medizinische Fakultät." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1214443141/34.
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DUCHESNE, David George. "THE CHANGING POSITION OF THE SERVING BROT HERS AND THEIR CARITATIVE FUNCTIONS IN THE ORDER OF ST JOHN IN JERUSALEM AND ACRE, ca 1070-1291." University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4086.
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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)Study of the serving brothers of the Order of St John and of the way in which the original idealism of their hostel in Jerusalem was altered by forces of change has been neglected. The ultimate result of these forces was to change the main ideology of the brotherhood into an organisation which was dominated by knights and their desire to defend the Catholic Faith and the Crusader states. The importance of the original brothers and their position within the growth of the Order of St John changed. They became second class citizens in their own Order and this has been largely overlooked. In order to appreciate how this development took place it is necessary to trace the changing circumstances of the serving brothers within the various stages of the history of the Order and the way these affected their caritative service to pilgrims, the poor and the sick. The purpose and ideals which formulated the Hospice of St Mary of the Latins are the essential beginnings of such a study. Following the capture of Jerusalem by the Crusaders in 1099, the Hospice launched into a different phase of its history. The number of poor sick pilgrims visiting Jerusalem and being accommodated in the hospice or hospital, eventually forced the Hospital to become independent from its mother monastery. However, this became possible only after Pope Paschal II settled the problems of church and state experienced in the early years of the Kingdom.
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Cassar, Carmel. "Economy, society and identity in early modern Malta." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272748.
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Rose, Juliet. "The Role of Strategic Partnerships, Policy and Funding Mechanisms in Strategic Management Planning for the Crown Wastes on St Helena Island, South Atlantic." Thesis, University of Reading, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485348.
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St Helena in the South Atlantic has undergone centuries ofdegradation, followed by decades ofunmanaged re-vegetation. The island's landscape is dominated by the Crown Wastes: wastelands ofbare soil and sparse mainly exotic scrub which accounts for over 60% ofthe island's land area. The Crown Wastes need a managed recovery programme that can meet the island's needs through a range ofdifferent objectives that include endemic plant conservation, agriculture, forestry, tourism and housing. Implementing an environmental management approach with complex and varied objectives carnes with it a considerable management responsibility, and a requirement for sufficient and consistent technical, financial and human capacity. However, extremely limited hmnan, technical and financial resources are available for environmental management on St Helena due a range ofpolitical, social and economic issues associated with the island. This study looks specifically at three ofthe obstacles integral to effective environmental management and recovery on St Helena and the Crown Wastes in particular: b~ding capacity; resources; and guidance and explores the role ofstrategic partnerships. (Government and NGO), funding and policy mechanisms in helping to overcome them. These three areas are explored uSing a combination ofstakeholder and documentary analysis methodologies. A semi-structured interview technique was chosen for stakeholder consultation and the results displayed as role- and conceptually-ordered matrices.This study concludes that while the island faces a complex range of challenges to environmental management, there is a no less daunting array ofopportunities that will require considerable effort to-exploit effectively. Strategic partnerships, policy and funding mechanisms all have specific and important roles to play in the development ofa . strategic environmental management plan for the Crown Wastes.
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Grove, R. "Conservation and colonial expansion : a study of the evolution of environmental attitudes and conservation policies on St. Helena, Mauritius and in India, 1660-1860." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272256.
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The approach adopted in this thesis is essentially chronological. The first chapter aims to provide a fairly superficial survey of the development of European perceptions of the environment in the early phases of mercantilist expansion, before much in the way of colonial settlement was undertaken. It highlights the connections between expansion and changes in perception with regard to the symbolic importance of islands, botanic gardens and early state responses to timber shortage. It also draws attention to the importance of medical perceptions of the extra-European environment. In the second chapter a comparison is drawn between Dutch and English approaches to the tropical environment in the early years of expansion. Considerable space is devoted to the case of St Helena. This is because it was the first location in which European colonists first acquired a notion of the full environmental implications of their rule and for which detailed documentary evidence is available. The story of the developing ecological crisis on St Helena emphasises how inadequate European precedents were in the encounter between the early colonial state and the tropical environment. It demonstrates, too, the early divergence in perceptions between colonists and the metropolitan power. Early attempts at counteracting the process of ecological deterioration on St Helena underlined the contradictions between the European image of the tropical island and the reality of capital investment in plantation agriculture and 'improvement'. The experience of St Helena was also important in a longer-term way. Many scientists important in the later development of conservation ideas in other parts of the world were specifically influenced by their knowledge of the problematic history of land-use on St Helena and the attempts made there to impede ecological degradation. These included Alexander Beatson, J.R. Forster, Joseph Hooker, F.A. Dalzell and G.P. Marsh. In the third chapter much attention is devoted to the history of eighteenth century Mauritius, partly for comparative purposes and partly to emphasise the attitude of the French state to scientific information and its greater readiness to intervene in environmental matters. The development of an environmental consciousness on Mauritius was significant both as a phenomenon on its own and because of the example which it set. The role of the colonial government naturalist was pioneered there. Concepts of species extinction also emerged clearly, for the first time, on Mauritius and the island also saw the emergence of a legislative conservation policy rooted in a desiccation theory which linked deforestation and soil erosion to hydrological and climatic conditions. Notions of environmental moral economy and the significance of the tropical island are also explored in the chapter, in the context of the emergence of pre-Revolutionary radicalism, Physiocracy and early Romantic thinking. Chapter Four attempts to deal in some depth with the intellectual background to the early nineteenth century response of the British to ecological change in India. The importance of German science and a German 'romanticist' critique of ecological change is outlined and some emphasis is given to the emergence of a 'global' approach to the interactions between people (especially Europeans) and the environment. In particular the significance of the intellectual links between the Cook Voyages and the careers of J.R. Forster, Sir Joseph Banks and Alexander Von Humboldt is stressed. A beginning is also made in the task of surveying the way in which German professional naturalists and doctors deliberately sought out British colonial employ, a phenomenon that was to be important in the emergence of state conservation in India, the Cape, Australia and in other colonies. The chapter makes clear the continuing importance of small island environments during the nineteenth century in stimulating an awareness of environmental vulnerability, particularly for Alexander Beatson, William Burchell and J.B. Boussingault.
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Hahsler, Michael, Kurt Hornik, and Christian Buchta. "Getting Things in Order: An Introduction to the R package seriation." Department of Statistics and Mathematics, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2007. http://epub.wu.ac.at/852/1/document.pdf.
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Seriation, i.e., finding a linear order for a set of objects given data and a loss or merit function, is a basic problem in data analysis. Caused by the problem's combinatorial nature, it is hard to solve for all but very small sets. Nevertheless, both exact solution methods and heuristics are available. In this paper we present the package seriation which provides the infrastructure for seriation with R. The infrastructure comprises data structures to represent linear orders as permutation vectors, a wide array of seriation methods using a consistent interface, a method to calculate the value of various loss and merit functions, and several visualization techniques which build on seriation. To illustrate how easily the package can be applied for a variety of applications, a comprehensive collection of examples is presented.Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics
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Fawcett, Alexandra. "Multi-sensor mooring development and its use to characterise physical processes relevant to harmful algal bloom dynamics in the St Helena Bay area, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6470.
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Word processed copy.Includes bibliographical references.
Harmful algal blooms (HABs), typically attributed to dinoflagellate species, occur along the west coast of South Africa, particularly during the latter part of the upwelling season. As part of the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem (BCLME) programme, a buoy has been developed locally for monitoring the development and occurrence of HABs. The mooring is situated three and a half kilometres offshore from Lambert's Bay, downstream from the Cape Columbine upwelling cell, on the west coast of South Africa, and collects high frequency time series data, available in real time. The instrument package on the buoy provides bio-optical data analogous to remote sensing reflectance, temperature and current profile data, and fluorescence. The locally developed mooring and observing system is the only real-time, bio-optical mooring in southern Africa. Its development, and configuratoin of the instruments, data collection and telecommunications systems, are fully documented in this thesis.
