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Sieg, George. "Angular Momentum." International Journal for the Study of New Religions 4, no. 2 (January 7, 2014): 251–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/ijsnr.v4i2.251.
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In the last decade, a ‘sinister milieu’ has developed out of the eponymous ‘traditional’ Satan-ism promoted and further developed by the Order of Nine Angles, which emerged in the British occult scene in the 1980s. This milieu includes a diversity of Satanic and post-Satanic currents which have established the ‘sinister’ as a significant sub-category of Left-Hand Path ideology. Some groups affiliated with the Order of Nine Angles to varying degrees have ad-vanced the concept of the sinister in novel directions removed from the category of ‘Satan-ism,’ further specifying the sinister milieu’s conception of the Left-Hand Path.
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Granholm, Kennet. "Dragon Rouge: Left-Hand Path Magic with a Neopagan Flavour." Aries 12, no. 1 (2012): 131–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/147783512x614858.
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AbstractDragon Rouge ist einer der einzigartigsten und interessantesten magischen Orden, die im Laufe der letzten zwanzig Jahren erschienen ist. Er ist auch die erste esoterische Bewegung, die erfolgreich aus Schweden exportiert wurde, sowie jemals der größte Orden des sogenannten Pfad zur linken Hand (Left-Hand Path). In der ersten Hälfte des Artikels werde ich die Geschichte des Ordens ausführlich beschreiben, seine philosophischen Lehren und Praxis besprechen, und Auskunft über seine Demographie sowie die Organisations- und Einweihungstrukturen. In der zweiten Hälfte des Artikels werde ich die Hauptdiskurse besprechen, die der Philosophie, der Praxis und den Strukturen von Dragon Rouge unterliegen: der Vorrang der Natur, die Anziehungskraft der weiblichen Göttlichen und die Diskurse des Individualismus, der Selbstvergötterung, und des Antinomismus die den Pfad zur Linken Hand kennzeichnen.
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Pažėraitė, Aušra Kristina. "RELIGIJŲ KAIRIOJO KELIO DIFUZIJA IR TRANSFORMACIJOS ŠIUOLAIKINĖJE POPKULTŪROJE." Religija ir kultūra 8 (January 1, 2011): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/relig.2011.0.2756.
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Šio tyrimo tikslas – apčiuopti XX a. pabaigos–XXI a. pradžios popkultūroje, konkrečiai, kinematografijoje reiškinius, kuriuos galima interpretuoti kaip vykstantį normatyvinių, įsitvirtinusių religijų palaikomų religinių doktrinų, praktikų ir moralės normų perkonstravimą XIX a.–XX a. pradžios okultinių judėjimų mokymų, praktikų ir simbolikos pagrindu. Buvo parodyta, kad šie reiškiniai yra platesnių kultūrinių ir religinių procesų dalis, o būtent – kaip difuzija viešojoje, sekuliariojoje erdvėje to, kas šiame tyrime buvo formuluojama kaip „kairysis kelias religijose“. Viešojoje erdvėje vyksta procesai, atliekantys tam tikrą „vertybių perkainojimą“, t. y. viešpataujančios, įsitvirtinusios konkrečioje visuomenėje religijos, moralinės normos, tabu ir religinės tapatybės „perkainojamos“ kaip tam tikra prasme „destruktyvios“, sužlugdžiusios, esą, kažkada egzistavusias „tikrąsias“. Minėtiems procesams analizuoti šiame tyrime buvo sukonstruotas teorinis įrankis, čia vadinamas „kairiuoju keliu religijose“, kurį galima formuluoti taip: kairysis kelias religijose – tai elitistiniai religinio pobūdžio tekstai ir praktikos, kurie virš įsigalėjusios, daugumos palaikomos religinės praktikos, doktrinų ir diegiamų moralinių normų iškelia kitas doktrinas ir praktikas, kurios laikomos tinkamomis turintiesiems ypatingą iniciaciją. Būna, kad šios doktrinos ir praktikos nevengia normatyvinės moralės ir ritualinių tabu pažeidimų, nors ir neturi tikslo išstumti visuomenėje įsigalėjusios religijos suformuotas (ar bent patyrusias jos įtaką) moralės normas ir ritualinius tabu, kaip visuomenės daugumai priimtinus socialinei tvarkai užtikrinti. Buvo tyrinėti „kairiojo kelio“ termino vartojimo ypatumai moderniuose Vakarų okultiniuose judėjimuose, aptariami „kairiojo kelio“ tapimo „dešiniuoju keliu“ (kitaip tariant, difuzijos) niuansai šiuolaikinėje populiariojoje kultūroje (konkrečiai, XX a. pabaigos–XXI a. pradžios kinematografijoje), pateikiant jos klasifikaciją, išskiriant būtent šio tyrimo tikslus atitinkantį pogrupį.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: kairysis kelias religijose, okultiniai judėjimai, tapatybių perkūrimas, popkultūra.THE DIFFUSION AND TRANSFORMATIONS OF LEFT-HAND PATH RELIGIONS IN THE CONTEMPORARY POPULAR CULTUREAušra Kristina Pažėraitė SummaryIn this article some features of the present-day (late 20th–early 21st c.) pop-culture, concretely cinematography, are analyzed for phenomena which can be interpreted as an ongoing transformation of normative morality, religious doctrines and ritual taboos of established religions on the ground of doctrines, practices and symbolism of modern (late 19th–20th c.) occult movements. The author argues that these phenomena are part of wider cultural and religious processes, i.e. of diffusion in public, secular, and also new religious and spiritual movements of what in this study was formulated as the “left-hand paths in religions”, the processes that perform a “reevaluation of values” of given society, grounded in particular established religion and religious identity, reevaluation of established moral norms and ritual taboos as at certain extent “destructives”. To achieve this goal the author has formulated a theoretical tool for analysis of general phenomena in religions as “left-hand path in religions” on the basis of Andree Padoux’s descriptions of “lefthand path” in Hindu religions, and which can be formulated as follows: left-hand path in religions – are elitist religious texts and practices that are destined not to eliminate norms of morality and ritual taboos of established religion, as far as they are acceptable for society in general as the basis for social order, but to achieve some goals that this established religion is supposed incapable to help to achieve in established manner, and only knower and practitioner of doctrines, rituals and other practices (that sometimes transgress established ones) is able to achieve those goals. In this study the author has explored the usage and conceptions of the term “left-hand path” in some modern Western occult movements; also the author has classified present-day fantasy cinematography in five groups, each according to the relationship to various kinds of “paranormal” realities. One of the groups is composed of movies in which symbols, practices, doctrines of modern “Western” occult movements (i.e. of Thelema, Aleister Crowley, LaVey) are exploited. That results in the subversion of values and ritual taboos of established religions (most often Christianity, and especially Catholicism). The diffusion of the “left-hand path” in popular and secular area of society becomes in a certain degree the “right-hand path”. Keywords: left-hand path in religions, occult movements, creation of new identity, popular culture.
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Chow, C. L., M. Jie, and S. J. Hu. "Forming Limit Analysis of Sheet Metals Based on a Generalized Deformation Theory." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 125, no. 3 (July 1, 2003): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1586938.
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This paper presents the development of a generalized method to predict forming limits of sheet metals. The vertex theory, which was developed by Sto¨ren and Rice (1975) and recently simplified by Zhu, Weinmann and Chandra (2001), is employed in the analysis to characterize the localized necking (or localized bifurcation) mechanism in elastoplastic materials. The plastic anisotropy of materials is considered. A generalized deformation theory of plasticity is proposed. The theory considers Hosford’s high-order yield criterion (1979), Hill’s quadratic yield criterion and the von Mises yield criterion. For the von Mises yield criterion, the generalized deformation theory reduces to the conventional deformation theory of plasticity, i.e., the J2-theory. Under proportional loading condition, the direction of localized band is known to vary with the loading path at the negative strain ratio region or the left hand side (LHS) of forming limit diagrams (FLDs). On the other hand, the localized band is assumed to be always perpendicular to the major strain at the positive strain ratio region or the right hand side (RHS) of FLDs. Analytical expressions for critical tangential modulus are derived for both LHS and RHS of FLDs. For a given strain hardening rule, the limit strains can be calculated and consequently the FLD is determined. Especially, when assuming power-law strain hardening, the limit strains can be explicitly given on both sides of FLD. Whatever form of a yield criterion is adopted, the LHS of the FLD always coincides with that given by Hill’s zero-extension criterion. However, at the RHS of FLD, the forming limit depends largely on the order of a chosen yield function. Typically, a higher order yield function leads to a lower limit strain. The theoretical result of this study is compared with those reported by earlier researchers for Al 2028 and Al 6111-T4 (Grafand Hosford, 1993; Chow et al., 1997).
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Sulakshana, Ch, and L. Anjaneyulu. "A CPW-fed reconfigurable patch antenna with circular polarization diversity." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 7, no. 6 (July 17, 2014): 753–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078714000981.
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This paper presents a simple and compact coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed circular-shaped reconfigurable patch antenna with a switchable circular polarization (CP) sense. The circular patch is cut at the ends vertically and switches are introduced to connect the patch ends. By controlling the ON/OFF status of the two switches, the polarization of the antenna can be switched between two states: left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization. The patch is designed on a very thin RT Duroid substrate of dielectric constant (εr) of 2.2 and thickness of 0.254 mm. The overall antenna dimensions are 35 × 30 mm. The antenna is designed and simulated using finite-element method -based EM simulator, HFSS. For each switching condition the return loss curve, radiation pattern are obtained. Axial ratio curves for polarization diversity cases are also plotted. Parametric studies have been made in order to get optimized values for certain antenna dimensions such as thickness, CPW ground to feed gap, etc.
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Orsi, Robert A. "Every question is open: Looking for paths beyond the clearing." Critical Research on Religion 4, no. 3 (November 10, 2016): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050303216676529.
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However challenging scholars of religion find it to talk across their respective subfields, they are responsible for doing so in order to consider future trajectories for research in religious studies. This contribution to the symposium considers what a 2014 seminar of younger scholars of religion see as urgent problems and issues in religious studies today in order to open a conversation about what is left of religion after “religion.” How do we approach the lived religious practices of men and women in particular times and places after the historical deconstruction of “religion” as the object of scholarly inquiry from modernity to the present? Do scholars of religion in the humanities, on one hand, and sociologists of religion, on the other, recognize their respective subfields in this discussion of problems and questions? This article is offered as a diagnostic to chart the fault lines between divergent methods and theories.
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Rasyid, Abdur. "RADIKALISASI DAN MODERASI : STUDI GERAKAN ISLAM MAINSTREM JAMA’AH ISLAMIYAH DAN NAHDATUL ULAMA DI INDONESIA." Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam 18, no. 1 (July 5, 2018): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/tamaddun.v18i1.2321.
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This paper will parse and explain the moderation movement initiated and mobilized by the Islamic organization Nahdhatul Ulama and radical movements conducted by Jama'ah Islamiyah. The focus of this paper will look at the Islamic philosophy and vision (NU and JI) on religious and political relations. This research uses qualitative method with descriptive analysis, that is data used in research and supported by theme-related literatures. The NU moderation movement is a manifestation of ideology formed in many spaces, one of the most important being culture. Contextualization and internalization of the interpretation of the sacred texts namely Al Quran and Hadith, birth concepts such as pluralism and endurance. The earthing of Islamic teachings in accordance with the concept of rahmatan lil alamin existing in the Qur'an can not be a left or right object (moderate). Islam is present as a religion that lays political and Islamic relations as two sides complement each other and maintain their own identity. Islam requires politics and state for the media to develop its teachings in all aspects of community life, while the state needs Islam to safeguard, guard and guide the life of the state and society. On the other hand, Jama'ah Islamiyah known as extremist groups who want a system of state order called "al-Khilafah al-Islamiyah", various ways and efforts must be implemented for the sake of the establishment of an Islamic state including the path of war (jihad) with violence, manifestation of the ideology of the application of Islamic Shari'ah in kaffah and syumul
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Nahdhatul Ulama;Moderasi; Jama’ah Islamiy; Radikalisme
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Kent Nelson. "The Path of the Left Hand." Missouri Review 32, no. 3 (2009): 48–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mis.0.0156.
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Heikkilä, Marikka, Harry Bouwman, and Jukka Heikkilä. "From strategic goals to business model innovation paths: an exploratory study." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 25, no. 1 (February 12, 2018): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-03-2017-0097.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse how different strategic goals of (micro-, small- and medium-sized firms=SMEs) relate to the business model innovation (BMI) paths that SMEs take when improving their business. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted 11 in-depth case studies involving SMEs innovating their business models (BMs). Findings The authors found evidence that strategic goals of SMEs (start new business, growth and profitability) lead them to alternative innovation path in terms of BM components affected. Growth seekers start from the right-hand side of a BM Canvas, while profitability seekers start from the back end, the left side of a Canvas; and new businesses adopt a cyclical approach considering BM components in turn, while at the same time redesigning and testing the BM. The findings of this study also indicate that all three paths gradually lead to improvement in several BM components. Research limitations/implications Findings indicate that a strategic management view in which strategic goals define BMI also applies to SMEs. The distinctive BMI paths that the authors identified provide evidence to suggest that, although the SMEs may not have an explicitly formulated strategy, their strategic goals determine the type of improvements they make to their BM. All three SME groups started their improvements from different BM components and changed several elements in their BMs in a specific order, forming distinctive BMI paths. Finally, to understand the BMI in SMEs better, more research is needed into BMI processes and into the way BMI is managed in SMEs. Practical implications The findings of this study help SMEs to anticipate the next steps in their path towards an improved BM. By mirroring their approach to the BMI paths, they can better manage their BM makeover process and focus on their innovation activities. For providers of BMI tools and methods, the study indicates which SME innovation tasks could be supported by tools and how the tools should be aligned with the BMI paths. Originality/value BMI is attracting growing attention in both research and practice. However, knowledge concerning BMI in SMEs is limited. The authors contributed to BMI research by focussing on the BMI paths of SMEs, i.e. the often sequential, non-linear and iterative steps taken to improve the business by making changes to specific BM components.
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Granholm, Kennet. "Left-Hand Path Magic and Animal Rights." Nova Religio 12, no. 4 (May 1, 2009): 28–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2009.12.4.28.
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The Left-Hand Path is a controversial form of new Esoteric spirituality, often labeled Satanic, and often perceived as entertaining right-wing political sympathies. It is therefore important to note that two of the most prominent Left-Hand Path groups——the Temple of Set and Dragon Rouge——foster animal rights ideologies, something which is generally considered leftist. Animal rights ideology would seem to be a less than perfect fit with the epistemological individualism, goals of self-deification, and antinomian approaches to predominant religious culture——fundamental elements in Left-Hand Path philosophies. It has nonetheless become an integral part of both the Temple of Set and Dragon Rouge. In this article I examine the manifestations and possible reasons for the rise of the apparent paradox of animal rights ideologies in the Left-Hand Path.
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Zainud-Deen, S., S. Abd Elhamied, and H. Abd El-Azem Malhat. "Integrated Millimeter-Wave Antennas for On-Chip Communication." Advanced Electromagnetics 5, no. 1 (March 12, 2016): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v5i1.333.
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This paper introduces the design and analysis of circularly polarized (CP) and dual-polarized on-chip microstrip antennas for wireless communication at 60 GHz. The CP on-chip antenna consists of a circular aluminum patch with two overlapped circular slots fed by the transmission line. The radiation characteristics of the CP have been analyzed using the finite integration technique and finite element method based electromagnetic solvers. The CP antenna introduces left-hand circular polarization and employs as on-chip transmitter. A design of dual-polarized on-chip microstrip antenna at 60 GHz is investigated and is employed as on-chip receiver. The dual ports of the dual polarized antenna are designed with high isolation between them in order to be used as a two on-chip receivers. The radiation characteristics of the dual-port antenna have been calculated. The effect of the separation distance between the CP-antenna and the dual-polarized antenna on the same chip has been investigated. The performance parameters like the reflection coefficient, transmission coefficient, and the transmission gain of the two antennas at different separation distances have been introduced.