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O'Malley, G. J. "The English Knights Hospitaller, c.1468-1540." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272606.
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Russell, Daniel Lee Jr. "The development of New Life Christian Academy: a resourceful K-5 to twelfth grade christian school established in a rural setting on St. Helena Island, South Carolina." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2013. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/2782.
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This dissertation will address the implementation of New Life Christian Academy (NLCA), a Christian Education School, produced out of New Life Deliverance Temple (NLDT), in St. Helena Island, South Carolina. The desire was to target students who have a desire in educational and spiritual achievements regardless of race, creed or religion. Parents who have become disillusioned with the Beaufort County public school system will be presented the progress of the current students at NLCA, who have transferred from the public school setting. The researcher founded the school by merging a homeschool run by a parent of NLDT and a new school which had never been operational. The advantage the researcher has concerning this project is that he was responsible for the grassroots implementation orchestrating every step from changing the county code allowing a school to locating modular buildings to house the school.
NLDT is not considered a ‘mega ministry’ (2,000 or more membership) nor is the church located in a major metropolis, but on a dirt road in a rural section of St. Helena Island. Though the church possessed meager funds, this lack of capital did not prevent the pursuit of building a Christian school on church property. The researcher formed a board to assist in searching for rules and regulations so that the school will be in compliance. The first teacher hired by NLCA was Mrs. Mary Bolles who started her homeschool and was very well versed in Christian and secular education. NLCA has formed relationships between parent, teacher and student resulting in increased communication. The empirical data to assist in developing the foundation for the school will include: (a) Surveys conducted showing how the children have transitioned into the Christian/ Secular educational setting, (b) Showing how other Christian Schools operate within Beaufort Schools, (c) Data which will confirm the weaknesses of area county schools, and (d) surveys which will aid in satisfying the needs of students, staff and parents.
Theologically, the Biblical basis for the school was discovered in Daniel the first chapter, showing four youths who had been forcibly removed from their native land and were successful in enemy territory, not compromising their Jewish values. The objective remains to parallel this Biblical past into a current motif which will allow the student to experience holistic curriculums of education, enabling them to meet life’s challenges, utilizing a Christian perspective.
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Peng, Ji. "Synchronization in the second-order Kuramoto model." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17355.
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Synchonisation ist ein universelles Phänomen welches in den Natur- und Ingenieurwissenschaften, aber auch in Sozialsystemen vorkommt. Verschiedene Modellsysteme wurden zur Beschreibung von Synchronisation vorgeschlagen, wobei das Kuramoto-Modell das am weitesten verbreitete ist. Das Kuramoto-Modell zweiter Ordnung beschreibt eigenständige Phasenoszillatoren mit heterogenen Eigenfrequenzen, die durch den Sinus ihrer Phasendifferenzen gekoppelt sind, und wird benutzt um nichtlineare Dynamiken in Stromnetzen, Josephson-Kontakten und vielen anderen Systemen zu analysieren. Im Laufe der letzten Jahre wurden insbesondere Netzwerke von Kuramoto-Oszillatoren studiert, da sie einfach genug für eine analytische Beschreibung und denoch reich an vielfältigen Phänomenen sind. Eines dieser Phänomene, explosive synchronization, entsteht in skalenfreien Netzwerken wenn eine Korrelation zwischen den Eigenfrequenzen der Oszillatoren und der Netzwerktopolgie besteht. Im ersten Teil dieser Dissertation wird ein Kuramoto-Netzwerk zweiter Ordnung mit einer Korrelation zwischen den Eigenfrequenzen der Oszillatoren und dem Netzwerkgrad untersucht. Die Theorie im Kontinuumslimit und für unkorrelierte Netzwerke wird für das Modell mit asymmetrischer Eigenfrequenzverteilung entwickelt. Dabei zeigt sich, dass Cluster von Knoten mit demselben Grad nacheinander synchronisieren, beginnend mit dem kleinsten Grad. Dieses neue Phänomen wird als cluster explosive synchronization bezeichnet. Numerische Untersuchungen zeigen, dass dieses Phänomen auch durch die Zusammensetzung der Netzwerkgrade beeinflusst wird. Zum Beispiel entstehen unstetige Übergänge nicht nur in disassortativen, sondern auch in stark assortativen Netzwerken, im Gegensatz zum Kuramoto-Modell erster Ordnung.Unstetige Phasenübergänge lassen sich anhand eines Ordnungsparameters und der Hysterese auf unterschiedliche Anfangsbedingungen zurückführen. Unter starken Störungen kann das System von wünschenswerten in nicht gewünschte Zustände übergehen. Diese Art der Stabilität unter starken Störungen kann mit dem Konzept der basin stability quantifiziert werden. Im zweiten Teil dieser Dissertation wird die basin stability der Synchronisation im Kuramoto-Modell zweiter Ordnung untersucht, wobei die Knoten separat gestört werden. Dabei wurde ein neues Phänomen mit zwei nacheinander auftretenden Übergängen erster Art entdeckt: Eine \emph{onset transition} von einer globalen Stabilität zu einer lokalen Instabilität, und eine suffusing transition von lokaler zu globaler Stabilität. Diese Abfolge wird als onset and suffusing transition bezeichnet.Die Stabilität von Netzwerknoten kann durch die lokale Netzwerktopologie beeinflusst werden, zum Beispiel haben Knoten neben Netzwerk-Endpunkten eine geringe basin stability. Daraus folgend wird ein neues Konzept der partiellen basin stability vorgeschlagen, insbesondere für cluster synchronization, um die wechselseitigen Stabilitätseinflüsse von Clustern zu quantifizieren.Dieses Konzept wird auf zwei wichtige reale Beispiele angewandt: Neuronale Netzwerke und das nordeuropäische Stromnetzwerk. Die neue Methode erlaubt es instabile und stabile Cluster in neuronalen Netzwerken zu identifizieren und erklärt wie Netzwerk-Endpunkte die Stabilität gefährden.Synchronization phenomena are ubiquitous in the natural sciences and engineering, but also in social systems. Among the many models that have been proposed for a description of synchronization, the Kuramoto model is most popular. It describes self-sustained phase oscillators rotating at heterogeneous intrinsic frequencies that are coupled through the sine of their phase differences. The second-order Kuramoto model has been used to investigate power grids, Josephson junctions, and other systems.The study of Kuramoto models on networks has recently been boosted because it is simple enough to allow for a mathematical treatment and yet complex enough to exhibit rich phenomena. In particular, explosive synchronization emerges in scale-free networks in the presence of a correlation between the natural frequencies and the network topology. The first main part of this thesis is devoted to study the networked second-order Kuramoto model in the presence of a correlation between the oscillators'' natural frequencies and the network''s degree. The theoretical framework in the continuum limit and for uncorrelated networks is provided for the model with an asymmetrical natural frequency distribution. It is observed that clusters of nodes with the same degree join the synchronous component successively, starting with small degrees. This novel phenomenon is named cluster explosive synchronization. Moreover, this phenomenon is also influenced by the degree mixing in the network connection as shown numerically. In particular, discontinuous transitions emerge not just in disassortative but also in strong assortative networks, in contrast to the first-order model. Discontinuous phase transitions indicated by the order parameter and hysteresis emerge due to different initial conditions. For very large perturbations, the system could move from a desirable state to an undesirable state. Basin stability was proposed to quantify the stability of a system to stay in the desirable state after being subjected to strong perturbations. In the second main part of this thesis, the basin stability of the synchronization of the second-order Kuramoto model is investigated via perturbing nodes separately. As a novel phenomenon uncovered by basin stability it is demonstrated that two first-order transitions occur successively in complex networks: an onset transition from a global instability to a local stability and a suffusing transition from a local to a global stability. This sequence is called onset and suffusing transition.Different nodes could have a different stability influence from or to other nodes. For example, nodes adjacent to dead ends have a low basin stability. To quantify the stability influence between clusters, in particular for cluster synchronization, a new concept of partial basin stability is proposed. The concept is implemented on two important real examples: neural networks and the northern European power grid. The new concept allows to identify unstable and stable clusters in neural networks and also explains how dead ends undermine the network stability of power grids.