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Brzeziński, Dariusz W. "Comparison of Fractional Order Derivatives Computational Accuracy - Right Hand vs Left Hand Definition." Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences 2, no. 1 (June 25, 2017): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21042/amns.2017.1.00020.
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AbstractNumerical computation of fractional order derivatives and integrals can be done by applying many approaches. They include Riemann-Liouville and Caputo formulas. Both formulas include fractional order integration and integer order differentiation but in a different order: fractional order integration can be preceded by integer order differentiation or it can be done in the reverse order. In the paper we apply both formulas for FOD computation and investigate if an application of a particular order have any advantages, e.g. resulting in higher accuracy. The outcome of the experiment is that by applying adequately selected formula of FOD computation according to the shape of a particular function, the accuracy of computation can often be increased. Application of Riemann-Liouville formula enables successful FOD computation for functions which nth derivative does not exist.
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Jones, Stephanie A. H., Patrick A. Byrne, Katja Fiehler, and Denise Y. P. Henriques. "Reach endpoint errors do not vary with movement path of the proprioceptive target." Journal of Neurophysiology 107, no. 12 (June 15, 2012): 3316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00901.2011.
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Previous research has shown that reach endpoints vary with the starting position of the reaching hand and the location of the reach target in space. We examined the effect of movement direction of a proprioceptive target-hand, immediately preceding a reach, on reach endpoints to that target. Participants reached to visual, proprioceptive (left target-hand), or visual-proprioceptive targets (left target-hand illuminated for 1 s prior to reach onset) with their right hand. Six sites served as starting and final target locations (35 target movement directions in total). Reach endpoints do not vary with the movement direction of the proprioceptive target, but instead appear to be anchored to some other reference (e.g., body). We also compared reach endpoints across the single and dual modality conditions. Overall, the pattern of reaches for visual-proprioceptive targets resembled those for proprioceptive targets, while reach precision resembled those for the visual targets. We did not, however, find evidence for integration of vision and proprioception based on a maximum-likelihood estimator in these tasks.
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De Cock, Laure, Kristien Ooms, Nico Van de Weghe, and Philippe De Maeyer. "Linking perception to decision point complexity for adaptive indoor wayfinding support." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-55-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Outdoors, navigation aids are widely used. Indoors, on the other hand, these systems are not yet common practice, because it requires another more elaborate positioning method and the environments are more complex. Especially in complex buildings, wayfinding can be challenging and induce a rise in cognitive load. To reduce cognitive load, indoor wayfinding aids have to be adapted to both the architecture of the building and the requirements of the users.</p><p> To facilitate this adaptation, first of all, the complexity of a building has to be quantified. Several methodologies are developed to this end and some of them have been proven to correlate well with wayfinding strategies of navigators, such as isovists and the space syntax theory. An isovist is the area in space which can be seen from a certain viewpoint. This isovist area can be drawn on a floorplan of a building, resulting in a polygon with several geometric properties (e.g. surface area, longest line of sight, compactness) that can be used to quantify the complexity in a certain point of a building. Rather than focussing on separate elements of space, the space syntax theory analyses how spaces relate to each other. The visibility graph analysis (VGA) combines both methodologies by putting a grid on the floorplan and drawing an isovist in every point of the grid. From all these points, measures such as the mean visual depth can be calculated, which quantify the integration of the points in the global building structure. Measures of isovists and VGA are often used in literature to link spatio-visual properties of buildings (e.g. museums and shopping centers) to exploratory movements of visitors. The architectural layout of a building has a significant impact on the cognitive load during navigation, but the demanded effort also depends on people’s environmental perception. One of the factors that shape this perception are personal characteristics such as cultural background, familiarity and navigation capabilities. The quantification of decision point visibility with isovist measures or VGA on the one hand and the navigator’s perception of the same decision point on the other hand are not necessarily equivalent. However, both have an influence on indoor movement and therefore, both should be included in a framework for an adaptive wayfinding aid. </p><p> This adaptation can be implemented in several components of a wayfinding system (e.g. the route planning by generating the least turn path instead of the shortest path). However, the route instructions convey the spatial information and are therefore the key to successful navigation. Adequate communication can accelerate the process of wayfinding and avoid uncertainties of the user. Moreover, the chosen presentation form of the instruction is decisive for the usability of the navigation system. A distinction can be made between maps and turn-by-turn instructions. Maps give a survey perspective of the environment by displaying the complete floorplan. That way, navigators can improve their cognitive map of the environment. However, most users of wayfinding aids in complex buildings have no interest in improving their mental map and prefer a maximum ease of wayfinding. Alternatively, turn-by-turn instructions can be given at every decision point in many forms (e.g. symbols, text, map, photo, 3D simulations). The current studies on route communication are limited to one type per route. However, because every decision point is different, the induced cognitive load is also different at these points. Therefore, route communication should be adapted at decision point level.</p><p> To be able to make an adaptive wayfinding system an online survey is executed to determine the best type of route instruction for every decision point (Figure 1). The case study building of the online survey is the iGent tower, a recently built (2015) office building in Ghent (Belgium). The architects designed the tower as a smart building (with several location sensors implemented in the ceiling), hence, it is well equipped for the development of a wayfinding system. During the survey, participants are guided along ten routes, based on video materials. For every new route, a different type of route instruction is shown whereby the order of both the routes and the types is randomised. At every decision point along the ten routes (52 in total) participants indicated how complex they found that decision point and how good they found that instruction type. The answers to the first question are compared to six isovist measures and one VGA measure (calculated with Isovists.org). The preliminary results indicate that several measures are correlated with the complexity ratings of the participants. However, a factor with a larger influence on the complexity ratings is the action participants had to take (e.g. go straight forward, turn left, change floors). Therefore, the complexity of a decision point depends both on the architecture and on the type of action navigators have to take. It can be concluded that both aspects should be considered in the instruction type selection of an adaptive wayfinding system. This conclusion is confirmed by the instruction type ratings.</p>
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Annett, Marian. "Phonological Processing and Right minus Left Hand Skill." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 44, no. 1 (January 1992): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640749208401282.
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Two experiments tested the hypothesis that children at the left of the distribution of right minus left (R-L) hand skill are at risk for poor phonological processing. In the first experiment, individual assessments of spoken rhyme awareness were made in 5- to 8-year-olds. In the second experiment, a group test of word order memory for spoken confusable and nonconfusable items was given to 9- to 11-year-olds. Evidence of poorer phonological processing in those at the left of the R-L distribution was found in both experiments. Rhyme judgements and word order memory were both associated with reading ability, but reading did not interact with effects for hand skill. A group test of homophone comprehension was given to the same children tested for word order memory. Homophone errors did not differ between hand skill groups, showing a dissociation between the two tasks for R-L hand difference. The findings suggest that some risks for phonological processing could be due to normal genetic variation associated with the hypothesized rs + gene (Annett, 1972, 1978).
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Baldauf, Daniel. "Visual Selection of the Future Reach Path in Obstacle Avoidance." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 30, no. 12 (December 2018): 1846–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01310.
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In two EEG experiments, we studied the role of visual attention during the preparation of manual movements around an obstacle. Participants performed rapid hand movements to a goal position avoiding a central obstacle either on the left or right side, depending on the pitch of the acoustical go signal. We used a dot probe paradigm to analyze the deployment of spatial attention in the visual field during the motor preparation. Briefly after the go signal but still before the hand movement actually started, a visual transient was flashed either on the planned pathway of the hand (congruent trials) or on the opposite, movement-irrelevant side (incongruent trials). The P1/N1 components that were evoked by the onset of the dot probe were enhanced in congruent trials where the visual transient was presented on the planned path of the hand. The results indicate that, during movement preparation, attention is allocated selectively to the planned trajectory the hand is going to take around the obstacle.
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Van Thiel, Edwin, Ruud G. J. Meulenbroek, and Wouter Hulstijn. "Path Curvature in Workspace and in Joint Space: Evidence for Coexisting Coordinative Rules in Aiming." Motor Control 2, no. 4 (October 1998): 331–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/mcj.2.4.331.
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In this study we tried to establish whether point-to-point aiming movements are planned in workspace, joint space, or both. Eight right-handed subjects performed horizontal, vertical, and diagonal aiming movements on a transversal plane. Movements were performed at several speeds. Curvature variations of the hand and corresponding joint-space paths were investigated as a function of position, direction, and speed. Straightness of hand paths predominated for vertical movements but was systematically violated for horizontal and top-right to bottom-left movements. Furthermore, the hand-path curvature of the latter movements increased with speed. Joint-space paths showed more deviation from a straight line than hand paths except for top-left to bottom-right movements in which the paths were equally curved. A comparison of normalized path curvatures at the hand and joint level indicated that in aiming, the coordinative rule of straight-line production seems to apply to both workspace and joint-space planning. The present findings confirm Kawato's (1996) views that optimization processes operate concurrently at the two control levels of arm-trajectory formation under study.
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Kohel, David, Kristin Lauter, Christophe Petit, and Jean-Pierre Tignol. "On the quaternion -isogeny path problem." LMS Journal of Computation and Mathematics 17, A (2014): 418–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s1461157014000151.
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AbstractLet $\mathcal{O}$ be a maximal order in a definite quaternion algebra over $\mathbb{Q}$ of prime discriminant $p$, and $\ell $ a small prime. We describe a probabilistic algorithm which, for a given left $\mathcal{O}$-ideal, computes a representative in its left ideal class of $\ell $-power norm. In practice the algorithm is efficient and, subject to heuristics on expected distributions of primes, runs in expected polynomial time. This solves the underlying problem for a quaternion analog of the Charles–Goren–Lauter hash function, and has security implications for the original CGL construction in terms of supersingular elliptic curves.
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Sainburg, R. L., and D. Kalakanis. "Differences in Control of Limb Dynamics During Dominant and Nondominant Arm Reaching." Journal of Neurophysiology 83, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 2661–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.83.5.2661.
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This study compares the coordination patterns employed for the left and right arms during rapid targeted reaching movements. Six right-handed subjects reached to each of three targets, designed to elicit progressively greater amplitude interaction torques at the elbow joint. All targets required the same elbow excursion (20°), but different shoulder excursions (5, 10, and 15°, respectively). Movements were restricted to the shoulder and elbow and supported on a horizontal plane by a frictionless air-jet system. Subjects received visual feedback only of the final hand position with respect to the start and target locations. For motivation, points were awarded based on final position accuracy for movements completed within an interval of 400–600 ms. For all subjects, the right and left hands showed a similar time course of improvement in final position accuracy over repeated trials. After task adaptation, final position accuracy was similar for both hands; however, the hand trajectories and joint coordination patterns during the movements were systematically different. Right hand paths showed medial to lateral curvatures that were consistent in magnitude for all target directions, whereas the left hand paths had lateral to medial curvatures that increased in magnitude across the three target directions. Inverse dynamic analysis revealed substantial differences in the coordination of muscle and intersegmental torques for the left and right arms. Although left elbow muscle torque contributed largely to elbow acceleration, right arm coordination was characterized by a proximal control strategy, in which movement of both joints was primarily driven by the effects of shoulder muscles. In addition, right hand path direction changes were independent of elbow interaction torque impulse, indicating skillful coordination of muscle actions with intersegmental dynamics. In contrast, left hand path direction changes varied directly with elbow interaction torque impulse. These findings strongly suggest that distinct neural control mechanisms are employed for dominant and non dominant arm movements. However, whether interlimb differences in neural strategies are a consequence of asymmetric use of the two arms, or vice versa, is not yet understood. The implications for neural organization of voluntary movement control are discussed.
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Cressman, Erin K., and Denise Y. P. Henriques. "Reach Adaptation and Proprioceptive Recalibration Following Exposure to Misaligned Sensory Input." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 4 (April 2010): 1888–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01002.2009.
Full textAbstract:
Motor adaptation in response to a visuomotor distortion arises when the usual motor command no longer results in the predicted sensory output. In this study, we examined if exposure to a sensory discrepancy was sufficient on its own to produce changes in reaches and recalibrate the sense of felt hand position in the absence of any voluntary movements. Subjects pushed their hand out along a robot-generated fixed linear path (active exposure group) or were passively moved along the same path (passive exposure group). This fixed path was gradually rotated counterclockwise around the home position with respect to the path of the cursor. On all trials, subjects saw the cursor head directly to the remembered target position while their hand moved outwards. We found that after exposure to the visually distorted hand motion, subjects in both groups adapted their reaches such that they aimed ∼6° to the left of the intended target. The magnitude of reach adaptation was similar to the extent that subjects recalibrated their sense of felt hand position. Specifically the position at which subjects perceived their unseen hand to be aligned with a reference marker was the same as that to which they reached when allowed to move freely. Given the similarity in magnitude of these adaptive responses we propose that reach adaptation arose due to changes in subjects' sense of felt hand position. Moreover, results indicate that motor adaptation can arise following exposure to a sensory mismatch in the absence of movement related error signals.
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Shim, Jaemin. "Left is right and right is left? Partisan difference on social welfare and particularistic benefits in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan." Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy 36, no. 1 (March 2020): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ics.2020.2.
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AbstractThis paper investigates elite-level partisan differences along the socioeconomic dimension in three developed East Asian democracies – Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. On the one hand, the mainstream literature in welfare studies and party politics expects left- and right-leaning parties should vary significantly in utilizing social policy promises. On the other hand, the path dependency logic tells us that left–right difference should be found over particularistic benefits, such as agricultural subsidies or construction projects, considering that these were central means for right-leaning parties to maintain their power during the developmental state period in the three countries. Using an original bill-sponsorship data set between 1987 and 2012, we find that there has not been any substantial difference in the agenda setting of conventional social welfare bills between left- and right-wing government periods. However, a clear elective affinity can be observed between established right-wing parties and particularistic benefits. The paper shows that contextualizing key political actors' preferences can lead to a more systematic understanding of political dynamics behind the socioeconomic dimension in non-Anglo-European countries.
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Yasen, Khaled N., Fahad Layth Malallah, Lway Faisal Abdulrazak, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Asem Khmag, and Baraa T. Shareef. "Hand detection and segmentation using smart path tracking fingers as features and expert system classifier." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 5277. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i6.pp5277-5285.
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Nowadays, hand gesture recognition (HGR) is getting popular due to several applications such as remote based control using a hand, and security for access control. One of the major problems of HGR is the accuracy lacking hand detection and segmentation. In this paper, a new algorithm of hand detection will be presented, which works by tracking fingers smartly based on the planned path. The tracking operation is accomplished by assuming a point at the top middle of the image containing the object then this point slides few pixels down to be a reference point then branching into two slopes: left and right. On these slopes, fingers will be scanned to extract flip-numbers, which are considered as features to be classified accordingly by utilizing the expert system. Experiments were conducted using 100 images for 10-individual containing hand inside a cluttered background by using Dataset of Leap Motion and Microsoft Kinect hand acquisitions. The recorded accuracy is depended on the complexity of the Flip-Number setting, which is achieved 96%, 84% and 81% in case 6, 7 and 8 Flip_Numbers respectively, in which this result reflects a high level of finite accuracy in comparing with existing techniques.
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de Jong, Gideon. "Activity-based funding in mental health: a disastrous path." Australasian Psychiatry 26, no. 1 (July 13, 2017): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856217716293.
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Objectives: On the basis of the experience of the Netherlands, this critical commentary will argue why activity-based funding (ABF) in mental health care is a disastrous path that Australia should not take. Conclusions: ABF leads to an exponential growth in health care spending as it encourages diagnostic inflation and overproductivity. It also leads to fraud and an increased bureaucracy that goes hand in hand with demoralisation among health workers. And finally, the increasing treatment claims leads to the reintroduction of productivity limitations, waiting lists and ultimately austerity measures in order to halt the untamed growth of spending.