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Walker, John. "The patronage of the Templars and of the Order of St. Lazarus in England in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2980.
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The main focus of this study is the patronage of the Templars and of the Order of St.Lazarus, two of the Holy Land orders who came to England in the twelfth century. They were thought to be connected, and afford interesting comparisons in terms of their size, function, importance and geographical distribution. Although this thesis considers the nature of the patronage and the patrons of both orders, the main aim is to assess the motivations behind the benefactions that they received during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. It is generally accepted that there was a basic spiritual motive behind the patronage of religious orders in the Middle Ages. Nevertheless, the motivations behind donations made to specific orders are not always clear. It is true that changing fashions in patronage towards particular types of order are of some importance. However, in order to explain the reasons why the Templars and Order of St.Lazarus specifically benefitted, it is necessary to consider factors relating to their own particular nature, as well as factors relating to the backgrounds of their patrons. The introductory part of the thesis considers the background of the two orders, their origins and development in the Holy Land, and their establishment in Europe and England. The rest of the thesis examines in detail the specific motivations of patrons. In this respect, the importance of the crusading background of the two orders is evaluated, and attention is paid to the numbers of patrons who went on crusade or who referred to the Holy Land in their charters of donation. In addition, the membership of both orders is considered in relation to the patronage of such members and their families. In particular, an assessment is made of the role of leper members of the Order of St.Lazarus, and lay associates of the Templars. In the final three chapters, the main concern is with the backgrounds of the orders' patrons. In this section a study is made of the patronage of large family grouping s for both orders. In addition, an examination of the significance of royal and baronial lordship on their patronage is carried out. Finally, the social and geographical associations of the patrons of both orders are considered, and particular note is made of the value of such ties for the Order of St.Lazarus in eastern Leicestershire. In conclusion, the various motivations to patronage for both the Templars and the Order of St.Lazarus are contrasted and evaluated.
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Lambrechtsen, Frans Joseph. "Second-Order Perturbation Analysis of the St. Venant Equations in Relation to Bed-Load Transport and Equilibrium Scour Hole Development." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4274.
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This analysis is an expansion of research done by Rollin Hotchkiss during his Ph.D work. The research uses fluid flow, sediment transport, and perturbation theory to predict where scour will occur in a variable-width channel. The resulting equations also determine equilibrium scour depth based upon the stream bed elevation derived from a dimensionless bed slope equation. Hotchkiss perturbed the width of the channel using a second order Taylor Series perturbation but neglected second order terms. The present work follows the same procedures as Hotchkiss but maintains the second order terms. The primary purpose is to examine how the additional terms impact the final equilibrium scour depth and location results. The results of this research show a slight variation from the previous work. With respect to a hypothetical case, there was not a significant amount of change, thereby verifying that scour migrates downstream with an increase in discharge. Interestingly, the comparison shows a slight increase in sediment discharge through the test reach analyzed. Supplementary to previous research, values of scour depth and location in terms of distance from the start of channel-width perturbation are provided; at the lowest discharge maximum scour occurs 4% of a wavelength upstream of the narrowest portion, and at the highest discharge maximum scour occurs at the narrowest point. Additionally, a one-dimensional HEC-RAS sediment transport model and a two- dimensional SRH flow model were compared to the analytical results. Results show that the model output of the HEC-RAS model and the SRH model adequately approximate the analytical model studied. Specifically, the results verify that maximum scour depth transitions downstream as discharge increases.
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Chattopadhyay, Arka Prabha. "Free and Forced Vibration of Linearly Elastic and St. Venant-Kirchhoff Plates using the Third Order Shear and Normal Deformable Theory." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102661.
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Employing the Finite Element Method (FEM), we numerically study three problems involving free and forced vibrations of linearly and nonlinearly elastic plates with a third order shear and normal deformable theory (TSNDT) and the three dimensional (3D) elasticity theory. We used the commercial software ABAQUS for analyzing 3D deformations, and an in-house developed and verified software for solving the plate theory equations.
In the first problem, we consider trapezoidal load-time pulses with linearly increasing and affinely decreasing loads of total durations equal to integer multiples of the time period of the first bending mode of vibration of a plate. For arbitrary spatial distributions of loads applied to monolithic and laminated orthotropic plates, we show that plates' vibrations become miniscule after the load is removed. We call this phenomenon as vibration attenuation. It is independent of the dwell time during which the load is a constant. We hypothesize that plates exhibit this phenomenon because nearly all of plate's strain energy is due to deformations corresponding to the fundamental bending mode of vibration. Thus taking the 1st bending mode shape of the plate vibration as the basis function, we reduce the problem to that of solving a single second-order ordinary differential equation. We show that this reduced-order model gives excellent results for monolithic and composite plates subjected to different loads.
Rectangular plates studied in the 2nd problem have points on either one or two normals to their midsurface constrained from translating in all three directions. We find that deformations corresponding to several modes of vibration are annulled in a region of the plate divided by a plane through the constraining points; this phenomenon is termed mode localization. New results include: (i) the localization of both in-plane and out-of-plane modes of vibration, (ii) increase in the mode localization intensity with an increase in the length/width ratio of a rectangular plate, (iii) change in the mode localization characteristics with the fiber orientation angle in unidirectional fiber- reinforced laminae, (iv) mode localization due to points on two normals constrained, and (iv) the exchange of energy during forced harmonic vibrations between two regions separated by the line of nearly stationary points that results in a beating-like phenomenon in a sub-region of the plate. This technique can help design a structure with vibrations limited to its small sub-region, and harvesting energy of vibrations of the sub-region.
In the third problem, we study finite transient deformations of rectangular plates using the TSNDT. The mathematical model includes all geometric and material nonlinearities. We compare the results of linear and nonlinear TSNDT FEM with the corresponding 3D FEM results from ABAQUS and note that the TSNDT is capable of predicting reasonably accurate results of displacements and in-plane stresses. However, the errors in computing transverse stresses are larger and the use of a two point stress recovery scheme improves their accuracy. We delineate the effects of nonlinearities by comparing results from the linear and the nonlinear theories. We observe that the linear theory over-predicts the deformations of a plate as compared to those obtained with the inclusion of geometric and material nonlinearities. We hypothesize that this is an effect of stiffening of the material due to the nonlinearity, analogous to the strain hardening phenomenon in plasticity. Based on this observation, we propose that the consideration of nonlinearities is essential in modeling plates undergoing large deformations as linear model over-predicts the deformation resulting in conservative design criteria. We also notice that unlike linear elastic plate bending, the neutral surface of a nonlinearly elastic bending plate, defined as the plane unstretched after the deformation, does not coincide with the mid-surface of the plate. Due to this effect, use of nonlinear models may be of useful in design of sandwich structures where a soft core near the mid-surface will be subjected to large in-plane stresses.Doctor of Philosophy
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Iribarren, Isabel. "The Trinitarian controversy between Durandus of St Pourcain and the Dominican Order in the early fourteenth century : the limits of theological dissent." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365635.
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Ascher, George P. "Looking back in order to reach out an experiment in ministry to aid one culture in reaching another with the Gospel /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 1987. http://www.tren.com.
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Duchesne, D. G. "The changing position of the serving brothers and their caritative functions in the order of St. John in Jerusalem and Acre, ca. 1070-1291." Connect to full text, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4086.
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Thesis (M.Phil.)--University of Sydney, 2008.Title from title screen (viewed March 10, 2009) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Philosophy to the Medieval Studies programme. Includes bibliographical references.