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Harvey, Monika, Stephen R. Jackson, Roger Newport, Tanja Krämer, D. Llewlyn Morris, and Lindsay Dow. "Is Grasping Impaired in Hemispatial Neglect?" Behavioural Neurology 13, no. 1-2 (2002): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2002/495854.
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Patients with right unilateral cerebral stroke, four of which showed acute hemispatial neglect, and healthy aged-matched controls were tested for their ability to grasp objects located in either right or left space at near or far distances. Reaches were performed either in free vision or without visual feedback from the hand or target object. It was found that the patient group showed normal grasp kinematics with respect to maximum grip aperture, grip orientation, and the time taken to reach the maximum grip aperture. Analysis of hand path curvature showed that control subjects produced straighter right hand reaches when vision was available compared to when it was not. The right hemisphere lesioned patients, however, showed similar levels of curvature in each of these conditions. No behavioural differences, though, could be found between right hemisphere lesioned patients with or without hemispatial neglect on either grasp parameters, path deviation or temporal kinematics.
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Bessenyei, Mihály, and Zsolt Páles. "Characterization of higher-order monotonicity via integral inequalities." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Section A Mathematics 140, no. 4 (August 2010): 723–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308210509001188.
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The Hermite-Hadamard inequality not only is a consequence of convexity but also characterizes it: if a continuous function satisfies either its left-hand side or its right-hand side on each compact subinterval of the domain, then it is necessarily convex. The aim of this paper is to prove analogous statements for the higher-order extensions of the Hermite-Hadamard inequality. The main tools of the proofs are smoothing by convolution and the support properties of higher-order monotone functions.
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Gracco, Antonio, Giovanni Bruno, Alberto De Stefani, Laura Siviero, Alessandro Perri, and Edoardo Stellini. "Maturation of the Middle Phalanx of the Third Finger: A Comparative Study between Right and Left Hand." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 42, no. 2 (January 1, 2018): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4628-42.2.14.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: Recently a classification of patient's skeletal age based on the phalanx maturation, The Middle Phalanx Maturation of the third finger (MPM) method, was suggested. The aim of this study is to evaluate if there is a difference in MPM between the right and left hand. Study design: Two hundred fifty-four patients were obtained from the Complex Operating Unit of Orthodontics of Padua University Hospital. The total sample size has been selected by appropriate statistical calculations resulting in 130 patients. It was decided to further double the sample size of a previous study to ensure a robust statistical analysis. Radiographs of the right and left were obtained using the MPM method. Stages were compared using the right hand as a reference. The statistical analysis (Fisher exact test) was performed for the entire sample and related to gender in order to compare the right and the left hand stages. Results: In MPS2, 6 out 49 (12.2%) males and 7 out 27 females (25.9%) showed MPS3 in the left hand (p-value < 0.05). In all other stages, a total agreement (100%) was found. Conclusion: The authors confirm the use of the right hand as reference. In patients with MPS2 an additional radiograph on the left hand can be taken in order to increase the diagnostic accuracy. In all other stages other radiographs are not needed as a total agreement between the right and left hand was found.
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Mickevičienė, Dalia, Kristina Motiejūnaitė, Diana Karanauskienė, Albertas Skurvydas, Daiva Vizbaraitė, Gražina Krutulytė, and Inesa Rimdeikienė. "Gender-Dependent Bimanual Task Performance." Medicina 47, no. 9 (October 5, 2011): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina47090073.
Full textAbstract:
Background and Objective. Many studies have suggested that each hand has a different special talent; however, there is a lack of data in the area of goal-directed bimanual hand coordination and its dependence on gender. The aim of this paper was to investigate gender-dependent bimanual speed-accuracy task performance. Material and Methods. Twelve healthy young males and twelve healthy young females (all righthanded) performed protractile movements with both arms simultaneously by pushing joysticks toward two targets as quickly and accurately as possible. Results. Though no significant difference was observed in the reaction time during a unimanual speed-accuracy task between the left and right hands as well as men and women, during a bimanual task, the reaction time of both the hands was significantly longer in women than men. There was no significant difference in the velocity of both the hands during a bimanual speed-accuracy task between men and women, while the accuracy of the left hand was significantly greater in men than women. There was no significant difference in intraindividual variability in the reaction time, maximal velocity, and path of movement between men and women as well as the left and right hands, but variability in the average velocity of the right hand both in women and men was significantly greater compared with their left hand. Conclusions. Whereas people typically look at the target location for a reaching movement, it is possible that two objects are simultaneously fixated.
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Leybaert, Jacqueline, and Josiane Lechat. "Phonological Similarity Effects in Memory for Serial Order of Cued Speech." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 44, no. 5 (October 2001): 949–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2001/074).
Full textAbstract:
Experiment I investigated memory for serial order by congenitally, profoundly deaf individuals, 6–22 years old, for words presented via Cued Speech (CS) without sound. CS is a system that resolves the ambiguity inherent in speechreading through the addition of manual cues. The phonological components of CS are mouth shape, hand shape, and hand placement. Of interest was whether the recall of serial order was lower for lists of words similar in both mouth shape and hand placement, or similar in mouth shape only, or in hand placement only than for control lists designed to minimize these similarities. Deaf participants showed lower performance on the three similar lists than the control lists, suggesting that deaf individuals use the phonology of CS to support their recall. In Experiment II, the same lists were administered to two groups of hearing participants. One group, experienced producers of CS, received the CS stimuli without sound; the other group, unfamiliar with CS, received the CS stimuli audiovisually. Participants experienced with CS showed no effect of hand placement similarity, suggesting that this effect may be related to the linguistic experience of deaf participants. The recency effect was greater in the hearing group provided with sound, indicating that the traces left by auditory stimuli are perceptually more salient than those left by the visual stimuli encountered in CS.
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MEIER-KOLL, ALFRED. "LATERALIZED ULTRADIAN RHYTHMS IN TIME AND SPACE: A CHRONOBIOLOGICAL FIELD STUDY IN KENYAN MAASAI." Journal of Biosocial Science 31, no. 2 (April 1999): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932099002333.
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Lateralized ultradian rhythms oscillating separately in the right and left hemispheres of the human brain can be monitored by variations in the tactile discrimination of either hand. A previous study in male German subjects has shown that the tactile error rates determined for the right and left hands oscillate with significantly different periodicities. In the present study, a group of Kenyan Maasai shepherds was tested while the subjects were leading herds on daily feeding routes. The Maasai exhibit considerable ultradian rhythms of about 2 hours in tactile error rates of either hand, but in contrast to the German subjects there is no significant difference between the right and left side. While an individual is en route, his hemispheres proceed through alternating states in matching segments of the path. Ultradian rhythms thus ‘scan’ not only the time of day but also the space, and might provide an intrinsic time-frame for neuronal processes of cognitive mapping.
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Man, Z. G., Wen Hua Ye, P. Zhao, Pei Huang Lou, and T. J. Wu. "Research on RFID and Vision-Based AGV Navigation." Advanced Materials Research 136 (October 2010): 298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.136.298.
Full textAbstract:
In order to implement vision-based navigation of AGV (Automated guided vehicle) with complex path, a method incorporating RFID (radio frequency identification) technology with image processing technology is proposed, in which RFID technology is used to recognize nodes and image processing technology is used to detect path. Straight line path is detected by Hough transform in case that AGV runs straightly, while curve path is detected by line scanning in case that AGV turns right and left. Experiment results show that, with the method presented in this paper, the navigation of path tracking for AGV is implemented well.
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Chan, Bin-Da, Kutay Icoz, Wanfeng Huang, Chun-Li Chang, and Cagri A. Savran. "On-demand weighing of single dry biological particles over a 5-order-of-magnitude dynamic range." Lab Chip 14, no. 21 (2014): 4188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4lc00765d.
Full textAbstract:
A method to weigh individually selected biological microparticles over a dynamic range of 30 pg to 2.4 μg. The figure shows a single pollen grain specifically picked and placed on the left-hand cantilever for weighing; on the right-hand cantilever is a bead used as a reference.
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Ghilardi, M. F., J. Gordon, and C. Ghez. "Learning a visuomotor transformation in a local area of work space produces directional biases in other areas." Journal of Neurophysiology 73, no. 6 (June 1, 1995): 2535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.73.6.2535.
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1. The dependence of directional biases in reaching movements on the initial position of the hand was studied in normal human subjects moving their unseen hand on a horizontal digitizing tablet to visual targets displayed on a vertical computer screen. 2. When initial hand positions were to the right of midline, movements were systematically biased clockwise. Biases were counterclockwise for starting points to the left. Biases were unaffected by the screen location of the starting and target positions. 3. Vision of the hand in relation to the target before movement, as well as practice with vision of the cursor during the movement, temporarily eliminated these biases. The spatial organization of the biases suggests that, without vision of the limb, the nervous system underestimates the distance of the hand from an axis or plane that includes its most common operating location. 4. To test the hypothesis that such an underestimate might represent an adaptation to a local area of work space or range effect, subjects were trained to reach accurately from right or left positions. After training, movements initiated from other locations, including ones that were previously error free, showed new biases that again represented underestimates of the distance of the initial hand position from the new trained location. 5. We conclude that hand path planning is dependent on learned representations of the location of the hand in the work space.
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Analia, Riska, Andika Putra Pratama, and Susanto Susanto. "Industry 4.0: Hand Recognition on Assembly Supervision Process." JURNAL INTEGRASI 13, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/ji.v13i1.2757.
Full textAbstract:
In the assembly industry, the process of assembling components is very important in order to produce a quality product. Assembly of components should be carried out sequentially based on the standards set by the company. For companies that still operate the assembly process manually by employee, sometimes errors occur in the assembly process, which can affect the quality of production. In order to be carried out the assembly process according to the procedure, a system is needed that can detect employee hands when carrying out the assembly process automatically. This study proposes an artificial intelligence-based real-time employee hand detection system. This system will be the basis for the development of an automatic industrial product assembly process to welcome the Industry 4.0. To verify system performance, several experiments were carried out, such as; detecting the right and left hands of employees and detecting hands when using accessories or not. From the experimental results it can be concluded that the system is able to detect the right and left hands of employees well with the resulting FPS average of 15.4.
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Чернышов, В. И. "Piano Concertos for the Left Hand by Ravel and Prokofiev: Two Answers to One Order." OPERA MUSICOLOGICA, no. 4 (November 15, 2020): 67–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26156/om.2020.12.4.004.
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Пианист Пауль Витгенштейн, желая расширить и обновить свой концертный репертуар, внес в XX веке существенный вклад в фортепианную литературу для левой руки. В 1929–1930 годах он заказывает фортепианный концерт сначала Морису Равелю, а затем Сергею Прокофьеву. Это оказалось возможным благодаря наследству, полученному пианистом после смерти отца — сталелитейного магната Карла Витгенштейна. Если Равелю удалось, хоть и не полностью, удовлетворить потребности заказчика, то Прокофьеву было вовсе отказано в исполнении его музыки. Одной из главных причин неудачи Прокофьева можно считать творческий кризис конца зарубежного периода, когда композитор находился в поисках нового музыкального языка — «новой простоты». В статье прослеживается и сравнивается судьба этих произведений; устанавливаются причины сравнительной невостребованности концерта Прокофьева исполнителями; анализируется композиция, фортепианная фактура и техника, оркестровка. Освещены биографические факты из жизни Пауля Витгенштейна, а также непростые отношения между заказчиком и композиторами. In the twentieth century, the one-armed pianist Paul Wittgenstein made a significant contribution to piano literature for the left hand, which was due to his wish to broaden and update his concert repertoire. In 1929–1930 he ordered a left-handed piano concerto first to Maurice Ravel and then to Sergei Prokofiev. It was possible through the inheritance that Wittgenstein received after the death of his father, the steel magnate Karl Wittgenstein. While Ravel was able to meet the client’s needs, though not completely, Prokofiev was completely denied the performance of his music. One of the main reasons for Prokofiev’s failure might be the creative crisis of the end of the foreign period, when the composer was in search of a new musical language — “the new simplicity”. The article traces and compares the destiny of these piano concertos, specifying the reasons for the relative lack of demand for Prokofiev’s left-handed concerto on behalf of performers. The article also analyzes music, piano texture and technique, form, orchestration of the lefthanded concertos. Special attention is paid to biographical facts from Paul Wittgenstein’s life, as well as uneasy relationship between the client and the composers.
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Wang, Peng, Qingyun Wang, Maosong Wan, and Ning Chen. "A Fractional Derivative-Based Lateral Preview Driver Model for Autonomous Automobile Path Tracking." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (September 23, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7320413.
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The concept of focus point preview is proposed, and fractional calculus is introduced to driver model to build focus point preview driver model. A formula for calculating lateral error is given, where the weight coefficients of fractional calculus are designed to imitate the driver’s focus preview property. The relationship between the speed and the order of fractional calculus is studied. A driver-vehicle-road simulation system is set up to illustrate the performances of the proposed preview model. The S-type road is used to test the model in the case of continuous small curvature turns and the Shanghai F1 track model is used as the case that automobile passing large curvature curve. The performances are evaluated from two aspects: path tracking effect and vehicle dynamic responses. It is concluded that, as the speed of the vehicle increases, the optimal order of fractional integral increases, so that the order is seen as the degree of driver’s attention. What is more, in the case of large curvature, the path tracking performance is improved by increasing the corresponding fractional order. Simulations results also show that, compared with the single-point preview model, the performances of the focus point preview model are better. On the one hand, the proposed driver model can be used to control the vehicle steering and path tracking. On the other hand, fractional calculus is used to reveal the driver preview property and the order is given a certain physical meaning, which is conducive to the development of fractional calculus applications.
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Heath, Barbara, George Ettlinger, and Josephine V. Brown. "Tactile Recognition of Mirror Images by Children: Intermanual Transfer and Rotation of the Palm." Perception 17, no. 4 (August 1988): 535–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p170535.
Full textAbstract:
In order to evaluate the importance of the axis of stimulus presentation, inter- and intramanual recognition of mirror pairs was studied with the stimulus materials aligned along the front/back axis (whereas in previous work the mirror pairs were aligned along the left/right axis). Children were allowed to feel shapes with the whole hand, with only four fingers (excluding the thumb), or with only the index finger. After learning with one hand, recognition was tested in experiment 1 with the other hand; after learning with one orientation of the hand (palm down or up), recognition was tested in experiment 2 with the other orientation (palm up or down) of the same hand; after learning with one coronal alignment of the hand (to the left or right), recognition was tested in experiment 3 with the other alignment (to the right or left), but without rotation, of the same hand. Significantly fewer intermanual recognition errors were made on mirror pairs with the materials oriented along the front/back axis than in previous work when oriented along the left/right axis. This supports the suggestion that such errors arise when the stimuli are oriented along the left/right axis during formation of the memory trace. The same trend was unexpectedly obtained for intramanual recognition errors (after rotation of the hand). These errors (after hand rotation) are largely due to coding with respect to the hand; they are reduced when the hand is not aligned with the body axis, since then coding can also occur in relation to the environment.
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Watanabe, Kunio. "Handedness found in a wild group of moor monkeys in the Karaenta Nature Reserve, South Sulawesi, Indonesia." Current Zoology 56, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/56.2.209.
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Abstract Hand preference of wild moor monkeys Macaca maurus was investigated in food reaching situations at the Karaenta Nature Reserve, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The frequency picking up sweet-corn grains to take into the mouth by either hand of monkeys was counted directly at the feeding ground where sweet-corn grains were scattered for monkeys. Among the 20 monkeys examined, 8 were right-handed, 8 were left-handed, and 4 were ambilateral. The results indicated the prevailed hand preference on individual level but not either trends of left- or right-hand preference on population level. The trend toward a higher proportion of left-handed monkeys found in Japanese and rhesus monkeys was not found. Some other characteristics found in moor monkeys are discussed in comparison with those previous findings in Japanese and Tibetan macaques in order to evaluate variations within the genus Macaca.