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Vella, Theresa M. "The paintings of the Order of St John in Malta : Hospitaller art collections and patronage from the late fifteenth century to the eighteenth century." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/04756efa-1354-4a3a-9899-93ac9f063d01.
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The purpose of the doctoral thesis is to demonstrate the role of the Hospitaller knights of the Order of St John as art patrons and collectors, and the extent to which works of art enabled internal relations between the Grand Masters of the Order and Hospitaller knights, and the extent to which art also enabled external relations with other entities and states through the language of gifts, bequests and cultural identity. The study will enable an understanding of the development of the Order's art patronage and the growth of Hospitaller art collections, from the late sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century. These dates encompass the first commissions given to artists to embellish the magistral palace and the Conventual church in the 1570s, and the growth of a magistral art collection under successive Grand Masters. The research will also aim to situate Hospitaller art patronage and collecting within the broader history of art collecting in Europe, by highlighting factors that were specific to the institutional character of the Order of St John and the vows of poverty, chastity and obedience taken by Hospitaller knights. The thesis will be informed by archival research on Hospitaller inventories. It will also build on studies that have been conducted on the Order's art patronage, and on the history of individual artists in Malta such as Caravaggio and Mattia Preti, as well as on research on the broader history of art collecting.
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Toefy, Rashieda. "Extant benthic Foraminifera from two bays along the SW coast of South Africa, with a comment about their use as indicators of pollution." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8713_1307079132.
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The results of the multivariate analyses suggest that most of the variation in the composition of the samples was of an intra-sample nature, illustrating large scale patchiness in foraminiferal distribution. There were, however, definite differences between communities around Robben Island and in St Helena Bay, and least variation was found between the control and pipeline sites, and between the stations of each site. When the trace metal concentrations and the percentage nitrogen increased, the richness, diversity and abundance of foraminifera tended to decrease. Sediment grain size positively affected abundance but negatively affected diversity and richness. In both areas mean grain size did not, however, appear to play a very large role in influencing diversity. Cadmium, copper, chromium, the percentage nitrogen and the mean grain size were identified as the most important variables influencing the community structure by the BIOENV BEST routine in PRIMER. The trace metals and percentage nitrogen only had negative effects on the diversity and abundance as well as on the abundance of the dominant genera, whereas the mean grain size had variable effects.
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Harwath, Frederik. "On Invariant Formulae of First-Order Logic with Numerical Predicates." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19609.
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Diese Arbeit untersucht ordnungsinvariante Formeln der Logik erster Stufe
(FO) und einiger ihrer Erweiterungen, sowie andere eng verwandte Konzepte der endlichen Modelltheorie. Viele Resultate der endlichen Modelltheorie nehmen an, dass Strukturen mit einer Einbettung ihres Universums in ein Anfangsstück der natürlichen Zahlen ausgestattet sind. Dies erlaubt es, beliebige Relationen (z.B. die lineare Ordnung) und Operationen (z.B. Addition, Multiplikation) von den natürlichen Zahlen auf solche Strukturen zu übertragen.
Die resultierenden Relationen auf den endlichen Strukturen werden als numerische Prädikate bezeichnet. Werden numerische Prädikate in Formeln verwendet, beschränkt man sich dabei häufig auf solche Formeln, deren Wahrheitswert auf endlichen Strukturen invariant unter Änderungen der Einbettung der Strukturen ist. Wenn das einzige verwendete numerische Prädikat eine lineare Ordnung ist, spricht man beispielsweise von ordnungsinvarianten Formeln. Die Resultate dieser Arbeit können in drei Teile unterteilt werden.
Der erste Teil betrachtet die Lokalitätseigenschaften von FO-Formeln mit Modulo-Zählquantoren, die beliebige numerische Prädikate invariant nutzen.
Der zweite Teil betrachtet FO-Sätze, die eine lineare Ordnung samt der zugehörigen Addition auf invariante Weise nutzen, auf endlichen Bäumen. Es wird gezeigt, dass diese dieselben regulären Baumsprachen definieren, wie FO-Sätze ohne numerische Prädikate mit bestimmten Kardinalitätsprädikaten. Für den Beweis wird eine algebraische Charakterisierung der in dieser Logik definierbaren Baumsprachen durch Operationen auf Bäumen entwickelt.
Der dritte Teil der Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Ausdrucksstärke und der Prägnanz
von FO und Erweiterungen von FO auf Klassen von Strukturen beschränkter Baumtiefe.This thesis studies the concept of order-invariance of formulae of first-order logic (FO) and some of its extensions as well as other closely related concepts from finite model theory. Many results in finite model theory assume that structures are equipped with an embedding of their universe into an initial segment of the natural numbers. This allows to transfer arbitrary relations (e.g. linear order) and operations (e.g. addition, multiplication) on the natural numbers to structures. The arising relations on the structures are called numerical predicates. If formulae use these numerical predicates, it is often desirable to consider only such formulae whose truth value in finite structures is invariant under changes to the embeddings of the structures. If the numerical predicates include only a linear order, such formulae are called order-invariant. We study the effect of the invariant use of different kinds of numerical predicates on the expressive power of FO and extensions thereof. The results of this thesis can be divided into three parts. The first part considers the locality and non-locality properties of formulae of FO with modulo-counting quantifiers which may use arbitrary numerical predicates in an invariant way. The second part considers sentences of FO which may use a linear order and the corresponding addition in an invariant way and obtains a characterisation of the regular finite tree languages which can be defined by such sentences: these are the same tree languages which are definable by FO-sentences without numerical predicates with certain cardinality predicates. For the proof, we obtain a characterisation of the tree languages definable in this logic in terms of algebraic operations on trees. The third part compares the expressive power and the succinctness of different ex- tensions of FO on structures of bounded tree-depth.
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Hall, Arthur Lewis. "The representation of aspects of Afrikaner and British masculinity in the first season of Arende (1989) by Paul C Venter and Dirk de Villiers : a critical analysis." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/33360.
Full textAbstract:
This study performs a critical analysis of the representation of Afrikaner and
British masculinity in the first season of the South African War (1899-1902)
television series Arende (1989-1993). The study first identifies key concepts in
both western identity and masculinity and then moves on to build an historical
theoretical base from which season one is analysed. This theoretical base is
created through the assimilation of historical sources dealing with masculinity and
masculine events from both the Afrikaners and the British.
In order to provide a suitable foundation for the investigation into masculinity, the
study first briefly explores the concept of identity and how it manifests in both the
Afrikaner and British society represented in the first season of Arende. This was
done by using a psychological model designed by Roy F Baumeister (1986) which
involves both individual and societal identity. Identity as a social construct is also
investigated, and the question why identity matters in society is discussed
Arguments for a structuralist semiotic approach to identity in a particular society
are presented.
In dealing with the overview of dominant western masculinity a number of key
terms were identified and discussed. These include patriarchy, the female body
and masculine control, social labelling, gender order and ‘women watching,’ the
family unit, division of labour and public and private space, hegemonic masculinity
and the male hero. After this overview, the study conducted an assimilation
exercise into historic Afrikaner and British masculinity during the time before and
after the South African War. This discussion centres on a number of points
dealing with both societies, namely the model male, male military tradition,
masculine rebels/outcasts and other masculine issues, and male relations with
women.
The final part of this study involves the analysis of the masculine theory,
generated in the previous chapter, on the Arende text. This was done by selecting six characters from each of the two societies in season one and describing how
they represent themselves in a masculine manner (or not).Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Visual Arts
unrestricted
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Chi, Young-hae. "By what right do we own things? : a justification of property ownership from an Augustinian tradition." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5555bb1d-9d5c-4260-b2bc-3c04c61ecb31.