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Calderón Ardila, Daniela, Daniel Raúl Ballesteros Larrota, María Andrea Calderón Ardila, and Luis Ernesto Ballesteros Acuña. "Traumatic injury of radial and ulnar artery with perfusion of the hand through the median artery: a case report." Colombia Medica 52, no. 2 (May 26, 2021): e5024521. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/cm.v52i2.4521.
Full textAbstract:
Case description:
A young male patient with a complete section of the ulnar and radial arteries preserved the perfusion of the hand through an anatomical variant, the median artery, identified by angiotomography.
Clinical Findings:
A wound in the distal third of the left forearm with present pulses and adequate hand coloration. An angiotomography of the upper left limb showed a median artery originating as a continuation of the anterior interosseous artery and ending in the palm of the hand with an incomplete superficial palmar arch.
Treatment and Outcomes:
Ligation of both radial and ulnar arteries was performed. It was not possible to follow up with the patient.
Clinical Relevance:
Forming the superficial and deep palmar arches, the irrigation of the hand comes from the ulnar and radial arteries, which can compromise the viability of the limb when injured. The median artery is present in 0.6-21.1% of the population, originates from the anterior interosseous artery (branch of the ulnar), accompanies the median nerve in its path and ends in the palm joining the superficial palmar arch. Diagnostic imaging is a key tool for assessing arterial circulation and characterizing upper limb vascular lesions. Knowledge of the anatomical variations of the arterial supply of the hand, including variability of the superficial palmar arch, is crucial for the safety and success of hand surgeries.
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Zhu, Jin, Dan Dan Yan, and Jie Zhang. "Design of Intelligent Mouse Based on ARM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 427-429 (September 2013): 876–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.427-429.876.
Full textAbstract:
Intelligent Mouse is a micro-robot with special wisdom and it is a typical electro-mechanical integration system. This document has detailedly described the facture of mechanical structure, circuit design, software algorithm and other hardware system configurations. For the hardware, the control center of this mouse has used LM3S615 microcontroller which is based on the ARM® CortexTM-M3 v7M architecture developed by Luminary. This document also introduced that, the left/right-hand searching of the mouse, mapping, and calculation of the shortest path.
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van den Berg, Femke E., Stephan P. Swinnen, and Nicole Wenderoth. "Involvement of the Primary Motor Cortex in Controlling Movements Executed with the Ipsilateral Hand Differs between Left- and Right-handers." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 11 (November 2011): 3456–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00018.
Full textAbstract:
Unimanual motor tasks, specifically movements that are complex or require high forces, activate not only the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1) but evoke also ipsilateral M1 activity. This involvement of ipsilateral M1 is asymmetric, such that the left M1 is more involved in motor control with the left hand than the right M1 in movements with the right hand. This suggests that the left hemisphere is specialized for movement control of either hand, although previous experiments tested mostly right-handed participants. In contrast, research on hemispheric asymmetries of ipsilateral M1 involvement in left-handed participants is relatively scarce. In the present study, left- and right-handed participants performed complex unimanual movements, whereas TMS was used to disrupt the activity of ipsilateral M1 in accordance with a “virtual lesion” approach. For right-handed participants, more disruptions were induced when TMS was applied over the dominant (left) M1. For left-handed participants, two subgroups could be distinguished, such that one group showed more disruptions when TMS was applied over the nondominant (left) M1, whereas the other subgroup showed more disruptions when the dominant (right) M1 was stimulated. This indicates that functional asymmetries of M1 involvement during ipsilateral movements are influenced by both hand dominance as well as left hemisphere specialization. We propose that the functional asymmetries in ipsilateral M1 involvement during unimanual movements are primarily attributable to asymmetries in the higher-order areas, although the contribution of transcallosal pathways and ipsilateral projections cannot be completely ruled out.
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Bienfait, Frits, and Walter E. A. van Beek. "Political Left and Right: Our Hands-On Logic." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 2, no. 1 (December 10, 2014): 335–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v2i1.323.
Full textAbstract:
The origins and immediate vitality of the left/right divide which emerged in French revolutionary politics from 1789 can only be understood against the background of a much older classification dynamic based on the primacy of the right hand, first described by Robert Hertz in 1909. This dynamic infused political thinking first in Versailles and since 1815 in democracies throughout the world. In the process, the classical left/right polarity acquired a new dimension: the complementary notions of ‘accepting’ and ‘questioning’ the existing social order. An essential feature of both the age-old classical polarity and the ensuing political polarity is that they are intimately bound up with local and evolving social contexts: there is no single content-based definition of left and right. As long as the majority of us are predisposed to use our right hand when acting in the world, ‘left versus right’ will remain the most important political antithesis in western-type democracies.
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Mooshagian, Eric, Cunguo Wang, Afreen Ferdoash, and Lawrence H. Snyder. "Movement order and saccade direction affect a common measure of eye-hand coordination in bimanual reaching." Journal of Neurophysiology 112, no. 3 (August 1, 2014): 730–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00234.2014.
Full textAbstract:
Studies of visually guided unimanual reaching have established that a saccade usually precedes each reach and that the reaction times (RTs) for the saccade and reach are highly correlated. The correlation of eye and hand RT is commonly taken as a measure of eye-hand coordination and is thought to assist visuospatial guidance of the hand. We asked what happens during a bimanual reach task. As with a unimanual reach, a saccade was executed first. Although latencies were fastest on unimanual trials, eye and hand RT correlation was identical whether just one or both hands reached to a single target. The average correlation was significantly reduced, however, when each hand reached simultaneously to a different target. We considered three factors that might explain the drop. We found that correlation strength depended on which hand reached first and on which hand reached to the same target as the saccade. Surprisingly, these two factors were largely independent, and the identity of the hand, left or right, had little effect. Eye-hand correlation was similar to that seen with unimanual reaching only when the hand that moved to the same target as the saccade was also the first hand to move. Thus both timing as well as spatial pattern are important in determining eye-hand coordination.
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Shore, David I., Kellie Gray, Emily Spry, and Charles Spence. "Spatial Modulation of Tactile Temporal-Order Judgments." Perception 34, no. 10 (October 2005): 1251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p3313.
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We report a series of three experiments designed to examine the effect of posture on tactile temporal processing. Observers reported which of two tactile stimuli, presented to the left and right index fingers (experiments 1 – 3; or thumb, experiment 3), was perceived first while adopting one of two postures—hands-close (adjacent, but not touching) or hands-far (1 m apart)—in the dark. Just-noticeable differences were significantly smaller in the hands-far posture across all three experiments. In the first two experiments we compared hand versus foot responses and found equivalent advantages for the hands-far posture. In the final experiment the stimuli were presented to either the same or different digit on each hand (index finger or thumb) and we found that only when the same digit on each hand was stimulated was there an advantage for the hands-far posture. The finding that temporal precision was better with greater distance contradicts predictions based on attention-switching models of temporal-order judgments, and also contrasts with results from similar experimental manipulations in other modalities (eg vision). These results provide support for a rapid and automatic process that transforms the representation of a tactile stimulus from a skin-centred reference frame to a more external (eg body-centred or allocentric) one.
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Kistemaker, Dinant A., Jeremy D. Wong, and Paul L. Gribble. "The cost of moving optimally: kinematic path selection." Journal of Neurophysiology 112, no. 8 (October 15, 2014): 1815–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00291.2014.
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It is currently unclear whether the brain plans movement kinematics explicitly or whether movement paths arise implicitly through optimization of a cost function that takes into account control and/or dynamic variables. Several cost functions are proposed in the literature that are very different in nature (e.g., control effort, torque change, and jerk), yet each can predict common movement characteristics. We set out to disentangle predictions of the different variables using a combination of modeling and empirical studies. Subjects performed goal-directed arm movements in a force field (FF) in combination with visual perturbations of seen hand position. This FF was designed to have distinct optimal movements for muscle-input and dynamic costs while leaving kinematic cost unchanged. Visual perturbations in turn changed the kinematic cost but left the dynamic and muscle-input costs unchanged. An optimally controlled, physiologically realistic arm model was used to predict movements under the various cost variables. Experimental results were not consistent with a cost function containing any of the control and dynamic costs investigated. Movement patterns of all experimental conditions were adequately predicted by a kinematic cost function comprising both visually and somatosensory perceived jerk. The present study provides clear behavioral evidence that the brain solves kinematic and mechanical redundancy in separate steps: in a first step, movement kinematics are planned; and in a second, separate step, muscle activation patterns are generated.
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Rachůnková, Irena, and Svatoslav Staněk. "Sturm–Liouville and Focal Higher Order BVPs with Singularities in Phase Variables." Georgian Mathematical Journal 10, no. 1 (March 2003): 165–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gmj.2003.165.
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Abstract The paper deals with the existence of solutions for singular higher order differential equations with Sturm–Liouville or (𝑝, 𝑛 – 𝑝) right focal boundary conditions or the (𝑛 – 𝑝, 𝑝) left focal boundary conditions. Right-hand sides of differential equations may be singular in the zero values of all their phase variables. The proofs are based on the regularization and sequential techniques.
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Shen, Ruru, Haowen Yan, Xiaomin Lu, and Qinke Sun. "Fuzzy Expression of Hand-drawn Paths in We-Map Environment." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-330-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> We-Map is a “grassroots” map for the general public and the hand-drawn paths function makes it a kind of “Personal Media” with strong interactivity. The hand-drawn paths are manually drawn by the “grassroots” public and intuitively show the paths to the destination. The fuzzy expression of the hand-drawn paths has low requirements on direction, distance and topological relationship. Compared with traditional navigation with high precision requirements, its expression is more easily accepted by the “grassroots”.</p><p>In real life, the public's perception of geographic navigation is biased towards fuzziness and templating. Taking the location of the China National Stadium (Bird's Nest) as an example, the “grassroots” public is usually expressed near the Beijing Olympic Park or by subway line 15 or subway line 8 at the exit of the Olympic Park Station D. This expression is different from the traditional Accurate and standardized navigation. Therefore, this paper combines a new generation of We-Map concept with map as the information carrier, expresses the recommended path from the departure point to the destination in the form of hand-drawn maps fuzzification and template, and explores and designs a model suitable for mobile devices.</p><p>The basic ideas are as follows: (1) Determining the place of departure and destination. (2) The expression design of the hand-drawn path is fuzzy: firstly, the projection and calculation of the fitting path, and then extracting the multi-level feature points of the facilities around the road by using the feature points extraction principle. Finally, corner calculations and template nesting at the corners. (3) The definition of fuzzification is as follows: “starting from the starting point, follow the XX road, go straight to the XX place near XX, turn right/left to XX road, and to the XX place near XX, reach the end point”. The template can be expressed as: “starting point, along the line, turn, end point”. (4) Matching multi-user and multi-map versions to hand-drawn maps with fuzzified expression. Take a case from this model: departure at the entrance of Feitian Hotel, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, and destination at Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences.</p>
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Giordano, Carlo, Ivo Monica, Fabrizio Quattrini, Elena Villaggi, Rossana Gobbi, and Lorenzo Barbattini. "EVALUATION OF THE RADIATION DOSE TO THE HANDS OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS DURING FLUOROSCOPY USING STORED IMAGES." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 189, no. 2 (April 2020): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaa026.
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Abstract Data were collected from 642 orthopaedic interventions during which the images produced by X-rays were recorded. By examining these images, it is possible to determine the time that the orthopaedic surgeons’ hands were exposed to the direct radiation beam. The procedures with greater exposure to the direct beam were those involving the hand (median 15 s) and the wrist (median 13 s). Two surgeons wore a ring to measure the absorbed dose at the fingers: one on the dominant hand and the other on the non-dominant hand. The two surgeons performed 34 and 48 operations, respectively, in 14 months. The total doses measured with the rings were 2.30 and 1.04 mSv, respectively. The images of the interventions were examined, determining how much each individual hand was exposed. The interventional reference point (IRPeff (left or right)) was calculated by comparing the doses at the IRP with the exposure times of the right or the left hand. Summing the IRPeff of the two surgeons in 14 months, it is obtained the maximum values of 2.87 mGy for the left hand of one and 6.74 mGy for the right hand of the other, which are of the order of 1/100 of the annual dose limit for the extremities.
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Shen, Mengwei, Suzhen Wang, Shuang Wang, and Yan Su. "Simulation Study on Coverage Path Planning of Autonomous Tasks in Hilly Farmland Based on Energy Consumption Model." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (August 30, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4535734.
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The hilly farmland in China is characterized by small farmland areas and dense farmland distribution, and the working environment is three-dimensional topographic farmland, so the working conditions in the field are relatively complex. In this working environment, the coverage path planning technique of a farmland autonomous task is harder than that of 2D farmland autonomous task. Generally, the path planning problem of 2D farmland is to construct the path cost model to realize the planning of agricultural machinery driving route, while for the path planning problem of three-dimensional terrain farmland in the hilly region, this paper proposes a covering path planning scheme that meets the requirements of autonomous work. Based on the energy consumption model, the scheme searches the optimal driving angle of agricultural machinery, prioritizes solutions to the problem of covering path planning within the scattered fields in the working area, and then searches through the genetic algorithm for the optimal order of traversing the paths of each field to complete the coverage path planning in the working area. On the one hand, the scheme optimizes the planning route in the fields from the angle of optimal energy consumption; on the other hand, through the genetic algorithm, the fields are connected in an orderly manner, which solves the comprehensive problems brought by the unique agricultural environment and farming system in China’s hilly areas to the agricultural machinery operation. The algorithm program is developed according to the research content, and a series of simulation experiments are carried out based on the program using actual farmland data and agricultural machinery parameters. The results show that the planned path obtained at the cost of energy consumption has a total energy consumption of 4771897.17J, which is 17.4% less energy consumption than the optimal path found by the path cost search; the optimization effect is evident.
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Hossain, A. B. M. Aowlad, Md Wasiur Rahman, and Manjurul Ahsan Riheen. "Left and Right Hand Movements EEG Signals Classification Using Wavelet Transform and Probabilistic Neural Network." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 5, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v5i1.pp92-101.
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Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals have great importance in the area of brain-computer interface (BCI) which has diverse applications ranging from medicine to entertainment. BCI acquires brain signals, extracts informative features and generates control signals from the knowledge of these features for functioning of external devices. The objective of this work is twofold. Firstly, to extract suitable features related to hand movements and secondly, to discriminate the left and right hand movements signals finding effective classifier. This work is a continuation of our previous study where beta band was found compatible for hand movement analysis. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) has been used to separate beta band of the EEG signal in order to extract features. The performance of a probabilistic neural network (PNN) is investigated to find better classifier of left and right hand movements EEG signals and compared with classical back propagation based neural network. The obtained results shows that PNN (99.1%) has better classification rate than the BP (88.9%). The results of this study are expected to be helpful in brain computer interfacing for hand movements related bio-rehabilitation applications.
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NAMAZI, HAMIDREZA, and TIRDAD SEIFI ALA. "DECODING OF SIMPLE AND COMPOUND LIMB MOTOR IMAGERY MOVEMENTS BY FRACTAL ANALYSIS OF ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM (EEG) SIGNAL." Fractals 27, no. 03 (May 2019): 1950041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x19500415.
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One of the major attempts in rehabilitation science is to decode different movements of human using physiological signals. Since human movements are mainly controlled by the brain, decoding of movements by analysis of the brain activity has great importance. In this paper, we apply fractal analysis to Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal in order to decode simple and compound limb motor imagery movements. The fractal dimension of EEG signal is analyzed in case of left hand, right hand, both hands, feet, left hand combined with right foot, and right hand combined with left foot movements. Based on the obtained results, EEG signal experiences the lowest and greatest fractal dimension in case of both hands movement, and feet movement, respectively. Besides obtaining different fractal dimension for EEG signal in case of different movements, no significant difference was observed in fractal dimension of EEG signal between different movements. The method of analysis employed in this research can be widely applied to analysis of EEG signal for decoding of different movements of human.