Full textAbstract:
The justification of property ownership based on individual subjective rights is tightly bound to humanist moral perspectives. God is left out as irrelevant to the just grounds of ownership, which is established primarily on the basis of human self-referential, moral capacity. This thesis aims at developing an alternative justification, both for property as an institution and as a private holding, with a view to bringing God back into the centre stage and thereby placing property ownership on the objective concept of right. A tradition hitherto generally left unnoticed, yet uncovered here as the source of inspiration, vests the whole project with a moral-teleological tone. The tradition, enunciated by St. Augustine and developed by St. Bonaventure and John Wyclif, invites us to see property from the perspective of a moral end: it ought to be used for the love of God and neighbours, and as such it can be owned only by the just. In spite of important insights into the moral nature of property, the Augustinian thesis not only fails to spell out what ‘use for love’ means but also suffers from elitism. Nor does it offer an adequate justification of private property. Such weaknesses call for revision. When we reinterpret the Augustinian thesis through the concept of the divine imperative of service coupled with a proper understanding of human work, property acquires a distinctive justification. Property, as an institution, is justified as a requisite for carrying out God’s redemptive work towards the world. From this general justification ensues the particular justification. We hold property as specifically ‘mine,’ since each person’s ordained mission to participate in God’s work requires a uniquely personal material means, although the recognition and fulfilment of individual mission still demands communal efforts. The duty to carry out the God-commanded mission at first allows us to possess private property only in a non-proprietorial and non-exclusive manner. Yet in the prevailing condition of economic scarcity and human greed, civil jurisdiction must provide a structure of rights to enforce property institution. As God’s invitation for the transformation of the world is a universal command, everybody should have a minimum of property, and yet in differentiation of the scope and kinds commensurate with the particularities of individual mission.
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Lima, Camila Cristina Souza. "Monges hospitaleiros: imagem das monarquias ibéricas nos espaços régios nos Mosteiros da Ordem de São Jerônimo (1495-1598)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16133/tde-31072018-103547/.
Full textAbstract:
Em Portugal e Castela, entre fins do século XV e ao longo do século XVI, importantes espaços da monarquia foram ocupados pela Ordem de São Jerônimo. A presente tese ocupa-se de tratar dos incentivos dos monarcas desses dois reinos às casas jerônimas como parte da propaganda régia. Em especial trataremos dos dois monastérios mais favorecidos pelas monarquias: Santa Maria de Belém e San Lorenzo El Real del Escorial. Os dois edifícios foram construídos por iniciativa real, em momentos de alargamento do poderia desses reinos em outros continentes e em contextos em que a possibilidade de união dos reinos peninsulares era vislumbrada, inicialmente por D. Manuel e depois por Felipe II. A pesquisa se ocupou em estudar documentos iconográficos, textuais e de cultura material, em especial, buscando compreender o discurso expresso nos edifícios aliados ao discurso oficial escrito sobre o governo desses monarcas.In Portugal and Castile, between fifteenth century and sixteenth century, important spaces of the monarchy were occupied by the Order of St. Jerome. The present thesis deals with the incentives of the monarchs of these two kingdoms to monasteries of St. Jerome as part of the royal propaganda. In particular we will treat the two monasteries most favored by the monarchies: Santa Maria de Belém and San Lorenzo El Real del Escorial. These two buildings were built on the initiative of kings, at times of enlargement of the kingdom and in contexts in which the possibility of union of the peninsular kingdoms was glimpsed, initially by D. Manuel and later by Felipe II. The research was focused on studying iconographic, textual and material culture documents, in particular, seeking to understand the discourse expressed in the buildings allied to the official written discourse on the government of these monarchs
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Peuker, Sibylle. "Halbordnungsbasierte Verfeinerung zur Verifikation verteilter Algorithmen." Doctoral thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962820733.
Full text
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Faltrauer, Claude. "Le cadre de vie et de prière des bénédictins de la congrégation de Saint-Vanne et Saint-Hydulphe de la province de Lorraine aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20137/document.
Full textAbstract:
Parmi les réformes du concile de Trente, figure celle des ordres religieux incités à s'organiser en congrégations. Y figure aussi l'invitation à traduire dans l'architecture et le décor des églises, l'expression de la foi catholique réaffirmée. Tout cela induit de nouvelles formes architecturales ou de nouveaux aménagements liturgiques qui s'accompagnent dans le cas des ordres religieux, d'une réorganisation spatiale des monastères. Dans ce que le professeur Taveneaux a défini comme une dorsale catholique, la Lorraine tient une place particulière, par son histoire déjà, par son emplacement dans l'échiquier européen d'alors et par la forte présence d'une Eglise soutenue par les souverains. Par l'engagement d'évêques réformateurs, parties prenantes du concile de Trente, puis celui de la famille ducale de Lorraine, le pays voit éclore en quelques années trois fortes congrégations : l'Antique Observance dans l'ordre de Prémontré à partir de Pont-à-Mousson alors que la personnalité de Pierre Fourier cristallise la réforme des chanoines réguliers de Saint-Augustin. Pour les bénédictins, c'est la congrégation de Saint-Vanne et Saint-Hydulphe de dom Didier de La Cour. Par les choix et habitudes architecturaux, par le choix des décors des églises et des bâtiments claustraux, par la vie quotidienne et ses objets, il est possible d'avoir une nouvelle vision de cette congrégation particulièrement active et présente sur le sol lorrain.Les vannistes qui essaiment en France ne sont pas sans influence sur les populations. Il apparaît alors naturel de chercher à comprendre ce que leur architecture et leurs choix décoratifs disent d'eux, de la manière dont ils relaient la doctrine de l'Eglise et dont ils se perçoivent eux-mêmes avec le corollaire de l'image contrôlée ou non qu'ils veulent donner d'eux. Leur architecture, témoin d'un pouvoir, d'un état d'esprit, est aussi sûrement la traduction de leurs principes religieux. Le niveau provincial retenu est celui où se décident les noviciats, où se réfléchissent les suppressions éventuelles ou créations de maisons, où un visiteur fait le lien entre le gouvernement central de la congrégation et chacune de ses maisons. Les religieux vivent aussi cette réalité géographique car ils ne sont que fort peu nombreux à passer d'une province à l'autre et il apparait des spécificités provinciales dans l'organisation même de la congrégation, sans négliger pour autant les choix politiques ou l'évolution de la pensée qui varie différemment selon la province. Car au-delà même des aspects liés à l'organisation de la congrégation, la province de Lorraine offre une singularité supplémentaire, celle d'être alors dans un pays indépendant, même si cela est, à l'époque moderne, tout relatif. Bien que d'une étendue géographique assez limitée, elle offre tous les cas de figures pouvant se rencontrer dans la variété de statuts et d'histoire des maisons vannistes. Toutes ces situations constituent un excellent échantillon de la perception que des religieux cloîtrés des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles peuvent avoir de leur cadre de vie et de la manière dont ils le concrétisent. Tous ces éléments doivent concourir à définir ou non un éventuel style vanniste, montrant sous un jour particulier le quotidien des religieux qui composent cette grande congrégation d'une cinquantaine de maisons en Lorraine et en France, mère de congrégations réformées en France et en Belgique et sœur d'autres réformes monastiques nées en Lorraine dans les premières années du XVIIe siècleAmong the reforms of Trent, is that religious orders are encouraged to organize themselves into congregations. It shall include the invitation to translate the architecture and decorations of the church, the expression of the catholic faith, are reaffirmed. All this leads to new architectural forms and new liturgical developments, are also accompanied in the case of religious orders, by a spatial reorganization of monasteries. In what Professor Taveneaux defined as a Catholic back, Lorraine holds a special place in history, by its location in the european stage and then by the strong presence of a church supported by the sovereigns. By reformers bishops stakeholders the Council of Trent and that of the ducal family of Lorraine commitment, the country sees hatch within a few years three congregations : Ancient Observance in the norbertine order from Pont-à-Mousson while the personality of Pierre Fourier crystallizes the reform of the Canons Regular of St. Augustine. For Benedictine, is the congregation of Saint-Vanne and St. Hydulphe by dom Didier de La Cour. The choices and architectural patterns, the choice of sets of churches and abbey buildings themselves, by everyday life and objects, it is possible to have a new vision of this congregation which is particularly active on the Lorraine ground. The vannistes swarming in France are not without influence on populations. It appears natural to try understanding in what their architecture and decorative choices say about them, how they relay the doctrine of the Church and how they perceive themselves with the corollary of the controlled image they want to give of them. Their architecture, witness the power of a state of mind, as surely is the translation of their religious principles. The provincial level used is where decisions novitiates, which reflect any deletions or creations of houses, where a visitor made the connection between the central government of the congregation and every house. Religious also live this geographic reality because they are just very few of them move from one province to another and it seems provincial specificities in the very organization of the congregation without neglecting the political choices or changes' thinking that evolves differently in each province. For even beyond the aspects related to the organization of the congregation, the province of Lorraine offers additional singularity, whereas that of being in an independent country, even if it is in modern times, all relative. Although a fairly limited geographical scope, it offers all the scenarios that can be found in the variety of status and history of vannistes houses. All these situations are an excellent sample of the perception that religious cloistered seventeenth and eighteenth centuries may have their living and how they materialize. All these elements must contribute to define whether a possible style vanniste showing in a particular light daily religious that make up this great congregation of about fifty houses in Lorraine and France, mother of reformed congregations in France and Belgium other monastic reforms sister born in Lorraine in the early seventeenth century
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Andersson, Elin. "Responsiones Vadstenenses : Perspectives on the Birgittine Rule in Two Texts from Vadstena and Syon Abbey. A Critical Edition with Translation and Introduction." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för franska, italienska och klassiska språk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-47059.
Full textAbstract:
Syon Abbey, established as the first Birgittine monastery in England in 1415, quite soon became a powerful institution within the order. Although often asserting their own conceptions of the Rule, the English Birgittines still sought the advice of Vadstena, their mother house, when it came to certain important matters concerning monastic life. The present work contains editions of two Latin texts: Responsiones, a document consisting of 175 questions and answers on the Birgittine Rule and daily life in the monastery, and Collacio, a sermon reflecting similar matters. The first part of the Responsiones consists of answers to five questions, sent from Syon to Sweden by letter. An important issue concerns the leadership in the monastery and the role of the Birgittine brothers. Were they to be seen as monks, living in their own monastery, or as religious assistans to the sisters? The second part was written as a direct result of two English brothers visiting Vadstena in 1427 and contains 170 questions and answers dealing with various matters of importance: how to interpret certain Birgittine texts, regulations on food, silence and speech as well as questions on preaching, liturgy and introduction into the monastery. The Collacio, in the manuscript said to have been presented to the Swedish community, was probably written by Syon’s conservator, the Benedictine abbot John Whethamstede of St Albans. Written in a highly metaphorical language rich in references to the Bible and Classical authors, the message to the Birgittine order is clear: first, it is wrong to have two leaders (confessor general as well as abbess) in one community; second, the Birgittines should strive to dispose of later additions and explanations and seek the original and true intentions of the foundress, Saint Birgitta. The thesis contains an introduction, editions with translations, glossary, indices, bibliography and plates.
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Clement, Claire Kathleen. "Processing piety and the materiality of spiritual mission at Syon Abbey, 1415-1539." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2016. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269847.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation examines the intersection of spiritual values and material life at Syon Abbey, a wealthy Brigittine double monastery in late medieval England. As an institution it was, paradoxically, directed primarily toward an evangelical goal, while being focused on contemplative women who were strictly enclosed. In this dissertation, I assert that this apparent contradiction was resolved through a high degree of collaboration between the abbey’s religious women and men. I argue that Brigittine monasticism, and that of Syon in particular, was uniquely attuned to metaphors and meanings of materiality, which enabled the abbey to transform the women’s mundane material life of food, clothing, architecture, work, finance, and even bureaucracy, into spiritual fruits to be shared with the Syon brethren through dialogue within confessional relationships, and subsequently, with the laity through the media of sermons, sacraments, books, and conversation. I use the abbey’s extensive household financial accounts in conjunction with Brigittine writings and monastic legislative documents to examine the intersection of ideal material life and its spiritual meaning on the one hand, and the abbey’s lived materiality as reflected in its internal economic and administrative actions, on the other. The central question is the degree to which Syon’s material life was one of luxury in keeping with what the Order’s founder, Saint Birgitta, would have seen as worldly excess, or one of moderate asceticism, in keeping with the Brigittine Rule. Major findings are that in most respects (financial management, gender power, officer appointments, clothing, and some aspects of food), Syon’s materiality was lived in accordance with the Rule and the Brigittine mission, but that in some respects, it erred on the side of elite display and consumption (the majority of food items and the architecture and decoration of the abbey church), and in others, the source material is too incomplete to enable conclusions (the decoration of monastic buildings and the distribution of alms). In addition, by analysing the income from boarding of visitors and offerings from pilgrims, I examine the degree of Syon’s impact on the laity and how it changed with the approaching Dissolution, concluding that the abbey had a significant impact that declined only when legal restrictions were applied.
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MANCINI, LORENZO EMILIO LUCA. "La riforma monastica di Catherine Mectilde De Bar (1614 1698): le radici, l'attuazione, le prospettive." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/171.
Full textAbstract:
La riforma attuata nel ramo femminile dell'ordine di San Benedetto da Catherine Mectilde de Bar [Madre Mectilde del Santissimo Sacramento] (1614-1698). La formazione, l'opera e gli incontri della religiosa lorenese sullo sfondo delle vicende politiche ed ecclesiali della Francia del XVII secolo. Gli aspetti storici, istituzionali e teologici legati alla fondazione e allo sviluppo dell'Istituto delle benedettine dell'Adorazione Perpetua del Santissimo Sacramento.The reform realised by Catherine Mectilde de Bar [Mother Mectilde of the Most Holy Sacrament] (1614-1698) in the feminine branch of the Benedictine Order. The formation, the works and the writings of this nun from Lorraine in the midst of the political and ecclesial events in seventeenth century France. The historical, institutional and theological aspects connected with the foundation and the development of the institute of the Benedictine nuns of the perpetual adoration of the Most Holy Sacrament.
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Keppeler, Jens. "Answering Conjunctive Queries and FO+MOD Queries under Updates." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/21483.
Full textAbstract:
In dieser Arbeit wird das dynamische Auswertungsproblem über dynamische Datenbanken betrachtet, bei denen Tupel hinzugefügt oder gelöscht werden können. Die Aufgabe besteht darin einen dynamischen Algorithmus zu konstruieren, welcher unmittelbar nachdem die Datenbank aktualisiert wurde, die Datenstruktur, die das Resultat repräsentiert, aktualisiert.
Die Datenstruktur soll in konstanter Zeit aktualisiert werden und das Folgende unterstützen:
* Teste in konstanter Zeit ob ein Tupel zur Ausgabemenge gehört,
* gebe die Anzahl der Tupel in der Ausgabemenge in konstanter Zeit aus,
* zähle die Tupel aus der Ausgabemenge mit konstanter Taktung auf und
* zähle den Unterschied zwischen der neuen und der alten Ausgabemenge mit konstanter Taktung auf.
Im ersten Teil werden konjunktive Anfragen und Vereinigungen konjunktiver Anfragen auf relationalen Datenbanken betrachtet. Die Idee der q-hierarchischen Anfragen (und t-hierarchische Anfragen für das Testen) wird eingeführt und es wird gezeigt, dass das Resultat für jede q-hierarchische Anfrage auf dynamischen Datenbanken effizient in dem oben beschriebenen Szenario ausgewertet werden können. Konjunktive Anfragen mit Aggregaten werden weiterhin betrachtet. Es wird gezeigt, dass das Lernen von polynomiellen Regressionsfunktionen in konstanter Zeit vorbereitet werden kann, falls die Trainingsdaten aus dem Anfrageergebnis kommen.
Mit logarithmischer Update-Zeit kann folgende Routine unterstützt werden: Bei Eingabe einer Zahl j, gebe das j-te Tupel aus der Aufzählung aus.
Im zweiten Teil werden Anfragen, die Formeln der Logik erster Stufe (FO) und deren Erweiterung mit Modulo-Zähl Quantoren (FO+MOD) sind, betrachtet, und es wird gezeigt, dass diese effizient unter Aktualisierungen ausgewertet können, wobei die dynamische Datenbank die Gradschranke nicht überschreitet, und bei der Auswertung die Zähl-, Test-, Aufzähl- und die Unterschied-Routine unterstützt werden.This thesis investigates the query evaluation problem for fixed queries over fully dynamic databases, where tuples can be inserted or deleted. The task is to design a dynamic algorithm that immediately reports the new result of a fixed query after every database update. In particular, the goal is to construct a data structure that allows to support the following scenario. After every database update, the data structure can be updated in constant time such that afterwards we are able * to test within constant time for a given tuple whether or not it belongs to the query result, * to output the number of tuples in the query result, * to enumerate all tuples in the new query result with constant delay and * to enumerate the difference between the old and the new query result with constant delay. In the first part, conjunctive queries and unions of conjunctive queries on arbitrary relational databases are considered. The notion of q-hierarchical conjunctive queries (and t-hierarchical conjunctive queries for testing) is introduced and it is shown that the result of each such query on a dynamic database can be maintained efficiently in the sense described above. Moreover, this notion is extended to aggregate queries. It is shown that the preparation of learning a polynomial regression function can be done in constant time if the training data are taken (and maintained under updates) from the query result of a q-hierarchical query. With logarithmic update time the following routine is supported: upon input of a natural number j, output the j-th tuple that will be enumerated. In the second part, queries in first-order logic (FO) and its extension with modulo-counting quantifiers (FO+MOD) are considered, and it is shown that they can be efficiently evaluated under updates, provided that the dynamic database does not exceed a certain degree bound, and the counting, testing, enumeration and difference routines is supported.
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Boschiero-Trottman, Marie-Luce. "Le chant dans les monastères cisterciens de l’Europe francophone (1521-1903) : enquête sur les livres de chœur imprimes et manuscrits." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR2016.
Full textAbstract:
Entre 2008 et 2011, l’inventaire des livres liturgiques de 51 communautés cisterciennes de l’Europe francophone a mis en lumière un fonds unique de Graduels et d’Antiphonaires de choeur, tant manuscrits qu’imprimés, parus entre la Renaissance et le début du XXe siècle. Ces ouvrages constituent le corpus principal de cette thèse dont l’objectif est d’en interroger le contenu au regard de l’histoire de l’Ordre cistercien, mais aussi de l’évolution du chant ecclésiastique. La périodisation est définie en fonction des bornes suivantes : le terminus a quo (1521) correspond à la première impression d’un livre de choeur cistercien et son terminus ad quem (1903) est celui de la publication du dernier ouvrage de ce format au sein de cet Ordre spécifique. L’étude est menée selon trois axes : analyse codicologique ; philologie des traces d’usage introduites au cours des âges ; approche musicologique d’un échantillon d’Offices liturgiques (Office de la Dédicace et Office votif du Sacré-Coeur)Between 2008 & 2011, a general inventory of the liturgical books of 51 Cistercian communities in Francophone Europe allowed the highlighting of one fund of several 10th of choir graduals and antiphonaries, both manuscripts & printed, from the Renaissance period to the beginning of the XXth century. These works constitute the main body of this thesis aimed to examine the content relating to the history of the Cistercian Order, but also the general evolution of ecclesiastical chant. Periodization of this work is defined according to the following terminals: the terminus a quo (1521) is the first impression of a Cistercian choir book and terminus ad quem (1903) is the publication of the last book of this size in this specific Order. The study is conducted along three axes: codicological analysis; philology traces of use introduced in these books over the ages; musicological approach of a sample of specific liturgical Offices (Office of the Dedication and votive Office of the Sacred-Heart)
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Heimberg, Lucas. "Complexity of Normal Forms on Structures of Bounded Degree." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19205.
Full textAbstract:
Normalformen drücken semantische Eigenschaften einer Logik durch syntaktische Restriktionen aus. Sie ermöglichen es Algorithmen, Grenzen der Ausdrucksstärke einer Logik auszunutzen. Ein Beispiel ist die Lokalität der Logik erster Stufe (FO), die impliziert, dass Graph-Eigenschaften wie Erreichbarkeit oder Zusammenhang nicht FO-definierbar sind. Gaifman-Normalformen drücken die Bedeutung einer FO-Formel als Boolesche Kombination lokaler Eigenschaften aus. Sie haben eine wichtige Rolle in Model-Checking Algorithmen für Klassen dünn besetzter Graphen, deren Laufzeit durch die Größe der auszuwertenden Formel parametrisiert ist. Es ist jedoch bekannt, dass Gaifman-Normalformen im Allgemeinen nur mit nicht-elementarem Aufwand konstruiert werden können. Dies führt zu einer enormen Parameterabhängigkeit der genannten Algorithmen. Ähnliche nicht-elementare untere Schranken sind auch für Feferman-Vaught-Zerlegungen und für die Erhaltungssätze von Lyndon, Łoś und Tarski bekannt.
Diese Arbeit untersucht die Komplexität der genannten Normalformen auf Klassen von Strukturen beschränkten Grades, für welche die nicht-elementaren unteren Schranken nicht gelten. Für diese Einschränkung werden Algorithmen mit elementarer Laufzeit für die Konstruktion von Gaifman-Normalformen, Feferman-Vaught-Zerlegungen, und für die Erhaltungssätze von Lyndon, Łoś und Tarski entwickelt, die in den ersten beiden Fällen worst-case optimal sind.
Wichtig hierfür sind Hanf-Normalformen. Es wird gezeigt, dass eine Erweiterung von FO durch unäre Zählquantoren genau dann Hanf-Normalformen erlaubt, wenn alle Zählquantoren ultimativ periodisch sind, und wie Hanf-Normalformen in diesen Fällen in elementarer und worst-case optimaler Zeit konstruiert werden können.
Dies führt zu Model-Checking Algorithmen für solche Erweiterungen von FO sowie zu Verallgemeinerungen der Algorithmen für Feferman-Vaught-Zerlegungen und die Erhaltungssätze von Lyndon, Łoś und Tarski.Normal forms express semantic properties of logics by means of syntactical restrictions. They allow algorithms to benefit from restrictions of the expressive power of a logic. An example is the locality of first-order logic (FO), which implies that properties like reachability or connectivity cannot be defined in FO. Gaifman's local normal form expresses the satisfaction conditions of an FO-formula by a Boolean combination of local statements. Gaifman normal form serves as a first step in fixed-parameter model-checking algorithms, parameterised by the size of the formula, on sparse graph classes. However, it is known that in general, there are non-elementary lower bounds for the costs involved in transforming a formula into Gaifman normal form. This leads to an enormous parameter-dependency of the aforementioned algorithms. Similar non-elementary lower bounds also hold for Feferman-Vaught decompositions and for the preservation theorems by Lyndon, Łoś, and Tarski. This thesis investigates the complexity of these normal forms when restricting attention to classes of structures of bounded degree, for which the non-elementary lower bounds are known to fail. Under this restriction, the thesis provides algorithms with elementary and even worst-case optimal running time for the construction of Gaifman normal form and Feferman-Vaught decompositions. For the preservation theorems, algorithmic versions with elementary running time and non-matching lower bounds are provided. Crucial for these results is the notion of Hanf normal form. It is shown that an extension of FO by unary counting quantifiers allows Hanf normal forms if, and only if, all quantifiers are ultimately periodic, and furthermore, how Hanf normal form can be computed in elementary and worst-case optimal time in these cases. This leads to model-checking algorithms for such extensions of FO and also allows generalisations of the constructions for Feferman-Vaught decompositions and preservation theorems.
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Pretzschner, Maria. "Sanctae modernae in diebus nostris?" Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-232683.
Full textAbstract:
Sanctae modernae in diebus nostris? - Hagiographische Konzeptionen weiblicher vita religiosa im Umfeld der Mendikanten
Die Dissertationsschrift ergründet die Entwürfe weiblicher Heiligkeit im Umfeld der Bettelorden. Die Frauenviten der Mendikanten boten sich für eine vergleichende Untersuchung an, da sie eine hagiographische Neuheit darstellten, insofern ein Großteil der verehrten Frauen Laien waren. In Anbetracht dessen, dass die Mendikanten einen erheblichen Beitrag zur Moralisierung der mittelalterlichen Gesellschaft und zur Verbreitung kirchlicher Ordnungs- und Normierungskonzepte geleistet haben, wurde ich von der Frage geleitet, ob sich mit den Bettelorden die Funktion der Hagiographie gewandelt hat, so dass sie stärker als zuvor zur sittlichen Besserung der Gläubigen eingesetzt wurde.
Die Untersuchung der weiblichen Heiligenviten der Mendikanten hat gezeigt, dass die Aussageabsichten der Texte jeweils andere waren und die Schriften, um mit Gert Melville (Geltungsgeschichten) zu sprechen, sehr „differente Funktionen der Legitimierung, der Konsolidierung, der Integration und Abgrenzung“ einnahmen, was zu recht unterschiedlichen „Ausgestaltungen der für relevant angesehenen Vergangenheitspartien“ geführt hat. Um die Texte dennoch vergleichen zu können, habe ich sie in Gruppen unterteilt, entsprechend ihrer im Text dominierenden Funktionsweise :
♦ Viten in denen die paränetische Funktion im Vordergrund steht
♦ Viten in denen die Rechtfertigung einer bestimmten Lebensweise im Vordergrund steht
♦ Viten mit prestigestiftender Funktion
♦ Multifunktionale Viten
Für die weitere Forschung ist es ratsam, sich nur einem dieser Typen zuzuwenden. Für die Betrachtung der paränetischen Viten wäre ein Vergleich mit der entsprechenden Predigtliteratur deutlich aufschlussreicher.
Der Dominikaner Thomas von Cantimpré, der sich mit jedem Satz seiner Werke als Seelsorger zu erkennen gibt, gehört zu den am besten untersuchten Hagiographen heiliger Frauen. Bislang galten seine Werke als typische Beispiele mendikantischer Vitenschreibung. Dies war auch der Grund, dass die Dissertationsschrift mit ihm bzw. dem in seinem Umfeld wirkenden Jakob von Vitry einsetzt. Die vergleichende Untersuchung aller weiblichen Heiligenviten zeigt, dass Thomas im 13. Jahrhundert noch eine Ausnahmeerscheinung war, da die Werke in denen die Paränese im Vordergrund steht, nur einen Teil der hagiographischen Lebensbeschreibungen betrifft. Fazit: Auch im Zeitalter der Bettelorden erfüllte die Textsorte vor allem klassische Funktionen, indem sie in erster Linie der Andacht und Heilsvergewisserung diente, darüber hinaus jedoch auch ganz pragmatische Absichten verfolgte. Dynastische Interessen trugen ebenso wie innerklösterliche Probleme, kirchliche Anordnungen (Klausurierung weiblicher Religioser, Verurteilung der häretischen Spiritualen), ordensinterne Bestimmungen (beispielsweise solche, die regelten, wie mit der cura monialium zu verfahren sei) oder wichtige politische Ereignisse (die Auseinandersetzungen zwischen Guelfen und Ghibellinen in Florenz) zur Entstehung der Schriften bei. In Hinblick auf die bedeutende Rolle die das Papsttum, einzelne Dynastien, Kommunen oder Klöster bei der Abfassung einer Vita gespielt haben, glaube ich, dass es sich bei den jeweiligen Heiligkeitkonzeptionen mehr um zeittypische oder auch regionale Phänomene (Modeerscheinungen) den originär mendikantische Heiligkeitskonzeptionen handelt.
Die in den Heiligenviten präsentierten Leitideen sowie die Art der Darstellung richteten sich vor allem nach der Funktion der Texte bzw. danach für wen (welche Rezipienten) die Werke bestimmt waren. So ist der laikale Rezipientenkreis der Grund dafür, dass sich die meisten Elisabethviten durch eine leicht verständliche Ausdrucksweise und ein klares Heiligenbild auszeichnen. Wohingegen die Werke des Thomas von Cantimpré, der sich als Novizenmeister zunächst an seine eigenen Mitbrüder richtet, einem komplexen Aufbau folgen und kunstvoll stilisiert sind. Einfluss auf die Gestaltung der Schriften hatten außerdem die sehr unterschiedlichen biographischen Hintergründe der Hagiographen. Denn der hochrangige Ordensvertreter und Vertraute der Kurie betätigte sich ebenso als Vitenautor (Jakob von Vitry und Konrad von Marburg waren Kreuzzugsprediger, Konrad überdies Inquisitor, Thomas von Cantimpré war Lektor, Thomas von Celano war der erste offizielle Ordenschronist des Franziskanerordens, Dietrich von Apolda war der Hagiograph des heiligen Dominikus) wie der politisch unbedeutende Bruder, den nicht sein Orden, sondern die persönliche intensive Beziehung zur Beichttochter zum Schreiben trieb. Neben dem unterschiedlichen Bildungsgrad der Autoren wirkten sich außerdem die starken regionalen Unterschiede auf die Qualität der Texte aus. So hatte das Verfassen von Heiligenviten in Brabant eine lange Tradition, während es in Ungarn etwas völlig Neues war. Auch regionale Besonderheiten hatten Einfluss auf die thematische Aufbereitung der Schriften. So kam dem Bußgedanken wie auch der Seelenrettung aus dem Fegefeuer in den brabanter Schriften besondere Bedeutung zu, was auf die regionale Nähe zur Pariser Universität zurückzuführen ist, an der damals genau jene Themen diskutiert wurden. Als weiteres Ergebnis der Untersuchung ist somit festzuhalten, dass die in den Frauenviten der Bettelorden aufgezeigten Leitideen mehr über die Rezipienten und Autoren aussagen, als über die Heiligen, die sie beschreiben. Dieser Befund widerlegt die in der Frauen- und Mentalitätsforschung gängige These, wonach die Frauenviten typisch weibliche Frömmigkeitsformen darstellen. Für die Beurteilung der Texte ist es vielmehr entscheidend, ob sie für ein laikales, monastisches oder klerikales Publikum verfasst wurden.
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Lewis, Colin A., P. J. Reimer, and R. W. Reimer. "Marine reservoir corrections : St. Helena, South Atlantic Ocean." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006737.
Full textAbstract:
We present the first marine reservoir age and ∆R determination for the island of St. Helena using marine mollusk radiocarbon dates obtained from an historical context of known age. This represents the first marine reservoir age and ∆R determination in the southern Atlantic Ocean within thousands of kilometers of the island. The depletion of 14C in the shells indicates a rather larger reservoir age for that portion of the surface Atlantic than models indicate. The implication is that upwelling old water along the Namibian coast is transported for a considerable distance, although it is likely to be variable on a decadal timescale. An artilleryman’s button, together with other artifacts found in a midden, demonstrate association of the mollusk shells with a narrow historic period of AD 1815–1835.